英语知识点牛津译林版高中英语选修八Unit 2《The Universal Language》重点词汇讲解-总结

单元：Unit 2 The universal language板块：Welcome t o the unitThoughts on the design:本节课以看、说为主，通过Welcome to the unit部份所提供的四张图片，激活学生对音乐类别的了解，通过该部份相关问题的讨论，进一步激发学生的学习热情并为本单元后面更深切的学习奠定基础。

Teaching aims:After this lesson, students will be able to tell different types of music and musical instruments and they will also be able to talk about their favorite kind of music and famous musicians.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Brainstorming (PPT4-6)1. Show students a picture of people from different countries and ask them how theycan communicate with each other.How do people from different countries communicate with each other? (They can speak English since it is a language used widely in the world. They can draw pictures to get their ideas across. They can also use body language to show their feelings.)2. Get students to focus on the topic of the unit “The Universal language”.If a language can be understood by all the people in the world, it is a universal language. So is English a universal language?(No, not everyone in the world can speak and understand English.)What about pictures? Are they universal? (Yes. A picture can be appreciated by people all over the world.)Is body language also universal? (Yes, body language is more or less t he same throughout the world. It is a very effective way for people speaking different languages to communicate with each other.)3. Draw students’ attention to the unit topic—music.There is also another kind of language which is universal. That is music. Why do we say so? (Because people all over the world can understand music)Prepare the students with vocabulary related to music. Have them brainstorm any word related to the kind of music, people related to music and musical instruments. Kinds of music: classical music, pop music, folk music, swing music, blues, jazz, rock and roll, rap, opera …People related to mu sic: musician, singer, composer, pianist, violinist …Musical instru ments: guitar, piano, violin, drum …[Explanation]该步骤试图从人类不同的种类（语句不通顺）的一路语言引入到音乐那个话题，然后以“头脑风暴”这一活动形式，预备学生的相关辞汇。

Unit 2 The universal language Welcome 教学案2 Aims and requirements◆Read a review about a production of the opera Turandot and read about the history of music from jazz to pop◆Listen to instructions from a teacher and information about people◆Talk about music and ask questions to gain more information◆Write the life story of a composer◆Make a web page about a singer or a bandProceduresStep 1: BrainstormingMusic plays an important role in our daily life. Have you ever had the experience of listening to a piece of music and feeling that it is written just for you？Music can be used to express many feelings，such as love，sorrow，friendship and peace. Although people from different areas of the world have different styles of music，we can still unde rstand each other’s music. Without music，what would our lives be like？How much do you know about music？Now let’s try to say some words about music:● Music: classical music，pop music，folk music，swing music，blues，jazz，rock and roll，rap，opera…● P eople related to music: musician，singer，composer，pianist，violinist…● Musical instruments: guitar，piano，violin，drum…Step 2: Sharing information1. Work in groups of four and discuss the four pictures on page 17.Picture of a jazz bandWhat are the people doing in this picture？What do you know about jazz？(Jazz is a musical art form. At the end of the 19th century，jazz music was the most popular type of music. Jazz was started in New Orleans in the USA and most jazz musicians at that time were black. It has been called the first original art form to develop in the USA. Early jazz musicians made money by playing in small bands. Often，jazz musicians made up the music as they were playing.Early jazz came from folk music and later developed into something else of its own.) Do you know any famous jazz musicians？(Louis Armstrong，one of the most famous jazz musicians，was born in New Orleans. He created wonderful jazz music with his trumpet. In addition to playing trumpet，he also sang and danced. He performed on Broadway，in films and recorded music.)What does jazz music sound like to you？Picture of Chinese operaWhat are the people doing in this picture？What is Chinese opera？(Chinese opera is a traditional form of drama in China. It started in the Tang Dynasty when Emperor Xuanzong founded the ‘Pear Garden’. A Chinese opera performance includes elements such as dance，song，dialogue，swordplay and acrobatics. The features of Chinese opera which can distinguish a character’s age，gender and personality are the makeup，movements，props and the colour of costumes.)What does Chinese opera sound like？(To some young people nowadays，the music accompanied by gongs，cymbals，drums and stringed instruments sounds a bit ‘shrill’ and ‘noisy’. However，the stories and the melodies are unique.)Do you know any famous Chinese opera performers？Picture of a girl playing the violinWhat is the girl doing in this picture？What do you know about the violin？(The violin belongs to the string family of instruments. It is made of wood and uses steel strings. A violinist uses a bow pulled across the strings to create beautiful music.)Do you know any famous violinists？(In the past，the great violinists played the violin as well as writing music for the instrument. After the 19th century，composers and violinists started to be two different roles. The most famous violin composers and players are Corelli，Vivaldi，Locatelli and later Paganini，Sarasate，Wieniawski，Vieuxtemps，Ysave，Kreisler and Enesco.Picture of a girl playing the pianoWhat is the girl doing in this picture？What do you know about the piano？(The piano belongs to the percussion family of instruments. It consists of a keyboard attached to a wooden box，inside of which are metal strings. A piano is played by pressing the keys. Each of the keys isattached to a hammer that strikes one of the strings inside the box.)Do you know any famous pianists？(Among the most famous pianists are Beethoven from Germany，Franz Liszt from Hungary and Frederick Chopin from Poland. Beethoven is known for his sonatas，Liszt for the Hungarian Rhapsody and Chopin for Revolution Etude.)2. Work in pairs and have a discussion about the three questions below the pictures.Step 3: DiscussionMany of us believe that music can have a very great effect on us. This is especially true of classical music，which some people believe can make us calmer or even smarter. There is a theory，called the ‘Mozart Effect’，that playing classical music for a child can help his or her brain develop. As a result，a lot of parents play classical music for their children，some evenbeginning before the child is born，in the hope that their children will be smarter. What do you think of the ‘Mozart Effect’ theory？Do you think it is true？Why or why not？Do you think adults can become smarter or calmer by listening to classical music？Why or why not？Step 4: Homework1. Collect more information about music.2. Prepare the Reading part.。

Module8unit2《The universal language》Reading 中知识点1.universal adj 普遍的，共通的，公认的，宇宙的。

War causes universal misery. 战争造成了普遍的痛苦。

Television provides universal entertainment。

电视提供了大众娱乐。

a universal rule 普遍适用的规则。

2.star. vt. star (in sth)be a star ( in a play, film, etc.)在（戏剧，电影中）担任主角，主演She is to star in a new film .她将主演一部新影片。

star sb. (in sth) present sb. As a star, feature sb.使某人担任主演，由某人主演。

My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe.我最喜欢的电影由玛丽·梦露主演。

The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film.这位导演想让麦克尔。

凯恩主演他的新片子。

stardom n.明星或主演的地位，身份。

3.cast vt. (pt ,pp. cast) give (an actor ) a part in a play由……主演，使……成为明星，由……担任主角cast sb.(as sb) , cast sb. (in sth)He was cast as Othello/ in the role of Othello.他将被选派担任奥赛罗这一角色。

4.outdoor adj [attr 作定语]of used in, done in or existing in the open air(outside a building or ahouse) 户外的，户外用的，露天的outdoor activities 户外活动outdoor clothing 户外穿的衣服outdoor sport 户外运动outdoors adv.在户外，在露天，在外面Indoor adj. Indoors adv.5.be drunk with 醉心于……，沉溺于……由于……而忘乎所以It’s reported that many middle school students are drunk with playing computer games.The young couple were drunk with their happy and peaceful life.6.dare vi (with or without to)，1)（用或不用to,）敢于，敢胆敢。

高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）M 8 Unit 2 The Universal Language一.单词1. adj. 普通的,共通的. 11. splendid adj.2. n. 音乐家. 12marriage n.3. vt &n 折磨13.terrify vt.4. vt. 选派……扮演某角色. 14.affecftion n.5. n. 乐队指挥ponent n.6. adj. 真实的,可信的16.privilege n.7. n. [总称]人员,员工17.tremble vi &n8. n. 单身汉,学士学位18. voyage n.9. n&vi 衰落,衰败,下降19.promoter n .10 n 吸引力20.mental adj.二．词组1._______the end of 在……结束16.along________ 和…一起2.witness…being done 看见…正在被…17._________the end 到底;直到死.3.be set______背景设置在18.fall______love 坠入爱河4.take_____演绎,上演19.be drunk_________醉心于……5.exercise control____对…实施控制20.be desperate___不顾一切要去…6.finish with 以……而结束21.transform…into… 把…变为…7.be condemned __death 被判处死刑8.devote… to…_____专心致志于9.serve_______用作……，充当……10.give up 放弃结束11.get married 结婚12.a voyage ____sp 去一地方的航行13.make friends____和…交朋友14.earn sb sth 某事为某赢得……15.pop chart 流动排行榜22.play_____ role(part)in 在……起作用23.be anchored______扎根于……之中24.see sb as (being)…… 被看作……，视作……25.start out to do / doing 开始做什么(后来有变化)26.make_____fortune 发财27.turn_____原来是,结果是28.be drafted info 应征入伍29.break up 解散, 解体三．重点句型1.In order to avoid marriage ,she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die①in order to…在句中作目的状语，可用于句首或句中2.The emperor finds the deaths of so many men disturbing①find+宾语+宾补(adj,v-ing,v-ed,n)3.The story then takes on a classic love triangle featuring Calaf, Turandot, and liu, whose love for Calaf is unconditionalwhose love to Calaf is unconditional 在句中作非限制性定语, 修饰"Liu"; a classic love triangle作take on的宾语,而"featuring Calaf, Turandot and Liu"作定语修饰a classic love triangle4. However, in this wonderful production it has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story这个句中,in this wonderful production 作地点状语;"for a beautiful and…love story"在句中作定语修饰location5.The Forbidden City is an area where once the emperor, his family and officials were allowedwhere 引导了定语从句,修饰area四、单项选择：1. In fact, newspaper editors sometimes do not even _____ control over large sections of their newspapers.A. exerciseB. makeC. declineD. develop2. ______ can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard workB. Although work hardC. Only with hard workD. Now that he works hard3. John, _____ Mary is to blame for the matter.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. less than4. I am a _____ friend of his, because we all live very _____ to our school, and I know very well that he sleepswith the windows ___ even in summer.A. closing；close；closeB. close；closely；closingC. closing；closely；closedD. close；close；closed5. It was _____ the ambulance came _____ to the hospital.A. until；that the boy was sentB. until；that was the boy sentC. not until；that the boy was sentD. not until；that was the boy sent6. ----The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.----Don’t worry. We have already ______ two thirds of it.A. got downB. got throughC. given inD. given away7. --Did they come to the biology laboratory ?--I don't know. They __________ while I was out.A. might have comeB. might comeC. should have comeD. must have come8. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ____?9. I was ___________ of crossing the road __________ the car accident happened.A. around the time; whenB. on the point; thatC. at the moment; whenD. on the point; when10. ------Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?------ .A. It’s your opinionB. I don’ t mindC. It’s all up to youD. That’s your decision11.You must keep on working in the evening,. ______ you are sure you can finish thetask in timeA. asB. ifC. whenD. unless12. -----How do you find the book?-----It’s ____.A. of great usefulB. of very valueC. of great usefulnessD. of great use13. ------Who cleaned the classroom?------We consider Tom ____ it.A. to cleanB. cleaningC. to have cleanedD. to have been cleaning14. ------How did you ____ with that idea?------I read a book.A. come upB. take offC. run overD. make up15. ------How many chapters does the book have?------It ____ three chapters.A. consists withB. consists ofC. includingD. is contained16. ------How many books do you think he has?------I think the books he has come to ____ 1000.A. as much asB. as more asC. as long asD. as many as17. ------Shall we meet tonight------Sorry, I’m busy. How about_______ day?A. every otherB. the otherC. any otherD. some other五、单词拼写：1.The group is made up of local________(音乐家) who have been performing together for several years.2. I always get ___________(蝴蝶)before an exam.3. Most p__________ feel nervous before they go on stage.4. A good education should not just be a p________ of the rich.5. ZhangYimou is a famous film d__________.6. Language is a social and cultural ____________(现象).7. DengXiaoping did make great contributions to his ____________(祖国).8. The restaurant certainly lived up to its________(名声); the food was delicious.9. Do you know who is the great _________(小提琴演奏家) in the world?10. S________ was abolished(废除) after the Civil War.六.语法：动词填空(注意形式)1. ________(terrify) by a snake, she let out a scream of cry.2. You are supposed ________(recite) the text on Friday.3. Several laws have been made to prevent prisoners from __________(torture).4. When asked to comment on details of the agreement, the President had no choice but________(decline).5. Bill spent two weeks in the hospital _________(regain)his strength after the operation.6. Greene was on his feet now, his body __________(tremble)with rage.7. Do you like to see these film ________(direct)by Zhang Yimou.8. This insight taught me something about the enormous power that is generated by _________(desire)somethingvery much.9. He proposed a smaller army_________(compose) of better-trained and better-equipped soldiers.10. The pool was closed after ___________(condemn) as a health hazard.七．课文内容填空:The world-famous opera, Turandot, is the story of a cold-hearted Chinese(1)p______, named Turandot. In order to avoid(2)m_______, she says that any(3)p_______ husband must answer three(4)r______ correctly or die. A handsome prince, named Calaf, says that he will(5)s_______ the problem and marry her. But a young slave of his father, Liu, begins to love him, then the story takes on a classic love(6)t_______ featuring Calaf, Turandot, and Liu, whose love for Calaf is(7)u_________. Alt hough Calaf recites the answers to the Turandot’s questions correctly, she is greatly(8)u______ by this. Seeing this, Calaf says that she can guess his name by(9)s______, she does not have to marry him. In order to learn his name, she tortures Liu, asking for the name. Unfortunately, Liu kills herself. But at the end of the story, the prince and Turandot marry and the whole city(10)c________ their happiness.八、对话填空:阅读下面对话，掌握其大意，并根据所给字母的提示，在标有题号的横线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。

高中英语学习材料（灿若寒星*制作整理）Ellipsis（省略）一个句子中某些部分被省略掉了，这种情况在语法中被称作省略。

省略的目的也是为了避免重复，使语言精练。

大体上来说，被省略的部分是上文已出现过的词语或被省略的部分，并非上文出现的内容，但是在意义上是不言自明的。

1. 简单句中的省略1) 省略主语。

例如：“Get up.”（省略了主语you）（祈使句中的主语通常被省略。

）其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。

例如：Thank you for your help. （省略了主语I）Doesn’t matter. （省略了主语it）2) 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

例如：No smoking. （省略了主谓语There is）Have a cup of tea? （省略了主语及谓语的助动词部分will you）3) 省略宾语。

例如：Do you know Mr. Smith?I don’t know. （省略了宾语him）4) 省略表语。

例如：— Are you hungry?— Yes, I am. （省略了表语hungry）5) 同时省略几个成分。

例如：— Are you feeling better now?— Much better. （省略了I am feeling … now）— Have you finished your work?— Not yet. （省略了I have … finished my work …）6) 其它省略结构。

例如：(1) 名词所有格所修饰的名词，表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。

例如：We spent the weekend at the Smith’s.(2) What 和How 引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it 和be动词。

例如：What a wonderful victory (it is) for her!(3) 不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在beafraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want,wish 等后边。

Unit 2 The universal language Period 3 课件6根底落实Ⅰ.课文理解1.Which is the right order of the music mentioned in the text？A.blues→jazz→R&B→rock and roll→pop music.B.jazz→blues→R&B→rock and roll→pop music.C.R&B→jazz→blues→rock and roll→pop music.D.blues→R&B→rock and roll→jazz→pop music.2.Who is one of the first rock and roll musicians？A.Louis Armstrong.B.Sam Philips.C.Big Joe Turner.D.Elvis Presley.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE？A.After Big Joe Turner released the first rock and roll song，he became very famous in America.B.Elvis Presley wrote many songs and played them.C.The Beatles existed for more than 20 years.D.Sam Philips made Elvis Presley famous in order to make money.Ⅱ.单词检测1.n.________起源，起因________奴隶身份________倾向，偏好________形式________自由________衰落________趋势，动向________偏见________歧视2.v.________试图；寻找________尖叫；吼叫Ⅲ.短语检测1.take a ________ look at简要浏览2.dance ________随着……起舞3.spring ________突然兴起，迅速出现4.be thought ________ as被当作……5.________ discrimination种族歧视6.go ________疯狂7.break ________解散；破碎8 e close ________接近Ⅳ.语境填词1.There has been a gradual ________ (下降) in the population of the town.2.The youth like to follow the latest ________ (潮流) in fashion.3.I have a ________ (倾向) to talk too much when I’m nervous.4.There is still ________ (歧视) against the black people there.5.He had to endure six months’ loss of __________ (自由).6.He covered her mouth to stop her from ________ (尖叫).7.Recovery from the disease is very ____________ (逐步的).8.Their decision was based on ignorance and ________ (偏见).Ⅴ.单项填空1.—My old tire exploded.Can you ______ it with a new one？—Certainly，wait a minute，please.C.take placeD.in place of2.I have never sought________my views.I hope you will not misunderstand me.A.hidingB.to hide[C.hiddenD.to be hidden3.—I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have ________.—So am I.They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A.broken upB.finished upC.divided upD.closed up4.My application was ________ by the postal strike.A.held upB.held onC.held offD.held out5.She ______ to have lunch with her friend，saying that she wasn’t feeling well.6.She is ________ as a possible director.C.thinking ofD.thought of7.I like her，________ she can be annoying at times.A.as ifB.even though8.There is a growing ________ earlier retirement.A.trend towardsB.tend towardsC.trend forD.tend for9.She ________ him on the head with her umbrella.10.—Andrew won’t like it，you know.—______？I don’t care what Andrew thinks！A.So whatB.So whereC.So whyD.So how能力提升阅读理解As part of the celebrations for Johnny Mercer’s hundredth anniversary，the BBC Concert Orchestra organized the performance of his final stage musical，The Good Companions，at the Watford Colosseum.The Good Companions is based on JB Priestley’s most popular novel.It tells of an upper-middle class woman，Elizabeth Trant，who—quite against the advice of her relatives—decides to use her new-found wealth to fund a group of strolling players whose director has run off with all the money.Trant finds her true self in the theatre，while the enterprise also helps the working-class Jess Oakroyd，to get out of his mundane(平凡的) existence and instead work as a handyman(勤杂工) for the group.The similarly unhappy Inigo Jollifant，who is a teacher at a rundown private school，becomes the music hall group’s pianist and becomes famous as a hit songwriter.Andre Previn was an experienced Hollywood composer and conductor.Mercer，meanwhile，received nineteen Academy Award nominations，and was the lyricist of scores of American standards.It’s hard to know who deserves the most praise out of the cast，because they were very well chosen，both vocally and as actors.Ian Talbot inhabited the role of Jess Oakroyd with charm and sympathy，and he maintained his Yorkshire accent throughout the delivery of his songs.The superb Liz Robertson was perfect as Miss Trant.She managed to show the many sides of the character.Mark Meadows also shone as Inigo Jollifant.To play the teacher-turned-composer is no mean feat since Jollifant has to play the piano while singing at several points，but for the multitalented Meadows—former member and musical director of The Swingle Singers—there seemed to be no problem.So o ne couldn’t have hoped for a better team，and The Good Companions is indeed a witty and engaging piece.1.What is the theme of the story？A.Love.B.Hate.C.Escape.D.Friendship.2.What does the author think of the performance of the opera？A.Splendid.B.Bad.C.Just so-so.D.Disappointing.3.Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.A.the stagingB.the settingC.the castD.the story4.What would be the best title for the passage？A.Review of The Good CompanionsB.The Celebrations for Johnny Mercer’s Hundred th AnniversaryC.The Development of a BBC Concert OrchestraD.The Formation of a Better Team[.答案根底落实ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ.1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D7.B8.A9.C10.A 能力提升1.C2.A3.D4.A。

Unit 2The universal languagePart 1巧记考纲单词Ⅰ. 核心单词·熟写1. cast vt. &vi. 选派角色; 投射(光、影)向……投以(视线、笑容)2. condemn vt. 判刑, 宣判; 指责, 谴责3. dare vi. &vt. &aux. 敢于, 胆敢4. seize vt. 逮捕, 捉拿, 抓住, 捉住, 夺取, 攻占5. grab vt. (突然或用力)抓住, 夺取, 攫取6. deadline n. 最后期限, 截止日期7. opportunity n. 机遇, 时机8. folk adj. 民间的, 民俗的n. 人们, 亲属(尤指父母)9. decline n. 衰落, 衰败; 减少; 下降vi. &vt. 衰落, 下降; 婉言谢绝10. trend n. 趋势, 动向11. seek vt. &vi. 试图, 设法; 寻找, 寻求12. scream vi. 尖叫, 高声喊; 呼啸n. 尖叫, 尖锐刺耳的声音Ⅱ. 拓展单词·会用1. universe n. 宇宙, 世界→universal adj. 共同的, 普遍的, 全体的, 全世界的2. disturb vt. 搅乱, 弄乱; 打扰, 干扰→disturbing adj. 令人不安的; 引起恐慌的→disturbed adj. 不安的, 受到干扰的→disturbance n.搅乱, 弄乱, 打扰, 干扰3. willing adj. 愿意的; 心甘情愿的→unwilling adj. 不情愿的, 不愿意, 勉强的, 无奈的→unwillingness n. 不愿意; 不情愿4. demand vt. 强烈要求; 需要n. 需要; 需求→demanding adj. 要求高的; 苛求的5. evident adj. 清楚的, 显然的→evidently adv. 显然地, 明显地→evidence n. 证据, 证明6. mercy n. 仁慈, 宽容, 怜悯→merciful adj. 仁慈的, 慈悲的,宽大为怀的→mercifully adv. 仁慈地, 宽厚地7. employ vt. 雇用→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员→employment n. 就业, 雇用, 职业→unemployment n. 失业8. pose vt. 作曲; 创作→poser n. 作曲者, 作曲家9. collect vt. 收集, 聚集; 募捐; 取走→collection n. 作品集; 收藏品; 一批(人或物品); 取走→collector n. 收集者10. tend v. 倾向, 趋向, 照顾, 易于→tendency n. 倾向, 偏好; 趋势,趋向11. gradual adj. 逐渐的, 逐步的; 平缓的, 不陡的→gradually adv. 逐渐地12. discriminate vt. 区分; 区别对待vi. 辨别; 差别对待→discrimination n. 歧视, 区别对待; 辨别力, 鉴赏力Part 2闪记重点短语1. be condemned to sth. 被处以某种刑罚2. ask for sb. ’s hand in marriage(向女方)求婚3. fall in love相爱, 坠入爱河4. at first sight初次见面, 乍一看5. take on呈现; 雇用; 承担6. try out for竞争, 参加选拔7. split up分手, 分裂, 破裂8. spring up迅速出现, 突然兴起9. bring back使恢复, 使回忆起10. break up破裂, 解散; 破碎Part 3速记经典句式1. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting(不可能有比这更好的背景了)! (“否定式+比较级”表示最高级)2. Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he pleted this final scene(他还没来得及完成最后一幕), and it had to be pleted by one of his former students, Franco Alfano. (before引导时间状语从句)3. Wherever the Beatles went(不管甲壳虫乐队到哪里), there was a phenomenon called “Beatlemania”—thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them. (wherever引导让步状语从句)4. Seeing this, Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she will not have to marry him, but can have him killed(她就不必嫁给他, 而是可以杀了他). (not. . . but不是……而是)【联想拓展·多积累】1. un前缀, 加在形容词之前, 表否定①unfortable不舒服的②uncertain 不确定的③unknown 不出名的, 未知的④unsatisfactory 不满意的⑤unstable 不稳定的2. v. +up 大荟萃①spring up突然兴起, 迅速出现②break up解散, 破碎③put up张贴, 举起, 建造, 提供食宿④give up投降, 放弃⑤take up占用, 从事。