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2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Word Derivation(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The 1among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：harmony）【解析】(句意：盟国间关系和睦，这对敌军而言已不是秘密。
harmony协调；和睦；融洽。
由后面的was可知，此处需要使用其单数形式。
)2.The situation there was 1. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：intolerable）【解析】(句意：那的情况令人无法忍受，我们必须立刻采取行动。
由后面"必须立刻做一些事情"可以得知前面所表达的情况是令人难以忍受的，显然was后要用形容词，所以此处应填intolerable。
)3.This is made of 1material.(resist heat)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：healt resistant）【解析】(句意：它由耐热材料制作而成。
此处显然需要一个形容词，heat resistant耐热的，耐高温的。
)4.She was a very 1 social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observant）【解析】(句意：她是一位观察力敏锐的社会科学家，她证实除了利己主义，人类还有其它本能。
科目代码：611四川外国语大学XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：基础英语答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。
全卷150分，3小时完成。
I.Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the appropriate words derived from the words given in the parentheses at the end of the sentences,and write the answers on the Answer Sheet.(15points)1.The International Monetary Fund was established in to the irresponsible monetary practices that contributed to the Great Depression.(react)2.Some scholars have called for an in-depth of the social construction and use of the concept itself.(investigate)3.All cultural translation necessitates some and simplification.(interpret)4.It is important to note the between method and methodology.Method refers to the range of techniques that are available to us to collect evidence about the social world. Methodology,however,concerns the research strategy as a whole.(distinct)5.Modern state boundaries are largely a of colonial histories and rivalries.(reflect)6.Wealth and in this view are two sides of the same coin.(poor)7.The process of spatial thinking involves a continuum from spatial,through spatial perception and spatial reasoning,and finally to spatial judgment.(aware)8.Prescriptive theory recommends the of particular policies to realize objectives. (adopt)9.An hour sitting with a pretty girl on a park bench passes like a minute,but a minute sitting ona hot stove seems like an hour.That is.(relative)10.Great spirits have always encountered violent from mediocre minds.(oppose)11.Limitations of computation have been studied thoroughly from both practical andpoints of view.(theory)12.A illness confined him to bed for over a month.(mystery)13.The practical application of urban ecology is tied closely to ideas associated with development of cities.(sustain)14.A frequent misconception about globalization holds that it always is.(benefit)15.Contemporary Bulgarians have achieved excellence in many art forms,and some of theirartists,such as opera singers,have gained worldwide.(recognize)II.There are15incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then write the answers on the Answer Sheet.(15points)1.In The Art of Rhetoric Aristotle up rhetoric into the stages in which arguments areproduced,arranged,and expressed in discourse—namely,invention,composition,and style.A.realizedB.recognizedC.woundD.divided2.There are two broadly views about the nature of knowledge,or what we callcompeting paradigms.A.diverseB.decimalC.divergentD.deficit3.The third key advantage for adopting a multi-strategy approach in your research is that it islikely to assist you in gaining a complete of the matter you are investigating.A.overviewB.overlookC.overseeD.oversize4.If matter could be entirely to energy,a single paper clip would provide the same energy as the atomic bomb that destroyed the Japanese city Hiroshima.A.contributedB.connectedC.conveyedD.converted5.The1960s and1970s also the creation of many new states as former colonies in the Caribbean,Africa,and Asia achieved their formal political independence from colonial powers.A.alteredB.shapedC.filedD.witnessed6.The word democracy from the Greek words meaning“the people”and“to rule.”A.originatesB.infersC.judgesD.inherits7.When birth rates drop below death rates,a society experiences population growth.A.positiveB.activeC.negativeD.vigorous8.He emigrated to the USA in1933and he never visited Germany again.A.for allB.for goodC.far fromD.so far9.A baby born at seven months is considered because it has not developed fully.A.prematureB.normalC.prevalentD.odd10.Explaining why something happens involves a“cause”and a“result.”A.peelingB.mediatingC.initiatingD.identifying11.Clear ideas,then,are ideas that faithfully reflect the objective order from which they derive.Unclear ideas,,are those that give us a distorted representation of the objective world.A.converselyB.franklyC.conventionallyD.ridiculously12.As death rates dropped,the populations of industrializing countries increased dramatically.This change was also accompanied by a from the extended family to the nuclear family.A.preferenceB.favorC.shiftD.shaft13.He considers that the theory of Evolution is quite with the belief in a God.pulsoryB.priorpatibleD.superior14.Insufficient sample size may lead to conclusions.A.soundB.validC.rationalD.erroneous15.In particular,when a solid object is completely in water,the volume of the waterdisplaced must be equal to the volume of the object.A.immersedB.divedC.bathedD.soakedIII.CLOSE(20points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Write the best choice for each blank on the Answer Sheet.In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil,all the trees have been cut down.The earth lies1and dry in the hot sun.Nothing grows there anyhow.Over vast areas of every__2__,the rain forest and vegetation necessary for life are __3__.Already more than50percent of the earth’s land is desert or desert-like.About128 million people,one out of seven,live in these dry regions.In the past,they4to survive, but with difficulty.Now,largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is5by the slow,steady spread of the earth’s desert.Many countries first became6in the1920s after terrible drought and famine __7__Africa’s Sahel,the fragile desert along the south edge of the Sahara.Thousands of people died__8__there was a worldwide effort to send food and medicine to the__9__people.Droughts and crop10are not new in desert regions.They have been a__11__of life for thousands of years.Few people lived in desert regions in the past.They kept few animals,and they moved__12__.Today’s problems are caused__13__great part by distinctly modern factors.In the Sahel,for example,Africans14from improvements in public health and modern farming methods.New water wells__15__people to settle down on the land near the wells.The population grew.Farmers planted more crops and enlarged their16 of cattle,sheep,and goats.They became17on the new wells.When the__18__came, the crops failed and the cattle ate all the grass around the overworked__19__.The fragile land quickly lost its topsoil and then,became__20__but sand and dust.1. A.smooth B.bare C.vacant D.empty2. A.continent B.crust C.territory D.peninsula3. A.dying B.extending C.disappearing D.stretching4. A.managed B.resolved C.afforded D.yearned5. A.inspired B.threatened C.risked D.hailed6. A.confirmed B.concerned C.conformed D.confessed7. A.destroyed B.elevated C.spoiled D.intensified8. A.nevertheless B.so that C.in case D.even though9. A.undermining B.declining C.requiring D.starving10. A.defeats B.yields C.failures D.frustrations11. A.crisis B.necessity C.fact D.threat12. A.abnormally B.frequently C.concretely D.linearly13. A.in B.for C.on D.from14. A.stemmed B.derived C.skipped D.benefited15. A.tied B.made C.encouraged D.limited16. A.swarms B.packs C.schools D.herds17. A.attached B.dependent C.relied D.reliable18. A.drought B.danger C.famine D.problem19. A.crops B.wells C.rivers D.farms20. A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.somethingIV.OULINE(10points)Read the following passage,and then fill in the blanks in the follow-up outline for the passage.Write the outline on the Answer Sheet.Make sure that each component of the outline is completed in a FULL sentence,that your sentences are as SUMMARY as possible,and that the original sequence and directing words of the outline are NOT CHANGED.People are mistaken who believe the high Rockies are hard to climb.To the traveler who has passed through the plains of Kansas and eastern Colorado,the high Rockies might seem like a beautiful but forbidding wilderness,approachable by only the toughest mountaineers.It is true that the53peaks in the Rockies that soar over14,000feet in elevation should only be attempted by seasoned climbers.However,the peaks under14,000feet,the fourteeners,can be easily climbed by the average person.Actually,climbing Colorado’s fourteeners is hardly a rugged experience because most of them take only a day to climb,involve no more than hiking and simple scrambling,and are conquered by many people each year.Surprisingly,unlike expeditions to Mt.McKinley or Mt.Everest,a climb up one of Colorado’s14,000foot peaks rarely takes more than a day.Pike’s Peak,with the state’s greatest base-to-summit elevation gain,is admittedly a strenuous climb,yet a retired college professor in his middle seventies makes the hike every day in the summer.A friend of mine,Carson Black,in a day,once climbed four fourteeners,three of which—Crestone Peak,Crestone Needle,and Kit Carson Peak—are the most challenging in the state.Even more revealing is the Bicentennial celebration by the Colorado Mountain Club.It planned to have members on the summit of every fourteener in the state on July4,1976.Only a handful of ascents took more than a day.Colorado’s14,000-foot peaks are also fairly easy to climb because they require no special climbing techniques.The“knife-edge traverse”on Capitol Peak is probably the most infamous challenge,yet most hikers who carry ropes don’t use them when they see the ridge is not very intimidating.The highest peak in the state,Mt.Elbert,is so simple to climb that a jeep made it in1949,and one man“rode a24-year-old bicycle to the summit in1951”(Perry Eberhart and Philip Schmuck,The Fourteeners,p.38).I personally saw two motorcycles on the14,000-foot ridge between Mt.Democrat and Mt.Lincoln.Another indication that climbing Colorado’s highest peaks is not very difficult is the sheer number of people who succeed each summer.After descending from Torrey’s Peak one weekend in August,I counted over seventy cars in the parking lot.On a week the previous August,I passed fifty people in various stages of climbing Mt.Elbert.Even years ago—in1968—4226people climbed Longs Peak(Paul W.Nesbit,Longs Peak,p.68).Its parking lot today,to accommodate the number of climbers,is about a quarter-mile long.If I’ve shattered your belief that Colorado’s peaks are the domain of only bears and mountain men who look like bears,consider how Zebulon Pike might feel about Pikes Peak today.In1806,he“predicted that the mountain would never be climbed”(Eberhart and Schmuck,p.6).Now,via the cog railway or the toll highway,he could reach the summit without moving his legs.I.IntroductionThesis Statement:II.BodyA.Body Paragraph1:B.Body Paragraph2:C.Body Paragraph3:III.Conclusion:V.READING COMPREHENSION(90points)READING PASSAGE1Questions1-11are based on the following passage.1Each year,business executives around the world struggle to find original and catchy names for their companies and their companies’products.According to business experts,these decisions are among the most important decisions that firms ever make.A name is the first point of contact that a company has with the world,and it can be an effective marketing tool. And respected names have value.When a company is sold,there is often a fee for transferring the company name to the new owners.The rights to the names Indian Motorcycles and Pan Am Airlines were sold years after those companies went s are so important that some companies hire special naming firms that develop a list of names,test them at focus groups,screen them to be sure they are available,and then trademark the final selections.How do firms decide on names?Here are a few of the ways companies play the name game:2Some companies choose straightforward names.These may include the name or names of the founders(Proctor&Gamble,Hewlett Packard),the place where they first did business (Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing,Mutual of New York),or their primary products (General Electric,General Motors).To make a straightforward name memorable,though,is a challenge.3Some companies are mainly identified by initials.International Business Machines is almost universally called IBM,American Telephone and Telegraph has become AT&T and Kentucky Fried Chicken has consciously chosen to be known as KFC.In some cases,though,it is not exactly clear what the initials stand for:The computer company NBI’s initials stand for “Nothing But Initials.”Or take the case of IKEA,the Swedish design firm:The initials IK come from the name of the founder,Ingvar Komrat.The E comes from the name of his familyfarm,Elmtaryd,and the A comes from the nearby town of Agunnaryd.Some firms create names by a process called“morpheme construction,”first shortening and then fusing parts of the company’s full names.For example,United information Systems is generally referred to as Unisys and Federal Express as FedEx.FedEx saved money with its new name too:the shorter name cost$1,000less to paint on each of the company’s10,000trucks.Some companies use unusual spellings of common names:Cingular for Singular,Citibank for City Bank,and Sunkist for Sun Kissed.4Some companies choose names that are inspired by other company names.According to the founder of the Carnation Evaporated Milk Company,the name for his product was suggested,strangely enough,by a brand of cigars known as Carnations.Steve Jobs,founder of Apple Computers,was a Beatles fan,and he named his company after Apple Records,the label founded by the Beatles.This“borrowing”is perfectly legal as long as the two companies are not in the same line of business.(Reportedly,Steve Jobs had to sign an agreement not to produce records.)However,in some cases,company lawyers have said that use of their name, or even part of their name,results in“dilution”of the strength of that name,and they have sued other companies to prevent this.Toys-B-Us,for example,has tried to protect the“Fi-Us”portion of their name even when it has been applied to completely different products,such as cheese or flowers or guns,and McDonald’s has tried to prevent companies from using the“Mc”prefix that has been used for many of their products.5Some firms have chosen names that have nothing to do with their business.Apple is not in the fruit business;it makes computers.Bed Pepper does not sell spices;it sells software. Domino’s has nothing to do with games;it makes pizza.A number of companies have chosen off-the-wall or playful names for their products.There are those naming experts who warn against this,saying that consumers will not take these seriously,and in the case of , they may have been right:This women’s fashion company went bankrupt in no time.However, ,Google,and Yahoo!have succeeded despite—or maybe because of—their unusual names.6Some corporations have turned to other languages for names.A company or product name may come from Latin(Aquafina bottled water,Avis car rentals,Volvo automobiles)or Greek (Amphion multimedia,Oreo cookies),Spanish(El Pollo Loco fast food restaurants,Fuego technology),Danish(Haagen-Dazs ice cream),or Hawaiian(Akamai internet technology). Other companies borrow from mythology:Nike shoes,Ajax cleanser,and Midas mufflers are all named after figures in classical myths.7Some names are totally invented.One advantage for a corporation in making up a name is that this name is then the unambiguous property of the company,and it is easy to trademark. Some of these coined names,while not real words,are suggestive of actual words.For example, Nyquil,a brand of cough medicine meant to be taken at night,suggests the words night and tranquil.Aleve,a pain medicine,is reminiscent of the word relieve,and Acura is similar to the word accurate.Other coined names are completely meaningless:Exxon,Kodak,Xerox,and SONY are examples of successful names of this type.Not all coined names are well liked.Thefamed entrepreneur Donald Trump once said that the corporate name Allegis sounded like“a world class disease.”That’s because the names of so many diseases—arthritis,gingivitis, encephalitis—end in-is.8Choosing good names becomes more difficult when a firm markets internationally.Today, through the Internet,even small businesses often do business in several countries.Sometimes the leap from one language to another can be positive;the Chinese pictogram for the sounds of the name Coca-Cola contains the words for“delicious”and“leisure.”More often,though,a problem occurs.The classic example of an international naming gaffe is that of the General Motors car called the d for an exploding star,the Nova was a reliable car,but its sales were never brisk in Spanish-speaking countries.This was supposedly because Nova could be read as no va in Spanish,meaning“It does not go.”In German,the word mist means dirt or manure,so Country Mist makeup and the nasal spray Primatene Mist had to be renamed for the German market.A food company literally made a big mistake when it named a burrito Burrada. (Burrada means“big mistake”in Spanish.)Bran Buds,a type of breakfast cereal,sounds like “burnt farmers”in Swedish,and the word Dainty,the name of a type of soap,sounds like the word for“aloof”in Finnish and like the word for“stupid”in Farsi.Firms and products from English-speaking countries are not the only ones with problematic names:Bimbo bread from Spain,Zit soft drinks from Greece,Creap coffee creamer from Japan,Swine chocolates from China,and Pocari Sweat sports drink from Japan may do well in their regional markets,but would probably not be very successful in English-speaking countries.The name of the Japanese computer maker Toshiba sounds like“tou-chu-ba”to speakers of Mandarin Chinese. This phrase means“Let’s steal it.”9The lessons from naming mix-ups is that global marketers must do their homework.They must make sure that the names they choose are easy to pronounce and that they do not have any negative linguistic or cultural meanings in the target language.For large international businesses—in fact,for any company of any size—playing the name game is a serious business.1.According to the reading,what role do focus groups play in naming companies and products?A.They help naming companies determine if a name is acceptable.B.They think up original,attractive names.C.They make sure that a name has not already been trademarked.D.They select names from a list.2.What does the author say about Kentucky Fried Chicken?A.It may change its name in the near future.B.It has tried to prevent its name from being shortened.C.It prefers to be known by initials rather than by its full name.D.It may soon merge with another corporation.3.What do the initials E and A refer to in the name IKEA?A.Nothing;they are meaningless initials.B.They refer to the founder’s first and last names.C.They are the first letters of the Swedish words for desig n and firm.D.They refer to the founder’s farm and a nearby town.4.Which of the following name changes is an example of morpheme construction?A.3M in place of Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing.B.Nabisco in place of National Biscuit Company.C.Widget Works International in place of the U.S.Widget Corporation.D.Nu Foto Studios in place of New Photo Studios.5.When Federal Express changed its name to FedEx,which of the following could be reduced?A.The cost of painting its trucks.B.The number of trucks that it owned.C.The number of drivers that it employed.D.The size of the trucks that it used.6.What did Steve Jobs reportedly have to agree to when he named his company Apple?A.Not to perform in a musical group.B.To pay a fee to the Beatles for the use of their name.C.Not to go into the recording business.D.To produce only computers.7.Which of these names for a new company would Toys-R-Us probably object to?A.Toys-R-Fun.B.McToys,Inc..C.Games-R-Us.D.Chocolates-4-U.8.What is learned in the reading about ?A.It now makes men’s fashions as well as women’s fashions.B.It was not in business for long.C.Today it has a more conventional name.D.Although naming experts thought it was a poor name,it turned out to be successful.9.Which of these questions can NOT be answered by reading the sixth paragraph of the reading?A.What language does the name Akamai come from?B.What do the names Nike,Ajax,and Midas have in common?C.What does the word Urea mean in Greek?D.What type of product does the Haagen-Dazs company make?10.Which of these product names can be translated in an unintended way in TWO languages?A.Bran Buds cereal.B.Dainty soap.C.Country Mist makeup.D.Toshiba computers.11.Translate the following sentences which is from the end of the first paragraph of thepassage.Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.Names are so important that some companies hire special naming firms that develop a list of names,test them at focus groups,screen them to be sure they are available,and then trademark the final selections.How do firms decide on names?Here are a few of the ways companies play the name game:READING PASSAGE2Questions12-22are based on the following passage.1Cars today are smart.No,they may not be smart enough to change their own oil or find the lost coins in their seats,but they are smart and getting smarter.The average car today has more computing power than the1969Apollo11spacecraft that carried the first astronauts to the moon.Every car produced today has at least one computer for monitoring fuel consumption and pollution controls.The average car uses twelve computerized devices,and high-end cars have many more,controlling everything from the sunroof to the braking system.In the near future,cars may be virtually stuffed with computer chips from front fender to taillight.That’s because motorists enjoy computerized gadgets,and providing these little devices is cheaper for automakers than building a better engine or making other engineering changes that might actually be more important.2Many of the smart features we are seeing today are safety-related.Some are systems to avoid collisions.These may use sonar,radar,lasers,computers,or video cameras,or some combination of these.These systems beep or warn drivers with a voice signal if the vehicle gets too close to an object or another vehicle or if it strays out of its lane.The system can suggest actions to the driver or even temporarily take control to avoid accidents.Another safety device is a smart airbag system.To deploy airbags with the minimum necessary force,sensors determine an occupant’s weight and size and the severity of impact.This system should reduce the number of children hurt by airbags that open too vigorously.Another system can automatically notify emergency services that an accident has happened and,using a Global Positioning System(GPS),can pinpoint the location of the vehicle for police and rescue units. This“mayday system”can save precious minutes and many lives.3One of the most convenient aspects of smart cars is their ability to navigate.Drivers tell them where they want to go and then,by means of a GPS navigation device and computerized maps,smart cars can figure out the best ways to reach the drivers’destinations.The cars can show the information on a map or give drivers voice directions.They can even correct drivers if they make a mistake(“I TOLD you to turn LEFT back there,you idiot!”).Using communication devices connected to the Internet,cars can inform drivers of problems ahead-construction work,traffic jams,and accidents—and then suggest different routes to the drivers’offices,favorite pizza places,or closest shopping malls.4Smart cars create problems as well,however.One problem is how to control all this automotive technology.More buttons take more of the drivers’attention.Even voice controlsare distracting for drivers.A recent study showed that drivers talking on handheld cell phones were four times more likely to be involved in accidents as drivers who were not.In fact,drivers using cell phones were almost as likely to be involved in accidents as those who were legally ing voice controls,even a hands-free system,might prove to be as distracting as chatting on the phone.Nevertheless,the auto industry’s answer to the control problem so far has been voice control.When it comes to simple tasks—changing channels on the radio or opening the trunk—voice controls work well enough.But it is probably not the best method for directing more difficult operations such as navigating the Internet or controlling the car itself. Engine noise,highway noise,and the music on the stereo tend to garble instructions,and voice recognition systems often cannot decipher strong accents.5No matter how smart cars become,they cannot solve all the problems facing a“car-crazy”world by themselves.Anyone who has traveled by car in or around almost any city in the world knows that the problem of traffic congestion is becoming worse every year.Cars,buses,and trucks caught up in the chronic traffic jams in the cities waste vast amounts of fuel and pour pollution into the atmosphere.Then there are the terrible statistics for highway fatalities.In the United States alone,over40,000people die a year.Around the world,it is believed that between800,000and1.15million perish in automobile accidents annually.Some transportation planners believe that better mass transportation is the answer—more monorails,subways,and bullet trains.Other analysts believe that there will always be a demand for the convenience and independence of private automobiles.The traditional solution has been to simply build more roads.However,another solution lies in self-driving vehicles operating on automated “intelligent”roadways.6What is an“intelligent”roadway?One type of automated highway features one or more lanes on which vehicles with special sensors and communications systems can travel completely under computer control.The vehicles follow each other at closely spaced intervals in groups called“platoons.”(Some lanes would also have to be open to conventional cars.) Vehicles in platoons traveling on the automated lanes would be temporarily linked into communications networks.These vehicles could then constantly exchange information about speed,acceleration,braking,and so on.To keep vehicles in their lanes and control their speed and direction,cars might use magnemeters,devices that sense magnets buried in the roadbed. One expert has said that the typical highway lane today can handle2,000vehicles per hour but estimated that an intelligent highway lane could accommodate up to6,000vehicles,depending on the number of entrances and exits.7The technology required to operate an automated highway already exists and has been tested.On a stretch of San Diego Expressway platoon of seven smart Buick LaSabres traveled on a lane of intelligent highway.The cars tailgated one another about5meters apart at around 105kilometers per hour.The drivers sat back and sipped their lattes.They said that traveling that fast and that close together with no control was exciting and a little frightening at first,but that,in a short time,it became rather humdrum.8But don’t plan to have your car chauffeur you to work any time soon.For one thing,thecost would be staggering.Even equipping one lane of traffic on the busiest urban expressways with the necessary technology would be too expensive to do in the near future.Installing the required equipment on cars would also add thousands of dollars to the cost of new cars. Besides,many people would not trust self-driven cars.Much of the public has a warped sense of risk.Some people hesitate to fly even though studies show that flying is safer than driving. That’s because every plane crash is highly publicized,while individual automobile accidents are not.Similarly,although automated cars would certainly be safer than standard cars,when an accident occurred it would probably involve hundreds of deaths and injuries.Even a few such accidents would probably cause the public to call for the closing of automated roads.12.What feature of today’s Cars does the author compare to a feature on the Apollo11 spacecraft?A.Their computing power.B.Their fuel systems.C.Their navigational systems.D.Their passenger space.13.What prediction does the author make about computer chips in cars in the near future?A.They will be replaced by another type of technology.B.They will become less numerous but more powerful.C.They will all be controlled by two main computers,one in the front of the car and one inthe rear.D.They will increase in number.14.In case of an emergency,a collision avoidance system would probably NOT be able to do which of the following?A.Alert the driver with a beeping sound.B.Say to the driver,“Danger！Stay in your own lane!”C.Contact the driver of an approaching car.D.Apply the brakes to slow the car.15.Which of these questions could NOT be answered by the airbag system described in the second paragraph in the event of an accident?A.How much does the passenger sitting in the front seat weigh?B.How did the accident occur?C.How hard was the impact?D.How tall is the driver?16.Which of these conclusions does the study that is mentioned in the fourth paragraph support?ing voice controls is not as dangerous as talking on a cell phone while driving.ing buttons to control a car’s technology is not as safe as using voice controls.C.Driving while talking on a cell phone is much more dangerous than driving after drinking.D.Talking on a cell phone while driving is not safe.。
2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Word Derivation(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The 1among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：harmony）【解析】(句意：盟国间关系和睦，这对敌军而言已不是秘密。
harmony协调；和睦；融洽。
由后面的was可知，此处需要使用其单数形式。
)2.The situation there was 1. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：intolerable）【解析】(句意：那的情况令人无法忍受，我们必须立刻采取行动。
由后面"必须立刻做一些事情"可以得知前面所表达的情况是令人难以忍受的，显然was后要用形容词，所以此处应填intolerable。
)3.This is made of 1material.(resist heat)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：healt resistant）【解析】(句意：它由耐热材料制作而成。
此处显然需要一个形容词，heat resistant耐热的，耐高温的。
)4.She was a very 1 social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observant）【解析】(句意：她是一位观察力敏锐的社会科学家，她证实除了利己主义，人类还有其它本能。
2015年四川外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.N. T.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ izen（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.accumulated fund（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.a bissextile year（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.budget deficit（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.health resort（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.knowledge industry（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.GNP（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.foreign exchange control（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.FTA（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.singe one's wings（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.Daniel come to judgment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.Myanmar（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Tropic of Cancer（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.Mercedes-Benz（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 占中__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.广场舞（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.乌克兰（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.布里斯班（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.丝路基金（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.量化宽松（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.创新增长（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.阳光财政（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.落地签证（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.国民待遇（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.国事访问（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.夕阳工业（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.互联网金融（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.新型大国外交（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.亚太自由贸易区（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.The general use of speech is to transfer our mental discourse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new labor, may again be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is, when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what they desire, fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use they are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is acquiring of arts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we have attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes, that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing with our words, for pleasure or ornament, innocently.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.市长王安顺高度重视APEC周的天气和空气质量。
2015年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．the 100, 000 Strong Initiative正确答案：十万强计划，十万人留学中国计划2．UN-Habitat正确答案：联合国人类住区规划署，简称人居署(United Nations Human Settlements Programme)3．Occupy Central正确答案：占领中环(占中)4．Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership(TTIP)正确答案：跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定5．chemical oxygen demand(COD)正确答案：化学需氧量6．coal equivalent正确答案：煤当量7．a lame duck正确答案：跛脚鸭(无用之人)8．CCPIT正确答案：中国国际贸易促进委员会(China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)9．Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program(GMS)正确答案：大湄公河次区域经济合作10．The House of Commons正确答案：(英国、加拿大)下议院11．Speaker of the House(U. S. Congress)正确答案：美国众议院议长12．devolution of power正确答案：权力下放13．UK Trade and Investment(UKTI)正确答案：英国贸易投资总署14．PM 2. 5正确答案：细颗粒物15．public private partnership(PPP)正确答案：公私合营；公私合作汉译英16．海上丝绸之路正确答案：the Maritime Silk Route17．新常态正确答案：New Normal18．自闭症正确答案：autism19．国际电信联盟正确答案：International Telecommunication Union20．可再生能源发电装机容量正确答案：installed renewable power generation capacity21．森林蓄积量正确答案：forest stock22．气候变化南南合作基金正确答案：South-South Climate Cooperation Fund23．技术转让正确答案：technology transfer24．“言必信、行必果”正确答案：Always be true in word and resolute in deed.25．亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议正确答案：the 22nd Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)Economic Leaders’ Meeting26．“南海行为准则”正确答案：The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea27．雾霾正确答案：smog28．“高大上”正确答案：high-end29．《泰晤士报》正确答案：The Times30．《尚书》正确答案：The Book of Documents英汉互译英译汉31．We usually classify literature—imaginative literature(excluding nonfiction prose)—into the following genres or classes:(1)prose fiction;(2)poetry, and(3)drama. These three genres have many common characteristics. All are art forms, each with its own requirements of structure and style. In varying degrees, all the genres are dramatic and imaginative; they have at least some degree of action, or are based in part on dramatic situations.Imaginative literature differs from textbooks, historical and biographical works, and news articles, all of which describe or interpret facts. While literature is related to the truths of human life, it may be based on situations that have never occurred, and which may never occur. This is not to say that imaginative literature is not truthful, but rather that its truth is to life and human nature, not necessarily to the detailed world of reportorial, scientific, and historical facts in which we all live.Although the three main genres have much in common, they also differ in many ways. Prose fiction, or narrative fiction, is in prose form and includes novels, short stories, myths, parables, romances, and epics. These works generally focus on one or a few major characters who undergo some kind of change as they meet other characters or deal with problems or difficulties in their lives. Poetry, in contrast to prose fiction, is much more economical in the use of words, and it relies heavily on imagery, figurative language, rhythm and sound. Drama(or plays)is the form of literature designed to be performed by actors. Like fiction, drama may focus on a single character or a small number of characters, and it presents fictional events as if they were happening in the present, to be witnessed by a group of people composing an audience. Some dramas employ much of the imagery, rhythm, and sound of poetry.正确答案：我们通常将文学——虚构文学(不包括纪实类散文)——分为以下几种体裁或类别：(1)散文体小说；(2)诗歌；(3)戏剧。
2013年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points)1. MLA【答案】现代语言协会[美] （Modern Language Association）2. naturist【答案】天体运动者，裸体主义者（指认为裸体有益身心的人）3. Dubai【答案】迪拜4. CPPCC【答案】中国人民政治协商会议5. milieu therapy【答案】环境疗法6. gild the lily【答案】画蛇添足7. unrighteous mammon【答案】不义之财8. mind style【答案】思维风格9. put on the new man【答案】洗心革面、改邪归正10. Act of God【答案】不可抗力11. Hills Like White Elephants【答案】累赘的东西12. tattooing【答案】文身13. CD【答案】COMPACT DISC（激光唱片，光盘）14. build a castle in the air【答案】空中楼阁15. concerto【答案】协奏曲II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points) 1. 反对派【答案】Opposition2. 当选总统【答案】President-elect3. 联合公报【答案】Joint communique4. 司法改革【答案】Judicial reform5. 循环经济【答案】Circular Economy6. 同业拆借【答案】inter-bank borrowing7. 小康社会【答案】a moderately prosperous society8. 老龄事业【答案】the issue of aging/ the undertakings for the aged9. 猎头公司【答案】head-hunting company10. 个人所得税【答案】Personal income tax11. 可再生能源【答案】Renewable energy12. 包容式增长【答案】Inclusive growth13. 中非合作论坛【答案】China-Africa Cooperation Forum14. 钧鱼岛及其附属岛屿【答案】the Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands15. 中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会【答案】the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of ChinaIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)Fanny, having been sent into the village on some errand by her aunt Norris, was overtaken by a heavy shower close to the Parsonage; and being descried from one of the windows endeavoring to find shelter under the branches and lingering leaves of an oak just beyond their premises, was forced, though not without some modest reluctance on her part, to come in. A civil servant she had withstood; but when Dr. Grant himself went out with an umbrella, there was nothing to be done but to be very much ashamed, and to get into the house as fast as possible; and to poor Miss Crawford, who had just been contemplating the dismal rain in a very desponding state of mind, sighing over the ruin of all her plan of exercise for that morning, and of every chance of seeing a single creature beyond themselves for the next twenty-four hours, the sound of a little bustle at the front door, and the sight of Miss Price dripping with wet in the vestibule, was delightful. The value of an event on a wet day in the country was most forcibly brought before her. She was all alive again directly, and among the most active in being useful to Fanny, in detecting herto be wetter than she would at first allow, and providing her with dry clothes; and Fanny, after being obliged to submit to all this attention, and to being assisted and waited on by mistresses and maids, being also obliged, on returning downstairs, to be fixed in their drawing-room for an hour while the rain continued, the blessing of something fresh to see and think of was thus extended to Miss Crawford, and might carry on her spirits to the period of dressing and dinner.【参考译文】原来，范妮受诺里斯姨妈差遣，到村子里办件什么事，在牧师住宅附近遇上了一阵大雨。
科目代码：811四川外国语大学XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：英语翻译与写作答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。
全卷150分，3小时完成。
I.Translate the following into Chinese:(50points)P ublic education in America really began in earnest after the Civil War,when government-funded and-controlled schools supplanted the earlier system of private education.According to the U.S.Department of Education,some57percent of the12 million school-aged Americans in1870were enrolled in public elementary or secondary schools,though only about60percent of those enrolled attended school on any given day and the average school year was132days.By the turn of the century,the percentage of school-aged children attending public schools had risen to72percent,with almost70 percent of enrollees attending on any one of the150days in the school year.Most public education still occurred in the early grades—only two percent of the student population were in ninth grade or higher.American policy-makers and educators began to create in earnest our centralized, monopolistic public education system at the turn of the century.For example,over a relatively brief period from1890to1910,public schools increased their share of the high-school population from two-thirds to about90percent—a proportion of public to private schools which has persisted until the present day.During the last few decades of the nineteenth century,public education had grown steadily as a primarily locally controlled phenomenon,often taking over ownership from private cation was still basically focused on learning skills,such as reading or arithmetic,and schools often reflected their communities in very obvious ways.But by the start of the twentieth century,a number of different groups began to believe that a comprehensive,centrally controlled(at least on the city or state level),and bureaucratic public education system was crucial to America’s future.The Progressive movement,for example,sought to replace disorganized government decision-making with a more standardized,“predictable”approach.At the time,they viewed such change as necessary to eliminate corruption and graft.II.Translate the following into English:(50points)李雪莲头一回见王公道，王公道才二十六岁。
2009年基础英语一，单词变形1，major 2,feeling 3,fragment 4,continuous 5,adequately 6,reluctant 7,urgent 8,minority 9,acknowledged 10, criterion 11,prevail 12,response 13,imagining 14,formality 15,affected 16,well 17,unapparent 18,constitutional 19,colorful 20,perfection二，Q1，potassium Q2, zinc Q3,calcium Q4,B vitamins Q5,vitamin E Q6, Vitamin AQ7, U.P.choir trial Q8, Vivaldi concert Q9, Dinner concert and circus spectacularQ10, U.P storewide sale Q11,﹩20.00 Q12, fireworks and dance Q13, school music concertQ14ⅧQ15ⅤQ16ⅡQ17ⅢQ18ⅣQ19ⅦQ20ⅠQ21The e-mail wrote in English Q22, Swimming Q23 IELTS Preparation Q24 4 Q25 1Q26 ﹩11.00 Q27 Everyday EnglishQ28 F Q29 NOT GIVEN Q30 NOT GIVEN Q31 NOT GIVEN Q32 F Q33 TQ34 prohibited Q35 GM ingredients Q36 biotech companies Q37 international tradeQ38 blindness Q39 pesticides and insecticide Q40 extra proteinsQ41 C Q42 B Q43 B Q44 A Q45 D Q47 C Q48 C Q49 C Q50 D三，1，Different perspectives or ways of viewing the vastly diverse and complex phenomena of verbal communication2, The effective use of language, with special emphasis upon rhetorical structures and stylistic excellence.3, The ability to use language well was a means of power and wealth.4, It means that people in societies will have more different types of activities.5, In almost all villages some persons have gone to work in the cities or the mines and have come back with certain ideas and habits that are quite different from those of other members of the society.6, It will create many sociolinguistic dialects.7, They should heal the split and reconcile the contradictions in American culture by pursuing a middlebrow course.8, Brooks's ideas deny or ignore the polarities of American culture.9, The English novel at its best is staunchly middlebrow while American novel is either highbrow or combination of highbrow-lowbrow.10, Cultural conditions11, Because the history of American novel is relatively short.12, The early American novel is hostile and satiric.13, Because it is to prevent their alien birth from being so common as to cease to be a distinguishing mark.14, Since the flood of transatlantic migrants had reached our shores after the Civil War and spoke in a babel of tongues which identified both their origins and their difficulties.15, It is not only a fiction, but also a record of American economic history.16, He tries to expose the social, economic, and political corruption of industrial life in the UnitedStates.17,President Theodore Roosevelt18,The author means that although Cahan thought that the pursuit of wealth is detrimental to happiness and he himself was never in love with money,but the reality was the opposite one just like workers who struggling to achieve economic justice.19,Ralph Waldo Emerson20, Those who did believe in self-reliance and feel called by God.21, The utilitarian and expressive individualism.22, Because he believed that the primary economic obligation is only to ourselves.23, He doesn't agree with it.24, T 25, F 26,F 27, T 28, T 29, T 30 T 31 T 32 F 33 T 34 T 35 T四．Q1 It was at the village of Olympia in ancient Greece in 776 B.CQ2 The games were held every four years.Q3 The purpose is to let the games to be considered as the bech-marks in their glorious nationhood.Q4 It means to be subjected to something.Q5 Olympic GamesQ6 the wild use of electricity and its importance to our lives.Q7 Electricity is used in acupuncture to activate the curative needles.Q8 The electrical gadgets can help us.Q9 The electricity-powered television sets and radio can bring us fun.Q10 Our lives will go into a mass, every aspect of our life being paralysed.2009年翻译与写作1、有时，我做完一天的锄地活，就去和一个没有耐心的伙伴呆在一起。
2015年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Put the following terms into Chinese. (15分)1. N.T【答案】新约(New Testament)2. Netizen【答案】网民3. accumulated fund【答案】累积基金4. a bissextile year【答案】闰年5. deficit budget【答案】赤字预算6. health resort【答案】疗养胜地7. knowledge industry【答案】知识产业8. GNP【答案】国民生产总值9. foreign exchange control【答案】外汇管制10. FTA【答案】自由贸易协定11. singe one’s wings【答案】束手无策；损害自己名誉12. Daniel come to judgment【答案】明智地裁决别人所不能解决的问题的人13. Myanmar【答案】缅甸14. Tropical Cancer【答案】《北回归线》15. Mercedes-Benz【答案】梅赛德斯-奔驰II. Put the following passage into Chinese. (60分)The general use of speech is to transfer our mental discourse into verbal, or the train of our thoughts into a train of words, and that for two commodities; whereof one is the registering of the consequences of our thoughts, which being apt to slip out of our memory and put us to a new labor, may again be recalled by such words as they were marked by. So that the first use of names is to serve for marks or notes of remembrance. Another is when many use the same words to signify, by their connexion and order one to another, what they conceive or think of each matter; and also what they desire, fear, or have any other passion for. And for this use they are called signs. Special uses of speech are these: first, to register what by cogitation we find to be the cause of anything, present or past; and what we find things present or past may produce, or effect; which, in sum, is acquiring of arts. Secondly, to show to others that knowledge which we have attained; which is to counsel and teach one another. Thirdly, to make known to others our wills and purposes that we may have the mutual help of one another. Fourthly, to please and delight ourselves, and others, by playing with our words, for pleasure or ornament, innocently.【参考译文】语言的一般作用是把我们的精神话语转换成口头言语，或者是把我们一连串的思想转换成一连串的话语，其主要用处有两个。
科目代码：243四川外国语大学XXXX年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：自命题日语答题要求：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则不给分。
全卷100分，3小时完成。
一．次の文のをつけた言葉は、どのように読みますか。
最も適切な読み方を、Ａ・Ｂ・Ｃ・Ｄから一つ選びなさい。
（10×１＝10）問１１地震に２備え、食料を３貯蔵しておかなければならない。
１地震ＡじじんＢちしんＣじしんＤちじん２備えＡそなえＢむかえＣくわえＤあたえ３貯蔵ＡちょうそうＢちょぞうＣちょそうＤちょうぞう問２最近４出版されたこの５著者の本はすべて読みました。
４出版ＡしゅつはんＢしゅつへんＣしゅっぺんＤしゅっぱん５著者ＡひっしゃＢちょしゃＣひしゃＤちょっしゃ問３住民たちは６協力して、７井戸を掘ることにした。
６協力ＡきょりょくＢどうりょくＣどりょくＤきょうりょく７井戸ＡいどＢいとＣいこＤしこ問４８順調に９回復しているので、もうすぐ10退院できるでしょう。
８順調ＡしゅんちょＢしゅんちょうＣじゅんちょうＤじゅんちょ９回復ＡかいふうＢかいほくＣかいふくＤかいほう10退院ＡたんいんＢだいいんＣだんいんＤたいいん二、次の文のをつけた言葉は、どのような漢字を書きますか。
その漢字を、Ａ・Ｂ・Ｃ・Ｄから一つ選びなさい。
（10×1＝10）問１このプリントに１あやまりがないか、２じむしょに行って３ちょくせつ聞いてみた。
１あやまりＡ限りＢ誤りＣ残りＤ余り２じむしょＡ治務所Ｂ事勤所Ｃ治勤所Ｄ事務所３ちょくせつＡ直説Ｂ直接Ｃ触説Ｄ触接問２この４そうちは、５じょうきの６いきおいが強くなると止まります。
４そうちＡ装置Ｂ総池Ｃ装池Ｄ総置５じょうきＡ乗気Ｂ暑気Ｃ蒸気Ｄ昇気６いきおいＡ募いＢ労いＣ勇いＤ勢い問３あのいずみの水には、体によいせいぶんが多くふくまれているそうだ。
7いずみＡ湖Ｂ泉Ｃ潮Ｄ池８せいぶんＡ成分Ｂ清分Ｃ正分Ｄ性分９ふくまれＡ含まれＢ組まれＣ込まれＤ包まれ問４法律で禁止されていることは、国によって10ことなります。
2012年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points)1. Yogi【答案】瑜伽修行者2. SPCA【答案】动物保护协会3. Geneva Convention【答案】日内瓦公约4. House of Commons【答案】下议院5. horoscope【答案】占星术6. sleep debt【答案】睡眠负债（指长期睡眠不足产生的影响）7. AU【答案】非洲联盟8. Kuala Lumpur【答案】吉隆坡（马来西亚首都）9. a potluck supper【答案】家常便饭10. IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织11. eye-service【答案】阳奉阴违的工作（在雇主看着时才干的活；当面勤快而背地偷懒的帮佣）12. A Clockwork Orange【答案】发条橘子（电影名）13. All Soul’s Day【答案】万灵节（每年11月2日，一些基督教徒用来缅怀逝去的人的节日）14. abusive translation【答案】滥译15. speak in tongues【答案】使用方言II. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points) 1. 双赢【答案】win-win2. 物流【答案】Logistics3. 裸捐【答案】all-out donation4. 醉驾【答案】drunk driving5. 辛亥革命【答案】the Revolution of 19116. 畅通重庆【答案】traffic-smooth Chongqing7. 二线城市【答案】second-tier cities8. 家电下乡【答案】home appliances going to the countryside9. 医患纠纷【答案】doctor-patient dispute10. 面子工程【答案】vanity projects11. 人民币汇率【答案】RMB exchange rate12. 占领华尔街【答案】Occupy Wall Street13. 叙利亚危机【答案】Syria crisis14. 中国农村扶贫【答案】China’s rural poverty alleviation15. 保障性安居工程【答案】government-subsidized housingIII. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 Points)Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and fro in his hammock one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy to go and find out. He was in one of his moods, for the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him indolent, and he had shirked his studies, tried Mr. Brooke’s patience to the utmost, displeased his grandfather by practicing half the afternoon, frightened the maidservants half out of their wits by mischievously hinting that one of his dogs was going mad, and, after high words with the stableman about some fancied neglect of his horse, he had flung himself into his hammock to fume over the stupidity of the world in general, till the peace of the lovely day quieted him in spite of himself. Staring up into the green gloom of the horse-chestnut trees above him, he dreamed dreams of all sorts, and was just imagining himself tossing on the ocean in a voyage round the world, when the sound of voices brought him ashore in a flash. Peeping through the meshes of the hammock, he saw the Marchescoming out, as if bound on some expedition. “What in the world are those girls about now?”thought Laurie, opening his sleepy eyes to take a good look, for there was something rather peculiar in the appearance of his neighbors.【参考译文】一个热烘烘的九月下午，劳里舒舒服服地躺在吊床上摇来晃去，很想知道邻居姐妹们在干什么却又懒得去弄清楚。
目 录2010年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Phrase Translation1．Translate the following English terms or phrases into Chinese (15 points) (1) fossil fuel【答案】化石燃料(2) emotion quotient【答案】情商(3) commencement ceremony【答案】学位授予典礼/毕业典礼(4) think tank【答案】智囊团/智库(5) inaugural address【答案】就职演说(6) vicious circle【答案】恶性循环(7) vegetable oil【答案】植物油(8) per capita GNP【答案】人均国民生产总值(9) labour-intensive industries【答案】劳力密集型工业(10) Associated Press【答案】美联社(11) Kyoto Protocol【答案】京都议定书(12) IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency)(13) IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会(International Olympic Committee)(14) APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)(15) ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟(Association Of Southeast Asian Nations) 2．Translate the following Chinese terms or phrases into English (15 points) (16) 清洁能源【答案】clean energy(17) 知识产权【答案】intellectual property(18) 非物质文化遗产【答案】intangible cultural heritage。
[考研类试卷]2015年四川外国语大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Word Derivation1 The______among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)2 The situation there was______. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)3 This is made of______material.(resist heat)4 She was a very ______ social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)5 You can live longest and best and most______by attaining and preserving the happiness of learning.(reward)6 You think I'm joking? No! I'm in dead______.(earn)7 Many times he demonstrated his______to other cops.(fear)8 In modern society, workers are in danger of being______. They become extension of the machine.(human)9 ______, most of these students studying overseas will come back eventually instead of settling down there permanently.(presume)10 Nobody knows for sure how much these free official banquets have cost the people, but it must have reached on______figure.(astronomy)二、Vocabulary11 The emotional strain of attending his dying mother______all his strength.（A）sapped（B）depleted（C）enervated（D）enfeebled12 The social worker claimed that it was impossible for the old man to live onhis______pension.（A）inadequate（B）insufficient（C）meager（D）skimpy13 The mystic found it hard, if not impossible, to______his philosophic position. （A）state（B）verbalize（C）communicate（D）deliver14 Literary magazines give $ 200______for critical articles from people who want to make a name for themselves in this field.（A）emolument（B）remuneration（C）stipend（D）honorariums15 He displayed______ignorance in handling what was an only routine personnel problem.（A）opprobrious（B）deplorable（C）culpable（D）regrettable16 Europeans______the indigenous Indian population they met with.（A）supplanted（B）displaced（C）rectified（D）renovated17 Disappointment followed his hopes of______after the costly operation.（A）rejuvenescence（B）renascence（C）rejuvenation（D）recrudescence18 He attempts to______the truth by appealing to dishonest, ignorant and irresponsible bigotry.（A）vitiate（B）adulterate（C）contaminate19 The typical ______professor was rapt in solving an equation while crossing against a red light.（A）inattentive（B）abstracted（C）absent-minded（D）oblivious20 A newly independent colony was plunged into ______ by warring factions and a lack of central leadership.（A）riot（B）anarchy（C）disorder（D）disturbance21 ______parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.（A）Nervous（B）Anxious（C）Fretful（D）Farsighted22 G. B Shaw wondered how parents could wait until their anger cooled in order to______ their children in cold blood.（B）spank（C）thrash（D）scourge23 A______smile that in the next minute turned into an embarrassed blush.（A）winsome（B）blithe（C）cherry（D）sunny24 The judge's ruling that political beliefs of the accused were______to the question of his guilt.（A）extrinsic（B）superfluous（C）inessential（D）immaterial25 A corrupt public official was______by colleagues afraid of inquires into their own affairs.（A）palliated（B）glossed over（C）whitewashed（D）extenuated26 "The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it," wrote Oscar Wilde, a composer of brilliant______.（A）mottos（B）aphorisms（C）apothegms（D）epigrams27 The manager______a clerk whose clumsiness was responsible for the complete breakdown of operations in his department.（A）rebuked（B）admonished（C）reprimanded（D）reproached28 They______the mounting evidence of discrepancies in the report as justifying a new investigation.（A）beckoned（B）invoked（C）subpoenaed（D）conjured29 According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip ______ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around. （A）frankincense（B）fragments（C）fractures（D）fraction30 A steady flow of the ______weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.（A）covetous（B）coveted（C）coveting（D）covet三、Reading Comprehension30 Chris Hrapko isn't afraid of tough conversations. As the founder of a nonprofit social-service agency, she battles bureaucracies on behalf of the homeless and the working poor. But there is one conversation Hrapko avoided. When her 92-year-old mother fell and broke her hip earlier this year, Hrapko knew it would affect her independent mother's living arrangements and health. But Hrapko, 51, was clueless about her mom's wishes. "We talked about a lot of things," she says, "but we never talked about a future in which my mom faced a problem that could leave her disabled, bedridden or on life support. "A recent survey by AARP found that nearly 70 percent of adult children have not talked to their parents about issues related to aging. Some children avoid this most intimate of conversations because they believe their parents don't want to talk. Others think they know what their parents want. And some simply don't want to face the veryreal truth that if you are lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years, chances are good that disease, injury, frailty, even loneliness, will affect a parent's well-being.While it's clear that having a conversation with aging parents is important, there is no blueprint on how to do it well. What works for one family may not work for yours. The key is to be flexible, says Mary Anne Ehlert, founder of Chicago-based Protected Tomorrows, an advocacy firm for families with special needs. She has found that one of the best ways to get the conversational ball rolling is to talk about your parents' and what they would do if faced with a situation in which people they loved could no longer care for themselves. " Ask your parents for advice; seek their wisdom in helping you help them," Ehlert says.It's also important for adults to be honest about what they are prepared to do for their parents. As parents age and become frail, many will need help with personal hygiene. It's these kinds of issues that can make the most devoted child balk. "Before you agree to be a caregiver, make sure you understand what you may be in for," says Monika White, president-elect of the National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers. " Adult children need to acknowledge their own limitations and then be prepared to make some type of arrangement for the things they simply can't do. "Realize that there is no such thing as one conversation about aging. " No one resolves the future in one afternoon of talk," says psychologist Brian Carpenter of Washington University in St. Louis. "It's a process. " One strategy is to schedule time to talk about a specific subject, such as wills or living arrangements.31 According to the first paragraph, Chris Hrapko______.（A）avoided talking about the issue of aging with her mother（B）realized that her mother wanted to talk to her about the future life（C）believed that her mother didn't want to talk to her about the aging issue（D）knew that the injury would cause her mother lonelier than before32 Many adult children have not talked to their parents about aging not because______. （A）some children think that their parents don't want to talk（B）some children believe that they know their parents well（C）some children are not lucky enough to have parents who live well into their senior years（D）some children shun the reality that their parents need help33 We can learn from paragraph 3 that______.（A）Chris Hrapko needs to seek advices from the expert and follow them step by step （B）Talking about your parents' personal values may make the conversation disputable（C）It is unadvisable to talk about your parents' future life where you cannot take care of them（D）talking with your parents about their aging but find an appropriate way34 The underlined word "balk"(Para. 4)most probably means______.（A）lazy（B）stop（C）joy（D）disappoint35 Which of the following is true of the text?（A）Chris Hrapko's mother refused to talk about the future problem with her daughter.（B）Mary Anne Ehlert advised people to communicate with their parents on their own way.（C）Monika White thought that if people cannot meet their parents' need, they cannot be a good caregiver.（D）Brian Carpenter suggested that people should spend more time in communicating with their parents.35 Less than five years ago. Scottish Opera was trapped in a financial quagmire from which few thought it could recover. Today, however, the national company seals its comeback by announcing its most wide-reaching program to date. In an interview with The Times, Alex Reedjik, general director of Scottish Opera, explained that a series of collaborations with other companies would enable it to maximize its output without<u>compromising its budget</u>. He admitted that the partnerships were borne of financial necessity, but argued they would allow the company to reach greater audiences than ever before. "Collaborations are the way forward," he said. "We have often done co-productions in the past but they are more important to us now to enable us to achieve all of our hopes. The problem is that sets are very expensive. If you can share those costs with another organization and not impact on artistic integrity, that is a positive, welcome and necessary thing.Highlights of the 2009-10 season will include a new co-production with New Zealand Opera of Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, and a joint venture with Opera North The Adventures of Mr. Broucek, by Leos Janacek, featuring a 40-strong choir singing Hussite hymns, along with bagpipes and an organ. An unashamedly Italianate season this Autumn begins with a revival of Giles Havergal's popular 1994 production of The Elixir of Love. There will also be a revival of the Tony-award winning director Stewart Laing's production of Puccini's La Boheme.The turnaround in the company's fortunes is striking. In 2005, the year before Mr. Reedjik joined the organization, Scottish Opera was forced to make half of its staff, including the entire chorus , redundant and abandon its main-scale productions for a season after accumulating debts of a-round ￡4.5 million. The company's core grant, which at that time came from the Scottish Arts Council(it is now funded directly by the government)had not risen for several years. However, it had also haemorrhaged funds by staging the hugely expensive Ring Cycle, and according to some critics , had been overspending on props, with rumors of cast members wearing ￡ 300 designer shoes.A ￡ 7 million rescue package put together by the then Labor-led Scottish Executive saved the company from going dark on a permanent basis, but <u>the ease with which it almost went under forced a rethink of priorities</u>. While the company continues to stage several major productions each season, it has also introduced smaller touring works—the acclaimed Five: 15 series—which pairs leading writers with composers to create 15-minute chamber pieces that could be developed into longer productions. The aim, says Mr. Reedjik, is to put on as much opera in Scotland as possible without breaking the bank. So far the strategy seems to be working, with audiences averaging at around 95 ,000 people in the past three years, a rise of almost 50 per cent compared with2004 -05, the season before the company went dark. "What we are trying to do now is live within our means and raise as much as possible from philanthropic means," said Mr. Reedjik. " We seemed to have dropped out of the news for dumb stuff—now we're in the news for our interesting work. "36 This text is probably abridged from______.（A）a story（B）a speech（C）an argumentation（D）an interview37 The phrase "compromising its budget"(Line 5, Para. 1)probably means______. （A）agreeing on the principles（B）increasing the financial expanses（C）reaching the financial standards（D）promising a higher income38 It can be inferred from the last sentence in Paragraph 1 that______.（A）the quality of artistic performances may be worsened for lack of necessary funding （B）sharing the cost of sets can help the Scottish Opera out of financial difficulty（C）the series of collaborations with other companies have maximized the Scottish Opera's output（D）it's important for audience to hold a positive view on such co-productions39 The fact that "the ease ... forced a rethink of priorities"(Line 2-3, Para. 4)suggests that______.（A）the company makes great efforts in advocating its major productions（B）the company hires only the prestigious writers and composers to create works （C）the company tries its hand in producing shorter touring works（D）the company seeks for more funding from the local political party40 The best title for this article is______.（A）Collaboration Helps Revive Scottish Opera（B）A Rethink of Priorities in Productions（C）Turnaround in the Company's Fortunes（D）Persistence of Artistic Integrity Reading Passage 340 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why we should, Like, Cure, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. Mcwhorter's an academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom" , for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960's even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, <u>talking</u> is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take thequestion of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "<u>on paper plates instead of china</u>". A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.41 According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English ______.（A）is inevitable in radical education reforms（B）is but all too natural in language development（C）has caused the controversy over the counter-culture（D）brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s42 The word "talking"(Line 6, Para. 3)denotes______.（A）modesty（B）personality（C）liveliness（D）informality43 To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?（A）Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.（B）Black English can be more expressive than standard English.（C）Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.（D）Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.44 The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's______. （A）interest in their language（B）appreciation of their efforts（C）admiration for their memory（D）contempt for their old-fashionedness45 According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as______.（A）temporary is to "permanent"（B）radical is to "conservative"（C）functional is to "artistic"（D）humble is to "noble"45 The phenomenon of stress has been widely discussed and referred to as one of the central problems of our age. Globalization and the improved technology it brings only seems to make this problem worse, creating more options while at the same time making our lives more complex. Closely bound up with stress is the problem of "time famine". In Britain, for example, the combination of the longest working hours in Europe and the highest proportion of working women in Europe means people have less and less time to themselves. Add to this the rise in the number of single-person households and the work ethic promoted by successive governments since the early eighties and it becomes easy to see why time is now at a premium for so many of us.One response to this has come from the USA, so often the forerunner in what is fashionable, in the form of lifestyle management. This involves hiring a company to repair the house, do the shopping and a host of other time consuming tasks. Some analysts insist that the management of people's time could be big business in the next 10years. In the USA lifestyle management companies have been around for a while but now it seems that the British are keen to use them too.What most potential customers want is quality time. This means taking away the day to day hassles connected with running our lives. Whereas in the past there always seemed to be time for arranging private lives and keeping up with everyday demands of house, health, children or holidays, nowadays the work obsessed population, tied to the office, do not appear to be able to cope with such inconveniences. In other words, people require a separate Personal Assistant for their lifestyle!The jury is out, however, as to whether this new service is beneficial or not. Being constantly pressed for time is undoubtedly stressful and what could be better than relieving such pressures by offloading some of our more mundane tasks on a willing helper? Perhaps this can also be a way to ensure that you get quality service:. It is often said that a large part of Britain's service sector aims purely and simply at short term profit in return for bad quality goods and poor service. If you put experts in charge of finding a good plumber at a reasonable rate you can at least be assured that your leaking pipes will be fixed properly.This raises an important question, however. Is it really good for us to create more time to spend at work when we are already exhausted from working long hours? It may be far more important to take control of our private lives ourselves and in so doing relieve stress by giving ourselves a proper escape from the cares of the work-place. After all, if you do not have time to look after your own home and to organize your own life, then, just maybe, you have got your priorities wrong. There may be one reason why, in the end, the lifestyle management business will not take off in the UK and that is the inherendy conservative nature of the British. To really embrace this new concept we might all need to rethink our lives!46 The writer suggests that stress______.（A）is the most important problem of modern life（B）is caused by technology and globalization（C）can be made worse because of too many choices（D）can be less if we had more time to spend at work47 "time is at a premium"(line 8, paragraph 1)probably means that______.（A）the longer we work, the less important time is（B）time has become harder and harder to find（C）people have more free time in America than in Britain（D）saving time is a fashionable lifestyle trend48 According to the text, most potential customers______.（A）do not have a personal assistant in their offices（B）are too lazy to organize their private lives（C）have problems coping with the demands of daily living（D）enjoy the way of spending more time at work49 What is true of lifestyle management companies according to the author? （A）They will definitely become important even it takes time to accept them. （B）They are not interested in long-term relationships with customers.（C）They benefit the customers by giving a cheap way of saving time.（D）They have expertise in getting the right people to do jobs for their clients.50 The author probably believes that the British______.（A）will accept the need for lifestyle management companies（B）have to give careful thought to their way of life（C）should turn to experts when dealing with specific problems（D）should be well trained with a good work ethic Reading Passage 550 Shopping used to be nothing more than a way of obtaining food, clothing and other necessities of life. Today, however, shopping symbolizes the materialistic culture of western society and its popularity as a leisure activity reflects the rise of consumerism.【R1】______Having more money has meant spending patterns have changed. While traditional models of economic behavior assume that consumers are rational and weigh up the costs and benefits before making a purchase, anyone who has ever walked into a shop and left five minutes later with a new jacket and 180 less in their wallet knows that this theory does not always hold true.【R2】______Her research on consumer behavior identified impulsive buying as an attempt by shoppers to bolster their self-image, particularly for those who suffered from so-called compulsive buying or shopping addiction, a condition that affects 2 to 5 per cent of adults in the West.The three-year study compared excessive buyers to a similar group of ordinary consumers. Excessive shoppers were more materialistic and believed that buying goods was a pathway to success, happiness and identity. " Excessive buying is a coping strategy to fill the gaps between how shoppers feel about themselves and the person they want to be," Dr Dittmar said.【R3】______Her research also reveals that certain types of goods are more likely to be bought on impulse than others. Those most frequently reported—clothes, jewellery, ornaments—are closely related to self-image and appearance. This finding is contrary to usual theories about impulse shopping, which explain it as a short-term gratification winning out over longer-term concerns such as debt.【R4】______In other words, shoppers were more willing to wait for "low impulse" goods such as kitchenware, than they were for clothes or other "high impulse" items. However, it was found that some of the 60 consumers asked to maintain a shopping diary for the study often regretted their impulsive purchases. Dr Dittmar said, "When people had explicitly bought for self-image reasons, regret was more likely to occur. "But this finding was ambiguous because shopping addicts were more motivated by self-image than ordinary shoppers and were more likely to regret their actions. "It's not quite clear which way round this relationship goes, but there is a link between being very concerned with self-image goods and regretting impulse buying. " The conclusions drawn by Dr Dittmar about the treatment of compulsive shoppers are that prescribing anti-depressant drugs might solve the problem but only as long as sufferers continue to take them. Instead, they needed therapeutic help to address the underlying causes such as poor self-image.【R5】______"In no sense do these people directly force anyone to buy anything. But they are very sophisticated, making advertisements and shopping environments very seductive and playing on the idea that if you buy product X you will be much more attractive. "A. Dr. Dittmar said that the idea that consumers' impulsiveness differed, depending on the type of goods, was also supported by the finding that shoppers were less willing to delay gratification for items bought on impulse.B. But there are pitfalls, such as debt and addiction to buying. Addicts shop for shopping's sake rather than to buy what they need.C. Helga Dittmar, senior lecturer in psychology at Sussex University, has found that consumer goods are the material symbols of who a person is and who they would like to be.D. Her research also raises questions over the methods used to attract shoppers and encourage them to buy. Although advertisers and retailers increasingly appeal to consumers' self-image, Dr Dittmar said it was very difficult to argue that these factors were responsible for compulsive shopping.E. Although there were other ways of dealing with poor self-image, such as over-exercising or alcoholism , she said that shopping had become one of the most important strategies. This was especially true for women, who were three times more likely to be compulsive shoppers than men, as shopping was a socially approved activity, and allowed those who do not go out to work to get out of the house, Dr. Dittmar said.F. Women make the majority of buying decisions—estimates anywhere from 60 - 80% and growing. Despite these facts, some industries have created frustrating walls and barriers failing to cater to the buying characteristics women are looking for.G. This has been made possible by the 75 per cent increase in disposable income in the past 20 years. The number of credit cards in use has more than quadrupled, and the amount of outstanding consumer debt has almost tripled in the same period.51 【R1】52 【R2】53 【R3】54 【R4】55 【R5】55 In the grip of a bubble mentality, we—as investors, consumers and businesses—blithely assumed risk and convinced ourselves it was perfectly safe to do so. We bought houses with no money down, took on huge amounts of debt and let the booming stock and housing markets perform the heavy lifting of saving. After all, new technologies, securitization and derivatives permitted financial wizards to slice, dice, sell—and,ultimately, banish—any type of risk. But the intellectual scaffolding surrounding that culture of debt and risk has fallen along with the stocks of Citigroup and AIG. And now the Zeitgeist has spun 180 degrees. Squeeze your nickels, slash debt, stop gambling.【R6】______Those are the $4 trillion questions. Earlier this decade, we transitioned effortlessly from the dotcom bubble to a housing and credit bubble, which suggests a powerful resiliency. But financial trauma can leave deep scar tissue, as it did after the Great Depression.It's tempting in this period of contraction to mimic Thoreau, to live simply and deliberately. But if we lose our penchant for gain and risk, we'll lose some of the essence of what makes us American. Economists warn that if we don't manage to jolt the economy back to life soon, we runthe risk of repeating Japan's "lost decade" of the 1990s. Would that be so bad?【R7】______ But America is different. Thanks to our continually rising population, we need significant growth just to maintain our standards of living—and the health of our democracy.Saving cash and building up reserves is a necessary first step to recovery. But eventually the mountain of cash has to be put to work. Last week's sharp market rally was certainly a sign—however fleeting it may turn out to be—that investors are putting money to work again.【R8】______Between 1996 and 2007, according to the Kauffman Foundation, about 0. 3 percent of the adult population started a new business each month, or about 495 ,000 per month.【R9】______In recent years, many new businesses have been financed through retirement savings, second mortgages and credit-card debt. None of those three sources of funding is particularly deep now. Even so, layoffs can prove a powerful spur to entrepreneurship.The new ethos of thrift, which is as much about efficiency and sustainability as it is about penny-pinching, may have significant commercial applications—beyond green roofs. Startups in wind power and smart-grid technology are still finding sources of funding. Small enterprises that install solar panels and conduct energy audits are expanding.【R10】______The markets, and the economy as a whole, are continually buffeted by the twin forces of fear and greed. For the past year, fear has clearly had the upper hand. But over time, as fear subsides, our inborn instincts to improve our lot—Adam Smith would call it self-interest—will make a comeback.A. They, and other businesses, will benefit from measures in the recently passed stimulus package to weatherize homes, and make government buildings more energy-efficient.B. After all, while Japan endured a prolonged period of slow growth, nobody starved, there was no social unrest in the aging country, and its biggest companies continued to innovate.。
扬州大学2024年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码357科目名称英语翻译基础满分150分注意：①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Translate the following terms into Chinese.(15points,1point each)1.Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation2.a community of shared developmentrge language model4.show leniency to people who make mistakes5.Global AI Governance Initiative6.movie box office revenue during Spring Festival holiday7.artificial intelligence ecosystem8.World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit9.International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative10.at-home care services for the elderly11.International Monetary Fund12.World Youth Development Forum13.Hangzhou Asian Para Games14.regulations to protect minors in cyberspace15.the tiered and classified social assistance systemII.Translate the following terms into English.(15points,1point each)1.世界科幻大会2.普惠金融高质量发展3.全球可持续交通高峰论坛4.火炬传递5.粮食安全保障体系6.“金砖”扩员7.模块化小型核反应堆8.恢复和扩大消费9.防汛救灾工作10.可再生能源装机容量11.文物保护利用12.民营经济13.高标准农田14.数字化转型15.中国-中亚峰会III.Translate the following passages into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points,20points each)Passage OneWhen we consider the situation of the human mind in nature,its limited plasticity and few channels of communication with the outer world,we need not wonder that we grope for light,or that we find incoherence and instability in human systems of ideas.The wonder rather is that we have done so well,that in the chaos of sensations and passions that fills the mind we have found any leisure for self-concentration and reflection,and have succeeded in gathering even a light harvest of experience from our distracted labours.Our occasional madness is less wonderful than our occasional sanity.Relapses into dreams are to be expected in a being whose brief existence is so like a dream;but who could have been sure of this sturdy and indomitable perseverance in the work of reason in spite of all checks and discouragements?Passage TwoIt is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction,biography,poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds,asking of fiction that it shall be true,of poetry that it shall be false,of biography that it shall be flattering,of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read,that would be an admirable beginning.Do not dictate to your author;try to become him.Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first,you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness,from the twist and turn of the first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.Steep yourself in this,acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you,or attempting to give you,something far more definite.Passage ThreeVery ready we are to say of a book,“How good this is—that’s exactly what I think!”But the right feeling is,“How strange that is!I never thought of that before,and yet I see it is true;or if Ido not now,I hope I shall,some day.”But whether thus submissively or not,at least be sure that you go to the author to get at his meaning,not to find yours.Judge it afterwards,if you think yourself qualified to do so;but ascertain it first.And be sure also,if the author is worth anything, that you will not get at his meaning all at once;—nay,that at his whole meaning you will not for a long time arrive in any wise.Not that he does not say what he means,and in strong words too; but he cannot say it all;and what is stranger,will not,but in a hidden way and parables,in order that he may be sure you want it.I cannot quite see the reason of this,nor analyze that cruel reticence in the breasts of wise men which makes them always hide their deeper thought.They do not give it to you by way of help,but of reward,and will make themselves sure that you deserve it before they allow you to reach it.IV.Translate the following passages into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points,20points each)Passage One我开始写小说，是在进了女师的第二年，那时刚满十五岁。
