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【汉译英】劳动就业领域。
当前，世界的就业状况和经济增长趋缓，许多国家的就业和工资增长前景黯淡，不平等现象更为严重，全球都存在减贫动力受挫的风险，这使得增加体面劳动机会的政策选择成为一项优先重点。
中国等一些大型经济体劳动力市场情况好于其他经济体。
就业结构性调整仍在持续，还可能由于技术创新、相互依存度加深以及环境保护需要而加快调整。
促进强劲、可持续和平衡增长的政策在处理调整问题方面发挥了关键作用，也是减小劳动力市场变化的不利影响、扩大其积极影响的主要动力。
2030年可持续发展议程给予体面劳动和包容性增长突出作用，这意味着多边体系必须进一步加强就业和增长政策的协调性，实现可持续发展目标。
随着经济发展进入新常态，中国需要化解结构性就业矛盾。
中国政府提出“就业是民生之本”，坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，持续推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革，促进大众创业、万众创新，大力发展职业教育和职业技能培训，加快构建社会保障体系，在保持中国经济中高速增长、迈向中高端水平的同时，努力实现了就业规模扩大和结构优化。
中国政府与社会各方一起，积极参与国际劳工治理，积极推动ILO南南合作。
中国政府愿与包括ILO在内的国际社会加强合作，为实现包容性增长、人人享有体面劳动发挥更大作用。
【参考译文】On labour and employment. Thecurrent global outlook for jobs is mixed with slower growth leading to weakerprospects for employment and wages in many countries. Rising inequality and therisk of setbacks to the global drive to reduce poverty, make policy initiativesto increase opportunities for decent work a priority. Labour marketdevelopments were more positive in China and some other large economies thanthe rest of the world. Structural changes in employment continued and couldaccelerate as a result of technological innovation, increased interdependenceand the need for environmental protection. Policies that promote strong,sustainable and balanced growth play a vital role in managing adjustment andwill remain key drivers in mitigating adverse and maximizing positive effectsof labour market changes. The prominence accorded to decent work and inclusivegrowth in the 2030 Agenda means themultilateral system must further strengthen the coherence of its policies forjobs and growth to reach SustainableDevelopment Goals.China’s economic growth has nowentered the phase of “New Normal”, and needs to address the structuralmismatches in employment. Upholding the conviction that employment is thefoundation of the livelihoods of the people, the Government of China isimplementing the Employment First Strategy and more active employment policy,forging ahead with continuous reforms to streamline administration, delegatepower, strengthen regulation and improve services, and promotingmassentrepreneurship and innovation. The Government is also working hard to developvocational education and training and improve the social protection system.Along with sustaining a medium-high growth rate and upgrading the economy tothe medium- and high-end in China, the Government has created more jobs, andimproved job structure. Together with its social partners, the Government ofChina has made positive contributions to international labour governance andthesouth-south cooperation of the ILO. The Government stands ready tostrengthen cooperation with the international community including the ILO, andwill play an even bigger role in realizing inclusive growth and decent work forall.。
热点03 碳达峰碳中和【压轴预测】“双碳”战略倡导绿色、环保、低碳的生活方式。
加快降低碳排放步伐，有利于引导绿色技术创新，提高产业和经济的全球竞争力。
中国持续推进产业结构和能源结构调整，大力发展可再生能源，在沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区加快规划建设大型风电光伏基地项目，努力兼顾经济发展和绿色转型同步进行。
2020年9月22日，国家主席习近平在第七十五届联合国大会上宣布，中国力争2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和目标。
2021年5月26日，碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组第一次全体会议在北京召开。
2021年10月24日，中共中央、国务院印发的《关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》发布。
作为碳达峰碳中和“1+N政策体系中的“1”，意见为碳达峰碳中和这项重大工作进行系统谋划、总体部署。
2021年10月，《关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》以及《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》，这两个重要文件的相继出台，共同构建了中国碳达峰、碳中和“1+N政策体系的顶层设计，而重点领域和行业的配套政策也将围绕以上意见及方案陆续出台。
2022年8月，科技部、国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部等9部门印发《科技支撑碳达峰碳中和实施方案(2022-2030年)》（以下简称《实施方案》），统筹提出支撑2030年前实现碳达峰目标的科技创新行动和保障举措，并为2060年前实现碳中和目标做好技术研发储备。
【典型例题】（2022·安徽·模拟预测）节约资源，保护环境，要从我们身边的小事做起。
假设你是一个注重“低碳生活”的中学生，请以“My Low-carbon Life”为题写一篇英文演讲稿，简单谈谈“低碳生活”的重要性，以及你所倡导的“低碳生活”方式。
提示：1. 每天步行上学；2. 离开教室时，关闭灯、风扇电脑等；3. 不用水时，记住关水龙头，而且要循环使用水；4. 不使用塑料袋。
一、判断题(每题2分)1.全球正处于生物多样性保护的十字路口。
《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第十五次会议（COP15）第二阶段会议将于2022年12月7日至19日在意大利举办，大会将讨论并通过“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”（简称“框架”）。
正确错误2.实施全面节约战略，推进各类资源节约集约利用，加快构建废弃物循环利用体系。
完善支持绿色发展的财税、金融、投资、价格政策和标准体系，发展绿色低碳产业，健全资源环境要素市场化配置体系，加快节能降碳先进技术研发和推广应用，倡导绿色消费，推动形成绿色低碳的生产方式和生活方式。
正确错误3.以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。
正确错误4.世界变复杂了，且处于新的动荡变革期。
正确错误5.没有坚实的物质技术基础，也可能全面建成社会主义现代化强国。
正确错误6.全方位夯实粮食安全根基，牢牢守住十八亿亩耕地红线，确保中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。
正确错误7.依托我国超大规模市场优势，以国内大循环吸引全球资源要素，增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应，提升贸易投资合作质量和水平。
正确错误8.优化区域开放布局，加快自贸区、自由港发展，扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络，深度参与全球产业分工和合作。
正确错误9.中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。
正确错误10.我们深入贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，在幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶上持续用力，人民生活全方位改善。
正确错误11.强化司法活动监督促进司法公正，要靠制度来保障，在执法办案各个环节都设置隔离墙、通上高压线，谁违反制度就要给予最严厉的处罚，构成犯罪的要依法追究刑事责任。
正确错误12.弘扬社会主义法治精神，传承中华优秀传统法律文化，引导全体人民做社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者、坚定捍卫者。
正确错误13.落实依法治国基本方略，加快建设社会主义法治国家，必须全面推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法进程。
中国地方官员的晋升锦标赛模式研究*周黎安内容提要:本文研究了中国地方官员的治理模式)))/晋升锦标赛治理模式0的性质与特征,并试图揭示这种特定模式与中国高速经济增长及其各种特有问题的内在关联。
本文认为,晋升锦标赛作为中国政府官员的激励模式,它是中国经济奇迹的重要根源,但由于晋升锦标赛自身的一些缺陷,尤其是其激励官员的目标与政府职能的合理设计之间存在严重冲突,它目前正面临着重要的转型。
关键词:晋升锦标赛地方官员的激励中国经济增长一、引言:中国经济增长之谜中国经济自改革开放以来保持了近30年的高速增长,被世人誉为/增长奇迹0。
中国经济增长奇迹一方面表现为GDP增长速度高、持续时间长。
从增长速度来讲,自现代以来,目前还没有任何一个大国能在30年间保持每年将近百分之十的增长速度,日本的高速经济增长也只持续了20年。
按照中国经济目前的发展趋势,许多学者估计,中国的高速增长很可能不止30年,有可能长达40年。
但另一方面,从经济理论的角度看,这个奇迹的神秘之处在于其/非常规0的性质:经济增长理论所强调的若干增长条件,如自然资源禀赋、物质和人力资本积累以及技术创新能力,中国与其它国家相比并无独特之处,甚至处于低水平阶段,如人均资源禀赋、技术创新水平。
也就是说,按照这些理论的预言,中国不应该有经济奇迹发生。
由于诺斯的开创性贡献(North and Thomas,1971;North,1981),近年来经济学家开始关注制度尤其是经济和政治制度对经济增长的重要作用。
物质和人力资本的增长以及技术进步被认为只是增长的结果,而不是增长的内在源泉,更深层次的决定因素是一国的制度安排。
最近有大量的研究表明,一国的司法制度对金融市场和经济的发展有着巨大影响,而政府的结构以及受到的权力约束也同样影响经济增长(Shleifer and Vishny,1993;Delong and Shleifer,1993;La Porta等,1998)。
九年级英语政治单选题60题1.Which international organization is dedicated to promoting world peace and security?A.UNESCOB.WHOC.UND.WTO答案：C。
本题考查国际组织的职能。
UN（联合国）致力于促进世界和平与安全。
UNESCO 联合国教科文组织）主要致力于教育、科学和文化领域。
WHO（ 世界卫生组织）专注于全球卫生事务。
WTO 世界贸易组织）主要处理国际贸易问题。
2.The Belt and Road Initiative is a major example of ________.A.international cooperationB.domestic developmentC.regional conflictD.global isolation答案：A。
“一带一路”倡议是国际合作的重要范例。
B 选项国内发展不准确。
C 选项区域冲突与“一带一路”相悖。
D 选项全球孤立也不符合“一带一路”的理念。
3.Which of the following is NOT an international organization involved in economic cooperation?A.APECB.NATOC.OECDD.G20答案：B。
NATO（ 北大西洋公约组织）主要是军事联盟，不是经济合作组织。
APEC（ 亚太经合组织）、OECD（ 经济合作与发展组织）、G20 二十国集团）都涉及经济合作。
4.The purpose of the World Trade Organization is to ________.A.regulate international tradeB.provide medical assistanceC.promote cultural exchangesD.ensure national security答案：A。
试析当前我国城乡二元结构的现状、成因、负面影响与政策反思摘要：党的十八大报告指出：解决好农业农村农民问题是全党工作重中之重，城乡发展一体化是解决“三农”问题的根本途径。
而城乡二元结构正是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍，当前城乡二元结构已经成为制约我国经济体制改革与经济社会发展的主要瓶颈。
因此，深入研究和分析我国城乡二元结构的现状及成因，提出统筹城乡经济发展的改革思路，具有深远的战略意义。
文章拟从对建国以来我国城乡二元结构的现状、形成原因及影响的分析中，探寻解决城乡二元结构矛盾的主要途径，提出深化改革，统筹城乡经济发展的思路。
关键词：城乡二元结构；城市化；劳动力流动；城乡统筹；转型发展“二元制度”是发展经济学提出的一个概念，是指现代工业与传统农业并存。
城乡二元结构是发展中国家普遍存在的一种现象。
我国的城乡二元结构是在计划经济体制下，长期以来形成的城乡对立、城乡分割、城乡劳动力流动隔绝的经济社会二元结构。
改革开放以来，特别是十四大提出建立社会主义市场经济体制以来，我国一直致力于解决城乡二元结构的问题。
十八届三中全会指出“城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍。
必须健全体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系，让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果。
要加快构建新型农业经营体系，赋予农民更多财产权利，推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置，完善城镇化健康发展体制。
”但是时至今日，在我国经济社会面貌已经发生巨大变化，生产力和综合国力已经有了明显提高的情况下，城乡二元结构问题依然十分突出，已经成为制约我国经济发展和改革的重要阻碍。
因此解决城乡二元结构问题，统筹城乡经济发展是新时期我国深化经济体制改革的重大举措，具有深远的战略意义。
一、当前我国城乡二元结构的现状我国农业发展相对于城市工业化、现代化快速发展来讲，严重滞后，农民收入增长缓慢。
根据国家统计局公布的数据，2014年我国城乡居民人均可支配收入为28844元和9892元，城乡居民收入比为2.92：1，这已经是2002年以来的最低值。
大学英语六级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TranslationPart ⅣTranslation1．中国是一个发展中国家(developing country)，目前正面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。
从国情出发。
中国在全面推进现代化建设的过程中，把环境保护作为一项基本国策(basic national policy)，把实现可持续发展(sustairlable development)作为一个重大战略(strategy)，在全国范围内开展了大规模的污染防治和生态环境保护。
改革开放18年来，中国国民生产总值(gross national product)以年均10％左右的速度持续增长，而环境质量基本避免了相应恶化的局面。
实践表明，中国实行的经济、社会和环境协调发展的方针是有成效的。
正确答案：China is a developing country. Now it is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic national policies, regarded the realization of sustainable development as an important strategy and carried out throughout the country large-scale measures for pollution prevention and control as well as ecological environment protection. Over the 18 years since its adoption of reform and opening to the outside world, China’s gross national product (GNP) has achieved a sustained annual growth of around 10 percent, while its environmental quality has basically steered clear of the outcome of corresponding deterioration. Practice has proved that the principle adopted by China of effecting coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment has been effective. 涉及知识点：汉译英2．传统的中国绘画是一门独特的艺术(fine art)，无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。
2020年郑州大学357英语翻译基础考研题一、Word collocation（Subtitles 1-15 are word collocations.(30 points)）1.a community with a shared future for mankindA.（计算机的）运算器B.远程终端C.印刷电路D.单片集成电路E.分时概念F.追踪G.聊天机器人H.伺服机构I.重型机器人J.（动力）传输系统K.曲轴L.啮合装置M.四冲程循环N.责任O.人类命运共同体P.社会主义核心价值观Q.上海进口博览会【答案】O【解析】community社区，社会，团体；a shared future一个共享的未来；mankind人类。
因此结合起来，拥有共享的未来的人类团体，即人类命运共同体。
【难度系数】1【分值】22.socialist core valuesA.（计算机的）运算器B.远程终端C.印刷电路D.单片集成电路E.分时概念F.追踪G.聊天机器人H.伺服机构I.重型机器人J.（动力）传输系统K.曲轴L.啮合装置M.四冲程循环N.责任O.人类命运共同体P.社会主义核心价值观Q.上海进口博览会【答案】P【解析】socialist源于单词social（社会的），加上-ist（表示人的后缀），变成“社会主义者”；core核心；values价值。
因此结合起来，就是“社会主义核心价值观”。
【难度系数】1【分值】23.Shanghai International Import ExpoA.（计算机的）运算器B.远程终端C.印刷电路D.单片集成电路E.分时概念F.追踪G.聊天机器人H.伺服机构I.重型机器人J.（动力）传输系统K.曲轴L.啮合装置M.四冲程循环N.责任O.人类命运共同体P.社会主义核心价值观Q.上海进口博览会【答案】Q【解析】Shanghai上海；International国际的；Import进口；Expo展览会。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4学生用书_课后习题答案（后附testyourself重要词翻译）UNIT1VocabularyI.1. alliance;2. at the cost of;3. stroke;4. limp;5. minus;6. regions;7. declarations;8. siege;9. raw; 10. bide his time; 11. have taken their toll;12. in the case of1. is faced with;2. get bogged down;3. is pressing on/pressed on;4. drag on5. get by;6. dine out;7. have cut back; 8. get through;1.lead to the conquest of cancer in the near feature2.has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’strike3.will/should never get in the way of her career4.caught the foreign minister off guard5.of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule outof date/obsolete1. Being faced with; the occupation of; regions;2. crucial to; efficient; to reckon with; weaken; be brought toa halt;3. a heroic; the decisive; turned the tide; siege; by launchingII.1.During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the mostdramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2.Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3.I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4.Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body couldwithstand the harsh weather.III.1. fall ill;2. lay dead at home for two weeks;3. dropped dead from a heart attack;4. fell asleep;5. marrying young;6. to sit still for longer than a few minutes;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. invasion;2. stand in the way;3. Conquest;4. catching… off his guard;5. launching;6. declaration;7. campaign;8. drag on;9. reckon with; 10. bringing… to a halt1. allow;2. reckoned;3. highly;4. forecasts;5. rapidly;6. instant;7. delivery;8. advantage;9. observing; 10. powerful;II.1.1)Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on thefarm.2)We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.3)Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.4)Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5)Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commande r instruc ted our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. T o do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination目的地before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This t urned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.UNIT2VocabularyI.1. expansion;2. automated;3. vapor;4. take control of;5. hazards;6. satellite;7. vibrated;8. magnetic;9. bunched; 10. in the air;11. got/was stuck in; 12. approximately;1. send out;2. stand up for;3. pass for;4. were closing in on;5. starting up;6. went through;7. fill out;8. fall into1.incorporates all the latest safety features2.two trees ten feet apart3.awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm4.the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars5.are correlated in all racial groups1. the application; remote; has turned into a reality; are poised to2. that vibrate; can detect; frequency3. lanes; are mounted in; alert a; hazard;II.1.kilogram;2. memorandum;3. gymnasium;4. liberation;5. doctor;6. veterinarian;7. preparatory;8. automobile;9. influenza;10. medical care; 11. electronic mail; 12. communications satellite;13. news broadcast; 14. sky hijack; 15. European dollar;16. breakfast and lunch; 17. television broadcast; 18. Oxford and CambridgeIII.1. swimming pool;2. drawing board;3. enriched Middle English;4. disturbing change;5. fully developed prototype;6. Canned foods7. working population; 8. puzzling differences;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. computerized;2. start up;3. be poised to;4. alert;5. hazards;6. monotonous;7. take control of;8. steer;9. lane; 10. decrease;11. calculate; 12. eliminate; 13. getting stuck in; 14. mounted;15. detect; 16. vapor;1. generates;2. related;3. revolutionized;4. enabled;5. opportunities;6. overall;7. manufacturing;8. dependent;9. interact; 10. fatalities;II.1.6)There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.7)The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problems.8)The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with globaltemperatures.9)The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.10)The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards,危害especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eli minate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted 安装in your car can detect alcohol v apor 蒸汽in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals s ent o ut from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of g etting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3VocabularyI.1. rude;2. physically;3. structure;4. made a difference;5. blurted (out);6. chuckling;7. measurable;8. prospective;9. preparations; 10. sparkled; 11. took a crack at; 12. partner;1. go after;2. look back at/on;3. be put up;4. stood for;5. build in;6. follow up;7. be hooked up to;8. closed up6.grilled her about where she had been all night7.beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace8.will be in readers’ hands soon9.do your homework before going on an interview10.was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars1. applicants; veteran; the prospective;2. from his standpoint; has made every endeavor to go after;3. as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely;II.1. behave;2. keep (used to avoid repetition);3. clean;4. get along;5. perform/complete;6. perform/complete;7. study;8. be enough;9. be acceptable;III.1.There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. Ok, I’ll talk about myself first.2.Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have somethinghere for you.3.The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the dailynewspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4.I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will seeyou in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5.OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6.Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. prospective;2. As I see it;3. done your homework;4. beforehand;5. endeavor;6. structure;7. partners;8. Respond;9. take a crack; 10. from the standpoint; 11. make a difference;12. follow up1. encouraging;2. inquiry;3. relevant;4. samples;5. references;6. advice;7. preparing;8. seriously;9. probably; 10. exhibit;II.1.11)Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilotmanaged to stop the plane after taxiing for only o short while.12)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone towplastic surgeries.13)We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have thefuture in our hands.14)If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have madebetter preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.15)People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were tobe built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremelyimportant for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospectiv e employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.UNIT5VocabularyI.1. In a way;2. in accordance with;3. vacancy;4. in good condition;5. transparent;6. rub;7. spicy;8. hitherto;9. with (a) bad grace; 10. instinct; 11. pawned; 12. current;1. turned up;2. will stick to;3. brought back;4. go about;5. driving at;6. put away;7. turning over;8. took aback;11.has a very weak constitution—she may not be able to survive the operation12.was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim13.was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that14.needs trimming/to be trimmed—it’s getting too long15.are often deceptive1. Oddly enough; went broke; wrinkled; he had gone all to pieces2. definite; is capable of; her vanity;3. too mild; sipping; stroke;II.1. Except for;2. except that;3. except;4. except when;5. except to;6. except what;7. except where;8. except that;III.1. flat;2. can;3. candy;4. lift;5. faculty;6. ground floor;7. petrol;8. mail;9. railroad; 10. trousers;11. tube, underground; 12. maize; 13. store; 14. favorable; 15. paralyse; 16. labour; 17. meter; 18. catalogue; 19. levelling ; 20. theatre ;21. defense ; 22. plow ; 23. programme ; 24. practise;25.characterize; 26. tire;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. insane;2. current;3. candid;4. capable;5. was taken aback;6. in good condition;7. constitution;8. go all to pieces;9. gone broke; 10. vacancy; 11. mild; 12. deceptive;1. suspected;2. pleading;3. confirmed;4. stunned;5. lucrative;6. jewellery;7. wealthy;8. urge;9. spell; 10. arrested;II.1.16)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of anadventurer.17)He is c apable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.18)The trademark was registered i n accordance with与一致the laws h itherto到目前为止inforce.19)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turnedup.20)The teacher’s affectio nate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mikeperceived 感知the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless然而, he turned out to be very ，sane venture荒唐的冒险. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent 冷漠to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.UNIT6VocabularyI.1. appliances;2. comparative;3. multiply;4. distribution;5. prosperity;6. decorate;7. famine;8. large quantities of/a large quantity of9. streamline; 10. fax; 11. pointed the way to; 12. bewildered;1. eat into;2. cling to;3. stand out/stood out;4. wears away;5. set about;6. switch off;7. will be turned loose;8. poured in;16.is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent17.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by theheat and flames18.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involvedwith issues of market demand.19.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at￡900 and dresses at￡2,00020.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep herbody in shape1. reaction to; discontent; provoked;2. Convention; evading tax; the confines of;3. a burden; are always on the go/seem forever on the go; to cope;II.1. nervousness;2. tension;3. stress; stress;4. tension;1. honorary;2. Honorable;3. honorable;4. honorary;5. honorable;6. Honorary;III.1.Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spendlarge sums of money to save some pieces—be it an elephant or an orchid—in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2.This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quicklyscreened—at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, expert suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.3.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, youwould say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures youa happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.4.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sitespromoting violence are just a clickaway, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. switch off ;2. obliged ;3. on the go ;4. cope;5. shortage;6. large quantity of;7. pouring in;8. by nature;9. fraction; 10. futile;1. advantage;2. wisely;3. faithfully;4. waking;5. includes;6. schedule;7. sticking;8. priorities;9. set; 10. respect;II.1.21)They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies forincurable diseases/cures for diseases that are beyond remedy治疗so far.22)Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my mathteacher, never tried to cramknowledge into my head.23)The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes ofweather wherever we go on a trip.24)The appalling 骇人的explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse坍塌of thebuilding.25)In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to w aste awa y time, and all kinds ofdistractions are eating into our precious time.2.Today we are under constant 持续的pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception 感觉that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring 下一代and shoulder the burden of domestic 家庭的responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil辛苦longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction 小部分of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy 亲密among family members i s doomed to die in the process.UNIT7VocabularyI.1. divined;2. nerves;3. solidarity;4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish;7. hijack;8. grief;9. farewell; 10. take revenge on;11. revolves; revolves; 12. denounced;1. drop off;2. applied for;3. went off;4. are gaining on;5. bring down;6. blotted out;7. think back on;8. picking at;21.brought down the American housing market in 200822.what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?23.not in the mood to go out24.long before the market began to show signs of weakness25.mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside1. in the aftermath of; to blot out; the tragic;2. armed; at dusk; accomplices; explosive;3. in the space of; no illusion;II.1. a little of;2. a few; most of/many of;3. much;4. few;5. many;6. many of;7. much of;8. little;9. few of; 10. Some;III.1. As the boy grew older;2. she signs as beautifully as a nightingale/sings like a nightingale;3. they don’t see themselves as servants of the people;4. As she had left her key in the office;5. Just do as you are told;6. Areas once regarded as rural;7. as they do in China8. As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive ExercisesI.1. mood;2. tragic;3. in the…aftermath of;4. chaos;5. toppling;6. solidarity;7. take revenge on;8. thinking back on;9. mourning; 10. perished1. crashed;2. horrible;3. harsh;4. protect;5. remove;6. utterly;7. truly;8. justify;9. rewarded; 10. devastating;II.1.26)Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started toa coup, toppling the governmentand throwing the country into chaos.27)The falling market shattered her illusion about getting rich quickly.28)Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies wasthe natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.29)Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for aquarrel/not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to bear it.30)People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in theevent, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2.Today, long after the earthquake shook/hit my home town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risenon the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.UNIT8VocabularyI.1. heap;2. was smeared;3. warmed;4. dissolve;5. thrash;6. out of the way;7. hollows;8. tangled;9. get his hands on;10. opaque; 11. at the edge of; illumined; 12. hop;1. take apart;2. result from;3. run out of;4. feed on;5. come forward;6. woke up;7. focused on;26.was dying to see the movie based on it27.as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground28.fuss too much over details29.slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted30.was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time1.swarmed to; the spectacular; paddled;2.in the heart of; out of the range of; trailing over; gliding in;3.Day after day; strip; the heaving; slap;II.1. worth;2. worthy;3. worthwhile;4. worth; worth;5. worthwhile;6. worthy;1. lone;2. alone;3. alone;4. lonely;5. lonely;6. alone; lonely;III.1.ice-cream;2. teas;3. wines;4. cloth;5. soap;6. beer;7. fuels; 8. soils; 9. sugars; 10. grass;Comprehensive ExercisesI.1. are dying to ;2. in the heart of ;3. tangled;4. paddles;5. loop;6. out of sight;7. in flocks;8. hopping;9. gliding; 10. opaque; 11. thrashing; 12. darting;13. swarms; 14. spectacular;1. running;2. fancy;3. incorporate;4. exploring;5. guide;6. adventure;7. rarely;8. diverse;9. survive; 10. lucky;II.1.31)Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on theirfirst date.32)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, butbefore long they were out of sight.33)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waitingfor their arrival.34)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character.35)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknote. He said he had found it on the curbwhen he hopped off his school bus.2.Last Wednesday, my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decide to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I’d like to go there again.Test yourself u1 to u4Globallization by the bookGlobalization is actually quite easy to define. It is simply an extension of economic freedoms beyond national boundaries. Many years ago I got a chance to enjoy the freedom that globalization brings when on my 20th birthday. I boarded a plane that brought me from Bombay 孟买to New York. And when I landed in New York it was still my 20th birthday and I celebrated it by eating Chinese food that came in funny little white containers I‘d never seen before。
2022-2023学年江苏省徐州市铜山区高一下学期期中地理（选择考）试题1. “PPE怪圈”是指贫困(Poverty)、人口(Population)和环境(Environment)之间形成的一种互为因果的关系，如下图所示。
读图完成下面小题。
1．图中a、b、c、d四点代表的人口增长状况最有可能形成“PPE怪圈”的是( )A．a B．cC．b D．d2．下列国家中，目前基本不存在“PPE怪圈”的是( )A．坦桑尼亚B．日本C．肯尼亚D．阿富汗2. 人口分布及变化影响着经济社会发展、资源能源配置、产业优化布局等。
下图为“2010-2017年俄罗斯人口流动格局及人口地理界线（圣彼得堡——图瓦线）”，据此完成下面小题。
1．造成西部人口强流出地区的主要原因是（）A．寻找新的土地B．城市虹吸效应C．气候过于寒冷D．资源逐渐枯竭2．为优化人口空间分布格局，俄罗斯应（）A．重点加强西部基础设施建设B．放开外来人口的限制政策C．加强与东北亚国家经济合作D．将国内人口大量迁往东部3. 下图反映国内某城市群15个城市1990-2018年城市建设用地规模及排序的变动情况。
据此完成下面小题。
1．由图可判断，该城市群呈现（）A．单核模式发展B．双核模式发展C．多核模式发展D．金字塔式发展2．影响各城市建设用地规模变化的主要因素是（）①人口规模②产业发展③建城历史④生态环境A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④4. 贵州布依族的传统民居石板房多数是“以木为架，石头为墙，石片为瓦”，该地盛产的某种石材层理分明、易剥离成片状，工匠用工具撬开一层层的片石后用作房屋的墙体或瓦片。
据此完成下面小题。
1．该地用于制作石板房瓦片的岩石是（）A．大理岩B．花岗岩C．页岩D．石灰岩2．石板房的设计特点、目的与当地自然环境相符的是（）A．屋顶倾斜——收集雨水B．窗子较小——抵御风沙C．房基较厚——减少冻融D．石质地板——平整防潮5. 地处山西省吕梁山区的某村，村民常年外出打工，90%以上的农田撂荒。
