111阅读理解 -

《艾青诗选》名著阅读归纳作品简介中国现当代最杰出的诗人艾青的一个断代诗选本，集中选录了诗人创作于二十世纪三十年代至四十年代的诗作一百三十余首，其中既有《向太阳》、《雪落在中国的土地上》这样脍炙人口的名篇，也有《时代》、《老人》这样虽不著名，却有另一种动人风范的优秀之作。

这些诗篇全面、完整地层示了诗人第一个创作高峰期的综合诗歌成就，极富感染力地映现了一个苦难而激越的时代。

作者简介艾青（1910年03月27日-1996年05月05日）是一位伟大的中国现代诗人。

原名蒋海澄，笔名莪伽、克阿等。

浙江金华人。

1932年在上海加入中国左翼美术家联盟。

1933年第一次用艾青的笔名发表长诗，感情诚挚，诗风清新3轰动诗坛。

之后陆续出版诗集《大堰河》（1939）、《火把》（1941）、《向太阳》（1947）等，笔触雄浑，感情强烈，倾诉了对祖国和人民的情感。

解放后的诗集.有《欢呼集》、电春天》等。

1948年以后发表了《在浪尖上》、《光的赞歌》等诗作。

出版了《艾青选集》等。

另有论文集《诗论》、《论诗》、《新诗论》等著作。

1985年，获法国艺术最高勋章。

其诗作《我爱这圣地》《大堰河一我的保姆》被选入人教版中学语文教材「1957年被错划为右派。

曾赴黑龙江、新疆生活和劳动，创作中断了二十余年。

1979年平反后，任中国作家协会副主席*国际笔会中心副会长等职。

1985年获法国文学艺术最高勋章。

作品主题01土地土地凝聚着诗人对祖国以及蒲大地母亲深沉的爱£对祖国命运深沉的忧患意识。

爱国主义是艾青作品中永远唱不尽的主题，在《大堰河一一我的保姆》中，“大堰河"是人民的化身，是中国农民的化身，流露出艾青对劳动人民的同情和热爱，同时还有对他们命运的关切与探索。

把爱国主义表达地淋漓尽致的还有他的名作《我爱这土地》一一“为什么我的眼里常含泪水？因为我对这土地爱的深沉''。

这两句诗真实而朴素，却是来自诗人内心深处，来自民族生命深处，具有不朽的艺术生命力。

八年级语文阅读理解专项练习推荐在八年级语文学习中，阅读理解是一项非常重要的能力，它不仅能够提升学生的语文素养，还能锻炼学生的逻辑思维和分析能力。

为了帮助八年级学生更好地进行阅读理解的专项练习，以下是一些推荐的内容：1. 经典文学作品阅读：选择一些适合八年级学生阅读的经典文学作品，如《红楼梦》、《西游记》、《水浒传》等，让学生在阅读的过程中，理解作者的写作意图，分析人物性格，把握故事情节。

2. 现代散文阅读：现代散文以其语言优美、情感真挚而受到学生的喜爱。

推荐学生阅读一些现代散文名家的作品，如朱自清的《背影》、冰心的《小桔灯》等，通过阅读这些作品，学生可以学习到如何运用语言来表达情感。

3. 报刊杂志文章阅读：报刊杂志上的文章通常紧跟时代脉搏，内容丰富多样。

推荐学生定期阅读《人民日报》、《读者》等报刊杂志，通过阅读这些文章，学生可以了解社会热点，拓宽视野。

4. 古诗文阅读：古诗文是中华文化的瑰宝，通过阅读古诗文，学生可以感受到古人的智慧和情感。

推荐学生阅读一些经典的古诗文，如《诗经》、《楚辞》、《唐诗三百首》等，通过背诵和理解，提高自己的文学修养。

5. 阅读理解练习题：除了阅读材料，还可以通过做一些阅读理解练习题来提高学生的阅读能力。

这些练习题可以是课后习题，也可以是专门的阅读理解训练册，通过不断的练习，学生可以掌握阅读理解的技巧。

6. 阅读分享会：组织学生定期举行阅读分享会，让学生分享自己的阅读体会和感悟。

通过交流和讨论，学生可以相互学习，共同进步。

7. 阅读笔记：鼓励学生在阅读的过程中做笔记，记录自己的思考和感悟。

这样不仅能够帮助学生加深对阅读材料的理解，还能够锻炼学生的写作能力。

8. 阅读竞赛：学校可以定期举办阅读竞赛，通过竞赛的形式激发学生的阅读兴趣，提高学生的阅读水平。

通过上述的专项练习，八年级学生可以在阅读中不断提高自己的语文素养，为今后的学习和生活打下坚实的基础。

新部编版五年级下册语文阅读理解（A4打印版）一、课内阅读。

起初周围是静寂的。

后来忽然起了一声鸟叫。

我们把手一拍，便看见一只大鸟飞了起来。

接着又看见第二只，第三只。

我们继续拍掌，树上就变得热闹了，到处都是鸟声，到处都是鸟影。

大的，小的，花的，黑的，有的站在树枝上叫，有的飞起来，有的在扑翅膀。

我注意地看着，眼睛应接不暇，看清楚了这只，又错过了那只，看见了那只，另一只又飞起来了。

一只画眉飞了出来，被我们的掌声一吓，又飞进了叶丛，站在一根小枝上兴奋地叫着，那歌声真好听。

当小船向着高塔下面的乡村划去的时侯，我回头看那被抛在后面的茂盛的榕树。

我感到一点儿留恋。

昨天是我的眼睛骗了我，那“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊！1．用“﹏﹏﹏”在选文中画出表示“应接不暇”的句子。

2．“大的，小的，花的，黑的”这些写了鸟的___________。

“有的……有的……有的……”写了鸟的___________。

又写了一只画眉鸟，这里采用了___________的方法。

3．“昨天是我的眼睛骗了我”这句话的意思是：昨天不是_______，而是_________。

4．最后一句话中第一个“鸟的天堂”加了双引号是因为：________________；第二个“鸟的天堂”没加双引号是因为：_______________________。

二、课外阅读。

在柏林一列火车缓慢地驶出柏林,车厢里尽是妇女和孩子,几乎看不到一个健壮的男子。

在一节车厢里,坐着一位头发灰白的战时后备役老兵,坐在他身旁的是个身体虚弱而多病的老妇人。

显然她在独自沉思,旅客们听到她在数着:“一、二、三。

”声音盖过了车轮的咔嚓咔嚓声。

停顿了一会儿,她又重复起来。

两个小姑娘看到这奇特的举动,指手画脚,不假思索地嘲笑起来。

一个老头狠狠扫了她们一眼,随即车厢里平静了。

“一、二、三。

”这个神志不清的老妇人又重复数着。

两个小姑娘再次傻笑起来。

这时,那位灰白头发的战时后备役老兵挺了挺身板,开口了。

文学效果答题模板高中甲方：____________________________乙方：____________________________11 文学效果答题模板旨在指导高中学生掌握分析文学作品中各类效果的方法提升答题能力以下为具体步骤及注意事项111 阅读理解首先全面阅读作品理解基本情节主题思想感情注意作者使用的语言风格叙述方式等112 划分层次在理解基础上将文章划分为不同层次每个层次围绕中心思想展开这有助于深入分析113 抓住关键词句关注文章中的关键语句如反复出现的词汇形容词动词等它们往往承载着丰富情感和深刻含义114 分析修辞手法识别并分析作品中运用的修辞手法如比喻拟人排比等讨论其如何增强表达效果115 探讨表现手法考察作者采用何种表现手法来呈现故事如倒叙插叙对比等方法及其作用116 结合背景知识将作品放到特定历史文化背景下考察考虑时代特征对作品影响117 个人感悟在充分分析基础上结合自身经历或看法提出独到见解使答案更加生动鲜活118 逻辑清晰表达时注意条理性先总后分再总结这样能使阅卷老师一目了然119 用词准确选择恰当词汇描述感受避免空洞无物多使用具体例子支撑观点1110 字数控制根据题目要求合理安排字数不宜过长也不宜过短1111 多角度思考不局限于一种思路多从不同角度出发进行思考丰富答案内容1112 反复修改完成初稿后多次检查修改完善直至满意为止12 本模板适用于高中阶段各种类型文学作品分析包括但不限于小说散文诗歌戏剧等121 学生应结合实际情况灵活运用上述方法并不断实践总结经验以提高自身文学鉴赏水平122 教师可将此模板作为教学参考亦可根据班级特点适当调整内容更好地服务于课堂教学123 家长也可参照该模板辅导孩子学习帮助他们培养良好阅读习惯提升综合素质124 未来随着学生理解力提升可逐渐减少对外部模板依赖形成自己独特分析框架。

阅读理解中的设问句如何解读一、关键信息1、设问句的定义与特点定义：＿___________________________特点：＿___________________________2、设问句在阅读理解中的作用引起读者兴趣：＿___________________________强调重点内容：＿___________________________引导读者思考：＿___________________________推进文章结构：＿___________________________3、解读设问句的方法分析提问目的：＿___________________________寻找答案线索：＿___________________________理解作者意图：＿___________________________结合上下文：＿___________________________4、常见的设问句类型一般性设问：＿___________________________反设问：＿___________________________连续设问：＿___________________________二、协议内容11 设问句的定义设问句是一种自问自答的句子形式，作者通过提出问题并自己给出答案，来达到某种表达目的。

例如：“什么是幸福？幸福就是一种内心的满足和安宁。

”111 设问句的特点设问句具有鲜明的特点，它以疑问的形式引起读者的关注，激发读者的好奇心和探究欲望。

同时，由于作者自己给出了答案，使得表达更加直接、明确，增强了文章的说服力。

112 与疑问句的区别设问句与一般疑问句不同，疑问句通常是作者向读者寻求答案，而设问句的答案已经在作者的掌控之中，只是通过这种方式来传达信息和表达观点。

12 设问句在阅读理解中的作用121 引起读者兴趣通过提出新奇、有趣或引人深思的问题，能够迅速抓住读者的注意力，使他们更愿意深入阅读下去，以寻求答案。

关于阅读的议论文11 引言阅读，是一扇通向无尽智慧和丰富情感的大门，是人类进步的阶梯，也是心灵漫游的轻舟。

111 阅读开拓视野阅读能带我们穿越时空，领略古今中外的风光。

通过书籍，我们能与历史伟人对话，了解他们的思想和智慧；能探索未知的领域，感受科学的神奇和奥秘；能品味不同文化的韵味，拓展自己的认知边界。

112 阅读丰富心灵在喧嚣的世界中，阅读是一片宁静的港湾。

当我们沉浸于一本好书时，心灵得到滋养，情感得到共鸣。

我们会为书中人物的悲欢离合而感动，会在文字的引领下思考人生的意义和价值。

113 阅读提升思维阅读是思维的体操。

它促使我们分析、推理、判断，锻炼我们的逻辑能力和批判性思维。

不同的观点和思想在书中碰撞，激发我们的创新意识和独立思考能力。

12 阅读面临的挑战121 信息爆炸与浮躁心态如今，信息如潮水般涌来，人们容易陷入碎片化阅读，难以静心深入一本书籍。

浮躁的心态使阅读变得功利，追求快速获取而忽略了深度理解。

122 电子设备的诱惑电子设备的普及带来了众多娱乐选择，分散了人们对阅读的注意力。

游戏、社交媒体等成为争夺时间的对手，让阅读在角落中被冷落。

13 培养良好阅读习惯的方法131 设定阅读目标明确自己的阅读方向和目标，有计划地选择书籍，逐步构建知识体系。

132 创造阅读环境营造一个安静、舒适、充满书香的环境，让自己更容易沉浸于阅读之中。

133 分享与交流与他人分享阅读心得，参加读书俱乐部或讨论小组，通过交流加深对书籍的理解。

14 结论阅读是一场永无止境的旅程，它不仅赋予我们知识和智慧，更塑造了我们的品格和灵魂。

让我们在阅读的海洋中畅游，不断探索，不断成长，用书籍点亮人生的灯塔，照亮前行的道路。

语文阅读理解题的常见陷阱有哪些关键信息项：1、常见陷阱类型2、陷阱的表现形式3、应对陷阱的策略11 常见陷阱类型111 偷换概念在阅读理解题中，命题者可能会故意将文中的某些概念进行替换，使考生在理解和答题时产生偏差。

例如，将原文中的“主要原因”偷换成“根本原因”，虽然看似相似，但含义和程度却有很大不同。

112 以偏概全有些题目会根据文中的局部内容得出过于绝对的结论，而忽略了整体的语境和其他相关信息。

比如，文中只是提到某个现象在特定情况下的表现，题目却将其推广为普遍现象。

113 无中生有选项中可能会出现一些在原文中根本没有提及的内容，考生若不仔细甄别，很容易被这些凭空捏造的信息所误导。

114 张冠李戴将甲的观点、行为或特征错误地安在乙的身上，导致考生对文章内容的理解出现混乱。

115 强加因果把没有因果关系的两件事硬说成有因果关系，让考生误以为存在必然的逻辑联系。

12 陷阱的表现形式121 词语表述不准确题目中的关键词语可能与原文存在细微的差别，这种差别往往会影响对题意的正确理解。

比如，“大概”“可能”“也许”等模糊性词语的使用，改变了原文的确定性。

122 断章取义只选取文中的某一段落或句子进行命题，而忽略了其前后的相关内容，从而使考生无法全面把握作者的意图。

123 曲解文意对原文的意思进行错误的解读，故意歪曲作者的观点或态度，使考生在答题时陷入误区。

124 混淆时态把原文中的过去时、现在时、将来时等时态混淆，造成对事件发生时间和状态的错误判断。

125 主次不分在选项中强调次要内容，而忽略了文章的重点和关键信息，导致考生答题方向出现偏差。

13 应对陷阱的策略131 仔细审题认真阅读题目，理解题目要求，明确题目所考查的知识点和能力点，圈画出关键词语，避免因粗心大意而掉入陷阱。

132 回归原文遇到拿不准的选项，一定要回到原文中去寻找依据，对照原文进行逐一分析和判断，确保选项与原文的一致性。

133 综合分析不要孤立地看待某个选项，要将其放在整个文章的语境中，结合上下文进行综合考虑，从整体上把握文章的主旨和逻辑关系。

人教版四年级语文下册课外阅读复习题-(111)疲惫（）舍弃（）4.文章围绕生存写了件事，请简单概括下来。

（2分）5.用“﹏﹏”画出文章中的排比句，并仿写一句。

（3分）6. 读了这篇文章，我产生了许多感想。

我能联系生活实际写出来。

（3分）六、星光灿烂的一个夏夜，我和伙伴又在河沿上数星星玩。

那阵子，由于天早，晒了一天的麦叶都有点耷拉着脑袋了。

我多么盼望咱家的庄稼长得壮啊！我就请伙伴在河堤上扒了一个口子，把河水引进了我家的麦田。

可是，就在我撅屁股垒引水道时，背后传来急促的脚步声，还没等我回头看是咋回事，屁股已重重挨了一巴掌，我有点委屈地说：“妈妈，我是给咱家的麦田灌水哩！”“快把口子给我堵上！”母亲愠（yùn）怒地说，“咱家的地在上面，河里的水不足，得先让下面的人家浇！”我只好一声不响地把口子堵上。

母亲这才放心地走了。

过了一会儿，母亲提来一壶水，赏给我们每人一碗甜水。

在我们喝水的时候，母亲语重心长地说：“遇事不能先想着自己，你们这群孩子常常仰着脖子数星星，就不看看人家星星，你照着我，我照着他，大家都亮晶晶的，多么美丽啊！人啊，也该这样！”望着我们这些喝水的孩子，母亲又说：“别呛着，呶，那水里可藏着星星哩。

”我们好奇地瞧着碗里的水，果然，每人碗里的水面上都闪烁着星星。

母亲是一位农村妇女，然而就是她在星星的身上发现了哲理，并用来照亮了我幼小的心灵。

1. 给下列带点的字选择正确的读音“”表示。

（2分）河提（dī tí）数星星（shǔ shù）一瞅（qiūchǒu）扒口子（bā pā）2. “我多么盼望咱家的庄稼长得壮啊！”本日中的“盼”字用音序查字法应查，“望”字用部首查字法应查，与“盼望”一词意相近的词是。

（2分）3、从文中找出下列词语的近语词：（2分）经常（）闪耀（）4. 这篇短文主要写了什么？你从中想到什么？（4分）5 划线句子中母亲发现了什么哲理？（3分）6. 给短文起个恰当的题目：《》。

菜农崔杰①我静静地看着他，他静静地看着书。

②喧闹的菜市场中，充斥于耳的是菜贩的叫卖、家禽的叫唤；挤挤蹭蹭的是来来往往运送菜蔬的商贩、挎着菜篮且走且看的主妇……而他，一名年轻的菜农，却在一片喧闹中、一堆蔬菜前埋着头安静地看着摊开于膝头的一本厚厚的书。

只有在有人跟他买菜时，他才会走出书外，招呼来人。

③看他一张黝黑的面庞，一副健硕的臂膀，一双粗糙的大手——完全就是一副典型的农民模样。

若是硬要找出他的与众不同之处，便是他那身整洁的衣裳——为他增添了几分读书人的精致。

他专注地盯着膝上的书，有如圣徒阅读《圣经》，双唇翕动，似在默诵。

我俯身看了看书名：嗬，一本《陶渊明集》！一位菜农，你不看致富指南，不看通俗小说，竟然看起了古诗文？是精神出了问题，还是在虚伪扮酷？④一连几天，我的脑海里都徘徊着他在菜摊前埋头读书的神态，而每次想到这一画面，都会被我不无讥讽地贴上“虚伪”的标签。

⑤直到我们又一次相遇——⑥那天，我散步经过一个公园的广场。

广场上一片喧闹，那是广场舞的常客在挥霍着他们剩余的精力。

这时，我在广场边看到了一个与画面很不协调的身影：他一手拎着一只水桶，一手提着一只拖把，正走向广场一角的一小块空地——巧了，原来就是那个“虚伪的人！他又要干什么？⑦我好奇地观察着：他放下沉重的水桶，沾湿了拖把，水淋淋地拎出，地上留下了一摊水溃。

只见他单手握住拖把柄，在地面上挥动起来。

他臂膀上的肌肉块块绽出，拖把在地面嗖嗖游走，干热的地面上留下了一行龙飞风舞的水痕。

我走上前去，地面上“结庐在人境，而无车马喧。

问君何能尔？心远地自偏”这几行大字还未风干——我这才明白，原来他在练字！地面上的字，个个遒劲有力，恢宏大气。

在这样的地方欣赏到这样的“墨宝”，我真的不敢相信自己的双眼！⑧回到家，我依然心境难平。

我愧疚地收起了那枚“虚伪”的标签，找出一份我珍藏已久的西安碑林的拓本，准备明天送给他——就算是表达我的歉意。

⑨第二天我去了菜市场。

菜市场一如往日一样地喧闹，他也如往日一样在看书，自顾自地默诵着。

阅读理解题中的上下文联系如何理解一、关键信息1、上下文联系的定义2、上下文联系的类型词汇上下文联系句子上下文联系段落上下文联系3、上下文联系在阅读理解中的作用辅助理解词汇含义推断作者意图把握文章主旨4、提高理解上下文联系能力的方法多读多练学习语法知识培养逻辑思维5、上下文联系理解错误的常见原因忽略关键信息缺乏背景知识主观臆断二、协议正文11 上下文联系的定义上下文联系指的是在阅读过程中，文本中某个词、句、段与前后相关的内容之间存在的相互关联和影响。

这种联系有助于读者更准确、全面地理解文本的含义。

111 词汇上下文联系词汇的含义往往不是孤立存在的，而是受到其周围词汇的限制和影响。

通过分析词汇所在的句子以及前后的语境，可以更准确地理解其具体含义。

例如，“骄傲”一词在“他为自己的成就感到骄傲”中表示自豪；而在“他太骄傲了，听不进别人的意见”中则表示自负。

112 句子上下文联系句子之间的逻辑关系对于理解整篇文章至关重要。

有时，一个句子的含义需要依靠前后句子的支持和解释。

比如，前一句提到“天气突然变冷”，后一句“大家纷纷穿上了厚衣服”，通过这种联系可以更清晰地感受到天气变化对人们的影响。

113 段落上下文联系段落之间也存在着紧密的联系。

有的段落是对上一段的延续和拓展，有的则是转折或对比。

了解段落之间的关系，有助于把握文章的结构和思路。

12 上下文联系在阅读理解中的作用121 辅助理解词汇含义当遇到不熟悉的词汇时，上下文可以提供线索，帮助读者猜测其大致意思。

例如，“他的行为有些诡谲，让人捉摸不透”，通过“让人捉摸不透”这个表述，可以推测“诡谲”有神秘、奇怪的意思。

122 推断作者意图作者的观点和态度往往隐藏在字里行间，通过上下文的细节和整体氛围，可以推断出作者的真正意图。

比如，文章中多次提到某个问题的严重性，并提出了一些解决建议，这可能表明作者希望引起重视并推动问题的解决。

123 把握文章主旨上下文的连贯性和一致性有助于读者抓住文章的核心思想。

奶奶的星星①世界给我的第一个记忆是：我躺在奶奶怀里，拼命地哭，打着挺儿，也不知道是为了什么，哭得好伤心。

窗外的山墙上剥落了一块灰皮，形状象个难看的老头儿。

奶奶搂着我，拍着我，“噢——，噢——”地哼着。

我倒更觉得委屈起来。

“你听！”奶奶忽然说：“你快听，听见了么⋯⋯？” 我愣愣地听，不哭了，听见了一种美妙的声音，飘飘的、缓缓的⋯⋯。

是鸽哨儿？是秋风？是落叶划过屋檐？或者，只是奶奶在轻轻地哼唱？直到现在我还是说不清。

“噢噢——，睡觉吧，麻猴来了我打它⋯⋯”那是奶奶的催眠曲。

屋顶上有一片晃动的光影，是水盆里的水反射的阳光。

光影也那么飘飘的、缓缓的，变幻成和平的梦境，我在奶奶怀里安稳地睡熟⋯⋯②我是奶奶带大的。

不知有多少人当着我的面对奶奶说过：“奶奶带起来的，长大了也忘不了奶奶。

” 那时候我懂些事了，趴在奶奶膝头，用小眼睛瞪那些说话的人，心想：瞧你那讨厌样儿吧！翻译成孩子还不能掌握的语言就是：这话用你说么？③奶奶愈紧地把我搂在怀里，笑笑：“等不到那会儿哟！”仿佛已经满足了的样子。

④“等不到哪会儿呀？”我问。

⑤“等不到你孝敬奶奶一把铁蚕豆。

” ⑥我笑个没完。

我知道她不是真那么想。

不过我总想不好，等我挣了钱给她买什么。

爸爸、大伯、叔叔给她买什么，她都是说：“用不着花那么多钱买这个。

”奶奶最喜欢的是我给她踩腰、踩背。

一到晚上，她常常腰疼、背疼，就叫我站到她身上去，来来回回地踩。

她趴在床上“哎哟哎哟”的，还一个劲夸我：“小脚丫踩上去，软软乎乎的，真好受。

”我可是最不耐烦干这个，她的腰和背可真是够漫长的。

“行了吧？”我问。

“再踩两趟。

”我大跨步地打了个来回：“行了吧？”“唉，行了。

”我赶快下地，穿鞋，逃跑⋯⋯于是我说：“长大了我给您踩腰。

”“哟，那还不把我踩死？”过了一会我又问：“您干嘛等不到那会儿呀？”⑦“老了，还不死？”⑧“死了就怎么了？”⑨“那你就再也找不着奶奶了。

”⑩我不嚷了，也不问了，老老实实依偎在奶奶怀里。

小学六年级语文阅读理解问答题在小学六年级的语文学习中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分。

通过阅读文章，学生不仅能够提高自己的语言理解能力，还能增强对文本内容的分析和思考能力。

以下是一些典型的阅读理解问答题，旨在帮助学生更好地理解和分析文本。

1. 文章的主要内容是什么？这个问题要求学生概括文章的中心思想或主要事件。

学生应该能够从文章中提炼出关键信息，并用自己的话简洁地表达出来。

2. 作者通过这篇文章想要传达什么样的信息或情感？这个问题要求学生理解作者的写作目的和情感倾向。

学生需要分析文章的语言、修辞手法以及作者的表达方式，从而推断出作者想要传达的信息或情感。

3. 文章中有哪些重要的细节描写？这个问题要求学生关注文章中的细节，这些细节可能是对人物、环境或事件的具体描述。

学生应该能够指出这些细节，并解释它们对理解整个故事或主题的重要性。

4. 文章的结构是怎样的？这个问题要求学生分析文章的组织结构，包括段落的划分、主题句的使用、以及文章的开头和结尾等。

学生应该能够描述文章的结构，并解释这种结构如何帮助读者更好地理解内容。

5. 文章中使用了哪些修辞手法？这个问题要求学生识别并分析文章中的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、排比等。

学生应该能够指出这些修辞手法，并讨论它们如何增强文章的表现力和说服力。

6. 文章中的人物有哪些特点？这个问题要求学生分析文章中的人物形象，包括他们的性格、行为、动机等。

学生应该能够描述人物的特点，并讨论这些特点如何推动故事情节的发展。

7. 文章的主题是什么？这个问题要求学生识别文章的中心主题或论点。

学生应该能够从文章的整体内容中提炼出主题，并解释这个主题如何贯穿全文。

8. 文章的结尾有什么特别之处？这个问题要求学生关注文章的结尾部分，分析作者如何通过结尾来强化主题或情感。

学生应该能够指出结尾的特点，并讨论它对整篇文章的影响。

9. 你认为这篇文章对现代社会有什么启示或意义？这个问题要求学生将文章内容与现实生活联系起来，思考文章对现代社会的启示或意义。

阅读理解中的论证方法如何分析关键信息项：1、论证方法的定义及分类2、常见论证方法的特点及作用3、分析论证方法的步骤4、实例分析的重要性5、练习与巩固的方法11 论证方法的定义及分类111 论证方法是指作者在论述某个观点或论点时所采用的逻辑方式和技巧。

112 常见的论证方法包括举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证等。

12 常见论证方法的特点及作用121 举例论证通过列举具体的事例来证明论点，使论点更具说服力和可信度。

122 道理论证运用经典著作中的精辟见解、古今中外名人的名言警句以及人们公认的定理公式等来证明论点，增强文章的权威性和理论性。

123 对比论证把两种事物加以对照、比较后，推导出它们之间的差异点，从而突出论点。

124 比喻论证用人们熟知的事物作比喻来证明论点，使抽象的道理形象化、浅显化。

13 分析论证方法的步骤131 首先，需要准确识别文章中所使用的论证方法。

132 其次，理解作者运用该论证方法的意图和目的。

133 接着，分析该论证方法对论点的支撑和强化作用。

134 最后，总结论证方法的效果和对读者理解的影响。

14 实例分析的重要性141 通过实际的文章段落进行分析，能够更直观地理解和掌握各种论证方法的运用。

142 实例分析有助于培养对论证方法的敏感度和判断力。

143 从不同类型的文章中选取实例，能够拓宽对论证方法的认识和应用范围。

15 练习与巩固的方法151 多做阅读理解练习题，专门针对论证方法进行分析和总结。

152 自己写作时尝试运用不同的论证方法，加深对其的理解和运用能力。

153 与他人交流讨论对论证方法的分析，相互学习和启发。

21 举例论证的深入分析211 所举事例应具有典型性和代表性，能够有力地支持论点。

212 事例的叙述要简洁明了，重点突出与论点相关的部分。

213 多个事例的列举要有条理，避免杂乱无章。

22 道理论证的注意事项221 引用的理论应准确无误，具有权威性。

222 对引用的理论要进行恰当的解释和阐述，使其与论点紧密结合。

阅读理解50篇2011寒假初级阅读理解50篇初⼀四班徐英伦1.You may put your money in a piggy bank in your home to keep safe. Or you may want to put your money in a bank. The bank not only keeps your money safe but it also lends it.The bank will give people money for special reasons. This is called a loan. If a family wishes to buy a new car, but they do not have enough money, they will ask the bank for a loan. The bank will give the family enough money to buy a car. Later they pay it back to the bank.The bank might also lend money to someone to buy a new house. They may loan money to a company to build a big new ship or even loan money to build a new hospital. So your money might be sent to work all over the world. But it will always be there when you want it back.11. Banks keep your money ________.A.in a boxB.safeC.in a houseD.in a piggy bank12. When banks give money for special reasons, it is called a _______.A.checkB.creditC.loanD.budget13. Why does a family ask the bank for money for a car?A.They want to take a trip.B.Their neighbors have a new car.C.They do not have enough money to buy one.D.They want to save more money.14. On the whole, the story is mainly about _______.A.shipbuildingB.vacationC.building a hospitalD.banking15. If you do not have enough money to buy things you need, you might ________.A.be sent to work all over the worldB.loan some money to the bankC.sell your old car for moneyD.borrow the money from the bankE.2.Sally has been quite unhappy recently. She didn’t do well on any of her tests at school. In addition, she was late for school three times last week. Her teacher was very angry with her. She didn’t feel any better at home. Her mother was angry with her, too. She wanted her to study hard and spend more time on her homework, not on computer games. Sally knew her mother was right. She should not spend so much time on the Internet or stay up late playing computer games. She knew she should listen to her mother and be a goodstudent as she was before. But it seemed very hard for Sally to change. For example, yesterday before she got home, she told herself she should do her homework first. But after she got home and saw the desktop in her room, she changed her mind and decided to play computer games for thirty minutes. But after many “thirty minutes” passed, she was still on theInternet. She didn’t eat dinner and of course she didn’t do any of her homework. Her mother got so angry that she shouted at her. Finally, they had a fight.11. Which of the following is NOT the reason whySally was unhappy recently?sA. Her teacher was angry with her.B. Her mother was angry with her.C. She decided to change her mind.D. She didn’t do well on her tests.12. Which is true?A. A Sally has already become a good student.B. Sally went to bed late because she had a fightwith her mother.C. Sally was satisfied with herself after shedecided to change.D. Sally was a good student before she spent somuch time playing computer games.13. What is “the desktop” in Sally ’s room?A. Her notebook.B. Her video game.C. Her computer.D. Her desk light.14. Why was Sally late for school so often?A. Her mother shouted at her and they had a fight.B. She played computer games the night beforeand didn’t go to bed till very late.C. She spent too much time in chat rooms and shehad a lot of homework to do before going to bed.D. She was busy studying because she wanted to dowell on the tests and be a good student again.15. Which is true?A. Once Sally makes up her mind, she neverchanges it.B. Sally ’s mother was so angry with her that shenever cared about her anymore.C. Yesterday Sally spent thirty minutes on theInternet and then she had a fight with her mother.D. Sally played computer games for hoursbefore she had a fight with her motheryesterday.3.Many people like Sherlock Holmes, one of the most famous detectives in the world. He is especially popular with young people. He is so smart that he can solve almost any kind of mystery, even with few clues. However, maybe you will feel shocked to know that he is not a real man. He is only a character in the novels created years ago by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a well-known British writer and doctor. What’s more interesting, many readers at that time sent a lot of mail to the house where Holmes was supposed to live. Once, Doyle felt tired of writing detective novels and wanted to end Holmes’s life. Many readers got angry and asked the writer to make the hero alive again. Conan had no choice but to bring Holmes back from the dead.11. Who is Doyle?A. He is the creator of the detective Holmes.B. He himself is a detective.C. He is Holmes’s doctor.D. He is a role in the novel.12. Which one is not true?A. Holmes is very popular with young men.B. Holmes is not a real man in our lives.C. Holmes got a lot of mail from readers everyday.D. Many readers thought Holmes was a real man.13. What’s so special about Holmes?A. He is so smart.B. He is so unreal.C. He is so handsome.D. He is so friendly.14. What made readers angry?A. The death of Holmes.B. The price of the book.C. The laziness of the writer.D. The wrong address.15. Can you understand who the hero is?A. A reader.B. HolmesC. ConanD. A fan.4.When you want to play Crazy 8s, first you should get 52 cards for the game. Second, if there are three persons, the dealer will deal five cards to each player, but 7 cards if only two people are playing. Third, the rest of the unused cards are put face down on the table, with the top card turned over beside them. If the top card is a 5 of spades, you can either play a 5 or a spade. Fourth, an eight may be played on any card, and the player of the eight must tell the others what suit to follow next. The first player who gets rid of all his cards wins.11. If there are only two players, how many cards does each player of Crazy 8s get at first?A.Seven.B.Six.C.Four.D. Five.12. How does the dealer put the rest of the unused cards?A.With their faces down.B.With their faces up.C.Under the table.D. Over the desk.13. What is turned over and put beside the rest of the unused card?A.The bottom card.B.The next card.C.The top card.D. The last card.14. What can you play if the top card is a 3 of diamonds?A. A spade.B. A 3 of clubs.C. A heart.D. A 5 of clubs.15. If a person gets an eight, what can he do?A.He can play it on any card.B.He can win the game.C. He can follow the others.He can get 52 cards.5.Jill: You know, Lisa. I love your hair. It’s so thick anddark and curly. Are those curls natural?Lisa:Yes, Jill, this is all natural. But when I was a kid, I hated curly hair. I always wanted to have straight hair like yours. Jill: Really? You must be crazy. Your curly hair is great. I wish I had thick, curly hair, but mine is so thin.I never know what to do with my hair. Should I have it cut short, or should I wear it long ?Lisa:I think short hair will make you look younger. You could also put some red, blue and blond in it. Jill: Lisa, I really should dye my hair. Do you know Ihave a few grey hairs already? I’m only twenty-five.11. What color is Lisa’s hair?A.It’s red.B.It’s dark.C.It’s grey.D.It’s blond.12. Which is true about Jill’s hair?A.It’s blue and red.B.It’s dark.C.It’s short and curly.D.It’s very thin and straight.13. What does Lisa think is a good style for Jill’s hair?A.Curly hair.B.Long hair.C.Short hair.D.Thick hair.14. What does the word “dye” mean?A.To cut the hair short.B.To put colors in the hair.C.To make a person look young.D.To make the hair natural.15. Why does Jill want to dye her hair?A.She doesn’t like her straight hair.B.She wants to look trendy.C.She wants to look younger.D.She is crazy.6.Sarah is very happy because she got an invitation today. She will go to a party the day after tomorrow. This will be her first party. She just can’t wait. The following is the invitation:11. What day is today in line two?A.Wednesday.B.ThursdayC.Friday.D.Saturday12. Why is Sarah happy today?A.She won first place at the party.B.She got an invitation to a party.C.She doesn’t have to go to school on Saturday.D.She had a very good time at the party today.13. Where will the party be held?A.At Sarah’s home.B.At Rick and May’s home.C.At Rick’s home.D.At school.14. Who is giving the party?A.Sarah.B.Sarah and Rick.C.Rick and May.D.Sarah, Rick and May.15. Why do they want to have a party?A.To celebrate the Chinese New Year.B.To celebrate Sarah’s birthday.C.To enjoy family togetherness and good luck.D.To have fun.7.The Pacific Computer Company has strict rules for workers. For example, workers should go to work on time. That’s because the boss thinks they will be irresponsible if they are often late, and the boss won’t trust this ki nd of person. Besides being on time, all of the workers should keep their desks clean, or they will be paid less.What’s more, the boss asks them to have a meeting once a week. During the meeting, the workers learn how to encourage others. The boss hopes this kind of skill can help them work happily together.11. Can you guess what things does this company make?A. Dolls.B. Computer.C. Shoes.D. Clothes .12. The boss said he ca n’t trust Bill. Maybe that is because ____.A. Bill does n’t encourage others.B. Bill’s desk i s dirty.C. Bill is often late to work.D. Bill is not as polite as others.13. Which rule is not mentioned in this article?A. To keep the desks clean.B. To go to work on time.C. To learn to encourage each other.D. To go to bed early.14. Suppose you always make your desk messy, thenyou will ____.A. get firedB. get lower payC. get tired easilyD. get sick15. Why should the workers learn to encourage others?A. Because the boss hopes they can work welltogether.B. Be cause the workers don’t have confidence.C. Because the boss needs to get moreencouragement.D.Because the workers can get higher pay.8.Betty works at a hotel. If the guests have any questions, they can call her for information at the front desk. Many tourists come here for vacation especially in winter. They used to go skiing, but now they find going snowboarding is much more exciting because of the sense of freedom. On weekends, Betty would enjoy winter sports with her boyfriend, David. They enjoy surfing on the snow. After being outside, they would have lunch together. Betty likes grilled salmon while David prefers steak. Betty thinks having fish is good for her health while David believes steak helps to make him stronger.Can you guess what they have in common? Both of them like to have vegetable soup.11. Where is Betty at the hotel?A.In the back yard.B.At the front desk.C.In the kitchen.D.At the workshop.12. When do many people come to the hotel?A.In winter.B.In summer.C.In spring.D.In fall.13. What do visitors enjoy doing in winter now?A.Skating.B.Skiing.C.Snowboarding.D.Surfing.14. What does Betty always have for lunch?A.Fried chicken.B.Pork.C.Steak.D.Grilled salmon.15. What do they both prefer?A.Vegetable soup.B.Salad.C.Ice cream sundaes.D.Chicken soup.9.Buying things online is becoming a very popular way for people to do their shopping. It’s veryconvenient for them because all they have to do is just turn on their personal computer and surf the Interneton it, searching for their favorite goods.There are many items on the Internet they can choose from, like travel tickets, music CDs, books, household goods, entertainment tickets, toys, etc.The most common advantages of shopping online are its convenience, low prices, wide choice of products, time to make decisions, and its quick delivery.Many people are worried about sending their credit card details over the Iinternet while they shop online. However In fact, there is very little of card theft from well-known sites on the Nnet. But tThere is a real danger of buying more than you need, because all you need to do is click a mouse button.11. Why is shopping online very convenient?A.It offers low costs.B.You don’t need to walk from store to store.C.It has no credit card theft.D.You buy more than you need.12. Which is NOT the advantage of shopping online?A.Low prices.B.Convenience.C.Many choices.D.slowLow speed of delivery.13. How do can you pay for the things you buy on theInternet ?A.A travel ticket.B.Real money.C.A credit card.D.A check.A.14. What do people worry about in their online shopping?A.They might not get what they bought. buy too many things.B.It is not safe to giveshow their credit card details.C.They might get things at higher prices.D.They have few choices.15. According to the reading, what may be the most dangerous thing for an online shopper?A.They only can click the mouse button.B.They can’t get their goods soon.C.They might would buy more than theyis needed.D. They have no time to make decisions.10.Below is a Taipei Train Station schedule. Please look at the table and answer the following questions.11. How long does it take to go from Taipei to Tainan?A.Five hours fifty-five minutes.B.Four hours fifty-five minutes.C.Five hours five minutes.D.Four hours forty-five minutes.12. How much is a ticket from Taipei to Taichung?A.289NTB.571NTC.651NTD.850NT13. Tom lives in Tainan. He wants to visits his friend inKaohsiung. How long does this train ride take?A.One hour forty minutes.B.One and a half hours.C.Forty minutes.D.Twenty minutes.14. How much money will Tom spend on the ticket to Kaohsiung?A.About 80 dollars.B.More than 150 NT.C.More than 200 NT.D.Less than 50 NT.15. If you want to go from Taichung to Tainan, how much time will the train ride take you?A.About 219 minutes.B.About 191 minutes.C.About 141 minutes.D.About 241 minutes.11.Robert Frost is a famous American poet. Most of his poems are about nature, such as birds, forests, seasons. Robert was not popular until he was about 40, though he started to write when he was very young. His poems are full of wisdom and a little sadness. Why? His father died at an early age. OnlyRobert’s mother, a school teacher, took care of him. He worked very hard to make a living, even by being a shoemaker. After he got married, he moved to England. What’s worse, his so n and his mother died soon after he began to be successful. How sad, isn’t it? After that, he dedicated himself to writing all his life and became one of the greatest poets. Next time you feel sad, please think of Robert Frost and let his poems encourage you to face your life.11.When did Robert Frost become famous?A. In middle age.B. At an early age.C. In old age.D. At an age when his father died.12.What was his mother?A. A shoemaker.B. A teacher.C. A poet.D. A farmer.13.What are Robert Frost’s poems not about?A. Seasons.B. Forests.C. Computers.D. Birds.14.Where did he move to after he got married?A. New England.B. Los Angeles.C. England.D. California.15.Which one is wrong?A. Robert Frost once worked as a shoemaker.B. Robert Frost gave up after his son died.C. Robert Frost comforted himself by writing.D. Robert Frost liked to write about nature.12.In America, spring comes with Easter. Easter is a religious holiday. It is celebrated on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Many sStudents always have a week of spring break holidays around Easter.Hundreds of years ago, the ancient peopleSaxons celebrated the return of spring at Easter time. The dark of winter was gone, and the sunlight of spring came back. The Easter rabbit became a symbol of Easter because of the goddess, Eastre.Today, pPeople usually put colored eggs in little baskets. Children believe the Easter Bunny brings the eggs for them. because they believe that the Easter rabbitlaid the eggs there. MuchToday Easter candy is made in to look like the form of eggs, and little baby chickens and rabbits. Eggs are important because they are And it's a symbol of rebirth. With the coming of spring, people hope for a new life.11. What season comes with Easter?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Fall.D.Winter.12. When may Easter come?A.May 5.B.September 28.C.April 20.13. Because of the goddess, Eastre, what animal became the symbol of Easter? Where do children believe the colored eggs come from?A.Ancient peopleLion.B.The Easter BunnyRabbit.C.Baby chicksCow.D.Spring seasonHorse.14. Today what kind of eggs do people usually put in little baskets on Easter?A.Colored.B.Scrambled.C.Broken.D.Fried.15. What idoes the Easter egg a symbol of stand for?A.The past.B.New life.C.Dark life.D.The future.13.In 16th-century France, people celebrated the New Year on April 1. They had parties and danced until very late at night. Then in 1562, Pope Gregory said everyone must use a new calendar. New Years Day on the new calendar was January 1. Not everyone followed the new calendar, however. Some still celebrated the New Year on April 1. Others played tricks on them and called them “April Fools.”Today Americans call April 1, April Fool’s Day. T hey play jokes on people on April 1. For example, school children might tell a classmate that school has been canceled. Or a child might put salt in the sugar bowl at home. Whatever the trick, most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to hurt anyone.11. In 16th-century France the New Year fell on _____.A.January firstB.April firstC.February 14D.May first12. How did people celebrate the New Year then?A.They played jokes on friends or strangers.B.They ate salt instead of sugar.C.They told jokes to their friends.D.They had parties and danced.13. Who were the first “April Fools”?A.People who didn’t like Pope Gregory.B.People who danced all night.1 after the calendar changed.D. People who had parties to celebrate the new calendar on January 1.14. In America, one April Fool’s joke might be____.A. Telling someone there is no school.B. Telling funny jokes about school children.C. Telling someone to eat salt instead of sugar.D. Telling people they are April Fools.15. Most jokes played on April 1 are _____.A.to harm peopleB.to celebrate the new yearC.in good funD.to introduce a new calendar14.Look at the chart and answer the questions.11. Who is the busiest?A.David.B.MikeC.JuliaD.Spot12. Which is true?A.David had a lot of free time.B.Mike studies hard every day.C.Julia does a lot of things on Tuesday.D.Spot will go somewhere on Friday.13. Which is true about David and Mike?A.They both like sports very much.B.They both enjoy studying.D.They are both teachers.14. What might Julia be?A. A student.B. A teacher.C. A movie star.D. A housewife.15. What might Spot be?A. A lazy worker.B. A young girl.C. A dog.D. A fish.15.Choosing a good birthday gift is sometimes a big problem. Most girls like beautiful things, such as flowers, rings or necklaces. Boys may like a car model, a computer game, or a basketball. If your mother is a teacher, maybe she likes books, DVDs of popular movies, or a good pair of shoes. And what do fathers like? Maybe they would like cell phones or PDAs. It’s easier to choose gifts for babies or little children. Food and toys can make them happy .11. Is it easy to choose a good gift?A. Not always.B. Always.C. Yes, it often is.D. No. It is very easy.12. What kind of gift may be popular with boys?A. A doll.B. A basketball.C. A skirt.D. A ring.13. Why may teachers need a good pair of shoes?A. Because they can’t afford a pair of shoes.B. Because they want to race with students.C. Because they seldom go shopping.D. Because they need to stand in class for a longtime.14. Toys are the best gift for _____.A. menB. childrenC. women15. Which statement is WRONG?A. Most girls like beautiful things.B. Most boys may like necklaces.C. Cell phones may be popular with men.D. It’s easier to choose gifts for kids.16.When you move to a new country, you may have culture shock. It's the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new place. You usually have such feelings after the first few weeks of going to a new place. The way that you lived before is not accepted. Everything is different. For example, not speaking the language or not knowing how to use the telephone. Then, how can you deal with culture shock? First, get a hobby. Second, be easy on yourself. Third, get in touch with your friends. Last, find ways to live with the things that are different. Everything will become OK this way.11. Where might you have culture shock?A. In an old place.B. In a new place.C. In your country.D. In your home.12. When might you have culture shock?A. Many years later.B. The first few weeks.C. After getting back home.D. After having good friends.13. What is not the sign of culture shock?A. Wanting to have more friends.B. Not knowing how to use the phone.C. Not speaking the language.D. Everything is different.14. How can you make culture shock easier?A. Get a hobby.B. Be hard on yourself.C. Forgetting all your friends.D. Staying away from others.15. What will help you feel OK about living in a new place??A. Fighting with people around you.B. Living with things that are different..C. Being alone all the time.D. Being hard on yourself.Read the “food pyramid” and answer the questions.Have you ever learned about the “food pyramid”? All the foods we eat are in six groups: 1) grains; 2) fruits 3) vegetables; 4) meat, fish and eggs; 5) dairy products, like milk and cheese; 6) sweets and greasy foods.Look at the picture above. It’s called the “food pyramid”. Most of our diet should come from the first two levels. They give us the fiber we need. The third level gives us calcium and protein.We shouldn’t eat a lot from the group on the top of the food pyramid. We call it “junk food.” Many desserts and snack foods, like cake and potato chips, belong to it. These foods have lots of sugar, salt or both.Remember, what we eat is very important, and regular exercise is also more important to our good health.11. The foods in the first two levels are ________.A. dairy productsB. grains and fruitsC. meatD. junk food12. _____ have lots of fiber.A. meat and fishB. eggsC. milk and eggs13.The word “both” in the third paragraph refers to________.A. meat and fishB. fruit and grainsC. sugar and saltD. dessert and snack14. What food(s) belong to the group on the top of the food pyramid? ________.A. chicken and porkB. potato chipsC. fruitsD. dairy products15. According to the article, what should we do to have a healthy body?A. We should eat good food.B. We should climb the pyramid.C. We should eat right and exercise.D. We should eat more junk food.18.Read the family tree below and answer the questions.11. Mary is Sally’s _____. (5/11)A.motherB.grandmotherC.great-grandmotherD.great-great-grandmother12. Sam is Paul’s ______. (5/11)A.cousinC.nephewD.niece13. Sally is Sam’s _____.A.nephewB.nieceC.cousinD.aunt14. Peter is Jack’s ______. (5/9)A.father-in-lawB.uncleC.grandfatherD.aunt15. Paul and Diana are Luke’s _____. (5/11)A.cousinsB.brothersC.sistersD.siblings19.Ann and Lily are teachers, They will spend about 100 days in eastern Canada. They plan to hike, ski, and also they hope to sail and swim in the Atlantic Ocean. They will finish their trip in New York. They want to show their students their story on the Internet. They hope their students can follow their steps to go on any kind of trips. The teachers even made many lessons and activities for all ages to follow. They also plan to take a lot of photos and send them back to their students.11. Where do Ann and Lily plan to begin their trip?A. In eastern CanadaB. In northern Mexico.C. In the Arctic Ocean.D. In the Pacific Ocean12. How long will their trip be?A. About 20 days.B. About 50 days.C. About 80 days.D. About 100 days.13. What is the weather in the Arctic like? A. Warm. B. Hot C. Cool D. Cold.14. What will they probably do in Canada? A. Walking and exercising.B. Hiking, swimming, sailing and skiing.C. sleep, eat, shop and teach15. How can their students follow their story? A. By joining them. B. By following them.C. By watching their website.D. By waiting for them in Canada. 20.Read the paragraph and answer the questions.11. What is Mr. Bush looking for? A. A housekeeper. B. A store keeper. C. A math teacher. D. A physics teacher.12. How old must the teacher be ? A. 35 B. 40 C. 20 D. 2813. The teacher must be a graduate. A. junior college B. university C. high school D. primary school14. Who needs the teacher? A. A twelfth grader. B. A college student. C. A shopkeeper. D. A baby sitter.15. If interested, you can . A. go to Mr. Bush's office B.call 0531500888C. visit Mr. BushD. call Mr. Brown 21. Read the information and answer the questions.A. MusicB. NewsC. MoviesD. Sports12. Linda wants to cook something special for her friends. Which channel will she watch? A. Channel 23 B. Channel 27 C. Channel 2 D. Channel 4513. If you want to see a movie about exciting adventure, what time will you watch TV? A. 5:30 p.m.B. 6:30 p.m.C. 8:00 p.m.D. 7:30 p.m.14. Joanne enjoys the songs by her favorite singer, A-Mei. Which program is her choice? A. World News & Weather B. Music TVC. Cooking TimeD. Shopping Time15. Daniel is interested in basketball, so he will sit on the sofa and watch TV at _______. A. 5:00 p.m. B. 7:00 p.m. C. 6:30 p.m. D. 8:00 p.m. 22.11. What time does Jill have lunch?A.At 12:40.B.At 11:20.C.At 12:30.D.At 11:40.12. Jill doesn’t eat vegetables for _______A. breakfast.B. lunch.C. dinner.D. lunch and dinner.13. Which one does Jill eat twice a day?/doc/49d7833343323968011c9226.html kB.Fruit.C.Fish.D.Bread.14. After lunch, how long does Jill have to wait to have dinner?A.Less than six hours.B.More than six hours.C.About five hours.D.Three to four hours.15. Which of the following does Jill eat three times a day?A.Soup.B.Vegetables.C.Fish.D.Fruit.23.Read the information and answer the questions.11. When is the cheapest time to use the Internet Café/?B. 9:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.C. 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m.D. 5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.12. If Coco stays in the Internet Cafe from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m., how much should she pay?A. NT$ 35B. NT$ 50C. NT$ 65D. NT$ 8013. Which food or drink is NOT served in this café?A. PizzaB. HamburgerC. Instant noodlesD. Coffee14. Which meal will be the most expensive?A. A sandwich and a coffeeB. A hamburger and a juiceC. A bowl of instant noodles and black teaD. A sandwich and a black tea15. If Jolene uses the Internet Café from 11:00a.m till 2:00 p.m. and orders a sandwich, how much should she pay?A. NT$ 100B. NT$ 150C. NT$ 80D. NT$ 12024.Read the information and answer the questions.11. What is the name of the restaurant?A. FishB. Chicken。

中考课外文言文阅读训练150篇111-115（附答案与译文）111蹇材望蹇材望，蜀人，为湖州倅①。

北兵②之将至也，蹇毅然自誓必死。

乃作大锡牌，镌其上曰“大宋忠臣蹇材望”。

且以银二笏③凿窍，并书其上曰：“有人获吾尸者，望为埋葬，仍见祀，题云‘大宋忠臣蹇材望’。

此银所以为埋瘗④之费也。

’”日系牌与银腰间，只伺北军临城，则自投水中，且启遍祝⑤乡人及常所往来者。

人皆怜之。

丙子正月旦日，北军人城蹇已莫知所之人皆谓之溺死既而北装乘骑而归则知先一日出城迎拜矣遂得本州同知⑥（《癸辛杂识》）【注释】①湖州倅：湖州的副知州。

湖州，今浙江境内。

倅（cuì）,副。

②北兵：指元军。

③笏：片。

④瘗（yì）：坟墓。

⑤祝：告。

⑥同知：知府。

【阅读训练】一、解释下列各句中加着重号的词语。

A蹇材望，蜀人，为．湖州倅（） B镌．其上曰（）C并书．其上曰（） D题．云“大宋忠臣蹇材望”（）E仍见．祀（） F人皆怜．之（）二、下列各组句中加着重号词语的意义和用法不同的一项是（）A①北兵之．将至也②禽兽之．变诈几何哉B①且以．银二笏凿窍②不以．物喜，不以．己悲C①望为．埋葬②此人一一为．俱言所闻，皆叹惋D①且启遍祝乡人及常所往来者．②吴儿善泅者．数百三、下列各句中加着重号地的“所以”，其意义和用法与例句不同的一项是（）例句：此银所以．．为埋瘗之费也A此殆天所以．．兴隆也．．资将军，将军岂有意乎 B亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以C所以．．报先帝而忠陛下之职分也．．动心忍性，增益其所不能 D此臣所以四、给文中划线的句子加上标点符号，并把它翻译成现代汉语。

①北军人城蹇已莫知所之人皆谓之溺死既而北装乘骑而归则知先一日出城迎拜矣遂得本州同知②译文：五、根据本文所述事件，你认为蹇材望是一个怎样的人？答：【参考答案】一、A担任。

B刻。

C书写。

D题写。

E在本句中，指代“我”。

（“见”字放在动词前，有代替宾语的作用，表示对自己怎么样。

）F爱，爱戴。

阅读理解题中的文章结构如何把握关键信息项：1、阅读理解题的类型2、文章结构的要素3、把握文章结构的方法4、不同文体文章结构的特点5、练习与实践的方式6、评估与反馈机制11 阅读理解题的类型111 记叙文包括人物传记、故事等，通常按照时间顺序、事件发展顺序展开。

112 说明文用于解释事物的特征、原理、功能等，常见的结构有总分总、总分、分总等。

113 议论文围绕论点进行论证，结构可能是提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。

12 文章结构的要素121 开头与结尾开头往往引出主题，吸引读者兴趣；结尾则总结全文，点明主旨或留下思考。

122 段落布局段落之间的逻辑关系，如并列、递进、转折等。

123 过渡句与过渡段起到连接上下文，使文章流畅自然的作用。

13 把握文章结构的方法131 快速浏览首先浏览标题、副标题、开头段落、每段的首句和尾句，以及结尾段落，获取文章的大致框架。

132 标记关键信息对文中表示转折、因果、总结等关系的词语和句子进行标记，有助于理解结构。

133 分析段落大意概括每个段落的主要内容，明确其在整篇文章中的作用。

134 绘制思维导图将文章的结构以图形的方式呈现，更加直观清晰。

14 不同文体文章结构的特点141 记叙文的结构特点以人物的经历、事件的发展为线索，情节有起有伏。

142 说明文的结构特点注重条理清晰，层次分明，运用多种说明方法来阐述事物。

143 议论文的结构特点论点明确，论据充分，论证严谨，逻辑严密。

15 练习与实践的方式151 大量阅读广泛涉猎不同类型、不同主题的文章，积累经验。

152 专项训练针对特定文体或结构的文章进行集中练习。

153 模拟测试按照考试的要求和时间限制进行模拟答题，提高解题速度和准确性。

16 评估与反馈机制161 自我评估做完阅读理解题后，对照答案分析自己在把握文章结构方面的得失。

162 请教他人向老师、同学或其他阅读能力较强的人请教，获取改进的建议。

163 总结经验将每次练习和测试中的经验教训进行总结，形成自己的解题技巧和方法。

小学阅读理解——老山羊和毛驴
有一天，一只老山羊爬山时把腿摔坏了，请毛驴把他背回家。

毛驴向他要十斤山芋做报酬，老山羊只好一瘸一拐地走了。

过了一会儿，老山羊骑在牛大哥的背上缓缓走来，毛驴于是问：牛哥，它出多少山芋请你背它？
千斤。

毛驴冷笑道：十斤山芋还不干呢？千斤！你可别做梦了！
牛大哥认真地说道：不是我别做梦了，而是你别糊涂了！十斤山芋算得了什么？友谊的分量才重千斤呀！
毛驴听了牛大哥的一席话，站在那扇了扇长长的耳朵，垂下头不好意思地走了。

1、给下面词中加点字选择正确的读音，在下面画横线。

毛驴(lǘ l) 山芋(yǜ h) 友谊（y y）
分（fēn fn）量耳朵(duō duo) 垂（chu shu）下头
2、给多音字组词。

bēi ( ) shān ( )
背扇
bi ( ) sh( )
3、找出下列各词的近义词。

缓缓――( ) 友谊――（）
4、文中的千斤这句话是谁说的，请在（）里打。

（1）、毛驴说的。

（）
（2）、牛大哥说的。

（）
（3）老山羊说的。

（）
5、下面3个题目，那个可以做这篇故事的题目。

请你选择一个，在（）里打。

（1）毛驴和老山羊（）
（2）老山羊和牛大哥（）
（3）毛驴和牛大哥（）
6、毛驴听了牛大哥和话后垂下头不好意思地走了说明了什么？
7、读了这篇寓言故事，你最喜欢谁？为什么？
8、用文中的一句话，把下面的话补充完整。

这篇寓言故事告诉我们：。

新部编人教版三年级下册语文课内外阅读理解专项练习题及答案1．阅读语段。

完成练习。

这地方的火烧云变化极多，一会儿红彤彤的，一会儿金灿灿的，一会儿半紫半黄，一会儿半灰半百合色。

葡萄灰、梨黄、茄子紫，这些颜色天空都有。

还有些说也说不出来、见也没见过的颜色。

（1）这段话主要写火烧云________变化极多，却不用一个“变”字，而是用了四个“一会儿”，这样不仅突出了火烧云的________，而且强调了________。

（2）这段话中表示颜色的词语有________、________、________、________、________、________、________。

（3）模仿以上词语写出一个表示颜色的词语：________。

（4）天空中这么多的颜色交织在一起，多美呀！你能用一个四字词语概括一下吗？【答案】（1）颜色；颜色多；变化快（2）红彤彤；金灿灿；半紫半黄；半灰半百合色；葡萄灰；梨黄；茄子紫（3）鹅黄（4）绚丽多彩【解析】【分析】（1）考查对课文内容的填空。

解答时要带着问题读语段整体感知语段内容，然后结合前后句(题目提供的信息)进行补充填空即可。

（2）寻找文句中描写颜色的词语相对简单，细读语段从文句中挑出来即可。

（3）描写颜色的词语还有很多如：鹅黄、银闪闪，白茫茫，黑黝黝，白花花，白嫩嫩，黄灿灿，黑乎乎，红通通，绿油油，从中选一个即可。

（4）此题是根据意思写出相应的词语。

这就要求学生在学习课文的过程中熟练掌握词语和意思。

故答案为：（1）颜、颜色多、变化快（2）红彤彤、金灿灿、半紫半黄、半灰半百合色、葡萄灰、梨黄、茄子紫（3）鹅黄（4）绚丽多彩【点评】（1）这道题是按课文内容填空。

概括性比较强，一定要熟悉课文，边读边思考，才能填好每一空。

（2）本题考查学生赏析文中描写颜色的词语的能力。

（3）本题考查学生对语文知识的积累。

平时一定要对一些文中的、课外阅读中的颜色词语多做一些摘抄、积累，分类整理，加强背诵，此题会迎刃而解。

2020-2021年阅读理解试题和答案1一、一年级语文下册阅读理解练习1．阅读下文，回答问题。

我画了个绿绿的太阳，挂在夏天的天空。

高山、田野、街道、校园，到处一片清凉。

（1）回忆课文填一填。

“我”给夏天画了个绿绿的太阳，给秋天画了个________的太阳，给冬天画了个________的太阳，给春天画了个________的太阳。

（2）“我”给夏天画了个绿绿的太阳，是为了________（填序号）①给大家带来清凉。

②给田野带来希望。

（3）你想画什么样的太阳送给谁？为什么？【答案】（1）金黄；红红；彩色（2）①（3）我想画个火红的太阳送给卖火柴的小女孩，让她不再受冻。

【解析】2．读短文，完成练习。

两只小鸟雨，哗哗哗地下着，树叶、树干全被淋湿了。

飞禽走兽都在寻找避雨的地方。

有两只聪明的小鸟，飞到草地上，躲进蘑菇伞下。

蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。

一只小鸟说：“我的左边淋雨了，你往右边靠一靠！”另一只小鸟说：“我的右边淋湿了，你往左边靠一靠！”你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。

挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了……两只小鸟红着脸蛋儿，你看看我，我看看你，不知说什么好！雨，仍在哗哗哗地下着……（1）这篇短文共有________个自然段。

（2）在文中找出下列词语的近义词或反义词。

①近义词：争——________②反义词：左——________（3）那把蘑菇伞为什么会断掉？请你把文中相关的句子找出来，画上“________”。

（4）如果你是其中一只小鸟，你会怎样做？【答案】（1）7（2）吵；右（3）蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。

你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。

挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了……（4）略【解析】3．读《让我们荡起双桨》的部分歌词，完成练习。

让我们荡起双桨，小船儿推开波浪，海面倒映着美丽的白塔，四周环绕着绿树红墙。

小船儿轻轻漂荡在水中，迎面吹来了凉爽的风。

红领巾迎着太阳，阳光洒在海面上，水中鱼儿望着我们，悄悄地听我们愉快歌唱。