大英三英译汉

新标准大学英语综合教程3 汉译英英译汉1.Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don't have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.2. 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。

虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。

(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.1. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like thisagain, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。

对外经贸大学夜大学2019 - 2020学年度第1学期大学英语(3)平时作业(1)姓名_________ 层次_______ 专业_______学号：____________ 分数：_________注意：请把答案写在答题纸上，写在本卷上无效。

I. 单项选择题(每题1分，共30题)1.____D____ the warning that smoking kills, the number of smokers does not seem to drop in our country.A. WithB. ForC. AsD. Despite2.I thought that was the end of the matter but ___A___ events proved me wrong.A. subsequentB. consequentC. frequentD. sequential3.A___ on the spot.A. dismissedB. switchedC. interruptedD. revealed4.Joe wrote to say that he had to ___B___ his visit because of his illness.A. put onB. put offC. put inD. put apart5.Suggesting something which he or she can do ____D____ the child's sense of achievement.A. makes upB. pass onC. brings upD. adds to6.Tourism authorities ____D____ quickly to reports of the attack, claiming that it was accidental and that crime against tourists was quite rare in the scenic areas.A. addedB. fastenedC. skippedD. responded7.is ____B___ faster than we think.A. catching onB. running outC. stepping upD. revolving around8.In order to reach ___AA. maximumB. temporaryC. extensiveD. detached9.The conference was an attempt to ____ A____ discussion of the problem of widening gaps between the rich and the poor.A. stimulateB. conductC. intendD. uncover10.T o attract foreign investors, you have to ____ D____ them that theirinvestment will have profitable returns.A. confirmB. stimulateC. grabD. convince11.F rom her _____C_____ I guess she is from the South.A. actionB. accessC. accentD. assess12.B ut for his help, I __________ B____________.A. would not have succeededB. had not succeededC. did not succeedD. have not succeeded13.I was greatly shocked by the way Henry ______ B______ the affairs of such abig business.A. intendedB. conductedC. splendidD. surprised14.T he official ____ C____ of events is that the police were attacked and werejsut trying to defend themselves.A. issueB. illusionC. versionD. perspective15.O ur system has been designed to give the user quick and easy ___ B___ tothe required information.A. accentB. accessC. responseD. approach16.S o far only a dozen people who had direct contact with live chickens have___ C____ the bird flu.A. distributedB. displayedC. contractedD. constituted17.A t the trial, Bob's teacher, __ B__ was called as a character witness, said hewas a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which18.W e can't __ B__ the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided toremain silent.A. interpretB. assumeC. grantD. arrest19.C ounterculturists are those young people _____ C_____ oppose thestandards and values of established society.A. whoseB. whomC. whoD. what20. I t was very clever of her to turn his argument ____ B ____ himself. A. toB. againstC. aboveD. back21. T he lawyer outlined the case to him, being careful not to ___ C ____ anything important.A. save upB. cut throughC. leave outD. take out22. W hat type of automobile would you buy ？ ________ D _________A. if you have free choice to choose the cars available todayB. if you are free to choose among all the cars available todayC. if all cars available were free to be chosen by youD. if you were free to choose among all the carsavailable today 23. T he designers made the most ____ B ____ water gardens to match the houses, with canals, fountains and cascades.A. casualB. elaborateC. fruitfulD. frantic24. I f you had not studied the problem carefully until recently, ___ C ____.A. you will find yourself in a difficult situation nowB. you would have found yourself in a difficult situation nowC. you would find yourself in adifficult situation now D. you have found yourself in a difficult situation now25. T he whole process of being arrested and ____ C ____ was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now.A. to be taken to courtB. taking to courtC. taken to courtD. take to court 26. T he notice ___ D ___ to be just the dogs fighting for a bone in the courtyard. A. made outB. worked outC. rang outD. turned out 27. ____ DA. If Mike is able to finish hishomework B. Would Mike be able to finish his homeworkC. If Mike could finish his homeworkD. If Mike had been able to finish his homework 28. A ll the questions the police asked ____ B ____ what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. brought upB. revolved aroundC. build onD. singled out29. M any young women do aerobics every day in their ____ A ____ to achieve the perfect body.A. questB. strainC. temptationD. campaign30. T he professor ___ C ____ the whole chapter, saying it was not difficult for us to study it by ourselves.A. dismissedB. coveredC. skippedD. exploredII. 填空题(每题1分，共10题)1.Natural gas gives ____off____ less carbon dioxide than coal.2.There are dozens of restaurants in the town, but this is __the cheapest__ (最便宜的饭店[the + adj.]) here.3.___Despite___ the fact that there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy, the search party still went on looking.4.When we returned from a trip abroad, we found weeds springing __up__ everywhere in our backyard.5.(part) The Chinese premier is the __couterpart__ of the British prime minister. They are both heads of their governments.6.Miss London brought a countercharge against the man who accused her____of_____ theft.7.(apply) Are the research results __applied__ over a wide range of circumstances?8.The expansion of the library ___on___ which student life centers is one of the most important problems to be solved.9.(regret) The police admitted to having made a __regrettable__ mistake in arresting an innocent young man.10.In the past few years my aunt has saved __up__ enough money to buy ahouse.III. 辨错题Directions: You are required to identify the only one mistake among the four underlined parts. (每题1分，共10题)1.Sally must have called(A) her sister last night, butshe arrived(B) home too(C) late to call(D) her. 答案：A2.Sandra has not rarely(A) missed a play or(B) concert since(C) she wasseventeen years old.(D) 答案：A3.The Board of Realtors doesn't have(A) any informations(B) about theincrease(C) in rent for(D) this area. 答案：B4.Bats are able(A) to guide them(B) by producing sound waves too high(C) forus to hear.(D) 答案：B5.This class has cancelled(A) because too few(B) students hadregistered(C) before(D) registration closed. 答案：A6.Something has happened since I have left(A) you this morning thatmakes it(B) impossible for me to see you tomorrow as(C) I said I would(D).答案：Acation on(A) environmental issues it should include(B) not only physicalproblems like(C) pollution but also social problems caused by(D) 答案：B 8.The salesman told me that(A) a good set of tires were(B) supposed to last(C) atleast(D) twenty thousand miles. 答案：B9.The report that Karl wrote on(A) the mating behavior of the(B) bees in thisarea was definitely better(C) than Bob.(D) 答案：D10.The group of spectators(A) was dispersed(B)by the police who was(C)at thescene of the accident within minutes.(D) 答案：CIV. 完形填空Directions: For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.(每题1分，共10题)Religious and private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the Unite States, and, as a result, are usually somewhat expensive to _1_. The largest group of religious schools in America _2_ by the Roman Catholic Church. While religious schools tend to be less expensive than private schools, there are usually some fees.When there is free education available to all children in the Unite States, why do people _3_ money on private schools? Americans offer a great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to _4_ their children to schools _5_ classes tend to be smaller, or where religious instruction is included as part of the educational program, or because, _6_ their opinion, the public schools in their area are not _7_ high enough quality to meet their needs. Private schools in the Unite States differ widely in size, quality, and in the kind of program that are offered to meet _8_ of certain students.The degree to which American parents are active in their children's schools is often _9_ to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations consisting of both parents and teachers, usually called P.T.Afor Parent-Teacher-Association. They meet together to _10_ various matters concerning the school. Parents often give their time to help with classroom or after school activities.1.A. goB. attendC. take part inD. enroll答案：B2.A. were runB. runC. is runD. is running答案：C3.A. spendB. payC. costD. take答案：A4.A. bringB. bringingC. sendD. sending答案：A5.A. whichB. whatC. in thatD. where答案：A6.A. toB. inC. onD. for答案：C7.A. /B. inC. ofD. on答案：D8.A. the needsB. the satisfactionC. needsD. need答案：B9.A. surpriseB. surprisedC. surprisingD. striking答案：C10.A. talk toC. discussD. exchange答案：AV. 汉译英Directions: Translate the following into English.(每题2分，共5题)1.她的结论是建立在对当前国际情况进行了认真的分析的基础上的。

第五部分：英译汉26.你不必再去那里了。

他已经知道了。

27.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。

28.无机材料最常见的样品是大气、水、岩石等气体。

29.这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。

30.弗雷德是个如此用功的学生，以至于他很快就成了我们班的第一名。

31.泰德和威廉在同一个屋檐下生活了五年。

第六部分：写作Digital productNowadays, with the rapid development of advanced digital technology, more and more digital products are widely used in daily life. Living in the digital age, we will inevitably come into contact with various digital products, such as digital cameras, digital computers, digital televisions, etc., and their types and quantities are increasing. Believe it or not, if you look at yourself, you can easily find one or two such things.More and more digital products will have a great impact on our work, study and daily life. On the one hand, our life is beneficial to digital products, and digital products really facilitate our life. With the help of computers, we can handle our work efficiently and enjoy music at the same time. Digital cameras can delete or correct our "unsuccessful" photos, which is impossible with traditional cameras. Similarly, with digital TV, we can enjoy more channels and higher quality scenes than traditional TV. Up to now, the extensive use of our contacts and mobile phones has enabled us to increase communication and contact anytime and anywhere. On the other hand, I have worked, digital products have created more convenience and working conditions, and our work efficiency has been greatly improved. The use of washing machines has greatly reduced our washing time. These modern digital products provide us with a more convenient life than before.However, just as every coin has two sides, some people are becoming too dependent on digital products and almost becoming slaves of advanced technology. Now some students can't study without even wearing MP4 and mobile phones. More and more students watch the phone on the road, which is very dangerous. We should avoid this kind of behavior. Secondly, the use of various illegal websites for network management has been imperfect, interspersed with pornography and violence, which is difficult to detect, which has a great impact on our physical and mental health. Third, when we travel, most people are too busy taking pictures to appreciate the beautiful scenery. After taking pictures with digital cameras, we store them and never look at them again.In a word, digital products are like a double-edged sword.With them, we may have less trouble in dealing with problems in our lives and enjoy a better life. However, it should be remembered that we should use them wisely and always be their masters. We should focus on taking advantage of the development of the problem, give full play to its positive role and avoid its negative impact.。

大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。

翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。

四级长度为140-160个汉字。

)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。

例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。

那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。

中秋节是观赏满月的日子。

圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。

因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year‟s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

参考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year‟s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the new year cake.难点精析■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。

对外经贸大学夜大学2019 - 2020学年度第1学期大学英语(3)平时作业(1)姓名_________ 层次_______ 专业_______学号：____________ 分数：_________注意：请把答案写在答题纸上，写在本卷上无效。

I. 单项选择题Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.(每题1分，共30题)1.____D____ the warning that smoking kills, the number of smokers does not seem to drop in our country.A. WithB. ForC. AsD. Despite2.I thought that was the end of the matter but ___A___ events proved me wrong.A. subsequentB. consequentC. frequentD. sequential3.Whoever disobeys the company's safety regulations shall be ___ A___ on the spot.A. dismissedB. switchedC. interruptedD. revealed4.Joe wrote to say that he had to ___B___ his visit because of his illness.A. put onB. put offC. put inD. put apart5.Suggesting something which he or she can do ____D____ the child's sense of achievement.A. makes upB. pass onC. brings upD. adds to6.Tourism authorities ____D____ quickly to reports of the attack, claiming that it was accidental and that crime against tourists was quite rare in the scenic areas.A. addedB. fastenedC. skippedD. responded7.We must come to a decision and take action quickly, for time is ____B___faster than we think.A. catching onB. running outC. stepping upD. revolving around8.In order to reach ___A___ physical fitness for the coming match, he cut out all social activities.A. maximumB. temporaryC. extensiveD. detached9.The conference was an attempt to ____ A____ discussion of the problem of widening gaps between the rich and the poor.A. stimulateB. conductC. intendD. uncover10.T o attract foreign investors, you have to ____D____ them that theirinvestment will have profitable returns.A. confirmB. stimulateC. grabD. convince11.F rom her _____C_____ I guess she is from the South.A. actionB. accessC. accentD. assess12.B ut for his help, I __________ B____________.A. would not have succeededB. had not succeededC. did not succeedD. have not succeeded13.I was greatly shocked by the way Henry ______ B______ the affairs of such abig business.A. intendedB. conductedC. splendidD. surprised14.T he official ____ C____ of events is that the police were attacked and werejsut trying to defend themselves.A. issueB. illusionC. versionD. perspective15.O ur system has been designed to give the user quick and easy ___ B___ to therequired information.A. accentB. accessC. responseD. approach16.S o far only a dozen people who had direct contact with live chickens have ___C____ the bird flu.A. distributedB. displayedC. contractedD. constituted17.A t the trial, Bob's teacher, __ B__ was called as a character witness, said hewas a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which18.W e can't __B__ the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided toremain silent.A. interpretB. assumeC. grantD. arrest19.C ounterculturists are those young people _____ C_____ oppose the standardsand values of established society.A. whoseB. whomC. whoD. what20.I t was very clever of her to turn his argument ____ B____ himself.A. toB. againstC. aboveD. back21.T he lawyer outlined the case to him, being careful not to ___ C____ anythingimportant.A. save upB. cut throughC. leave outD. take out22.W hat type of automobile would you buy ？________ D_________A. if you have free choice to choose the cars available todayB. if you are free to choose among all the cars available todayC. if all cars available were free to be chosen by youD. if you were free to choose among all the cars available today23.T he designers made the most ____ B____ water gardens to match the houses,with canals, fountains and cascades.A. casualB. elaborateC. fruitfulD. frantic24.I f you had not studied the problem carefully until recently, ___ C____.A. you will find yourself in a difficult situation nowB. you would have found yourself in a difficult situation nowC. you would find yourself in a difficultsituation nowD. you have found yourself in a difficult situation now25.T he whole process of being arrested and ____ C____ was a rather unpleasantexperience at the time, but it makes a good story now.A. to be taken to courtB. taking to courtC. taken to courtD. take to court26.T he notice ___ D___ to be just the dogs fighting for a bone in the courtyard.A. made outB. worked outC. rang outD. turned out27.____ D____, he would have come to class.A. If Mike is able to finish hishomeworkB. Would Mike be able to finish his homeworkC. If Mike could finish his homeworkD. If Mike had been able to finish his homework28.A ll the questions the police asked ____ B____ what she had been doing on thenight of the robbery.A. brought upB. revolved aroundC. build onD. singled out29.M any young women do aerobics every day in their ____ A____ to achieve theperfect body.A. questB. strainC. temptationD. campaign30.T he professor ___ C____ the whole chapter, saying it was not difficult for usto study it by ourselves.A. dismissedB. coveredC. skippedD. exploredII. 填空题Directions: Complete each of the following sentences according to the hints in brackets if any.(每题1分，共10题)1.Natural gas gives ____off____ less carbon dioxide than coal.2.There are dozens of restaurants in the town, but this is __thecheapest__ (最便宜的饭店[the + adj.]) here.3.___Despite___ the fact that there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy, the search party still went on looking.4.When we returned from a trip abroad, we found weeds springing __up__ everywhere in our backyard.5.(part) The Chinese premier is the __couterpart__ of the British prime minister. They are both heads of their governments.6.Miss London brought a countercharge against the man who accused her____of_____ theft.7.(apply) Are the research results __applied__ over a wide range of circumstances?8.The expansion of the library ___on___ which student life centers is one of the most important problems to be solved.9.(regret) The police admitted to having made a __regrettable__ mistake in arresting an innocent young man.10.In the past few years my aunt has saved __up__ enough money to buy ahouse.III. 辨错题Directions: You are required to identify the only one mistake among the four underlined parts. (每题1分，共10题)1.Sally must have called(A) her sister last night, butshe arrived(B) home too(C) late to call(D) her.答案：A2.Sandra has not rarely(A) missed a play or(B) concert since(C) she wasseventeen years old.(D)答案：A3.The Board of Realtors doesn't have(A) any informations(B) about theincrease(C) in rent for(D) this area.答案：B4.Bats are able(A) to guide them(B) by producing sound waves too high(C) forus to hear.(D)答案：B5.This class has cancelled(A) because too few(B) students hadregistered(C) before(D) registration closed.答案：A6.Something has happened since I have left(A) you this morning thatmakes it(B) impossible for me to see you tomorrow as(C) I said I would(D).答案：Acation on(A) environmental issues it should include(B) not only physicalproblems like(C) pollution but also social problems caused by(D)答案：B8.The salesman told me that(A) a good set of tires were(B) supposed to last(C) atleast(D) twenty thousand miles.答案：B9.The report that Karl wrote on(A) the mating behavior of the(B) bees in thisarea was definitely better(C) than Bob.(D)答案：D10.The group of spectators(A) was dispersed(B)by the police who was(C)at thescene of the accident within minutes.(D)答案：CIV. 完形填空Directions: For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.(每题1分，共10题) Religious and private schools receive little or no support from public taxes in the Unite States, and, as a result, are usually somewhat expensive to _1_. The largest group of religious schools in America _2_ by the Roman Catholic Church. While religious schools tend to be less expensive than private schools, there are usually some fees.When there is free education available to all children in the Unite States, why do people _3_ money on private schools? Americans offer a great variety of reasons for doing so, including the desire of some parents to _4_ their children to schools _5_ classes tend to be smaller, or where religious instruction is included as part of the educational program, or because, _6_ their opinion, the public schools in their area are not _7_ high enough qualityto meet their needs. Private schools in the Unite States differ widely in size, quality, and in the kind of program that are offered to meet _8_ of certain students.The degree to which American parents are active in their children's schools is often _9_ to people of other countries. Most schools have organizations consisting of both parents and teachers, usually called P.T.A for Parent-Teacher-Association. They meet together to _10_ various matters concerning the school. Parents often give their time to help with classroom or after school activities.1.A. goB. attendC. take part inD. enroll答案：B2.A. were runB. runC. is runD. is running答案：C3.A. spendB. payC. costD. take答案：A4.A. bringB. bringingC. sendD. sending答案：A5.A. whichB. whatC. in thatD. where答案：A6.A. toB. inC. onD. for答案：C7.A. /B. inC. ofD. on答案：D8.A. the needsB. the satisfactionC. needsD. need答案：B9.A. surpriseB. surprisedC. surprisingD. striking答案：C10.A. talk toB. commentC. discussD. exchange答案：AV. 汉译英Directions: Translate the following into English.(每题2分，共5题)1.她的结论是建立在对当前国际情况进行了认真的分析的基础上的。

摘要本文是一篇关于关于将爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》汉译成适合广大中国读者阅读的中文译本的翻译实践报告。

在当前英国脱欧的历史背景下，爱尔兰和北爱尔兰的边境问题成为当下国际社会密切关注的一个时事热点。

而爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》讲述了19世纪80年代一批英国皇家工程兵受英国政府派遣，在多尼戈尔郡的一个爱尔兰语社区进行地貌测绘，并将爱尔兰语地名全部翻译为英语地名的殖民史实。

通过阅读《翻译》，读者可以了解到爱尔兰19世纪的这段被大英帝国殖民统治的历史，有助于理解当前英国脱欧背景下爱尔兰热点问题的历史缘由。

在翻译剧本《翻译》之前，译者做了译前准备工作，针对剧本中的理解难点进行了分析，通过查询有关文献，发现剧本中影响译者和读者理解的很多词汇都属于文化专有项的范畴。

译者根据艾克西拉和诺德关于文化专有项的定义以及纽马克关于文化专有项的分类方法对戏剧《翻译》里出现的文化专有项进行了归类,将戏剧中出现的文化专有项分为三大类别，即地理生态，物质文化和组织机构。

然后根据戴维斯提出的七种翻译策略，以举例分析的方式阐述了译者如何利用这七种策略进行翻译实践。

接着通过举例分析了戏剧《翻译》中三大类别的文化专有项的翻译思路及其对应翻译策略。

综上所述，本文从文化专有项的翻译策略和思路来分析了爱尔兰戏剧《翻译》的翻译过程，为后面的译者在戏剧翻译方面提供了一种参考方法。

关键词：《翻译》；爱尔兰戏剧；布莱恩·弗里尔；文化专有项；AbstractThis is a translation report on the English-Chinese translation of the Irish drama Translations, which analyzes how the translator translated this drama into a target text in simplified Chinese that is readable for ordinary Chinese readers. In the context of Brexit, the Ireland border issue is currently an international hot topic that has attracted attention across the globe. The Irish drama Translations tells about h er Majestey‘s Government sending a group of royal engineers to County Donegal in Ireland to carry out the ordnance survey of this area and change all the geographic names of this county into anglicized and standardized versions in the 1880s. (Qi Yaping 2010:119) By reading Translations, readers can gain an overview on Britain‘s colonization of Ireland i n this period, which helps them understand the historical causes of the Ireland border issues.Before starting the translation task, the author made many pre-translation preparations. By studying the source text, the author found most of the unreadable terms belong to Culture-specific Items. Based on the definition of Culture-specific Items by Aixelá and Nord, as well as the classification method by Newmark, the author classified the Culture-specific Items in Translations into three main categories, ecology, material culture and organizations. By studying the seven translation methods proposed by Davies, the author analyzed each translation strategy through case studies. Then the author analyzed the translation of the three categories of Culture-specific Items in drama Translations and relevant translation strategies employed. Above all, the author of this report explored the translation of Irish drama Translations from the perspective of Culture-specific Items, which could provide later translators a reference on drama translation.Keywords：Translations; Ireland Drama; Brian Friel; Culture-specific Items;CONTENTSCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION (1)1.1 Brief Introduction to the Translation Task (1)1.2 Target Readers and Requirements of the Client (2)1.2.1 The Target Readers (2)1.2.2 Requirements Proposed by the Client (2)1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Translation Task (3)CHAPTER TWO PRE-TRANSLATION (4)2.1 Convert Format of the Source Text (4)2.2 Analysis of the Source Text (7)2.2.1 Historical Background of the Drama Translations (7)2.2.2 Plot and Characters of the Drama Translations (7)2.2.3 Lexical Features of the Source Text (9)2.2.4 Syntactical Features of the Source Text (10)2.3 Culture-specific Items and Their Translation Strategies (11)2.3.1 Definition of the Culture-specific Items (12)2.3.2 Division of Culture-specific Items (13)2.3.3 Translation Strategies and Methods (14)CHAPTER THREE THE TRANSLATION PROCESS (22)3.1 Translation of the Culture-specific Items on Ecology (22)3.2 Translation of the Culture-specific Items on Material Culture (23)3.3 Translation of the Culture-specific Items on Organizations Terms (25)3.3.1 Translation of Religious terms (25)3.3.2 Translation of Administrative Terms (26)3.4 Summary (27)CAPTER FOUR POST-TRANSLATION (28)CONCLUSION (29)BIBLIOGRAPHY (30)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (33)Appendix (34)CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION1.1 Brief Introduction to the Translation TaskSince the late 19th century, Irish drama has played an important role in modern theatre literature in the transmission of ideas and ideology. In the 1960s, the famous Irish playwright Brian Friel emerged with his well-known Field Day Theatre Company. Both audience and critics rapidly acknowledged his dramas. Among his acclaimed dramas, Translations is a typical drama that focuses on language and communication, with its theme concerning the relationship between language, identity, politics, history and religion. (Castro, 2013) In order to introduce this drama to Chinese readers, Professor Li Chenjian entrusted the translation task of Translations to author of the report in 2016. Translating this drama from English to Chinese is an attempt to bring Chinese readers a new vision of Irish society in the 19th century. It is also the first time this drama has been translated into Chinese.To complete this translation project, the author of this report needs to complete the following tasks:1) convert the source text from pictures of JPG format into a whole WORD document;2) edit the converted source text to prepare it for translating;3) explore the historical background and playwright‘s creat ion ideas of this drama;4) pre-read the whole text to get an overview of the language features as well as difficult sentences;5) upload the prepared source text to the online translation software Jeemaa and completing the translation process;6) review and revise the translated target text in the online database;7) export the first draft of the translation;8) add footnotes to some difficult words and sentences;9) discuss with Professor Li about the words and sentences that need to be revised;10) revise the target text according to the discussion and read through the revised text to finalize the translation.1.2 Target Readers and Requirements of the ClientBefore starting this translation task, the report author carefully studied the requirements of Professor Li as well as the target readers and previewed the source text of the translation task in order to select proper translation strategies and translation methods accordingly.1.2.1 The Target ReadersAccording to Professor Li, the target readers are general Chinese readers who are interested in theatre literature but tend to, or can only, read Chinese books. As there is no plan to stage this drama in China so far, the performability of the target text is not considered here. That is, the actors or performers of this drama are not included in the target readers. This decides the purpose of the translation task, which is to provide the ordinary Chinese readers an Ireland drama in Chinese for reading. Therefore, this translation purpose helps to select proper translation methods accordingly.Based on our current education syllabus, ordinary readers who have completed their high school education could have the ability to appreciate a drama, either on stage or on the page. However, not everyone who completed high school education is familiar with Irish History or Culture. To provide readers an accessible translation, footnotes should be added to some Culture-specific Items in the target text.1.2.2 Requirements Proposed by the ClientTo achieve a better translation of this drama, Professor Li has proposed some requirements for the target text. The requirements are as follows:1）The source text should be the authoritative version of Translations as given in theformat of JPG.2）The layout of the target text should be consistent with that of the source text.3）The language of the target texts shall be plain and simple Chinese.4）The target text should be suitable for reading rather than staging.5）Footnotes should be added to some Culture-loaded words or sentences.6）The finalized version of this translation task should be ready for printing.1.3 Purpose and Significance of the Translation TaskAccording to the demands of the target readers and the translation requirements by Professor Li, the purpose of this task is to provide the Chinese readers a Chinese version of the Ireland drama Translations.By reading Translations, the Chinese readers can gain an overview of Irish society in the 19th century. As the target text language is plain and smooth simple Chinese, general readers can read it as either a literary story or a historical legend. In the context of Brexit, reading this drama can also provide readers a historical view for the current Ireland border issues.On the other hand, the target text of this drama can also provide other translators with a reference for drama translation. During the translation process, the translator has made great efforts to translate the Culture-specific items in the source text. Davies‘ translation strategies are employed to make the translation more accurate and readable. This kind of target reader-oriented translation is also a good example for similar drama translation in the future.Besides, the author also learnt a lot on the translation strategies of drama translation during the translation process of this drama, as well as the connection between translation and culture studies, which is worth a further study.CHAPTER TWO PRE-TRANSLATIONAs mentioned before, this is the first time this drama has been translated into Chinese. Neither print nor electronic versions of this drama can be obtained in China. The source text provided by the client are pictures of the original drama in JPEG format. To start this translation task, several steps are required, including transforming the source text of Translations into an editable WORD document from these JPG format pictures, analyze the source text and select proper translation strategies and methods.2.1 Convert Format of the Source TextThe original source text is a file of pictures of the Translations in the JPG format. Just as shown in Fig. 2.1 a), it is non-editable. Therefore, the pictures should be converted into an editable WORD document first. A software named ABBYY was applied here.Fig. 2.1 a) one picture of the Translations in the JPG format After converting, the words in the pictures were kept in a WORD document. Then the WORD document was exported from the ABBYY. But the layout of the exported text was not the same as the original copy. There were mistakes in spelling, extra punctuation marks andsentences with missing words, as is shown in Fig. 2.1 b).Fig. 2.1 b) exported text in the WORD documentThe next step is to edit the exported text, correct spelling mistakes and add missing words according to the original pictures of the drama text. After that, the format of the revised text should also be reset to make it consistent with that of the source text. Then the text is ready for translation. As is shown in Fig.2.1 c), the layout of source text is now the same as it is in the original book.Fig. 2.1 c) reset source text that is ready for translation During the pre-processing of the source text, all the editing and typing should be carefully carried out according to the JPG format pictures. When it is completed, the first copy of this processed source text should also be checked sentence by sentence according to the original copy for several times to ensure it is accurate. After several proof readings untilalmost no mistake can be tracked, the source text is ready for translation. The next step is analyzing the source text.2.2 Analysis of the Source TextAs one of Brian Friel‘s representative dramatic works, Translations tells a story that happened in Baile Beag in County Donegal in Ireland in August 1833, which is based on actual historical events. To prepare for the translation task, an analysis of this drama is conducted on its historical background, plot and characters as well as its language features.2.2.1 Historical Background of the Drama TranslationsIn 1824, the British Parliament produced the first Ordnance Survey map of Ireland, which was intended to map and replace every Gaelic name by a translated English equivalent, or a comparable-sounding one in English. At the same time, the educational system in Ireland began a significant transformation. Gradually, all local Irish-speaking schools (the hedge schools) were replaced with national schools where English became the only language of instruction. Through this reform, the British clearly aimed to anglicize, or possibly even ―civilize‖ the Irish population. They also had more practical purposes, of course: taxation, penetration, and ultimately, domination (Reinares & Barberan, 2007:9)2.2.2 Plot and Characters of the Drama TranslationsBefore introducing the plot, profiles of the main characters are listed as follows according to their introduction in the drama. The introduction of the characters helps the reader to gain a quicker and better understanding of the drama plot. Therefore, this part should also be added to the target text as a reference.2.2.2.1 Introductions of the Main CharactersName IntroductionHugh The headmaster of a small hedge school housed in an old barn. He frequently drinks a large amount, but he is by no means drunk. (Brian Friel, 1996: 397) He isa consummate Irish storyteller and educator. He appears egocentric, but isabsolutely charming and astute.Manus Hugh‘s older son, Manus serves as his father‘s unpaid assistant at the hedge school, though he frequently takes the class because of his father‘s drinkinghabits. He is searching for a headmaster position of his own.Owen Hugh‘s younger son. He is now working in the English Army, as a part-time, underpaid, civilian interpreter. His job is to ―translate the quaint, archaic tongueyou people persist in speaking into the King‘s good English‖. (Brian Friel, 1996:404)Maire Manus‘s fiancée, a strong-minded and adventurous woman. (Brian Friel, 1996: 387) She wants to learn English. She is also heroine of the love triangle Manusand is involved in a romantic relationship with Manus and the Lieutenant.Lieutenant Yolland A British soldier working with Owen on the renaming of the Donegal countryside for the Ordnance Survey. Though he does not speak Gaelic, he is fascinated with the Irish countryside and fantasizes about settling down in Baile Beag. His disappearance at the end of this drama brings the drama to a climax.Captain Lancey Lieutenant Yolland‘s commanding officer. Lancey is the British captain leading the local Ordnance Survey efforts.Sarah A student in the hedge school, she has such a serious speech defect that she is considered dumb. (Brian Friel, 1996: 383) Only Manus sees her potential andteaches her slowly, painstakingly, to speak. She lives with an intensity borne ofthe need and inability to communicate.Jimmy Jack Known as the ―Infant Prodigy,‖ Jimmy Jack is a perpetual bachelor in his sixties.He lives in one set of clothes and rarely washes. Eccentric and benignly mad, heis fluent in Greek and Latin. He lives alone and comes to evening classes at thehedge school partly for the company, and partly for the intellectual stimulation.(Brian Friel, 1996: 383)Doalty An open-minded, open-hearted, generous and slightly thick young man. (Brian Friel, 1996: 389-390)Bridget A fresh young girl, ready to laugh, vain, and with a country woman‘s instinctive cunning. (Brian Friel, 1996: 390)Table 2.2.1 Main characters2.2.2.2 Plot of the TranslationsThe drama Translations was set in a hedge-school in the small town of Baile Beag, an Irish speaking community in County Donegal in the summer of 1833. Hugh O'Donnell was the headmaster of a hedge school, a kind of rural school in Ireland that provides basiceducation to farm families. Manus, Hugh's older son, helped his father to teach in the hedge-school. Hugh insisted on teaching in Irish, even though he knew that their language Gaelic would inevitably be replaced by English. Owen was Hugh‘s younger son, who came back to the town with the Royal Engineers, Captain Lancey and Lieutenant Yolland, who were sent to Baile Beag by the government to remap the Irish countryside and change place names into anglicized and standardized versions. One of the engineers, Lieutenant Yolland was then captivated by Irish culture and believes the work they were doing was an act of destruction. Besides this, a love triangle developed among Manus, Yolland and Maire, a strong-minded and adventurous woman in the village. Yolland disappeared mysteriously, and Manus left town, broken-hearted. Owen realized he must remain true to his roots and decided to join the Irish resistance. The drama ended ambiguously, with no solution to the stories, which keeps readers and audience in suspense.The plot of Translations revolves around two main events. First, the arrival of a platoon of Royal Engineers, Lancey and Yolland in Baile Beag. Second, the imminent abolition of the local hedge school, which was run by the schoolmaster Hugh; and its substitution with the new state-run national school and, consequently, the substitution of Irish for English as the teaching language of the Irish speaking community. (Randaccio 2013:115)2.2.3 Lexical Features of the Source TextAs analyzed by the translator before starting the translation task, the most unique lexical feature of the drama Translations is it contains many Gaelic words which are not easy to understand even for English-speakers, such as, poteen (爱尔兰玻丁酒), aqua vitae (―生命之水‖蒸馏酒) and aul fella (老朋友). Besides, there are also many Greek and Latin words and sentences in the drama. As their relevant English translation has been given in the Appendix of the source text, these languages are not going to be discussed here.Besides, there are also many slangs that use some simple words but difficult to understand, such as the preposit ion ‗off‘ from the following sentences.MAIRE：Honest to God, I must be going off my head. I‘m half-way here and I think to myself, ‗Isn‘t this can very light?‘ and I look into it and isn‘t it empty.（梅尔：天哪，我一定是疯了。

1、矿工们给自己的工会头起绰号为‘左撇子’The miners nickname their union leader lefty.2、媒体把这件事描述成划时代的事件The media describe the event as epoch making.3、在那些贫困的日子里，这家人没有失去自己的梦想I think it immoral to take advantage of their dreams alive.4如果那些孩子除了什么事，我要你们负责任。

We’ll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children.5、我们应该把失败和挫折看成生活中的一部分。

We should see setbacks and failures as a necesssary part of our lives.6、在黑暗中，他躺在床上静听冷雨敲窗。

Lying in bed in dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window.7、我们把林教授视为教师，朋友，好友We looking upon perfessor lin as instructor. ,Friend and adviser all in one.’8、他们的事迹使我们考虑在同样情况下我们会怎么做。

Their stories set us wondering that we would do under similar circumstances.9、无论一天工作结束时多晚她都会把东西放回原处。

No matter how late she finishes the day’s work, she leaves everything in their place.10、我们很失望的发现新来的经理很能干，但是不好相处。

大英赛题型介绍大英赛题型有：听力理解题、单项选择题、完形填空题、阅读理解题、翻译题、智力测试题、短文改错题和写作题。

大英赛一般指全国大学生英语竞赛，它是高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会和高等学校大学外语教学研究会组织的全国唯一一个考查大学生英语综合能力的竞赛活动。

一、全国大学生英语竞赛含义介绍概念：大英赛一般指全国大学生英语竞赛，简称NECCS，是高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会和高等学校大学外语教学研究会组织的全国唯一一个考查大学生英语综合能力的竞赛活动。

本竞赛旨在配合教育部高等教育教学水平评估工作，贯彻落实教育部关于大学英语教学改革和考试改革精神，激发广大学生学习英语的兴趣，促进大学生英语水平的全面提高，选拔并奖励大学英语学习成绩优秀的大学生。

二、全国大学生英语竞赛对象及时间形式介绍对象：根据《2019年全国大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)简章》的说明，2019年大学生英语竞赛分A、B、C、D四个类别，全国各高校的研究生及本、专科所有年级的大学生均可自愿报名参赛。

A 类考试适用于研究生参加；B类考试适用于英语专业本、专科学生参加；C类考试适用于非英语专业本科生参加；D类考试适用于体育类和艺术类本科生和非英语专业高职高专类学生参加。

考试时间：初赛时间及形式：初赛定于每年的4月中旬（4月第二个星期日）上午9：00一11：00在全国各地同时举行。

初赛赛题包括笔答和听力两部分。

初赛听力采取播放录音的形式。

决赛时间及形式：决赛笔试（含听力）定于每年5月中旬（5月第二个星期日）上午9：00一11：00在全国各地同时举行。

全国总决赛时间及形式：全国大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）全国总决赛在每年暑假期间举办。

三、全国大学生英语竞赛题型介绍全国大学生英语竞赛题型有：听力理解题、单项选择题、完形填空题、阅读理解题、翻译题、智力测试题、短文改错题和写作题。

1、听力理解题：共分为A、B、C、D四个部分，共计30道小题，每小题计1分，总分为30分。

新视野大学英语3第三版课文翻译Unit 1 The Way to Success课文ANever, ever give up!永不言弃！As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said, "Young gentlemen, the greatest speaker of our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever sound advice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!"英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。

高级口译复习30篇之英译汉（上）Passage 1Australia is a land of exceptional beauty. It is the world's smallest continent and largest island, and a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. A series of geological and historical accidents has made Australia one of the world's most attractive counties from the tourist's viewpoint. This country has a land area of 7,686, 850 square kilometers and its coastline is 36,735 kilometers.// The vast movements of the earth's crust created a vast land of Australia, isolated it and positioned it across the tropical and temperate climatic zones. This land has a small population, which left enormous areas unspoiled. Here you witness an astonishing variety of environments, from desert to rain forest, tropical beach to white snowfield, from big, sophisticated cities to vast uninhabited areas.//澳大利亚是一个异常美丽的国家。

英语翻译试题一、填空题（每小题3分,共30分。

)1、使我们惊讶的是,他什么也没说就走了。

，he left without saying anything。

2、作为学生，我们很有必要更专心于学习。

As students, for us our study。

3、以前你做作业总是用很长时间吗?a long time ?4、她似乎对电脑更感兴趣。

She in computers.5、我打算休五天假。

I'm going to .6、台湾（Tibet)属于中国。

Tibet ________________________________ China.7、他们对时间非常放松。

They are pretty time.8、她的爷爷习惯于早起。

His grandfather early。

9、他所说的话使我很悲伤。

_______________________________________________________。

10、我想和他交朋友。

I want to二、把下列词语或短语翻译成中文（每小题2分，共20分。

）1、Ethiopia2、Encyclopaedia Britanica3、geneticist4、multilateral principles5、investment in cash and in kind6、the budget for revenues and expenditures7、self—sufficiency though self-reliance8、diesel locomotive9、appreciation of RMB10、aviation and marine insurance三、把下列中文翻译成英文(每小题2分,共20分。

）1、润滑油：2、《世界版权公约》:3、欢迎宴会：4、欧洲联盟:5、非政府组织：6、文学流派：7、京杭大运河:8、专属经济区:9、青藏铁路：10、社会保障：四、英译汉（翻译划横线的句子，每小题10分，共30分.)1、Jess really felt very happy。

大英三作业一1 - It's really a good dinner, isn't it- _______________________A. Yes, I'd like to go.B. Yes, the food is just wonderful.C. I'm glad to hear that.D. It's very nice of you to say so.2. - I'd like to open an account here.- _______________________A. Yes, Madam. How can I help you?B. Oh, yes, please.C. I see. What kind of account, please?D. You can do whatever you like.3- Thank you for this wonderful party.- _______________________A. It's my pleasure.B. No, it's not so good as you say.C. I'm so glad you enjoy it.D. What do you think about it now?4 - I was wondering if you'd like to go skating?- _______________________A. Are you really interested in going?B. I often go skating on Saturday.C. I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't do it today.D. Don't you like it?5. - Have a nice weekend!- _______________________A. Of course I will.B. So will I.C. Not at all.D. Thanks. You too!6According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented ______ .A. in ancient ChinaB. in ancient EgyptC. in ancient GreeceD. in ancient Rome7 Which of the following statements is not true about the umbrella?A. No one exactly knows who was the inventor of the umbrella.B. The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.C. The umbrella changed much in style in the 18th century.D. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella.8 A strange feature of the umbrella's use is that it was used as ________ .A. protection against rainB. a symbol of honour and powerC. a shade against the sunD. women's decoration9 In Europe, the umbrella was first used against the rain ______.A. during the Middle AgesB. in the 18th centuryC. in RomeD. in Greece10 This passage talks mainly about______ .A. when and how the umbrella was inventedB. why the umbrella was so popular in EuropeC. the development of the umbrellaD. the history and use of the umbrella11 What kind of physical problem do many grown-up Americans have?A. They are too thin.B. They work too hard.C. They are too fat.D. They lose too much body fat.12 Based on the information given in this article, suppose there are 500 grown-up Americans, about how many of them have a weight problem?A. 30B. 50C. 100D. 15013 Are there scientific facts to support that eating too much is the cause of the" weight problem"?A. Yes, there are plenty of them.B. Of course, there are facts to show this is true.C. There are hardly any scientific facts to support this.D. We don't know because the information is not given14 Compared with the grown-up Americans today, The Americans of 1910_______.A. ate more food and had more physical activitiesB. ate less food but had more activitiesC. ate less food and had less physical activitiesD. had more weight problems15 What have some modern medical and scientific researchers reported to us?A. Fat people eat less food and are less active.B. Fat people eat more food and are more active.C. Fat people eat more food but are less active.D. Thin people run less but eat more food16 The client may win in court, but at the_______of destroying the business relationship, he says.A. moneyB. payC. expenseD. loss17 When I got home, the house was a complete _______.A. massB. messC. guessD. bus18 We usually eat lunch at home, why don't we make a _______ to eat at the restaurant.A. changeB. turnC. runD. go19 _______ you turn in your homework, you'd better check your answer carefully.A. BeforeB. AtC. InD. Between20 When I take a train home, I usually read novels to _______the time.A. cutB. doC. killD. kick21 .unless 22 way 23 whether 24 .discuss 25 .anybody 26 supposed 27 .idea 28 .allow 29 soon 30 .no第五部分：英译汉（共3小题；每题5分，满分15分）I am writing this letter to complain about the service in your hotel.答案：我写这封信主要是想抱怨你们酒店的服务质量。

英语翻译－各单元必会英汉互译词组Lesson 11. fellow countrymen 同胞2. average height 中等身材3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁5. to be seated 招呼坐下6. stand squarely 端端正正地站着7. more than ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁8. revolutionary road 革命道路9. Chinese communist Party 中国共产党10. full member 正式成员11. membership 党籍12. keep a secret 保密Lesson 21. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同2. to and fro 走来走去3. upturn face 仰着脸4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼6. dense fog 大雾7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry10. 探测绳sounding-lineLesson 31. 各种流派的different schools2. 前两天a few days ago3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to4. 传统观念traditional thinking5. 不合理的制度irrational system6. 最高境界the highest state7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up8. 主人公chief character/principal character9. 花言巧语flowery language10. 社会进步和人性发展social progress and human developmentLesson 41. 工业革命Industrial Revolution2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest4. 新兴城市the rising town5. 大胆的举止in a bolder manner6. 实干家practical man7. 交通动脉arteries of communication8. in the air 传说中，酝酿中9. source of power 能源10. outstanding feature 突出特点Lesson 51. 极西地带far west2. 山区mountainous regions3. 永久定居permanent settlement4. 为…打下基础lay foundations for5. 专门从事devote exclusively to6. 合法手续legal title7. establish communities 建立村镇8. stock-raising 养殖畜牧业9. open public domain 开放的公共地带10. regular event 常事11. high plains 高原12. criss-crossed 纵横交错Lesson 61. 新民主主义new democracy2. 五四运动the May 4th Movement3. 辛亥革命the Revolution of 19114. 革命知识分子revolutionary intellectuals5. 帝国主义imperialist6. 无产阶级proletariat7. 在…的号召下at the call of8. 小资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois intellectuals9. 统一战线的革命运动the revolutionary movement of a united front10. 平民文学literature for the common people11. 北伐战争the Northern Expedition12. 右翼the rightwingLesson 71. life-giving 赋予生命2. everlastingly 无穷无尽的3. the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲4. freshly harvested 刚割的5. Mediterranean 地中海6. the Pyramids 金字塔7. negative effects 不良的后果8. a ghost town 鬼城；被遗弃的荒芜的城镇9. brightly painted 颜色鲜艳的10. member of a team 队员11. 河流入海口the mouth of the river12. 水坝发电power generated by the dam Lesson 81. Mt. Lofty Ranges 洛夫蒂岭山2. average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量3. surveyor general 测量总监4. business district 商业区5. residential section 住宅区6. municipal government 自治政府7. lord mayoralty 市长的职位8. mineral deposit 矿藏9. marketing centre 贸易中心10. automobile components 汽车部件11. 地中海型气候Mediterranean climate12. 文艺节Festival of ArtsLesson 91. Palace Museum 故宫博物院2. walled courtyard 带围墙的院子3. watchtower 更楼4. complete group o f ancient buildings 完整的古代建筑群5. ravages of time 时间的摧残6. ancient Chinese architecture古代中国建筑7. historical sites 历史遗址8. cobbled roadway 鹅卵石路9. Golden Water Bridge 金水桥10. typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作Lesson 101. global economy 全球性的经济2. sovereign nation 主权国家3. mutual prosperity 共同繁荣4. sum total 总数，总额5. foreign investment 外国投资6. per capita GNP 人均国民生产总值7. 沿海地区coastal areas8. 平均率average rate9. 电力生产electrical production10. 双边贸易two way trade11. 外汇foreign exchange12. 生活水平standard of livingLesson 111. marine insurance 海事保险2. flows of capital资本流动3. foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易4. outward investor 对外投资者5. Pacific region 太平洋地区6. the right climate for 良好的环境7. vast size and resources 地大物博8. to take a real interest in sth. 密切关注某事9. coastal city 沿海城市10. international community 国际社会11. entrepreneurial spirit 进取精神12. 对外开放政策the policy of opening to the outside world13. 世界投资体系world investment system14. 经济改革economic reformsLesson 121. 基本方针basic principle2. 自给自足self-sufficiency3. 客观有利因素favorable objective factors4. 生产条件production condition5. 耕地cultivated land6. 中、低产田medium-and-low-yield land7. 灌溉面积irrigated areas8. 宜农荒地arable land9. 复种指数multiple crop index10. 水利工程water-control projects11. 单位面积产量the yield per unit area12. 粮食总产量目标total grain output target Lesson 131. agonizing flashback 痛苦的回忆2. come and go 霎时即去3. property damage 财产损失4. monotonous 单调的，枯燥的5. flash-flooding 暴雨成灾6. to imprint on one’s mind 印在某人的脑海里7. scare tactic 吓唬人的办法8. power of nature 大自然的力量9. river bed 河床10. to give sth. much thought 仔细想某事11. 无情的relentless12. 雨季rainy seasonLesson 141. maternal grandfather 外祖父2. the flower of one’s youth 风华正茂3. popular science 科普读物4. undue absorption in the past 过分地怀念过去5. sucking vigor 汲取力量6. live one’s own life 独立生活7. the founder of Girton College 戈登学院的创办人8. clinging to youth 与年轻人呆在一起9. 过去的好时光the good old days10. 高等教育higher educationLesson 151. 旧梦重温going through old dreams2. 儿童出版社Children press3. 散文集collection of essays4. 丝绸之路the Silk Road5. 历史古迹the historic sites6. 大英博物馆the British Museum7. 简单的早餐simple breakfast8. 花坛flower bad9. 斗兽场arena10. 教皇PopeLesson 161. market-day 赶集的日子2.Sir John约翰爵士3.the renowned knight 著名的武士4.county history郡志5. lineal representative of the ancient family 古老世家的嫡派子孙Lesson 171. drug store 杂货店2. meticulously dressed 精心打扮，穿着讲究，一点不马虎3. tentative and uncertain manner 试探和踌躇的举止4.sb.’s face suddenly brighten 某人的脸上突然露出喜色Lesson 181. 初冬early winter2. 做中间人的；做中人的the go-between3. 月白色的pale green4. 祥林嫂Xianglin’s wife5. 试工期trial period6. 严厉的婆婆strict mother-in-law7. 打柴cut wood8. 熬夜to sit up9. 福礼sacrificial meat10.不惜力气not sparing oneself Lesson 191. a narrow swale 狭长的洼地2. the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和死亡3. the range of mountain 山脉4. mind and twist 蜿蜒5. a kind of invitation 殷勤邀请6. a beloved mother 亲爱的母亲7. dread of畏惧8. canyon峡谷9. sand bank 沙案10. part-time river 季节性河流Lesson 201. a far cry from 完全不同2. self-assurance 自信3. sober-faced 沉静的；镇静的4. odd-shaped 怪样子的5. well-mannered silence 规规矩矩，一声不响6. sailor suit 水手服7. the ice was broken 打破了僵局8. in unison 齐声；一致9. stare at sb. 凝视某人10. all of a sudden 突然11. resonant voice 洪亮的声音Lesson 211. 拉家带口be saddled with big family2. 拉排字车pull a hand cart3. 腊月二十三the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month4. 前台front stage5. 小买卖人a peddler6. 养家to support the family7. 喊嗓子to practice singing8. 零工odd jobs9. 排队queue up10. 落汤鸡a drowned rat11. it rains cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨12. no show, no pay 不响锣，不给钱Lesson 221. mineral oil 矿物油2. onboard ship 在船上3. on shore 在岸上4. at chemist’s 在药店5. internal combustion engine 内燃机6. carriage drawn by the horse 马车7. be superior to 优于；好于8. in this respect 在这方面9. a thin file of oil 薄薄的一层油10. oil-burning lamp 油灯Lesson 231. superhighway 高速公路2. applied entomology 应用昆虫学3. living organisms 生物体4. an insect-free world 无昆虫的世界5. now and again 有时6. right to know 知情权7. science of biotic controls 生物控制学8. turn one’s back on 拒绝；冷眼相看9. entomologist 昆虫学家10. geneticist 遗传学家Lesson 241. 自然资源natural resources2. 人均per capita3. 淡水资源freshwater resources4. 长期的long-term5. 国民经济national economy6. 战略任务strategic task7. 大陆架continental shelves8. 专属经济区遣exclusive economic zones9. 海洋生物sea creature10. 低纬度low latitude11. 沉积盆地sedimentation basin12. 海洋旅游业marine tourismLesson 251. environmental law 环保法2. noise pollution 噪声污染3. public concerns 公众关注4. industrial pollutions 工业污染5. federal law 联邦法6. vaguely worded 措辞含糊7. court of appeals 上诉法院8. to grant a license 颁发许可证9. natural beauty 自然美10. Federal power Commission 联邦电力委员会Lesson 261. The Contracting States 成员国；缔约国2. copyright 版权3. universal convention 世界公约4. international understanding 国际间的了解5. domestic legislation 国内立法6. as follows如下7. unpublished works 未出版的作品8. works of the human mind 人类精神产品Lesson 271. 中外合资经营企业Chinese -Foreign Equity Joint Venture2. 经济合作economic cooperation3. 技术交流technological exchange4. 平等互利的原则principle of equality and mutual benefit5. 公共利益public interest6. 有限责任公司a limited liability company7. 注册资本. Registered capital8. 工业产权industrial property rights9. 先进技术advanced technology10. 董事会board of directors11. 总会计师treasurer12. 审计师auditor13. 储备基金reserve fund14. 外汇账户foreign exchange account Lesson 281. toast 祝酒词2. common ground 共同点3. differences 分歧4. magnificent dinner 盛大晚宴5．Compromise 妥协；让步6．Welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会7．Telecommunicate 电讯8．Prime minister 总理Lesson 291. full diplomatic relations 正式外交关系2. the Long March 长征3. the policies of reform and opening to the outside world 改革和对外开放政策4. Sino-American relationship 中美关系5. historically significant experiment 具有历史意义的尝试6. developing country 发展中国家7．Developed country 发达国家8．International affairs 国际事务9．Scientific exchange 科学交流10．National security policy 国家安全政策Lesson 301. 金秋时节golden fall2. 学术交流academic exchange3. 加强合作to promote cooperation4. 历史文化传统historical and cultural traditions5. 深刻的影响a profound impact6. 生化方式way of life7. 民族团结ethnic harmony; ethnic solidarity8. 区域自治regional autonomy 9. 民族精神national spirit10. 周边环境neighboring environment11. 和平共处peaceful coexistence12.互相尊重mutual respect13.平等互利equality and mutual benefit14.互不干涉内政non-interference15.振兴中华rejuvenation of China。

2006年：英译汉：I have nothing to offer but blood，toil，tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal ofthe most grievous kind. We have before us many，many months of struggle and suffering. Y ou ask，what is our aim？I can answer in one word，it is victory. V ictory at all costsvictory in spiteof all terrors——victory，however long and hard the road may be，for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized，no survival for the British Empire，no survival for all that British Empire has stood for ，no survival for the urge，the impulse of the ages，that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture，at this time，to claim the aid of all and to say，“Come then，let us go forward together with our unitedstrength.我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。

大英赛练习题（打印版）# 大英赛练习题（打印版）## 阅读理解### 短文理解1. 阅读下面的短文，回答问题。

短文：在数字化时代，信息的传播速度前所未有。

社交媒体、新闻网站和即时通讯工具使得信息在几秒钟内就能传遍全球。

然而，这种快速的信息流动也带来了挑战，比如信息的准确性和真实性难以保证，假新闻和误导性信息的传播速度同样迅速。

问题：- 信息传播速度的加快带来了哪些挑战？- 社交媒体在信息传播中扮演了什么角色？### 长文理解2. 阅读下面的长文，回答问题。

长文：随着全球化的深入发展，不同文化之间的交流变得越来越频繁。

文化多样性不仅丰富了人类的精神生活，也为经济发展提供了新的机遇。

然而，文化差异也可能导致误解和冲突。

因此，跨文化交流的能力变得尤为重要。

它要求我们不仅要了解其他文化，还要学会尊重和欣赏它们。

问题：- 全球化对文化交流有何影响？- 为什么跨文化交流的能力变得重要？## 完形填空3. 阅读下面的短文，从括号中选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。

随着科技的发展，人工智能（AI）已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

它不仅改变了我们的工作方式，也改变了我们的生活习惯。

AI技术可以（极大地/轻微地）提高生产效率，减少人为错误，并且能够（处理/忽略）大量数据。

此外，AI还能（预测/回忆）未来的趋势，帮助我们做出更好的决策。

## 翻译### 英译汉4. 将下面的英文句子翻译成中文。

- "The rapid advancement of technology has led tosignificant changes in the way we live and work."- "Sustainable development is crucial for the long-term prosperity of our planet."### 汉译英5. 将下面的中文句子翻译成英文。

英译汉专项练习(二)主谓宾句型这里指除实义动词have之外的动词，现在时/过去时,一般态，不含从句。

1. I take a walk in the early morning every day.我每天一大早出去散步。

2. I play football with my classmates.我和我的同学们踢球。

3. Do you often do your washing in the evening?你经常晚上洗衣服吗？4. I read the local newspaper with great interest every evening.我每天晚上都饶有兴致地阅读当地报纸/每晚我怀着极大的兴趣读当地的报纸。

5. Americans usually eat three meals a day.美国人通常一天吃三顿饭。

6. Neither you nor I, nor anybody else knows the answer.你, 我, 其他任何人都不知道这答案。

7. We learn our own language by hearing people speak it, not by seeing what they write.我们是通过听人们讲话而不是看他们写的东西来学习语言的。

8. Few of them believe you.我们当中几乎没人相信你。

9. Travel broadens the mind.旅行可以开阔眼界。

10. People use science knowledge to understand and change nature.人们利用科学知识去了解自然，改造自然。

11. I buy some food on my way home.我在回家的路上买些食物。

12. The couple enjoyed their holiday very much.这对夫妇假期过得很快活。

BOOK 3 课文翻译（Unit 1-9) (2009-9-6 12:15:18)Unit 1我的父亲——一位著名男演员的女儿讲述的故事埃米。

米特福德我并不真正了解父亲，他不是个很容易相处的人。

我觉得他比较以自我为中心，还宵一点儿虚荣．在某些方面还会让人觉得有距离感。

公众肯定都认为他很随和，其实在家的时候他基本上都是独处，不怎么跟我们交流。

我小的时候父亲火溉很少在家，因为我几乎没有什么关于他的记忆。

他对家庭生洒．直是有一些生疏。

对他来说，工作总是放在第一位，而且他总是在外地演戏或是排练。

他喜欢别人找他签名，也喜欢被别人认出的感觉。

他获得过几个奖项，并为此感到非常骄傲。

他成为一名大英帝国荣誉公民，我们必须到白金汉宫去领取勋章。

那真是令人难以置信的乏味。

还何其他数百人获得同样的荣誉，所以你得一直坐在那里等好几个小时。

每当有人来拜访我们家时，父亲总爱把他的奖品拿出来炫耀。

我上过私立寄宿学校，但是因为对学习毫无兴趣并且总是缺课，被勒令退学了。

我本来就不想去那儿上学，因此，我就和我所有的朋友们分开了。

把我送到那个学校读书他一一定很高兴，但事实上，到最后这一切只是浪费金钱而已。

我想我让他感到非常失望。

后来我也试着做过儿份工作；但是都不能安心长久地做下去。

然后，我意识到我真正想做的是生活在乡村照料牲畜，所以，我现在就做这个。

作为一家人，无论是情感上还是空间上我们都不那么亲密。

这些日子我们彼此很少见面。

我和父亲就像石膏和奶酪’一样完全不同。

我的兴趣一直都在乡村，而他则喜欢书本和音乐，尤其是歌剧，这恰恰是我所讨厌的。

如果他们来看我们，他们的衣着也完全不适合在乡村穿——貂皮大衣和漂亮的但不适合在田间走长路的小皮鞋。

父亲对我结婚更是完全反对。

他一直希望我和我的丈夫分开。

查拉德太卑微了，我想。

而父亲一定是怨让我嫁给一个有名望的人，但我没有。

事情就是这样。

我们夫妇俩并不打算要孩子，但是我的父亲总是不停地谈论着他想抱孙子。