下载文档原格式
System Maintenance & Management
的安装与调试
启动所有 gitlab
果在编译
时卡住或报错，可
：
# gitlab-ctl stop
# chmod 755 /var/opt/
gitlab/postgresql #甚至可
systemctl restart
在客户端浏览器
地址栏中输入
可访问，首次访问时需
要设置root
相关问题
1.如果访问时出现502、
500或404要检查防火墙等设置是否允许访问此端口，或者此端口是否被其他程序占用，另外还要注意Web 服务器是否允许地址直接访问。
2.如口，则
/etc/gitlab/
external_url 'http://gitlab.qhdedu.8，密码须为数字
=>u s e r.p a s s w o r d_
confirmation=12345678 #
确认密码
=> user.save! #保存
=> quit #退出
图为修改root账户的密
码。
4.关闭与打开注册或登
录界面
=true; #
>
settings
authentication_enabled_for_
web =false; #
5.
# gitlab-ctl start #
启动所有 gitlab 组件
# gitlab-ctl stop #
停止所有 gitlab 组件
# gitlab-ctl restart 修改root账户的密码。
Chapter 1 Introduction to Management and Organizations1) Today's managers are just as likely to be women as they are men.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 4 Topic: Who Are Managers?2) In order to be considered a manager, an individual must coordinate the work of others. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 5 Topic: Who Are Managers?3) Supervisors and foremen may both be considered first-line managers.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 6 Topic: Who Are Managers?4) Effectiveness is concerned with the means of getting things done, while efficiency is concerned with the attainment of organizational goals.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?5) A goal of efficiency is to minimize resource costs.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?6) Managers who are effective at meeting organizational goals always act efficiently. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?7) The four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?8) Directing and motivating are part of the controlling function of management.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?9) Fayol's management functions are basically equivalent to Mintzberg's management roles. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 8-9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?10) Mintzberg's informational management role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?11) Resource allocation and disturbance handling are both considered decisional roles. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?12) A finance manager who reads the Wall Street Journal on a regular basis would be performing the figurehead role.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?13) Katz concluded that managers need three essential skills: technical, human, and conceptual. Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 10-11 Topic: What Do Managers Do?14) Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management. Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 11 Topic: What Do Managers Do?15) In today's world, organizational managers at all levels and in all areas need to encourage their employees to be on the look-out for new ideas and new approaches.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 13 Topic: What Do Managers Do?16) Only first-line managers and employees need to be concerned with beingcustomer-responsive.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 13 Topic: What Do Managers Do?17) Which of the following statements regarding managers in today's world is accurate?A) Their age range is limited to between 30 and 65.B) They are found only in large corporations.C) They can be found exclusively in for-profit organizations.D) The single most important variable in employee productivity and loyalty is the quality of the relationship between employees and their direct supervisors.Answer: DPage Ref: 5 Topic: Who Are Managers?18) Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals is ________.A) an assembly line workerB) a laborerC) a managerD) a salespersonAnswer: CPage Ref: 5 Topic: Who Are Managers?19) In the past, nonmanagerial employees were viewed as employees who ________.A) reported to top executivesB) reported to middle managersC) supervised othersD) had no others reporting to themAnswer: DPage Ref: 5 Topic: Who Are Managers?20) Which of the following types of managers is responsible for making organization-widedecisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization?A) first-line managersB) top managersC) production managersD) research managersAnswer: BPage Ref: 6 Topic: Who Are Managers?21) All levels of management between the supervisory level and the top level of the organization are termed ________.A) middle managersB) first-line managersC) supervisorsD) foremenAnswer: APage Ref: 6 Topic: Who Are Managers?22) Which of the following levels of management is associated with positions such as executive vice president, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board?A) team leadersB) middle managersC) first-line managersD) top managersAnswer: DPage Ref: 7 Topic: Who Are Managers?23) Agency head or plant manager is most likely associated with which of the following?A) team leadersB) middle managersC) first-line managersD) top managersAnswer: BPage Ref: 6 Topic: Who Are Managers?24) The lowest level of management is ________.A) a nonmanagerial employeeB) a department of research managerC) a vice presidentD) a first-line managerAnswer: DPage Ref: 5 Topic: Who Are Managers?25) Which of the following best reflects the management structure of a traditional organization?A) pyramidB) circleC) hub with spokesD) infinite lineAnswer: APage Ref: 6 Topic: Who Are Managers?26) ________ is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.A) LeadingB) ManagementC) SupervisionD) ControllingAnswer: BPage Ref: 6 Topic: What Is Management?27) The distinction between a managerial position and a nonmanagerial position is ________.A) planning the work of othersB) coordinating the work of othersC) controlling the work of othersD) organizing the work of othersAnswer: BPage Ref: 6 Topic: What Is Management?28) Which of the following is an example of an efficient manufacturing technique?A) cutting inventory levelsB) increasing the amount of time to manufacture productsC) increasing product reject ratesD) decreasing product outputAnswer: APage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?29) Wasting resources is considered to be an example of ________.A) efficiencyB) effectivenessC) inefficiencyD) ineffectivenessAnswer: CPage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?30) Effectiveness is synonymous with ________.A) cost minimizationB) resource controlC) goal attainmentD) efficiencyAnswer: CPage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?31) Efficiency refers to ________.A) the relationship between inputs and outputsB) the additive relationship between costs and benefitsC) the exponential nature of costs and outputsD) increasing outputs regardless of costAnswer: APage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?32) In successful organizations, ________.A) low efficiency and high effectiveness go hand in handB) high efficiency and low effectiveness go hand in handC) high efficiency and high effectiveness go hand in handD) high efficiency and high equity go hand in handAnswer: CPage Ref: 7 Topic: What Is Management?33) ________ was a French industrialist who first identified the basic management functions.A) WeberB) TaylorC) HerzbergD) FayolAnswer: DPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?34) Today, the basic management functions are considered to be ________.A) planning, coordinating, staffing, and directingB) planning, organizing, leading, and directingC) commanding, organizing, leading, and staffingD) planning, organizing, leading, and controllingAnswer: DPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?35) Writing an organizational strategic plan is an example of the ________ management function.A) leadingB) coordinatingC) planningD) organizingAnswer: CPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?36) Organizing includes ________.A) defining organizational goalsB) hiring organizational membersC) motivating organizational membersD) determining who does what tasksAnswer: DPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?37) A manager resolving conflict among organizational members is performing what function?A) controllingB) commandingC) directingD) leadingAnswer: DPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?38) The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is called ________.A) controllingB) coordinatingC) leadingD) organizingAnswer: APage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?39) ________ developed a categorization scheme for defining what managers do, consisting of10 different but highly interrelated roles.A) Henri FayolB) Henry FordC) Henry MintzbergD) Henry MorrisAnswer: CPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?40) According to Mintzberg's management roles, the ________ roles are those that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature.A) informationalB) interpersonalC) technicalD) decisionalAnswer: BPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?41) The roles of disseminator, figurehead, negotiator, liaison, and spokesperson are more important at the ________ levels of the organization.A) lowerB) middleC) higherD) supervisoryAnswer: CPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?42) A human resource manager attending a local Society for Human Resource Management meeting would be functioning in which role?A) informationalB) leaderC) liaisonD) disseminatorAnswer: CPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?43) The ________ role is more important for lower-level managers than it is for either middle- or top-level managers.A) leaderB) entrepreneurC) spokespersonD) disseminatorAnswer: APage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?44) According to Mintzberg's management roles, the ________ roles involve receiving, collecting, and disseminating information.A) interpersonalB) informationalC) technicalD) decisionalAnswer: BPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?45) All of the following are examples of informational roles according to Mintzberg except________.A) liaisonB) monitorC) disseminatorD) spokespersonAnswer: APage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?46) All of the following are managerial roles that are more important at the higher levels of the organization except ________.A) leaderB) disseminatorC) figureheadD) negotiatorAnswer: APage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?47) Which of the following represents the most useful way of describing the manager's job?A) rolesB) functionsC) skillsD) organizational levelAnswer: BPage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?48) All three of Mintzberg's interpersonal roles are part of the ________ function.A) organizingB) planningC) leadingD) controllingAnswer: CPage Ref: 9 Topic: What Do Managers Do?49) Which of the following individuals identified the three essential managerial skills?A) KatzB) LewisbergC) RainesD) ChambersAnswer: APage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?50) The three essential managerial skills include ________.A) technical, human, and empiricalB) human, empirical, and conceptualC) technical, interpersonal, and controllingD) technical, human, and conceptualAnswer: DPage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?51) Which of the following is true concerning technical and managerial skills?A) Human skills and technical skills remain equally important as managers move to higher levels.B) Technical-skill needs remain necessary and human skills decrease as managers move to higher levels.C) Human skills remain necessary and technical-skill needs decrease as managers move to higher levels.D) Both human-skill and technical-skill needs decrease as managers move to higher levels. Answer: CPage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?52) Managers with good ________ are able to communicate, motivate and lead to get the best out of their people.A) human skillsB) conceptual skillsC) technical skillsD) visual skillsAnswer: APage Ref: 11 Topic: What Do Managers Do?53) Technical skills include ________.A) leadership and efficiency in a certain specialized fieldB) knowledge of and proficiency in a certain specialized fieldC) familiarity with and interest in a general field of endeavorD) skill and interest in a general field of endeavorAnswer: BPage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?54) The ability to work well with other people, both individually and in a group, describes which of the following skills ________.A) technical skillsB) assessment skillsC) planning skillsD) human skillsAnswer: DPage Ref: 11 Topic: What Do Managers Do?55) Which of the following skills are more important at lower levels of management, as these managers are dealing directly with employees doing the organization's work?A) humanB) technicalC) conceptualD) empiricalAnswer: BPage Ref: 10 Topic: What Do Managers Do?56) Budgeting is associated with the management functions of planning and ________.A) directingB) organizingC) leadingD) controllingAnswer: DPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?57) Mentoring is primarily associated with the management function of ________.A) planningB) organizingC) leadingD) controllingAnswer: CPage Ref: 8 Topic: What Do Managers Do?58) An organization is ________.A) the physical location where people workB) a collection of individuals working for the same companyC) a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purposeD) a group of individuals focused on profit making for their shareholdersAnswer: CPage Ref: 14 Topic: What Is an Organization?59) A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose is ________.A) a structureB) a processC) an organizationD) an assembly operationAnswer: CPage Ref: 14 Topic: What Is an Organization?60) A difference between traditional organizations and new organizations is that the new organizations tend to be more ________.A) stableB) command orientedC) rule orientedD) dynamicAnswer: DPage Ref: 14 Topic: What Is an Organization?61) Which of the following best describes the concept that management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, no matter the country in which they're located?A) the partiality of managementB) the segmentation of managementC) the universality of managementD) the cultures of managementAnswer: CPage Ref: 14 Topic: Why Study Management?62) Universality of management means that ________.A) all managers in all organizations perform the four management functionsB) all managers in all organizations can perform their job the same wayC) all organizations can hire any manager to perform the management jobsD) any manager can work in any organization and perform any management job Answer: APage Ref: 15 Topic: Why Study Management?63) Organizations that are well managed ________.A) choose the best suppliers for their productsB) compete on an international basis because they have the best productsC) always have the lowest-cost productsD) develop a loyal customer base, grow, and prosperAnswer: DPage Ref: 15 Topic: Why Study Management?64) Which of the following types of managerial positions is most likely to involve clerical duties?A) shift supervisorB) regional department headC) project managerD) chief executive officerAnswer: APage Ref: 16 Topic: Why Study Management?65) A manager's success is typically ________.A) dependent on how hard the manager worksB) how closely the manager supervises the employeesC) based on how skilled the manager is at the technical elements of the jobD) dependent on others' work performanceAnswer: DPage Ref: 16 Topic: Why Study Management?66) A primary responsibility of managers is creating a work environment that ________.A) is safe and well litB) is clean and organizedC) allows employees to do their work to the best of their abilityD) provides excellent customer serviceAnswer: CPage Ref: 16 Topic: Why Study Management?67) Which of the following represents a challenge of management?A) enjoy relatively easy workB) work with a variety of peopleC) have little influence on organizational outcomesD) have to deal with a variety of personalitiesAnswer: DPage Ref: 16 Topic: Why Study Management?68) Each of the following represents a challenge of management except ________.A) must operate with limited resourcesB) are highly valued by organizationsC) must motivate workers in uncertain situationsD) success depends on others' performanceAnswer: BPage Ref: 16 Topic: Why Study Management?69) In a short essay, list and discuss the 10 managerial roles developed by Mintzberg. Include specific examples of each role and group each according to interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles.Answer:Interpersonal Rolesa. Figurehead symbolic head; obliged to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature. Examples include greeting visitors and signing legal documents.b. Leader responsible for the motivation and activation of subordinates; responsible for staffing, training, and associated duties. Examples include performing virtually all activities that involve subordinates.c. Liaison maintains self-developed network of outside contacts and informers who provide favors and information. Examples include acknowledging mail, doing external board work, and performing other activities that involve outsiders.Informational Rolesa. Monitor seeks and receives wide variety of internal and external information to develop thorough understanding of organization and environment. Examples include reading periodicals and reports, and maintaining personal contacts.b. Disseminator transmits information received from outsiders or from subordinates to members of the organization. Examples include holding informational meetings and making phone calls to relay information.c. Spokesperson transmits information to outsiders on organization's plans, policies, actions, results, and so on. Examples include holding board meetings and giving information to the media.Decisional Rolesa. Entrepreneur searches organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates "improvement projects" to bring about changes. Examples include organizing strategy and review sessions to develop new programs.b. Disturbance handler responsible for corrective action when organization faces important, unexpected disturbances. Examples include organizing strategy and review sessions that involve disturbances and crises.c. Resource allocator responsible for the allocation of organizational resources of allkinds making or approving all significant organizational decisions. Examples include scheduling, requesting authorization; performing any activity that involves budgeting and the programming of subordinates' work.d. Negotiator responsible for representing the organization at major negotiations. Examplesinclude participating in union contract negotiations.The interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include being a figurehead, leader, and liaison. The informational roles involve receiving, collecting, and disseminating information. The three informational roles include a monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson. Finally, the decisional roles revolve around making choices. The four decisional roles include entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.Page Ref: 8-9Topic: What Do Managers Do?。
管理学第9版练习题英文版附答案1Chapter 1 Introduction to Management and Organizations TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONSA MANAGER’S DILEMMA1.Today’s managers are just as likely to be women as they are men.2.Management affects employee morale but not a company’s financial performance.WHO ARE MANAGERS?3.In order to be considered a manager, an individual must coordinate the work of others.4.Supervisors and foremen may both be considered first-line managers.WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?5.Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs.6.Effectiveness is concerned with the means of getting things done, while efficiency is concerned withthe attainment of organizational goals.7. A goal of efficiency is to minimize resource costs.8.Efficiency is often referred to as “doing things right.”9.Managers who are effective at meeting organizational goals always act efficiently.WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?10.The four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.11.Determining who reports to whom is part of the controlling function of management.12.Directing and motivating are part of the controllingfunction of management.13.Fayol’s management functions are basically equivalent to Mintzberg’s management roles.14.The roles of figurehead, leader, and liaison are all interpersonal roles.15.Disturbance handler is one of Mintzberg’s interpersonal roles.16.Mintzberg’s informational management role involves receiving, collecting, and disseminatinginformation.17.Mintzberg’s resource allocation role is similar to Fayol’s planning function because it involves thecoordination of employee’s activities.18.Resource allocation and disturbance handling are both considered decisional roles.19.A finance manager who reads the Wall Street Journal ona regular basis would be performing thefigurehead role.20.Katz found that managers needed three essential skills: technical, human, and informational.21.Technical skills become less important as a manager moves into higher levels of management.22.Conceptual skills become less important as a manager moves into top management.23.Interpersonal skills involve a manager’s ability to think about abstract situations.24.Coaching and budgeting are skills closely related to the management function of leading.25.Budgeting is a skill that is related to both planning and controlling.26.In today’s world, organizational managers at all levels and in all areas need to encourage theiremployees to be on the look-out for new ideas and new approaches.27.Only first-line managers and employees need to be concerned with being customer-responsive.28.Innovation is only important in high-tech firms.WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?29.A distinct purpose is important in defining an organization.30.A nontaxable organization, such as the United Way, cannot be considered an organization. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSFor each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question.A MANAGER’S DILEMM A31.Which of the following statements regarding managers in today’s world is accurate?a.Their age range is limited to between 30 and 65.b.They are found only in large corporations.c.They can be found exclusively in for-profit organizations.d.The single most important variable in employee productivity and loyalty is the quality of therelationship between employees and their direct supervisors.32.According to data collected by Catalyst, a nonprofit research group, _________ percent of corporateofficers in Fortune 500 companies are women.a.55.3b.15.7c.39.7d.21.9WHO ARE MANAGERS?33.Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order toaccomplish organizational goals is ___________.a.an assembly line workerb. a laborerc. a managerd. a salesperson34.In the past, nonmanagerial employees were viewed as employees who ___________.a.reported to top executivesb.reported to middle managersc.supervised othersd.had no others reporting to them35.Which of the following types of managers is responsible for making organization-wide decisions andestablishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization?a.first-line managersb.top managersc.production managersd.research managers36.All levels of management between the supervisory level and the top level of the organization aretermed _____________.a.middle managersb.first-line managersc.supervisorsd.foremen37.Which of the following levels of management is associated with positions such as executive vicepresident, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board?a.team leadersb.middle managersc.first-line managersd.top managers38.Agency head or plant manager is most likely associated with which of the following?a.team leadersb.middle managersc.first-line managersd.top managers39.The lowest level of management is ______________.a. a nonmanagerial employeeb. a department of research managerc. a vice presidentd. a first-line manager40.Supervisor is another name for which of the following?a.team leaderb.middle managerc.first-line managerd.top manager41.Managers with titles such as regional manager, project leader, or plant manager are_______________.a.first-line managersb.top managersc.production managersd.middle managers42.Which of the following best reflects the management structure of a traditional organization?a.pyramidb.circlec.hub with spokesd.infinite line43.Division manager is associated with which of the following levels of management?a.team leadersb.middle managersc.first-line managersd.top managersWHAT IS MANAGEMENT?44._____________ is the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with andthrough other people.a.Leadingb.Managementc.Supervisiond.Controlling45.The distinction between a managerial position and a nonmanagerial position is _______________.a.planning the work of othersb.coordinating the work of othersc.controlling the work of others/doc/b815723333.html,anizing the work of others46.Which of the following is an example of an efficient manufacturing technique?a.cutting inventory levelsb.increasing the amount of time to manufacture productsc.increasing product reject ratesd.decreasing product output47.Wasting resources is considered to be an example of managerial _____________.a.efficiencyb.effectivenessc.inefficiencyd.ineffectiveness48.An automobile manufacturer that increased the total number of cars produced at the same cost, butwith many defects, would be _____________.a.efficient and effectiveb.increasing efficiencyc.increasing effectivenessd.concerned with inputs49.Effectiveness is synonymous with _____________.a.cost minimizationb.resource controlc.goal attainmentd.efficiency50.Efficiency refers to _____________.a.the relationship between inputs and outputsb.the additive relationship between costs and benefitsc.the exponential nature of costs and outputsd.increasing outputs regardless of cost51.In successful organizations, ______________.a.low efficiency and high effectiveness go hand in handb.high efficiency and low effectiveness go hand in handc.high efficiency and high effectiveness go hand in handd.high efficiency and high equity go hand in hand52.Whereas _____________ is concerned with the means of getting things done, _____________ isconcerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals.a.effectiveness; efficiencyb.efficiency; effectivenessc.effectiveness; goal attainmentd.goal attainment; efficiencyWHAT DO MANAGERS DO?MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS53.How many management functions were originally proposed in the early part of the twentieth century?a.threeb.fourc.fived.nine54._____________ was a French industrialist who first identified the basic management functions.a.Weberb.Taylorc.Herzbergd.Fayol55.Today, the basic management functions are considered to be ______________.a.planning, coordinating, staffing, and directingb.planning, organizing, leading, and directing/doc/b815723333.html,manding, organizing, leading, and staffingd.planning, organizing, leading, and controlling56.Which of the following management functions from the mid-1950s is no longer included in the basicfunctions of management?/doc/b815723333.html,mandingb.staffingc.leadingd.controlling57.Writing an organizational strategic plan is an example of the ______________ management function.a.leadingb.coordinatingc.planning/doc/b815723333.html,anizing/doc/b815723333.html,anizing includes _____________.a.defining organizational goalsb.hiring organizational membersc.motivating organizational membersd.determining who does what tasks59.A manager resolving conflict among organizational members is performing what function?a.controlling/doc/b815723333.html,mandingc.directingd.leading60.The process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting is called _____________.a.controllingb.coordinatingc.leading/doc/b815723333.html,anizingMANAGEMENT ROLES61.__________ developed a categorization scheme for defining what managers do, consisting of 10different but highly interrelated roles.a.Henri Fayolb.Henry Fordc.Henry Mintzbergd.Henry Morris62.According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the _____________ roles are those that involve peopleand other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature./doc/b815723333.html,rmationalb.interpersonalc.technicald.decisional63.The roles of disseminator, figurehead, negotiator, liaison, and spokesperson are more important atthe __________ levels of the organization.a.lowerb.middlec.higherd.supervisory64.Which of the following is not an example of a decisional role according to Mintzberg?a.spokespersonb.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocator65.A human resource manager attending a local Society for Human Resource Management meetingwould be functioning in which role?/doc/b815723333.html,rmationalb.leaderc.liaisond.disseminator66.A finance manager who reads the Wall Street Journal ona regular basis would be performing whichrole?a.figureheadb.monitorc.disseminatord.interpersonal67.The _____________ role is more important for lower-level managers than it is for either middle- ortop-level managers.a.leaderb.entrepreneurc.spokespersond.disseminator68.The emphasis that managers give to various roles seems to be based on their _____________./doc/b815723333.html,anizational levelb.tenure with the organizationc.experience in their fieldd.personality69.Which of the following is not an example of an interpersonal role according to Mintzberg?a.figureheadb.leaderc.liaisond.spokesperson70.According to Mintzberg’s management roles, the ______________ roles involve receiving,collecting, and disseminating information.a.interpersonal/doc/b815723333.html,rmationalc.technicald.decisional71.All of the following are examples of informational roles according to Mintzberg except____________.a.liaisonb.monitorc.disseminatord.spokesperson72.Which of the following is not an example of a decisional role according to Mintzberg?a.spokespersonb.entrepreneurc.disturbance handlerd.resource allocator73.All of the following are managerial roles that are more important at the higher levels of theorganization except ________________.a.leaderb.disseminatorc.figureheadd.negotiator74.Which of the fol lowing represents the most useful way of describing the manager’s job?a.rolesb.functionsc.skills/doc/b815723333.html,anizational level75.Many of Mintzberg’s roles align with the basic functions of management. For example, the_____________ role is a part of planning.a.figureheadb.leaderc.liaisond.resource allocation76.All three o f Mintzberg’s interpersonal roles are part of the _____________ function./doc/b815723333.html,anizingb.planningc.leadingd.controllingMANAGEMENT SKILLS77.Which of the following identified the three essential managerial skills?a.Katzb.Lewisbergc.Rainesd.Chambers78.The three essential managerial skills include _____________.a.technical, human, and empiricalb.human, empirical, and conceptualc.technical, interpersonal, and controllingd.technical, human, and conceptual79.Understanding building codes would be considered a _____________ skill for a building contractor.a.humanb.technicalc.conceptuald.empirical80.Which of the following is true concerning technical and managerial skills?a.Human skills and technical skills remain equally important as managers move to higher levels.b.Technical-skill needs remain necessary and human skills decrease as managers move to higherlevels.c.Human skills remain necessary and technical-skill needs decrease as managers move to higherlevels.d.Both human-skill and technical-skill needs decrease as managers move to higher levels.81.Managers with good __________ are able to get the best out of their people.a.human skillsb.conceptual skillsc.technical skillsd.visual skills82.Technical skills include _______________.a.leadership and efficiency in a certain specialized fieldb.knowledge of and proficiency in a certain specialized fieldc.familiarity with and interest in a general field of endeavord.skill and interest in a general field of endeavor83.The ability to work well with other people, both individually and in a group, requires________________.a.technical skillsb.assessment skillsc.planning skillsd.human skills84.Which of the following types of skills are described with terms such as abstract situations andvisualization?a.interpersonalb.humanc.technicald.conceptual85.Which one of the following phrases is best associated with managerial conceptual skills?a.decision making/doc/b815723333.html,municating with customers/doc/b815723333.html,ing information to solve business problemsd.product knowledge86.Which of the following skills are more important at lower levels of management, as these managersare dealing directly with employees doing the organization’s work?a.humanb.technicalc.conceptuald.empirical87.Budgeting is associated with the management functions of planning and _____________.a.directing/doc/b815723333.html,anizingc.leadingd.controlling88.Mentoring is primarily associated with the management function of _____________.a.planning/doc/b815723333.html,anizingc.leadingd.controllingWHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?89.An organization is ______________.a.the physical location where people workb. a collection of individuals working for the same companyc. a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purposed. a group of individuals focused on profit making for their shareholders90.One of the common characteristics of all organizations is ____________, which is typicallyexpressed in terms of the organization’s goals.a.its peopleb.its goalsc.its systematic structured.its purpose91.One of the common characteristics of all organizations is _____________, which clarifies members’work relationships.a.its peopleb.its goalsc.its deliberate structured.its purpose92.A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose is _____________.a. a structure.b. a process.c.an organization.d.an assembly operation93.A difference between traditional organizations and new organizations is that the new organizationstend to be more _____________.a.stable/doc/b815723333.html,mand orientedc.rule orientedd.dynamicWHY STUDY MANAGEMENT?94.Which of the following best describes the concept that management is needed in all types and sizesof organizations, no matter the country in which they’re located?a.the partiality of managementb.the segmentation of managementc.the universality of managementd.the cultures of management95.Universality of management means that _____________a.all managers in all organizations perform the four management functionsb.all managers in all organizations can perform their job thesame wayc.all organizations can hire any manager to perform the management jobsd.any manager can work in any organization and perform any management job96.As members of the general public, we have a vested interest in improving the way organizations aremanaged because _________________.a.we stand to benefit personally from an individual organization’s profitsb.we interact with organizations every single day of our livesc.if organizations don’t improve, we won’t have a place to work in the future/doc/b815723333.html,anizations supply inputs to other organizations/doc/b815723333.html,anizations that are well managed ____________.a.choose the best suppliers for their products/doc/b815723333.html,pete on an international basis because they have the best productsc.always have the lowest-cost productsd.develop a loyal customer base, grow, and prosper98.According to management expert Peter Drucker, management is about ______________.a.profitsb.peoplec.planningd.participation99.Which of the following types of managerial positions is most likely to involve clerical duties?a.shift supervisorb.regional department headc.project managerd.chief executive officer100. A manager’s success is typically _______________.a.dependent on how hard the manager worksb.how closely the manager supervises the employeesc.based on how skilled the manager is at the technical elements of the jobd.dependent on others’ work performance101. A primary responsibility of managers is creating a work environment that _______________.a.is safe and well litb.is clean and organizedc.allows employees to do their work to the best of their abilityd.provides excellent customer service102.Managers often ______________.a.are prevented from making business decisionsb.change their career paths during their work livesc.have opportunities to think creatively and use their imaginationsd.must depend on their employees for guidance in dealing with superiors103.Which of the following represents a challenge of management?a.enjoy relatively easy workb.work with a variety of peoplec.have little influence on organizational outcomesd.have to deal with a variety of personalities104.Each of the following represents a challenge of management except _______________.a.must operate with limited resourcesb.are highly valued by organizationsc.must motivate workers in uncertain situationsd.success depends on others’ performanceSCENARIOS AND QUESTIONSFor each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question.WHO ARE MANAGERS?Managerial Basic Training (Scenario)Imagine that your marketing company has just merged with a manufacturing organization. You have been asked to help provide some “basic” managerial training to the engineers in the research and development unit of the new sister company. To make sure you are covering the necessary issues, your boss has asked to see an overview of materials that you will be providing the engineers.105.Now that both companies are merged and are a systematic arrangement of people set to accomplish a specific purpose, they could be described as a(n) _____________.a.business unitb.multinational company/doc/b815723333.html,anizationd.holding company106.One of the first things the engineers need to learn is that _____________ are the people who direct the activities of others in an organization.a.directorsb.managersc.subordinatesd.line workers107.Another fact that engineers need to learn is that supervisors may frequently be referred to as _____________.a.middle managersb.top managersc.project leadersd.first-line managers108.Many of the engineers in the group are unclear about what managers actually do. Your training materials explain that a manager’s job focuses on _____________.a.the performance of clerical dutiesb.personal achievementc.helping others accomplish their work goalsd.supervising groups rather than individual employeesThe Customer Meeting (Scenario)Kelly, a production supervisor, is responsible for 10 employees who assemble components into a finished product that is sold to distributors. Kelly reports to Ben, a production manager, who in turn reports to Dan, a general manager, who reports to McKenna, a vice president of operations. Recently, McKenna asked Dan to have a meeting with Kelly and Ben regarding some customer concerns in the production area. The focus of the meeting was to judge the validity of the customer concerns, and to develop a specific plan to address these concerns.109.What is the commonality among Kelly, Ben, Dan, and McKenna?a.They all produce the same product.b.They all have the same job content.c.They all are managers.d.They all have the same vision.110.Kelly is considered to be what level of management?a.top managerb.superintendent of assemblyc.middle managerd.first-line manager111.Ben and Dan are considered to be what level of management?a.top managersb.middle managersc.superintendents of assemblyd.first-line managers112.McKenna is considered to be what level of management?a.top managerb.superintendent of assemblyc.middle managerd.first-line manager113.The structure of the managerial relationships among McKenna, Dan, Ben, and Kelly can best be described as a ____________.a.flexible work groupb.traditional pyramid structurec.innovative nuclear structure/doc/b815723333.html,munication hubWHAT IS MANAGEMENT?The Perfect Manager (Scenario)Brenda Kraft has proven herself to be an able manager. Her section has a high project completion rate with the highest-quality product and the lowest defects in her division. In addition,she accomplishes this with fewer full-time people than other managers. Some say that the secret of her success is in her ability to delegate responsibility and her understanding of the basic “management functions.”114.Brenda’s ability to complete activities efficiently and effectively with and through other people is known as _____________.a.managementb.leadershipc.coerciond.delegation115.Brenda’s ability to produce the same amount of product with fewer personnel is a reflection of her ___________.a.effectivenessb.process skillsc.leadershipd.efficiency116.The fact that Brenda completes her projects is an indication of her _____________ as a manager.a.leadershipb.effectivenessc.efficiencyd.attention to detail117.If Brenda accomplished her projects on time with high-quality results, but she took more time than other managers in the process, you could say that as a manager she was ____________.a.efficient, but not effectiveb. a leader, but not a top managerc.project oriented, but not effectived.effective, but not efficient118.The “management functions” exemplified by Brenda include all but which of the following?a.planningb.controlling/doc/b815723333.html,anizingd.calibratingWHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Joe the Manager (Scenario)As a production supervisor, Joe decides on Friday afternoon how many units of output his employees will be able to produce and on which days certain products will be run in his department. He also decides which of his employees are going to be responsible for operating which machines within the department next week, as his employees are multi-skilled assemblers. On Monday, he informs his employees of their assignments to specific machines by handing out assignment sheets. He tells the employees that the schedule is going to be difficult this week due to the increased number of units. He goes on to tell them that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are such good and skilled employees. Each day during the week, Joe checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been rejected.119.When Joe decides how many units of output his employees will be able to produce and on which days certain products will be run, he is performing which of the management functions?a.controllingb.leadingc.planning/doc/b815723333.html,anizing120.When Joe checks the amount of output that the employees have completed and the number of units that have been rejected, he is performing which of the management functions?a.controllingb.leadingc.planning/doc/b815723333.html,anizing121.When Joe tells the employees that he is sure they can fulfill the schedule because they are such good and skilled employees, he is performing which of the management functions?a.controllingb.leadingc.planning/doc/b815723333.html,anizingThe Busy Day (Scenario)Don Eskew, plant manager at Control Systems, Inc., sighed as he sipped his first cup of coffee at 5 A.M. and read his agenda for the day. He is giving two company tours in the morning: the first to a newspaper reporter who is writing a story on the new plant expansion, and the second to a group of Control Systems managers from the east coast. Don then has a meeting with the unit manager, Phil Johnson, to discuss Phil’s recent drop in performanc e (a task Don always hates). Next, Don is spending a couple of hours reviewing the trade journals he receives from his high-tech association and writing up a brief synopsis for his presentation next week to the division president. Finally, in the late afternoon, he will be reviewing the new equipment malfunction and deciding whether to bring in extra people to get the equipment running as soon as possible. Whew! Just anotherday in the glamorous life of a manager. 122.Together, all of the functions that Don performs during his busy day correspond to the management roles discovered in the late 1960s by which one of the following management researchers?a.Herzbergb.Skinnerc.Mintzbergd.Fayol123.When Don conducts the tour for the east coast managers, he will be operating in which of the management roles?a.leaderb.liaisonc.monitord.figurehead124.When Don meets with Phil to discuss Phil’s performance issues, Don will be operating in which management role?a.leaderb.figureheadc.monitord.disturbance handler125.What role will Don be performing when he gives the plant tour to the newspaper reporter?a.monitorb.figureheadc.disseminatord.spokesperson126.When Don reviews the new equipment malfunction, what management role will he play when deciding whether to bring in extra people?a.monitorb.disseminatorc.resource allocatord.disturbance handlerThe General Manager (Scenario)Michael is the general manager of a production facility. In a routine day, Michael might meet with city officials or civic leaders about environmental issues due to the plant’s presen ce in the community. After these meetings, he will then meet with the plant’s functional managers to discuss the concerns expressed by the city representatives. Other times, Michael might meet with the production manager, Betty, and the human resource manager, Joyce, to discuss a complaint filed by one of the employees in a production department. Michael might also spend time on the Internet looking for new technologies that can be used in the production processes of his plant.127.When Michael gains information from city officials or civic l eaders to learn how the plant’s operations may be affecting the environment, he is performing which management role?a.leaderb.resource allocatorc.entrepreneurd.monitor128.When Michael meets with Betty and Joyce to discuss a complaint filed by one of the employees in a production department, he is performing which management role?a.resource allocatorb.disturbance handlerc.liaison。
Essentials of Management●What is the term used to describe acceptance of solutions that are ' good enough ' ? ✓Decision-making behaviour that is rational BUT is limited by the ability to process information✓Cannot analyse all possible information✓Result is ' satisficing ' - accepting solutions that are ' good enough '✓Need to bear in mind ' escalation of commitment ' - increased support for a previous decision despite evidence it is wrong●Two characteristics of an analytic style of decision making✓High tolerance for ambiguity✓Rational way of thinking✓Want lots of information✓Ability to cope with unique situations●What aspect of planning can be described as ' Desired outcomes for individuals,groups or entire organisations ' ?●The first step in the Strategic Management ProcessStep1- Identifying the Current Mission, Objectives and Stratehies✓Identify the mission - the purpose and objectives of the organization✓Identify the goals in place✓Identify the strategies currently being pursuedMission statement should clarify the reason for being in business●Definition of core competenciesThe organization's major value - creating capabilities that determine its competitive weapons.●Three values that a manager needs to know in order to establish a breakeven point ✓Technique for identifying the point at which total revenue is just sufficient to cover total costs✓Highlights the link between revenues, costs and profits✓Costs are in two parts - fixed and variable●Two main approaches to classify personality traits-Myers Bring Type Indicator (MBIT)-The Big Five Model●Two examples of the different types of formal groups✓Command Groups✓Task Groups✓Cross-function Teams✓Self-managed Teams●Name of the researcher who established the Motivation-Hygiene TheoryHerzberg●What leadership style should be used to describe a manager who ' centralisesauthority, dictates work methods, makes unilateral decisions and limits employee participation '?Five leadership styles:✓Decide✓Consult individually✓Consult group✓Facilitate✓Delegate●First step in the Control ProcessStep1- Measuring Actual Performances●Two theorists for the general administrative approach✓Henri Fayol - 14 principles of management✓Max W eber - bureaicracy●Differences betw een functional conflict and dysfunctional conflict✓Functional conflict - conflicts that support a group's goals and improve its performance ✓Dysfunctional conflict - conflicts that prevent a group from achieving its goals●Two advantages and two disadvantage of group decision making✓Generate more complete information and knowledge✓Generate more diverse alternative✓Increase acceptance of a solution✓Increase legitimacy●Definition of social loafingThe tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually●Three of the dimensions of emotional intelligence✓Self-awareness : ability to be aware of what you're feeling✓Self-management : the ability to manage your emotions and impulse✓Self-motivation : ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures✓Empathy : ability to sense how others are feeling✓Social skills : ability to handle the emotions of others●Four reasons why attitude surveys are undertaken●Definition of benchmarking✓Search for best practice among competitors or non-competitors that lead to their superior performance✓Analyse performance and copy methods✓Gather information from contacts, trade associations, insusty experts and websites●Four main steps in the benchmarking process✓Form a benchmarking planning team✓Gather internal and external data✓Analyse date to identify performance gaps✓Prepare implement action plan✓Best practices●Three main obj ectives of project management✓ A project is a one-time only set of activities that has a definite beginning and end✓Project management is the task of getting a project's activities done on time, within budget, and according to specifications●Key characteristics of Stars and Dogs in the BCG matrix✓Star - Heavy investment in stars will help take advantages of the market's growth and help maintain high market share. The stars will eventually develop into cash cows as their market mature and sales growth slows.✓Dogs - The dogs should be sold off or liquidated as they have low market share in markets with low growth potential.●What actions might an organization take if it was adopting a cost leadershipstrategy✓The company aims to be the lowest cost producer in its industy✓Commonly Required Skills and Resources:-Sustained capital investment-Process engineering skills-Intense supervision of labour✓Common Organizational Requirements:-Tight cost control-Frequent, detailed cost reports-Incentives based on meeting strict targets●Four main purposes of planning✓Provide direction to both managers and staff✓Reduce uncertain by forcing managers to look ahead and anticipate change✓Reduce overlapping and wasteful activities✓Establish goals or standards that are used for control purpose●How is Management By Objectives (MBO) used as a means for establishing goalswithin an organization?✓Overall objectives and strategies are formulated✓Major objectives allocated among departments✓Unit managers set specific objectives for their units✓Action plans agreed by managers and employees, defining how objectives are to be achieved✓Action plans are implemented✓Periodic reviews to check progress, and feedback✓Successful achievement of objectives is rewarded●Three different types of programmed decision for a structured problem✓Producers - a series of sequential steps used to respond to a well-structured problem✓Rules - an explicit statement that tells managers what can or cannot be done✓Policies - a guidance for making decision●Definition of standing planOngoing plans that provide guidance for activities performed repeatedly●Draw a diagram that clearly illustrates the Simplified Expectancy Model which wasdeveloped by V ictor V room. The diagram should include the three variables that are included in the model, and all components should be clearly labelled●Five suggestions for motivating employee effectively✓Recognize individual differences✓Match people to jobs✓Use goals✓Ensure goals are perceived as attainable✓Individualise rewards✓Link rewards to performance✓Check the system for equity✓Use recognition✓Don't ignore monet●Four leadership behaviours that are identified by Robert House as part of thePath-Goal Model✓Leader Behaviour - Directive, Supportive, Participative, Achievement Oriented✓Environmental and Contingency Factors - Task structure, Formal authority system, Work group✓Outcomes - Performances, Satisfaction✓Subordinate and Contingency Factors - Locus of control, Experience, Perceived Ability●Which two universities in the USA were leaders in behaviour studiesUniversity of Lowa, University of Manchigan●Definition of high-high leaderA leader high in both initating structure and consideration behaviours●Three of the main activities undertaken by managers in the Organizing Function✓Determining tasks to be done✓Identifying who is to do them✓Establishing who reports to whom and where decisions are made●What role would a spokesperson be undertakingTransmits information to outsiders●Definition of conceptual skillsAbility to think about and conceptualise complex situations●Difference betw een a closed system and an open system✓Closed system - systems that are not influenced by their environment✓Open system - systems that dynamically interact with their environment●Four key characteristics of the Contingency Approach✓Organizations are different - size, goals, work etc.✓They face different situations✓Therefore require different approaches to management✓No universally applicable management rules that work in all situations●The third step in the Control Process is Taking Managerial Action. List threepossible course of action that a manager can take in this stepRevise the standard●Definition of organization performancePerformance - the end result of an activity✓Organizational performance - the accumulated end results of all the organization's work process and activities✓Managers need to ensure their units or groups achieve high levels of performance●Three benefits of using written reposts for measuring performance✓Organization productivity - overall output of goods or services produced divided by inputs needed to generate that output✓Organizational effectiveness - measure of appropriateness of goals and how well they are being achieved✓Industry ranking - different types of industry and company rankings, based on financial results, customer satisfaction, etc.。
