核电专业英语试题库来自工程公司

核能专业英语试题（A卷）考试时间：90分钟姓名：班级：学号：The most elementary concept is that matter is composed of individual particles – atoms – that retain their identity as elements in ordinary physical and chemical interactions. Thus a collection of helium atoms that forms a gas has a total weight that is the sum of the weights of the individual atoms. Also, when two elements combine to form a compound, the total weight of the new substance is the sum of the origin elements.1.公认的物质的概念是：物质是由单个粒子——原子组成，在普通的化学和物理反应中原子保持了元素的特性。

因此，因此一团由氦原子组成的气体的重量就是其中每一个原子重量的总和。

同样，当两种元素结合成化合物时，新物质的总重量是原先的元素的质量之和。

Bohr assumed that the atom consists of a single electron moving at constant speed in a circular orbit about a nucleus --the proton--as sketched in Fig. X.X. Each particle has an electric charge of l.6×l0-l9 coulombs, but the proton has a mass that is 1836 times that of the electron.2.波尔假设（氢）原子由一个单独的电子绕着一个核子——质子，以圆形轨道作恒定速度的移动——见图X.X，每个粒子有l.6×l0-l9库伦的电量，质子的质量是电子质量的1836倍。

《核电专业英语》课程教学大纲课程编号：0805307313课程名称：核电专业英语英文名称：Professional English of Nuclear Power Generation课程类型:专业基础课总学时：32 讲课学时：32 实验学时：0学分：2适用对象:热能动力工程专业（核电站集控运行方向）先修课程：大学英语、专业基础课及专业课一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程为四年制本科热能动力工程（核电站集控运行方向）专业的一门专业课程。

在学生完成大学英语学习的基础上，本课程结合核电厂生产过程的实际情况，选取相关的国外原文材料和引进机组的技术资料，通过讲授科技英语的语法特点和文体结构，以及科技英语文献的阅读和翻译的方法和技巧，使学生掌握一定数量的常用专业词汇、专业术语，能够顺利阅读和理解专业英语书籍和文献，在本专业领域达到一定的英文写作能力。

二、教学基本要求1、通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握本专业常用英语词汇和习惯表达方式。

2、掌握科技英语语法特点和科技英语文献的结构特点。

3、提高英语阅读和翻译能力，能够从英文资料中获取知识，能熟练阅读与专业相关的英文技术文献和书籍。

4、在本专业领域具备一定的英文写作能力。

三、教学内容及要求1、The Senteces of Nuclear Power English（核电英语短句）2、Words of Nuclear Power English （核电英语词汇）3、Philosophy of Reactor Plant （核电站原理）；4、Installation Knowledge of Nuclear Power （核电安装知识）;5、General Introduction of API000 Project （AP1000 简介）；6、Introduction of 300MGW Pressurized Water Reactor （30 万千瓦压水堆介绍）；7、General Introduction of ERP Project （ERP 项目介绍）;8、General Introduction of CRP Project （CRP 项目介绍）；9、General Introduction of CANDU Project （CANDU 项目介绍）;10、Treatment of On-site Problem （现场问题处理）每次课由教师选定英语文献中的重要内容，进行专业词汇、科技英语语法及阅读理解等方面的讲授，并选择相关的阅读材料，指导学生进行阅读、翻译、写作等环节实践。

中国核工业集团公司英语水平考试大纲一、考试的性质与目的中国核工业集团公司英语水平考试（CNNC EPT）是中核集团公司专为其总部及成员单位公派出国人员设计的一种英语水平测试。

其命题不针对任何具体课程或教材，而是根据出国工作和生活的实际需要而设计，着重测试考生实际掌握和运用英语的能力。

中核集团公司英语水平考试由中核集团公司国际合作部统一组织命题，每年年中（6月或7月）和年底（12月或次年1月）各举行一次。

通过该考试者，中核集团公司将根据成绩颁发合格证书，并作为中核集团公司审批公派出国的依据之一。

本考试是一种标准化测试，由笔试和口试两大部分组成。

二、考试内容与结构(一)笔试部分笔试共有四部分，即听力理解、语言知识运用、阅读理解和书面表达，满分为100分，考试时间为135分钟。

本部分的题目数、分值、计分和参考用时如下：各部分要求如下：第一部分：听力理解（Part I. Listening Comprehension）本部分主要测试考生能否听懂每分钟120－150单词的对话和一般性题材的讲话。

具体要求是：（1）理解所听到的对话和讲话的大意；（2）抓住其中的主要事实；（3）根据所听到的材料进行推理和判断；（4）理解说话人的目的和态度。

本部分考试内容共有三节：A节（10题）：每题为一段两个人的对话，之后由第三个人提出一个问题。

录音只放一遍。

要求考生根据所听到的内容，从每题所给的四个选择项中选出最佳答案，然后在答题纸（1）的相应位置用粗横线作出标记。

B节（10题）：本节由2－3篇较长的讲话或会话构成，每篇文章后面有若干问题。

录音只放一遍。

要求考生根据所听到的内容，从每题所给的四个选择项中选出最佳答案，然后在答题纸（1）的相应位置用粗横线作出标记。

C节（10题）：本节由一篇对话或独白构成，录音放两遍。

要求考生根据所听到的内容，回答问题或补充信息或进行信息匹配等。

考生应在答题纸（1）上作答。

听力考试进行时，考生可将答案划在试卷上；听力部分结束前，考生有5分钟的时间将试卷上的答案填涂或誊写到答题纸（1）上。

核工程专业英语词汇(整理版)本文档旨在整理核工程专业常用的英语词汇，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用相关领域的英语术语。

1. Nuclear engineering - 核工程2. Nuclear power plant - 核电站3. Reactor - 反应堆4. Nuclear n - 核裂变5. Nuclear n - 核聚变6. active - 放射性的7. e - 同位素8. Criticality - 临界性9. n - 辐射10. n - 污染11. active waste - 放射性废物12. Shielding - 屏蔽13. n dose - 辐射剂量14. Nuclear safety - 核安全15. Emergency preparedness - 应急准备17. Nuclear fuel - 核燃料18. Nuclear ___ - 核燃料循环19. ___ - 核废物处理20. Nuclear n - 核能监管21. ___ - 核扩散22. Nuclear accident - 核事故23. Nuclear security - 核安全24. Nuclear medicine - 核医学25. logy - 放射科学26. Nuclear physics - 核物理学27. ___ - 核能28. Neutron - 中子29. Gamma ray - 伽玛射线30. Alpha particle - 阿尔法粒子以上为部分核工程专业英语词汇，希望能对您有所帮助。

如需进一步了解相关术语和概念，请参考专业教材或相关文献。

、词汇简写与翻译 1、聚变 fusion 裂变 fission2、安全壳 Containment Structure3、包壳 Cladding4、控制棒 Control Rods5、压力容器 Reactor Vessel6、汽轮机 Turbine7、冷凝器 Condenser8、RCP 反应堆冷却剂泵 Reactor Coolant Pumps9、SG 蒸汽发生器 Steam Generator10、SFR 钠冷快堆系统 Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor System11、LFR 铅冷快堆系统 Lead Alloy Cooled Fast Reactor System12、GFR 气冷快堆系统 Gas Cooled Fast Reactor System13、VHTR 超高温堆系统 Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor System14、MSR 熔盐堆系统 Molten Salt Reactor System15、RPV 反应堆压力容器 Reactor Pressure Vessel16、IAEA 国际原子能组织 International Atomic Energy Agency17、EPR 欧洲压水堆 European Pressurized Reactor18、ABWR 先进的沸水反应堆 Advanced Boiling Water Reactor19、PWR 压水堆 Pressure Water Reactor20、BWR 沸水堆 Boiling Water Reactor21、CEFR 中国实验快堆 China Experiment Fast Reactor22、DOE 美国能源部 Department of Energy23、NRC 美国核管理委员会 Nuclear Regulatory Commission24、CNNC 中国核工业集团总公司 The China National Nuclear Corporation25、CGN26、CSS安全壳喷淋系统 Containment Spray System27、RCS 反应堆冷却剂系统 Reactor Coolant System28、OBE 运行基准地震 Operating Basis Earthquake29、DBA 设计基准事故 Design Basic Accident30、QA 质量保证 Quality Assurance31、ASME 美国机械工程师协会 American Society of Mechanical Engineers32、CVCS 化学和容积控制系统 Chemical and Volume Control System33、RBWM/REA 反应堆硼和水的补给系统 Reactor Boron and Water Make up34、RHR 余热排出系统 Residual Heat Removal35、CCWS/RRI 设备冷却系统 Component Cooling Water System36、ESWS/SEC 重要厂用水系统 Essential Service Water System37、PTR 反应堆换料水池和乏燃料池冷却和处理系统R eactor Cavity and Spent Fuel Pool Cooling and Treatment38、WTS 废物处理系统 Waste Treatment System39、热管段： hot leg 冷管段： cool leg40、PPM 百万分之一 Parts Per Million41、RX：安全壳厂房KX ：燃料厂房及换料水池1.核能在人类生产和生活中的应用的主要形式是核电。

核电专业词汇abnormal condition 异常工况absorber rod 吸收棒absorption cross section 吸收截面acceleration pressure drop 加速度压降acceptable daily intake 日允许摄入量acceptance 验收acceptance standard 验收标准acceptance test 验收实验accident analysis 事故分析accident interlocking module 事故联锁组件accident mitigation 事故缓解accident source 事故源accident shutdown 事故停堆accumulator 安注箱activation 活化active component 能动部件active power 有用功率actuate 驱动，动作activity concentration 放射性浓度activity level 放射性活度administration building and emergency center water supply and drainage system办公楼及应急中心给排水系统absorber chiller 吸收式制冷机aerodynamic behavior 空气动力特性after filter(or post-filter) 后置过滤器after-power，residual heat power 剩余功率air change rate 换气率air delivery pipe 供气管道air filter unit 空气过滤机组air flow rate 空气流量air hose 空气软管air pump 抽气泵air self-cooling type 空气自冷式airborne particulate sample 气载粒子取样器alarm(output) module 报警（输出）组件alarm window 报警窗absorbed dose rate 吸收剂量absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption ratio 吸收比acceleration pressure loss 加速度损失acceptance limit 可接受限值acceptance criterion 验收准则acceptance report 验收报告access 通道，入口accident conditions 事故工况accident management 事故处理accident prevention 事故预防accidental exposure 事故照射accumulated dose 累积剂量acid-proof tile 耐酸瓷砖active carbon filter 活性碳过滤器active core height 堆芯活性高度activity 活度administration building and emergency center ventilation system办公楼及应急中心通风系统adoption by equivalent 等同采用aerial cable 架空电缆aerosol 气溶胶after-heat, residual heat 剩余释热air breaker 空气断路器air cooler 空气冷却器air filter and absorber unit 空气过滤吸附机组air handling unit 空气处理机组air intake 采风口，进风口air sampling device 空气取样设备air submerasion dose 空气浸没剂量airborne radioactivity 气载放射性alarm 警报，报警alarm signal 报警信号albedo 反射率aligning pin 定位销alphanumeric keyboard 字母数字键盘American Concrete Institute 美国混凝土学会American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会American Nuclear Society 美国核学会American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程学会Ampacity 载流量analog/digital converter 模拟/数字转换器analog signals 模拟信号anchor bolt 地角螺栓annex 附录（参考件）anti-rust agent 防锈漆anti-vibration bar 防振条anticipated operational occurrences 预期运行事件antifoam reagent 防泡剂appendix 附录（补充件）application program 应用程序arc-lamp 弧光灯armored cable 铠装电缆array 排列as-built drawing 竣工图aseismic joint 防震缝psr1 第 3 页4/26/2022603assessment 评价assessment of radiation protection 辐射防护评价atmospheric corrosion 大气腐蚀atmospheric overvoltage 大气过电压atmospheric radiation monitoring apparatus 大气辐射监测装置ATMS mitigation system ATMS 缓解系统audible count rate signal 计数率音响系统audit 监查audit plan 监查计划all volatile treatment 挥发处理ambient temperature 环境温度American Institute of Steel Construction 美国钢铁结构协会American Society for Testing and Material 美国材料与试验学会American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师学会Ammeter 电流表analog channel 模拟量通道analog input 模拟量输入analog output 模拟量输出analogue link 模拟接续线anion bed 阴离子床anti-whip device 管道防甩装置anti-seizer lubricant 防咬润滑剂anti-vibration bar 防震杆anticipated transient without scram(ATWS) 未能紧急停堆的预计瞬态apparent power 视在功率application package 应用软件包approval 批准，认可，审定area radiation monitoring system 区域辐射监测系统as low as reasonable achievable(ALARA) 合理可行尽量低assembler 汇编程序assessment of exposure 照射评价assignor 委托者，指派者asynchronous motor 异步电动机atmospheric dispersion factor 大气弥散因子atmospheric pressure 大气压力atmospheric stability 大气稳定度atom absorption spectroscopy 原子吸收谱audible signals 音响信号audit follow-up 监查后续行动audit record 监查记录circuit diagram 电路图circulating cooler 循环冷风机circulating cooling water energy disoersion 循环冷却水排放口消能系统circulating cooling water pumping station system 循环冷却水泵房系统circulating cooling water yard pipe network system 循环冷却水厂区管路系统circulation ratio 循环倍率civil works 土建工程civil construction/engineering 土木建筑/工程psr1 第3 页4/26/2022civil architecture 民用建筑civil hospital 地方医院civil service 行政事务cladding 包壳cladding flattening 包壳压扁clarification 澄清，净化classification of records 记录分类cleanout 清扫口clevis insert （堆内构件）镶块clock system 时钟系统closed circuit TV system 闭路电视系统closed-circulating cooling water 闭路循环冷却水closure head 顶盖coarse sand 粗砂coated electrode 药皮焊条cobalt-base alloy 钴基合金code case 规范案例code of federal regulation(CFR) 联邦管理法规coil stack assembly 线圈组件cold leg 冷段cold shutdown 冷停堆cold test 冷态试验cold-wall effect 冷壁效应collapse level 坍塌水位color code 色标commissioning 调试common base plate 公用底板common switchboard 公共配电盘communication system 通讯系统circular railway 环形轨道circulating cooling water drainage system 循环冷却水排放系统circulating cooling water intake system 循环冷却水吸入系统circulating cooling water treatment system 循环冷却水处理系统circulating water pump 循环水泵circumferential ridge 周向环脊clad pellet gap 包壳与芯块间的间隙cladding creep 包壳蠕变cladding strain 包壳应变clarifier 澄清槽cleaning 清水池climatology 清洗clear-water reservation 气候学clockwise 顺时针方向closed cycle cooling water system 闭式循环冷却水系统closing(circuit breaker) 合闸（断路器）coagulant 凝聚剂coast down flow 惯性流量coaxial cable 同轴电缆psr1 第 5 页4/26/2022605code 代码code controller 编码控制器coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数coil 线圈cold junction box 冷端补偿箱cold performance test 冷态性能试验cold startup 冷态启动cold void volume 冷空腔collapse 压扁collapse-fissure 塌陷裂缝collective dose equivalent 集体剂量当量command 命令committed dose equivalent 待积剂量当量common point 公共点communication link 通讯连接company standard 企业标准compartment 隔间，小室compensation 补偿compiler 编译程序completion certificate 完工证书compliance with requirements 符合要求component cooling water heat exchanger 设备冷却水热交换器component cooling water system 设备冷却水系统compressible flow 可压缩流computer network 计算机网络conceptual design 方案设计condensate cooler 凝结水冷却器condensate pump 凝结水泵condensate transfer pump 凝结水输送泵condenser vacuum system 冷凝器抽真空系统conducing wire 引出线conductor 导体，导线confidence 置信度confined point 约束点connection box 接线盒connection point 连接点conservation of energy 能量守衡conservation of momentum 动量守衡constant current power supply 恒流电源construction manager 工程经理construction quality 施工质量contractor 接触器containment air cleanup system 安全壳空气净化系统containment hydrogen recombiner system 安全壳消氢系统containment instrumentation system 安全壳仪表系统containment penetration 安全壳贯穿件containment reactor coolant drain system 安全壳疏排系统containment spray pump 安全壳喷淋泵psr1 第5 页4/26/2022compensated ionization chamber 补偿电离室compensation cable 补偿电缆complete logbook 全日志completion of erection release 安装完工证书component cooling water 设备冷却水component cooling water pump 设备冷却水泵component cooling water surge tank 设备冷却水波动箱composite structure 混合结构compressed air system 压缩空气系统concentrate storage tank 浓缩液储存箱condensate 凝结水condensate polishing system 凝结水净化系统condenser 冷凝器condition adverse to quality 不利于质量条件conductive integral 积分热导率conduit 电缆管，电线套configuration 配置conical head 锥形封头connection diagram 接线图connector 连接器conservation of mass 质量守恒console 控制台constant voltage power supply 恒压电源construction permit 建造许可证contact conductance 接触热导contained source 内在源containment hydrogen mixing system 安全壳氢气混合系统containment hydrogen ventilation system 安全壳氢气排风系统containment isolation signal 安全壳隔离信号containment purge ventilation system 安全壳清洗通风系统containment spray heat exchanger 安全壳喷淋热交换器containment spray signal 安全壳喷淋信号containment spray system heat exchanger 安全壳喷淋系统热交换器continuity 连续性contraction coefficient 收缩系数control 控制，调节control (rod) bank 调节棒组control (rod) cluster 控制棒组control board 控制盘control damper 控制风阀control logic cabinet 控制逻辑柜control of items 物项管理control rod 控制棒control rod drive line 控制棒驱动线control rod drive mechanism(CRDM) 控制棒驱动机构control rod ejection 弹棒control rod movement speed 控制棒移动速度control rod withdrawal 控制棒提升psr1 第7 页4/26/2022607control switch 控制开关controller area access personal dose monitoring and management system控制区出入口剂量监测和管理系统conventional island(CI) 常规岛converter 转换装置conveyer car 运输小车coolant flow rate 冷却剂流速coolant mixing 冷却剂交混cooler 冷却器cooling tower 冷却塔core area 堆芯区域core barrel cylinder 堆芯吊篮组件core configuration 堆芯布置core integrity 堆芯完整性core mixing subfactor 堆芯交混分因子core reflooding 堆芯再淹没core support pad 堆芯支承块containment spray system 安全壳喷淋系统containment sump 安全壳地坑content by weight 重量含量continuous welding 连接焊contraction pressure loss 收缩压力损失control (rod) assembly 控制棒组件control (rod) calibration 控制棒刻度control (rod) group 调节棒组control cable 控制电缆control level of surface contamination 表面污染控制水平control of purchased items 已购物项管理control rod control system 控制棒控制系统control rod drive line alignment 控制线对中control rod dropping time 控制棒落棒时间control rod guide thimble 控制棒导向管control rod position indication 控制棒棒位指示control volume 控制容积controlled area 控制区convection boiling 对流沸腾conventional island DC&AC UPS system 常规岛直流和交流电源系统conveyer belt 传送带coolant chemistry 冷却剂水化学coolant mass flow rate 冷却剂质量流量coolant specific enthalpy 冷却剂比焓cooling coil 冷却盘管cooling water 冷却水core average heat flux(density) 堆芯平均热通量core barrel flange 吊篮筒体法兰core flow subfactor 堆芯流量分因子core maximum heat flux 堆芯最大热通量core physics 堆芯物理core shell 筒体段，堆芯筒体psr1 第7 页4/26/2022core thermal design 堆芯热工设计core uncover 堆芯裸露core void fraction 芯空泡份额corridor 走廊corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion inhibitor addition tank 缓蚀剂添加箱corrosion rate 腐蚀速率cosmic radiation 宇宙射线counter area monitor 计数管区域监测仪coupling breaker 耦合开关cover 盖板CPU(central processing unit) 中央处理机CRDM cooling system 控制棒驱动机构冷却通风系统CRDM ventilation system 控制棒驱动机构通风系统crevice corrosion 缝隙腐蚀critical concentration 临界浓度critical exposure pathway 关键照射途径critical heat flux(CHF) 临界热流密度critical heat flux modified shape factor 临界热流密度形状修正因子critical load 危险载荷critical mass 临界质量critical mass flux 临界质量流密度critical size 临界尺寸critical volume 临界体积criticality alarm system 临界报警系统criticality safety 临界安全cross section 截面CRT (cathode-ray tube) 屏幕显示装置culvert 涵洞current density 电流密度cursor 光标cushion 垫层cut-off valve 断流阀DC hold cabinet 直流保持柜Dado 护壁板core unloading 堆芯卸料corrective action 纠正措施corrosion 腐蚀corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂corrosion medium 腐蚀介质corrosion product 腐蚀产物corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性cost benefit analysis 成本效益分析counter flow 反向流coupon 试块CRDM power supply system 棒电源系统CRDM adaptor 驱动机构管座CRDM ventilation shroud 驱动机构通风管座psr1 第9 页4/26/2022609Creep 蠕变creepage distance 表面漏电距离criterion 准则critical experiment 临界实验critical flow 临界流critical heat flux modified coldwall factor 临界热流密度冷壁修正因子critical heat flux modified spacer factor 临界热流密度格架修正因子critical mass flux 临界质量流量critical nuclide 关键核素critical transfer pathway 临界键转移途径criticality accident 临界事故criticality approach curve 接近临界曲线cross flow 横向流crossover leg U型管段cubicle 小室current curve versus time 电流波形图current transformer 电流互感器curvature 曲率cut-off energy 切割能cylindrical shell 筒形壳体DC stabilized power supply 直流稳压电源daily variation coefficient 日变化系数damper 风阀dashpot characteristics 缓冲特性dashpot region 缓冲区data acquisition and processing system 数据采集和处理系统data bus 数据总线data communication system 数据传输系统data organization 数据结构date of standard implementation 标准实施日期DC&AC UPS system 直流和交流不停电电源系统deborating demineralizer 除硼床decay 衰变decay constant 衰变常数decay tank 衰变箱decontamination 去污decontamination system 去污系统degradation 恶劣degree of subcooling 过冷度delay circuit module 延迟电路组件delayed neutron fraction 缓发中子份额delithium demineralizer 除锂床demineralized water 除盐水demineralizer 除盐装置demineralized pre-filter 床前过滤器densimeter 密度计density wave 密度波deoxygenated water 除氧水psr1 第9 页4/26/2022deoxygenated water pump 除氧水泵departure from film boiling DFB 偏离膜态沸腾departure from nuclear boiling ratio (DNBR) DNB 偏离核态沸腾？Depletion 燃耗，烧乏deposited corrosion product 沉积腐蚀产物deposition 沉积量depth of corrosion 腐蚀深度derived air concentration 导出空气浓度description for drawing up standard 标准编制说明dashpot action 缓冲作用dashpot drop time 缓冲落棒时间dashpot section 缓冲段data acquisition 数据采集data base 数据基础data channel 数据通道data file 数据文件data processing module 数据处理模块daughter product 子体产物dead band 死区debug 查错decay chain 衰变链decay heat 衰变热decommissioning 退役decontamination factor 去污因子deformation 畸变degree of enrichment 富集度degree of superheat 过热度delayed critical 缓发临界delayed neutron 缓发中子delta connection 三角形连接demineralizer after-filter 床后过滤器demography 人口统计学densification 密实化denting 凹陷deoxygenated water cooler 除氧水冷却器deoxygenated water tank 除氧水箱departure from nuclear boiling(DNB) 偏离核态沸腾depleted fuel 乏燃料deposit corrosion 沉积腐蚀deposited metal 熔敷金属depressurization 卸压depth of foundation 基础埋置深度derived limit 导出极限design assumption 设计假设design basis 设计基准design basis accident(DBA) 设计基准事故design basis source terms 设计基准源项design code 设计规范psr1 第11 页4/26/20226011design control 设计管理design interface control 设计接口管理design objective limit 设计目标限值design report 设计报告design specification 设计规范书design verification 设计验证designation of system 系统名称detail design 施工设计detector push-pull device 探测器推拉装置detector well 探测器孔道dialog keyboard 对话键盘dielectric strength 绝缘强度diesel generator set 柴油发电机组differential pressure controller 差压调节器differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器differential worth 微分价值diffuser 导叶diffusion coefficient 扩散系数digital filtering 数字滤波digital misalignment alarm module 数字失步报警dilution 稀释dimineralized water pump 除盐水泵direct grounding 直接接地direct outward dialing 直接外拨direction of welding 焊接方向disadvantage factor 不利因子discharge pump 排放泵disconnect 断连，断路disconnect plug 可拆接头dished head 碟形封头disinfection 消毒disk file 磁盘文件disk storage 磁盘存储器display 显示design basis event 设计基准事件design change 设计变更design condition 设计工况design for reactor core safety in NPP 核电厂堆芯安全设计design pressure 设计压力design review 设计审查design temperature 设计温度designation 名称desilting basin 沉砂池detection limit 探测限值detector storage tube 探测器存放管diagnostic program 诊断程序diaphragm valve 隔膜阀diesel generator 柴油发电机psr1 第11 页4/26/2022differential pressure gauge 差压计differential protection 差动保护differentiator module 微分器组件diffuser plate 流量分配板diffusion theory 扩散理论digital input 数字输入digital voltmeter module 数字电压表组件digital/anolog (D/A) converter 数/模转换器dilution factor 稀释因子direct burial 直埋direct inward dialing(DID) 直接内拨directory 目录discharge burnup 卸料燃耗discharge 卸料disconnect button 拆卸按钮disconnect rod 拆卸杆dished pellet 碟形芯块disk 磁盘disk operation system 磁盘操作系统dispersed flow 弥散流display frame 显示帧帽display operation station （显示）操作器distributed network 分布式网络distribution cabinet 分配柜distribution system 配水管DNB heat flux DNB 热流密度Document change 文件变更Document control manager 文件管理经理document preparation 文件编制document review 文件审查domestic water yard pipe network system 生活水厂区管网系统Doppler effect 多普勒效应Dose commitment 剂量负担Dose equivalent commitment 剂量当量负担Dose rate conversion factor 剂量率转换因子Double ended break 双端断裂Double hook 双钩double-pole single-throw(DPST) switch 双极单掷开关downhand welding 平焊draft standard for approval 标准待批稿drain flash tank 扩容器drain tank 疏水箱drawing 图纸drawing volume list 图册目录drip pan 集油盘drive shaft assembly 驱动轴部件drop time 落棒时间droplet entraiment 液滴夹带psr1 第13 页4/26/20226013dry bulb temperature 干球温度dry-insulated transformer 干式绝缘变压器dryer 干燥器dryout 干涸dual-frequency simplex operation 共频单工操作duckwork 管网duplication 复制，转储dye penetrant examination 着色渗透检查distributed computer system 分布式计算机系统distribution box 配电柜distribution list 分发清单division 篇document approval 文件批准document control 文件管理document distribution 文件分发document retention 文件保存domestic water 生活水domestic sewage 生活污水Doppler coefficient 多普勒系数dose assessment 剂量评价dose equivalent 剂量当量dose equivalent limit 剂量当量限值dosemeter reader 剂量计读数器double fume chamber and hood 双位通风柜double period 倍增周期double-pulse generator 双脉冲发生器double-reeling system 双卷绕系统downstream 下游draft standard for examination 标准送审稿drain recovery tank 疏水回收箱drawer 抽屉drawing list 图纸目录drift flux 漂移流密度drive shaft 驱动轴drive unit 驱动机构droplet 液滴drum 卷筒dry deposition 干沉降dry-type transformer 干式变压器drying oven 干燥箱，烘干箱，烘箱，干燥炉dual trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器dual-tone multifrequency 双音多频duct 风管duplex transceiver 双工收发信机duration time 持续时间dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic instability 动力学不稳定性psr1 第13 页4/26/2022earth leakage protection 接地保护earthing 接地earthing system 接地系统earthquake subsidence 震陷ejector 喷射器effective dose equivalent 有效剂量当量effective flow rate 有效流量effluent radiation monitoring system 排出流辐射监测系统(rod)ejection accident 弹棒事故elastic scattering 弹性散射electric dispatch network 电力调度网electric heater 电加热器electric monorail hoist 单轨电动葫芦electric building 电气厂房electric building cooler system 电气厂房循环冷风机组系统electric building ventilation system 电气厂房通风系统electrical conduit 引出线管electrical penetration 电气贯穿件electromagnetic braker 电磁制动器electro-slag remelting 电渣重熔electro-sound telephone system 检修电话系统electrotechnical box 电气箱ellipsoidal head 椭圆形封头emergency announcement 紧急通知emergency control room system 应急控制室emergency diesel generator building water supply and drainage system应急柴油发电机厂房给排水系统emergency disk braker 应急盘式制动器emergency drain 应急疏水emergency feedwater tank 应急给水箱emergency outlet 事故排出口dynamic balance 动平衡动压头dynamic head 动压头dynamic parameter 动态参数earth return 大地回馈earthing resistance 接地电组earthquake 地震editor 编辑程序effective delayed neutron fraction 缓发中子份额effective full power days 等效满功率天egg crate grid 蛋篓型格架ejector 抽气器electret microphone 驻极体传声器electric furnace 电炉electric horn 电喇叭electric-hydraulic actuating brake 电磁液压制动器electric building smoker exhaust system 电气厂房排烟系统electric building water supply and drainage system 电气厂房给排水系统psr1 第15 页4/26/20226015electrical panel 配电屏electroacoustic component 电声元件electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁流量计electronic pocket dosimeter 电子式袖珍剂量计elevation 立面embedded part 预埋件emergency boration 紧急硼化emergency core cooling 应急堆芯冷却emergency diesel generator room ventilation system 应急柴油发电机通风系统emergency diesel generation system 应急柴油发电机系统emergency exposure 应急照射emergency oil pump 应急油泵emergency power 应急电源emergency power source(or supply) 应急电源emergency telephone system 应急自动电话系统emergency trip time 紧急停堆时间enclosed motor 封闭式电机，防水电动机end of life(EOL) 寿期末end truck 端梁end-of travel limit switch 行程终端限位开关energization 通电energy level 能级energy response 能量响应engineer station 工程师站engineering company 工程公司engineering enthalpy rise factor 工程焓升因子engineering manual 工程手册enriched 浓缩的enriched uranium 浓缩铀enrichment 浓缩度，富集度enthalpy rise factor 焓升因子enthalpy rise uncertainty factor 焓升不确定因子environment qualification 环境鉴定environment monitoring vehicle 环境监测车epicenter 震中equilibrium enrichment 平衡富集度equipment hatch 设备闸门equipotential connection 等电压连接equivalent diameter 当量直径escape rate coefficient 逃脱率系数essential chilled water system 重要冷冻水系统essential service water pump 重要厂用水泵essential service water yard pipe network 重要厂用水厂区管路系统evaporator 蒸发器event 事件examination 检验excess letdown heat exchanger 过剩下泄热交换器emergency shutdown 紧急停堆psr1 第15 页4/26/2022emergency transfer equipment 应急电源转换设备end of cycle 循环末end plug 端塞end-of erection state report 安装完工报告end-window counter 钟罩形计数管energy group 能群energy resolution 能量分辨率energy spectrum 能谱engineering heat flux hot spot factor 工程热通量热点因子engineering factor 工程因子engineering heat flux hot channel factor 工程热通量热管因子enriched fuel 富集燃料enriched uranium reactor 浓缩铀反应堆enthapy rise engineering hot channel factor 焓升工程热管因子entrainment 夹带environmental monitoring 环境监测environmental assessment(EA) 环境评价environmental quality(EQ) 环境质量epithermal neutron 超热中子equilibrium poisoning 平衡中毒equipment list 设备明细表equivalent core diameter 堆芯等效直径erosion corrosion 磨损腐蚀escape 泄漏，逃逸essential service water intake filteration system 重要厂用水取水过滤系统essential service water pumping station system 重要厂用水泵房系统evaporative air cooling(EA V) unit 蒸发式空气冷却机组ex-core instrumentation 堆外测量excess letdown 过剩下泄excess power 超功率excitation 励磁exhaust cleanup unit(ECU) 排风净化机组exhaust hole 排气孔expansion joint 膨胀结合，伸缩缝expansion tank 膨胀水箱expert's opinion 专家意见external exposure 外照射external load 外负荷face of weld 焊缝正面failed fuel assembly location detecting system 破损燃料足见定位检测系统failure detector module 故障检测元件fast connector 快拆接头fast fission factor 快裂变因子fast neutron flux 快中子通量feasibility study 可行性研究feed water heater 给水加热器feed water storage tank 给水箱feedwater inlet nozzle 给水进口管嘴psr1 第17 页4/26/20226017fiberglass 玻璃纤维field change 现场修改file 文件fill 充注fillet welding 角焊film boiling 膜态沸腾filter 滤池final acceptance 最终验收final safety analysis report(FSAR) 最终安全分析报告fire alarm 失火报警fire break 防火墙fire damper 防火阀fire extinction agent 灭火剂（器）fire fighting foam system 泡沫消防系统fire hose 消防水龙带fire proof installation 防火设施fire protection 消防excess reactivity 过剩反应性exclusion area boundary 禁区边界exhaust fan 排风机exhausting smoke fan 排烟风机expansion ring 膨胀环expert's report 专家报告external contamination 外污染external interface 外部接口external pressure 外压face plate 面板failed fuel fraction 破损燃料份额failure 失效，故障，损坏fan 风机fast neutron fluence 快中子通量fault 故障，事故feed water 给水feed water pump 给水泵feeder 馈电线feeder ring 给水环管field 字段field inspection 巡回检查filing 归档filler metal 填充金属film badge 胶片剂量计filter 过滤器fin 散热片final acceptance report 最终验收报告final storage of document 文件最终储存fine sand 细砂fire annihilation protecting equipment 熄火保护装置fire extinction 灭火psr1 第17 页4/26/2022fire extinction pump 消防泵fire-fighting water 消防水fire hydrant 消火栓fire protection water system 消防水系统fire rating 耐火等级fire resistant 耐火的fire stopping wall 挡火墙first core 第一堆芯fissile nucleus 易裂变核fission chain 裂变链fission chamber(miniature) 裂变室（微型）fission energy 裂变能fission gas 裂变气体fission product 裂变产物fission source 裂变源fission yield 裂变产额fitting 配件fixed radio station 无线固定台flame arrester 阻火器flame resistant 耐火焰的flange welding 卷边焊flare groove welding 喇叭型坡口焊flashing 闪蒸flask ,cask 屏蔽容器flexible connection 柔性连接flexible coupling 挠性联轴器，挠性接头float charge 浮充电floating point 浮点flooding 淹没floor drain 楼面疏水floppy disk 软盘flow diagram （工艺）流程图flow distribution plate 流量分配板flow instability 流动不稳定性flow restrictor 限流器flow-head cure 流量-扬程曲线flush pump 冲洗泵flushing water 冲洗水flux density 通量密度flux flattening 通量展平flux instrumentation guide tube 通量测量导向管follow-up action 后续行动forced circulation 强迫循环fire stop 阻火件first collision probability 首次碰撞几率first out alarm 首发报警fission and corrosion product activity 裂变和腐蚀产物活度fission cross section 裂变截面psr1 第19 页4/26/20226019fission fragment 裂变碎片fission neutron 裂变中子fission rate 裂变率fission spectrum 裂变谱fissionable 可裂变的fixed point 固定点fixed tube 固定套管flammable 易燃的flanged connection 法兰连接flare test （传热管）扩口试验flashing alarm 闪光报警flat head 平封头flexible cord 柔线float type flowmeter 浮子流量计floatation 气浮池flood light 泛光灯，探照灯floor contamination monitor 地面污染监测仪floor drain tank 楼面疏水箱flow coastdown 惯性流量下降flow distribution 流量分配flow induced vibration 流致振动flow lift force 流动升力flow transmitter 流量变送器fluorescent lamp 荧光灯flush-mounted 镶嵌，暗装flux 通量flux distribution 通量分布flux gradient 通量梯度flux map 通量分布图food chain 事物链foreground 前台foreign material 杂质forging 锻造former 辐板（堆芯围板的径向支撑板）fracture mechanics 断裂力学framework 框架，构架frequency analysis 频谱分析fresh water 淡水fretting wear 微振磨损front computer 前置计算机functional assignment 职责分工fuel assembly 燃料组件fuel assembly visual inspection equipment 燃料组件目视检查装置fuel building bridge 燃料厂房桥架fuel building ventilation system 燃料厂房通风系统fuel burnup 燃料燃耗fuel column 燃料柱fuel cycle lifetime 燃料循环寿期psr1 第19 页4/26/2022fuel element failure accident 燃料元件破碎事故fuel loading and unloading 装料与卸料fuel mispositioning accident 错装料事故fuel pool bridge 燃料抓取机（燃料池桥架）fuel shipping container rig 燃料运输容器吊具fuel swelling 燃料肿胀fuel transfer system 燃料运输系统fuel tube 燃料包壳管full penetration welding 全透焊逢full-load torque 满载能力function test 功能试验fuse 熔断器fuse switch 熔断器开关fusion welding 熔焊gantry 龙门架gap conductance 间隙导热forged parts 锻制件format 格式化fouling coefficient 污垢系数frame 框架free-standing cladding 自立式包壳frequency meter 频率计，周波表fretting corrosion 激振腐蚀friction coefficient 摩擦系数friction loss 摩擦损失front panel 前面板fuel 燃料组件fuel assembly sipping device 燃料组件啜吸装置fuel basket 燃料篮fuel building 燃料厂房fuel building crane 燃料厂房起重机fuel building water supply and drainage system 燃料厂房给排水系统fuel cluster 燃料棒束fuel cycle 燃料循环fuel element 燃料元件fuel handling system 燃料装卸系统fuel inventory 燃料装量fuel management 燃料管理fuel pellet 燃料芯块fuel rod 燃料棒fuel storage, transportation and inspection system 燃料储运和检验系统fuel transfer shielding 燃料运输屏蔽fuel transfer tube 燃料运输通道full penetration weld 全穿透焊full power 满功率function key 功能键foundation ring 基础环fuse isolator 熔断器闸刀psr1 第21 页4/26/20226021gantry crane 龙门吊gas accumulated flowmeter 气体累计流量计gas chromatograph 气体色谱gas heater 气体加热器gas stripper 脱气塔gas stripping 脱气gaseous sample 气体取样gaseous waste treatment system 气体废物处理系统gear coupling 齿轮联轴器Geiger-Muller counter 盖革/弥勒管general corrosion 全面腐蚀general standard 通用标准generation 生成genetic effect 遗传效应geography 地理girth welding 环缝焊接glass dosimeter 玻璃剂量计glove box 手套箱governor valve 调节阀grain-size 晶粒度graphic package 图形软件包graphic screen 图形显示屏Gray code 葛莱码Gray/Gy 戈瑞grid cell 定位格架栅元grid telephone network 电网通话网络groove （焊接）坡口groove welding 坡口焊ground water 地下水grounding conductor 接地导体grounding wire 接地线group display 成组显示guide 导则guide rail 导向轨道guide tube 导向管guide tube support plate 压紧顶帽（导向管支撑板）habitability area （可）居留区hand hole 手孔handrail 扶手gas cooler 气体冷却器gas insulated switchgear(GIS) 气体绝缘开关装置gas stripping unit 脱气装置gaseous space 气空间gasket 垫片gate valve 闸阀gear reducer 齿轮减速器general arrangement 厂房总布置图general scientillation counter 通用闪烁计数器psr1 第21 页4/26/2022generator & main transformer system 发电机和主变压器系统girder 主梁gland packing 压盖填料globe valve 截止阀go pulse 启动脉冲grab sampling 手选取样graphic display 图形显示graphic printer 图形打印机gravelly sand 砾砂Gray code shaper 葛莱码整形器Grid 电网，栅栏grid spring 定位格架gripper 抓具groove angle 坡口角度ground fault 接地不良grounded electrode 接地电极grounding resistance 接地电阻groundwater level 地下水位group selector 组选择器guide cylinder 导流筒guide vane 导向管hand and foot monitor 手足监测仪handling opening 吊装孔hands-free speaking telephone set 免提扬声电话hanger 支吊架hard copy printer 硬拷贝打印机harmful effect 有害影响head block assembly 定滑轮组head flange insulation 顶盖法兰保温层heat tracing(electric) 加热保温（电）heading 标题health physics program 保健物理大纲heat(or ladle) analysis 熔炼分析heat balance 热平衡heat conductivity 热导率heat exchanger 热交换器heat flux 热通量heat load 热负荷heat transfer coefficient 热交换系数heater 加热器heating ventilation and air conditioning 采暖通风及空调helium leak check 氦气检漏hexadecimal 十六进制的high energy pipe 高能管道high efficient filter 高效过滤器high range gamma radiation monitor for accident 事故用高量程￥辐射监测仪high voltage power supply 高压电源high-pressure ionization chamber 高压电离室psr1 第23 页4/26/20226023high-purity germanium 高纯锗hold down spring 压紧弹簧环hold point 停工待检点hood 通风柜horizontal acceleration 水平加速度horizontal pipe 横管horn loudspeaker 号筒扬声器hot channel factor 热管因子hot laundry ventilation system 洗衣房通风系统hot point factor 热点因子hot sink 热井hardware 硬件hazardous atmosphere 危险环境head dome insulation 顶盖球冠保温层head loss 水头损失head 封头headset 头戴式送受话器health physics system 保健物理系统heat affected zone 热影响区heat capacity 热容heat diffusion 热扩散heat flow rate 热流量heat generation 释热heat sink 热井heat treatment 热处理heating coil 加热盘管heavy oil 重油helical-wrap drive cable 螺旋形驱动电缆hemispherical head 半球形封头high efficiency particulate and air filter 高效过滤器high neutron flux trip 中子高通量紧急停堆high range ionization chamber area gamma monitor 高量程电离室区域γ监测high-level noble gas gamma monitor 高放惰性气体γ监测仪hoist speed 提升速度hold-down support assembly 压紧支撑结构hold-up tank 暂存箱hook 吊钩horizontal guide wheel 水平导向轨horizontal position welding 横焊hot cell 热室hot channel 热通道hot leg 热段hot performance test 热态性能试验hot shutdown 热停堆hot spot factor 热点因子hot standby 热备用hot test 热态试验hot water system 热水系统psr1 第23 页4/26/2022。

烟台大学2015～2016学年第 2 学期核能专业英语 试卷A考试时间：100分钟一、 共18分 (1.1题8分，1.2题10分)1.1 One promising fusion machine, the tokamak , achieves magnetic confinement in a doughnut-shaped structure. Research is also under way on inertial confinement, in which laser beams or charged particle beams cause the explosion of miniature D-T pellets. Other possible concepts are a hybrid fission-fusion reactor and neutron-free reaction such as that with 2 H and 3He.一个有前途的聚变装置托卡马克实现了圆饼圈形状的磁约束。

惯性约束研究也在进行，激光束或带电粒子束引起氘-氚微球爆炸。

其他可能的概念是裂变-聚变混合堆和诸如氚和氦-3的自由中子反应。

1.2 The principal modes by which fission energy is transferred in a reactor are conduction and convection. The radial temperature distribution in a fuel pellet is approximately parabolic. The rate of heat transfer from fuel surface to coolant by convection is directly proportional to the temperature difference. The allowed power level of a reactor is governed by the temperatures at local "hot spots." Coolant flow along channels extracts thermal energy and delivers it to an external circuit consisting of a heat exchanger (PWR), a steam turbine that drives an electrical generator, a steam condenser, and various pumps.反应堆中裂变能传输的主要方式是传导和对流。