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代词语法复习专题

代词语法复习专题
代词语法复习专题

代词语法复习专题

代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。

1、人称代词

(1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下4中情况:

①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。

—Does any of you know where tom lives?

—Me.

What! Me (to)play him at chess? no!

②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。

The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格,故用he代替)

They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格,故用her替代)

③作表语人称代词一般用宾格,但在强调句型中,被强调部分代词的格不变。

I met her in the hospital.→Iit was her who I met in the hospital.

④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:he is taller than me(i).但在下列句中有区别。

I like jack as much as her.=I like both jack and her.

I like jack as much as she.=I like jack and she likes him, too.

(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:

①在并列主语中,“i”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。

You ,she and i will be in charge of the case.

Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.

②第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。

H e and she still don’t agree to the plan.

(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。

①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。

②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。

T he “titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?

2.物主代词

(1)名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

(2)one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。

(3)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。

如:Take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.

3.反身代词

(1)反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

(2)反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语。

enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood

(3)反身代词还可用于某些成语中。

for oneself为自己或独立地,of oneself自然地,自动地

by oneself独自地,in oneself本身性质,beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极

Tthis problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章(独有)。

Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。

They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同)

Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他,他写了起来。

I’m very angry with myself.生自己的气。

4.相互代词(each other, one another)

相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one an other’s ,作定语。一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。

5.指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, same)

指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

(1)指示代词this和that的区别。

①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。

This is my desk and that is yours.

In those days they could not go to school.

②this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this:the english party will be held on saturday afternoon.

H e hurt his leg yesterday. that’s why he didn’t come.

③为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。

The weather of beijing is colder than that of nanjing.

The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

④this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,意思相当于副词so。

(2)such和same的用法。

①such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语和定语。

Such was the story.

We have never seen such a tall building.

②same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the.

The same can be said of the other article.

另一篇文章也是同样的情况。(主语)

Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.

他是否能做这事,对我来说都一样。(表语)

6、疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose)

疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

(1)who/what

①询问姓名或关系。——who is he? ——he is my brother./he is

henry.询问职业或地位。——what is he?——he is a lawyer/teacher.

②what/who 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复数。

What is /are on the table?

Who is/are in the library?

(2)which与who、what

Which表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。

I found two books on the desk.which is yours?

7.连接代词和关系代词

连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever 合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和

表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分,以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that. 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。

8、不定代词

不定代词主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

(1)some与any

一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。

He has some chinese paintings.(定语)

Some like sports,others like music.(主语)

Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)

Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)

I don’t know any of the students.(宾语)

特殊用法:

①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。

Any child can do that.(定语)

You may take any of them.(宾语)

②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。

Smith went to some place in england.(定语)

③在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。

Would you like some bananas?(邀请)

Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)

④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。

I don’t know some of the students.(宾语)

some和any在句中还可作状语,作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。如:

There are some 300 workers on strike.

Do you feel any better today?

(2)one,both,all

①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是one’s,反身代词是oneself.

O ne should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语)

This is not the one i want.(表语)

one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复,one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如:

These books are more interesting than those ones.

Here are three pens.which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?

②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。

This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)

Both of the boys are here.(主语) We both are students.(同位语)

注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。

如:Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。

Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。

both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。

如:Both my parents like this film. Both the /these boys are tall.

③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。

He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。

All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。

I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。

T hat’s all for today.今天就在这儿。

T hey have all been to xi’an.他们都去过西安。

注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:

Not all the ants go out for food.(=A ll the ants don’t go out for food.)

None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。

(3)many和much

many和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。

(4)few, little; a few, a little

few和little表示没有多少,含否定意义;而a few 和a little表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few、a few 修饰可数名词;little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。

(5)no和none

no=not any,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。

注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one只能指人。

(6)each和every

each(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every(每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。

every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调班上“所有的人”)

each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调各个个体)

each of them has been there.(主语)

the teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(宾语)

we each got a ticket.(同位语)

(7)either和neither

either是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如:here are two pens. you may take either of them.(宾语)

neither boy knows french.(定语)

注意:①either也作副词,其意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。he doesn’like tea, and i don’t either.(状语)②either与or构成连词,意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。he is either japanese or chinese. ③neither用作副词,意为“也不”,即“not…either”。he can’t do it, neither can i.

④neither可与nor构成连词,意为“既不……也不”。neither he nor you are a student.

(8)other和another, the others 和others

the other表示“两者中的另一个”;“the other + 复数可数名词”

表示“其余(他)的……”;the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:

he got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.

five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.

some are singing, others are dancing.

another修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。

this coat is too dark. please show me another.(宾语)

please give me another book.(定语)

注意:another修饰复数名词时,意为“再,又”。如:please give me another ten minutes. o ne … another(a second)… a third…the other…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…,意为“一些……一些……一些”。

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 (1)按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I(宾格)________ 2、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 3、us(主格)________ 4、they(宾格)________ 5、she(宾格)________ 6、you(名词性物主代词)________ 7、it(宾格)________ 8、my(复数)________ 9、him(复数)________ 10、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 11、we(单数)________ 12、they(名词性物主代词)________ 13、I(反身代词)________ 14、you(反身代词)________ 15、she(反身代词)________ 16、he(反身代词)________ 17、it(反身代词)________ 18、I(反身代词)________ (2)选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is(my / I)mother. 2. Nice to meet (your / you). 3.(He / His)name is Mark. 4. What’s(she / her)name? 5. Excuse(me / my / I). 6. Are(your / you)Miss Li? 7.(I/ My)am Ben. 8.(She / Her)is my sister. 9. Fine , thank(your / you). 10. How old is (he / his)? (3)用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. (4)填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊?是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

高考英语语法专题——专题2代词

1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ,67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day. 答案:it it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。 2.(2017·浙江高考,59)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt ________ (I),” says Pahlsson. 答案:myself 由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词作 宾语。 3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ,68)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother. 答案:its 根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词作定语。 4.(2016·浙江高考,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.

答案:that 句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。 5.(2015·浙江高考,12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you 答案:it 句意:如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了,你会怎么想固定表达how would you like it if ...,在此结构中it作形式宾语代替后面if从句的内容。 6.(2015·重庆高考,2)The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure. 答案:nobody 句意:会议将在九月召开,但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but,表转折,故nobody “没有人”符合句意。 7.(2015·陕西高考,13)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________. 答案:other 句意:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示“两者中另一个”,用the other ...。 8.(2015·四川高考,10)Niki is always full of ideas, but

高考英语语法专题复习--代词

高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点: 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格,如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等): 人称代词的用法: 注:(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时,用主格: ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格: “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个?”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化: I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I; 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即 we, you and they:You, he and I are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前: Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是,you and I 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语: These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,作定语;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语:His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔,我的在铅笔盒里。 注:(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语: Mind your own business. 别管闲事。

语法填空专项训练

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