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计算机与信息学院 本科毕业设计（论文）

- 1 - 外文资料翻译—原文部分

An Empirical Study On Consumer Trust in B2C ecommerce

in China

(FromShihang/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5998404&isnumber=5997898)

Yujie Bao, Yan Li,* Xin Meng, Yuchang Liu, Weiming Wang

International College at Beijing

China Agricultural University

Beijing, China

icbliyan@

Abstract—Consumer trust has been more and more recognized as an important factor for a

successful e-commerce vendor. Based on the previous research, this paper developed an extended

model for analyzing the main attributes of trust of the users in China. A survey regarding the trust of

e-commerce users is conducted to empirically test the model. The result shows the perceived

reputation and size; the level of multi-channel integration, the system assurance, consumers’

propensity to trust and experienced-based familiarity are all positively related with consumers’ trust

in the vendor. The findings may provide the suggestions for the vendors to consider the trustworthy

by the consumers.

Keywords: e-commerce; consumer trust; China

I. INTRODUCTION

E-business (electronic commerce) is described as the process of buying, selling, transferring, or

exchanging products, services, and/or information via computer networks,including the Internet.

There are many advantages driving the growth of e-commerce in the recent decades. Time saving, a

greater variety of choices and cheaper prices are the three main advantages. But like the traditional

business, problems emerge as e-commerce becomes more popular. The consumers’ trust in

e-commerce is becoming the most significant problem. One of the key factors that make an

e-commerce successful is the ability to gain consumer trust.

Trust is defined as in this study as a consumer’s positive expectations regarding an e-vendor’s

conduct, characterized as faith, confidence and assurance. Trust create positive feelings towards

transactions with web retailers, and thus is considered as one of the major mechanisms to reduce

perceptions of behavioral uncertainty related to actions of web retailers [7].This research is focused

on examining the influential factors of consumer trust by empirical experimentation to provide a

basis for e-commerce vendors to improve their businesses.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW, RESEARCH MODEL AND

HYPOTHESES

Trust is an important factor in many social and economic activities. In the context of Internet

business, trust is critical because of the nature and also the limitations of online business—the 计算机与信息学院 本科毕业设计（论文）

- 2 - invisibility of the transaction process, the physical separation between buyers and sellers, the

physical separation between buyers [1]. These limitations cause greater uncertainty that all

consumers try to avoid when making any purchase decisions.

In prior research, Mayer [2] proposed a model incorporating both a trusting party (trustor) and a

party to be trusted (trustee). They discussed the trustor’s perception about the trustees’

characteristics. Jarvenpaa [3] examined whether customers’ perceptions about the reputation and size

of an Internet store affect their trust in the store and Bendoly examined the channel integration on

consumer’s loyalty to a multi-channel firm.

Some of the previous research identified and examined the trust in term of one single aspect of

the trustees and trustors respectively. Our research develops a research model by involving the

attributes all variables from both aspects of trustors and trustees. As shown in Figure 1, the

consumer’s trust is mainly influenced by perceived reputation and size, multichannel integration,

system assurance, consumer feedback mechanism, propensity to trust and experience.

Figure 1. Research Model.

A. Characteristics of trustees (e-commerce vendors)

a) Perceived reputation and size

Research in traditional industrial buyer-seller relationships revealed that buyer’s perceptions of

seller’s reputation and size are the factors of trustworthiness [4].

Reputation is defined as the extent to which buyers believe a seller is professionally competent

or honest and benevolent. Reputation is vulnerable because it is harder to form a reputation than to

lose it [6]. For instance, due to the Sanlu milk powder event, customers showed great decrease in

trust in domestic milk powder producers.

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金融体制、融资约束与投资——来自OECD的实证分析

R．Semenov

Department of Economics， University of Nijmegen， Nijmegen

（荷兰内梅亨大学，经济学院）

这篇论文考查了OECD的11个国家中现金流量对企业投资的影响.我们发现不同国家之间投资对企业内部可获取资金的敏感性具有显著差异,并且银企之间具有明显的紧密关系的国家的敏感性比银企之间具有公平关系的国家的低.同时，我们发现融资约束与整体金融发展指标不存在关系.我们的结论与资本市场信息和激励问题对企业投资具有重要作用这种观点一致，并且紧密的银企关系会减少这些问题从而增加企业获取外部融资的渠道。

一、引言

各个国家的企业在显著不同的金融体制下运行。金融发展水平的差别(例如，相对GDP的信用额度和相对GDP的相应股票市场的资本化程度），在所有者和管理者关系、企业和债权人的模式中，企业控制的市场活动水平可以很好地被记录.在完美资本市场,对于具有正的净现值投资机会的企业将一直获得资金。然而，经济理论表明市场摩擦，诸如信息不对称和激励问题会使获得外部资本更加昂贵，并且具有盈利投资机会的企业不一定能够获取所需资本.这表明融资要素，例如内部产生资金数量、新债务和权益的可得性，共同决定了企业的投资决策.现今已经有大量考查外部资金可得性对投资决策的影响的实证资料（可参考，例如Fazzari（1998）、 Hoshi(1991)、 Chapman（1996）、Samuel(1998））.大多数研究结果表明金融变量例如现金流量有助于解释企业的投资水平。这项研究结果解释表明企业投资受限于外部资金的可得性。

论文 英文文翻译

论文 英文文翻译

1 Guidance Notes for completing application form

Part 1 Personal Information

Eligibility to work at the British Council

We are only able to accept applications from individuals who have the right to

work in the country to which they have applied.

Personal Information

The British Council’s normal retirement age is 65. If you are over this age, or

within 6 months of it, at the time you apply to join us, in line with the Equality

(Age) Regulations 2006, we will consider your application but reserve the right

to reject it if we consider that we would be unlikely to derive sufficient benefit

from your appointment in the period before your retirement.

Criminal Convictions (UK)

Subject to certain exempted occupations, convictions that are ‘spent’ under

the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 need not be mentioned. Please be

英语专业论文外文翻译

英语专业论文外文翻译

浙江林学院本（专）科生毕业设计（论文）

1 1. Introduction

America is one of the countries that speak English. Because of the

special North American culture, developing history and the social

environment, American English has formed its certain unique forms and

the meaning. Then it turned into American English that has the special

features of the United States.

American English which sometimes also called United English or U.S

English is the form of the English language that used widely in the

United States .As the rapid development of American economy, and its

steady position and strong power in the world, American English has

become more and more widely used. As in 2005, more than two-thirds of

English native speakers use various forms of American English.

The philologists of the United States had divided the English of

毕业论文外文翻译(中英文)

毕业论文外文翻译(中英文)

译文

交通拥堵和城市交通系统的可持续发展

摘要:城市化和机动化的快速增长,通常有助于城市交通系统的发展，是经济性，环境性和社会可持续性的体现,但其结果是交通量无情增加，导致交通拥挤。道路拥挤定价已经提出了很多次，作为一个经济措施缓解城市交通拥挤，但还没有见过在实践中广泛使用，因为道路收费的一些潜在的影响仍然不明。本文首先回顾可持续运输系统的概念,它应该满足集体经济发展,环境保护和社会正义的目标.然后,根据可持续交通系统的特点，使拥挤收费能够促进经济增长，环境保护和社会正义。研究结果表明,交通拥堵收费是一个切实有效的方式，可以促进城市交通系统的可持续发展。

一、介绍

城市交通是一个在世界各地的大城市迫切关注的话题。随着中国的城市化和机动化的快速发展,交通拥堵已成为一个越来越严重的问题,造成较大的时间延迟,增加能源消耗和空气污染，减少了道路网络的可靠性．在许多城市,交通挤塞情况被看作是经济发展的障碍.我们可以使用多种方法来解决交通挤塞,包括新的基础设施建设，改善基础设施的维护和操作,并利用现有的基础设施,通过需求管理策略,包括定价机制,更有效地减少运输密度.

交通拥堵收费在很久以前就已提出，作为一种有效的措施,来缓解的交通挤塞情况。交通拥堵收费的原则与目标是通过对选择在高峰拥挤时段的设施的使用实施附加收费,以纾缓拥堵情况．转移非高峰期一些出行路线,远离拥挤的设施或高占用车辆，或完全阻止一些出行,交通拥堵收费计划将在节省时间和降低经营成本的基础上,改善空气中的质量，减少能源消耗和改善过境生产力。此计划在世界很多国家和地方都有成功的应用。继在2０世纪70年代初和8０年代中期挪威与新加坡实行收费环,在20０３年2月伦敦金融城推出了面积收费；直至现在,它都是已经开始实施拥挤收费的大都市圈中一个最知名的例子。

然而,交通拥堵收费由于理论和政治的原因未能在实践中广泛使用。道路收费的一些潜在的影响尚不清楚,和城市发展的拥塞定价可持续性,需要进一步研究。 可持续发展通常作为运输政策的评估基本目标。可持续交通的想法已经出现在交通运输部门的可持续发展的概念中，可以定义如下,“可持续发展的交通基础设施和出行政策是服务于经济发展,环境管理和社会公平的多重目标,用这个目标来优化交通运输系统的使用,并达到经济和相关的社会和环境目标,以实现在不牺牲后代的能源的前提下，达到相同的目的。”可持续运输系统的要求是当前和未来几代的可持续发展的要求,即经济发展,环境保护和社会正义的主要支柱之间的动态平衡.