EU- Europion Union, materials to subject

欧盟地平线欧洲专项计划生物基材料下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢！本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注！Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts, other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!引言生物基材料是一种新兴的材料类型，以可再生资源为基础制成，具有重要的环境友好性和可持续性。

eu铕国标
欧盟（European Union，简称EU）是一个由28个成员国组成的政治和经济联盟。

EU铕国标（Eurozone）则是指采用欧元作为官方货币的19个成员国的经济区域。

本文将从不同角度描述EU铕国标对成员国以及整个欧洲的意义和影响。

一、政治层面
EU铕国标的建立对于欧洲的政治一体化起到了重要推动作用。

通过共同货币的使用，成员国之间的经济联系更加紧密，政治合作也进一步加强。

在全球化的背景下，EU铕国标的存在使得欧洲在国际事务中有更大的发言权和影响力，提高了整个欧洲的地位和竞争力。

二、经济层面
EU铕国标的最大优势在于促进了成员国之间的贸易和经济合作。

共同货币的使用简化了跨国交易，降低了成本和风险。

同时，EU铕国标也提供了一个更加稳定的经济环境，有助于吸引外国投资和促进国内经济发展。

此外，EU铕国标还加强了成员国之间的经济监管和合作，有利于防范和化解金融危机。

三、社会层面
EU铕国标对于欧洲民众来说也有很大的影响。

一方面，共同货币的使用方便了人们的生活，降低了旅行和购物的成本，增加了人们的交流和互动。

另一方面，EU铕国标也带来了一些挑战，比如不同国家之间的经济差距和失业问题。

因此，欧盟需要通过政策和措施来
解决这些社会问题，确保EU铕国标的普惠性和可持续发展。

总结起来，EU铕国标在政治、经济和社会层面都有着重要的意义和影响。

它推动了欧洲的一体化和合作，促进了贸易和经济发展，同时也带来了一些挑战和问题。

作为欧洲的一员，我们应当积极参与和支持EU铕国标的发展，共同构建一个更加繁荣和稳定的欧洲。

符合欧盟标准要求英文缩写Meeting EU Standards: A Guide to Compliance.Compliance with European Union (EU) standards iscrucial for any business seeking to operate or trade within the bloc. The EU has a harmonized set of regulations and directives that aim to ensure the safety, quality, and interoperability of products and services across member states. Failing to meet these standards can result in significant financial penalties, damage to brand reputation, and even exclusion from the EU market.What Are EU Standards?EU standards are technical specifications that define the requirements for products, processes, and services.They cover a wide range of industries, including machinery, electronics, construction materials, medical devices, and more. These standards are developed by European Committeefor Standardization (CEN), European Committee forElectrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), among others.Why Comply with EU Standards?Compliance with EU standards brings several benefits to businesses:1. Market Access: Meeting EU standards is often a prerequisite for accessing the EU market. Products and services that comply with these standards are more likelyto gain acceptance and approval from EU regulators.2. Consumer Trust: Consumers in the EU expect productsto meet certain safety and quality standards. Compliancewith EU standards helps build trust and confidence among consumers, leading to increased sales and brand reputation.3. Level Playing Field: EU standards create a level playing field for businesses operating within the bloc. By adhering to these standards, companies can compete on afair and equal basis with other market participants.4. Facilitated Trade: Compliance with EU standards can facilitate trade within the bloc, as products and services that meet these standards are more likely to pass border checks and customs clearance procedures.How to Comply with EU Standards.1. Understand the Requirements: The first step towards compliance is understanding the specific requirements of the EU standards that apply to your business. This involves conducting a thorough analysis of the relevant directives, regulations, and standards.2. Implement Quality Management Systems: Establishing a robust quality management system (QMS) is crucial for ensuring compliance with EU standards. A QMS helps companies identify, control, and monitor processes and products to ensure they meet the required standards.3. Training and Awareness: Providing training and awareness programs to employees is essential for ensuringcompliance. These programs should cover the specific requirements of EU standards, as well as the company's policies and procedures for meeting these requirements.4. Supplier Management: Managing suppliers effectively is key to ensuring compliance with EU standards. Companies should ensure that their suppliers are capable of meeting the required standards and should conduct regular audits and inspections to verify compliance.5. Documentation and Record-Keeping: Maintaining comprehensive documentation and records is essential for demonstrating compliance with EU standards. This includes technical documentation, test reports, certificates of compliance, and other relevant documents.6. Monitoring and Compliance Audits: Regular monitoring and compliance audits help identify any deviations from EU standards and ensure timely corrective actions are taken. These audits should be conducted by independent parties to ensure objectivity and credibility.Conclusion.Compliance with EU standards is crucial for businesses seeking to operate or trade within the EU. By understanding the requirements, implementing effective quality management systems, providing training and awareness programs, managing suppliers effectively, maintaining comprehensive documentation, and conducting regular monitoring and compliance audits, companies can ensure they meet these standards and reap the benefits of operating within the EU market.。

欧盟进口商品英语作文翻译The European Union (EU) is one of the largest importers of goods in the world. With a population of over 450million people, the EU provides a vast market for various products from all corners of the globe. In this article, we will explore the process of importing goods into the EU, the regulations and requirements that need to be met, and the benefits and challenges that come with exporting tothis lucrative market.To begin with, it is essential to understand the regulatory framework that governs imports into the EU. The EU operates as a single market, meaning that goods can circulate freely within its member states without customs duties or other barriers. However, to ensure the safety and quality of imported products, the EU has established a set of regulations that importers must comply with.One of the key regulations is the EU Customs Code, which outlines the procedures and requirements forimporting goods into the EU. Importers are required to submit a customs declaration, which includes information about the imported products, their origin, and their value. This declaration is then processed by the customs authorities, who assess the applicable customs duties and taxes.In addition to customs procedures, importers must also comply with various product-specific regulations. These regulations cover a wide range of areas, such as health and safety, environmental protection, and consumer protection. For example, certain products may require certification or testing to ensure their compliance with EU standards. Importers must also be aware of any restrictions or prohibitions on certain goods, such as endangered speciesor counterfeit products.To facilitate trade and ensure the smooth flow of goods, the EU has implemented a system known as the Single Window for Customs (SWC). This system allows importers to submitall the necessary information and documentation electronically, reducing paperwork and streamlining thecustoms clearance process. The SWC also enables better coordination between different authorities involved in the import process, such as customs, health, and safety agencies.While importing goods into the EU offers numerous opportunities, it is not without its challenges. One of the main challenges is the complexity of the regulatory framework. With 27 member states, each with its ownnational regulations and requirements, navigating the EU market can be daunting for exporters. It is crucial for exporters to familiarize themselves with the specific regulations of each member state they wish to export to, as well as the EU-wide regulations.Another challenge is the competition within the EU market. With a diverse range of products available, exporters must differentiate themselves and offer unique value propositions to attract EU consumers. This can be achieved through factors such as competitive pricing, high-quality products, innovative features, or sustainable practices. Understanding the preferences and demands of EUconsumers is key to succeeding in this highly competitive market.Despite the challenges, exporting to the EU also presents significant benefits. The EU market offers a large consumer base with high purchasing power, providing ample opportunities for exporters to expand their customer reach and increase sales. Furthermore, the EU has a reputationfor quality and safety standards, which can enhance the credibility and reputation of exported products. This can be particularly advantageous for exporters from countries with a strong focus on quality and compliance.In recent years, the EU has also placed increasing importance on sustainability and environmental protection. This presents an opportunity for exporters who can demonstrate their commitment to sustainable practices. By aligning with the EU's sustainability goals and offering environmentally friendly products, exporters can tap into the growing demand for sustainable goods in the EU market.In conclusion, importing goods into the EU requirescompliance with a comprehensive set of regulations and requirements. From customs procedures to product-specific regulations, exporters must navigate a complex regulatory framework to access the EU market. While this presents challenges, the EU market also offers significant benefits, including a large consumer base, high purchasing power, and a reputation for quality and safety. By understanding and meeting the EU's regulatory standards and consumer preferences, exporters can tap into the vast opportunities that the EU market has to offer.。

EU declaration of conformity regarding energy consumption according to (EU) 2019/2019Energy Label (EU) 2019/2016Applied standard EN 62552:2020Product Information SheetSupplier’s name or trade markLIEBHERRSupplier’s addressLiebherr-Hausgeräte GmbH Memminger Straße 77-7988416 OchsenhausenGermany Model identifier EWTdf 1653_992793551Electrical dataParameterValue ParameterValue Voltage (V ~)220-240Frequency (Hz)50Type of refrigerating appliance Low-noise appliance no Design typebuilt-in Wine storage appliance yesOther refrigerating appliancenoGeneral product parametersHeight872Width 557Overalldimensions(millimetre)Depth 553Total volume (dm³ or l)97EEI180Energy efficiency class G Airborne acoustical noise emissions (dB(A) re 1 pW)32Airborne acoustical noise emission class B Annual energy consumption (kWh/a)150Climate classextended temperate, temperate, subtropicalMinimum ambient temperature (°C), for which the refrigerating appliance is suitable 10Maximum ambient temperature (°C), for which the refrigerating appliance is suitable38Winter settingnoCompartment ParametersCompartment type CompartmentVolume(dm³ or l)Recommendedtemperature settingfor optimised foodstorage (°C)Freezing capacity(kg/24 h)Defrosting type(auto-defrost = A,manual defrost = M)Pantry no----Wine storage yes9712-ACellar no----Fresh food no----Chill no----0-star or ice- making no----1-star no----2-star no----3-star no----4-star no----2-star section no----Variable temperaturecompartmentno----For 4-star compartmentsFast freeze facility noFor wine storage appliancesNumber of standard wine bottles-Light source parametersLight Source Lighting technology used Energy efficiency class 1LED G2LED GAdditional informationMinimum duration of the guarantee offered by the manufacturer: 24 monthAdditional information: -Weblink to the manufacturer’s website, where the information in point 4(a) Annex of Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/2019 is found: https:///The energy consumption was confirmed by measurements according to EN 62552:2020.。

欧盟进口商品英语作文模板EU Import Goods。

The European Union is one of the largest markets in the world, with over 500 million consumers. As a result, it is an attractive destination for businesses looking to expand their customer base. In this essay, I will discuss the import of goods into the EU and the impact it has on the economy.Firstly, the EU has a set of rules and regulations that govern the import of goods. These rules are designed to protect consumers and ensure that products meet certain safety and quality standards. For example, imported food must meet the same standards as those produced within the EU, and products that are deemed unsafe or harmful are not allowed to be sold.Secondly, the import of goods into the EU has a significant impact on the economy. It creates jobs andgenerates income for businesses and individuals. In addition, it provides consumers with a wider range of products at competitive prices. This competition drives innovation and improves the quality of goods available.However, the import of goods into the EU also poses challenges. One of the biggest challenges is the issue of unfair competition. Some countries may offer subsidies to their businesses, which allows them to sell products at lower prices than EU businesses. This can lead to the closure of EU businesses and the loss of jobs.Another challenge is the impact on the environment. The import of goods often involves long-distance transportation, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, some imported products may not be environmentally friendly, which can have a negative impact on the environment.In conclusion, the import of goods into the EU has both positive and negative impacts. While it provides consumers with a wider range of products at competitive prices and generates income for businesses and individuals, it alsoposes challenges such as unfair competition and environmental concerns. It is important for the EU to continue to monitor and regulate the import of goods to ensure that it benefits the economy and society as a whole.。

R0HS2.0最新标准限值
欧盟官方公报（0J）发布ROHS2.0修订指令（EU）2015/863 ,欧盟RoHS2.0更新终于尘埃落定，由原来的六项管控物质：铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、镉（g0）Cd、六价铬（g e）Cr VI）、多溴联苯（PBB、多溴二苯醚（PBDE，变为十项管控物质，新增邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP、邻苯二甲酸甲苯基丁酯（BBP、邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯（DBP、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）（简称邻苯4P）,此前曾在ROHS2.0 中被优先列为评估物质的六溴环十二烷（HBCCD未被正式列入限制物质清单。

该十项管控物质管控的限量除镉（Cd为0.01%外其余九项均为0.1%。

此修订指令发布后，欧盟各成员国需在2016年12月31日前将此指令转为各国的法规并执行。

且2019年7月22日起所有输欧电子电器产品（除医疗和监控设备）均需满足该限制要求，2021年7月22日起，医疗设备（包括体外医疗设备）和监控设备（包括工业监控设备）也将纳入该管控范围。

此外，已属REAC附件XVII 第51条邻苯管控的玩具产品将不受此指令中DEHP BBP DBP的管控。

如下表：详细列出了ROHS1.C和ROHS2.0具体的限定物质和限定值以及检测仪器。

欧洲联盟（欧盟）独立国家联合体（独联体）上海合作组织阿拉伯各国议会联盟阿拉伯国家联盟 （阿盟)西欧联盟拉丁美洲议会阿拉伯马格里布联盟非洲联盟（非盟）欧洲安全与合作组织（欧安组织)美洲国家组织法语国家组织（又称“法语共同体”）里约集团国际移民组织伊比利亚美洲国家首脑会议桑戈委员会亚洲议会和平协会禁止化学武器组织欧洲委员会南亚区域合作联盟 （南盟)波罗的海国家委员会非洲统一组织（非统组织)各国议会联盟（议联)维谢格拉德集团政府间移民委员会巴黎统筹委员会（巴统）的正式名字是“输出管制统筹委员会” 亚太议会论坛海湾合作委员会（海合会)联合国协会世界联合会 (世联会)大赦国际国际刑事警察组织（国际刑警组织)伊斯兰会议组织前政府首脑国际行动理事会英联邦国际刑事法院加勒比国家联盟南美洲国家联盟前身为南美国家共同体（南共体)社会党国际核供应国集团葡萄牙语国家共同体（葡语国家共同体)“中欧倡议国”组织不结盟运动澳新美理事会自由进步党国际古阿姆民主与发展组织巴黎俱乐部 也称“十国集团”７７国集团国际劳工组织中国－阿拉伯国家合作论坛地中海联盟美洲议会联盟萨赫勒－撒哈拉国家共同体（简称萨－撒共同体）南方中心金砖四国中美洲议会美洲玻利瓦尔联盟世界贸易组织（世贸组织）亚太经济合作组织（亚太经合组织）石油输出国组织东非政府间发展组织 (伊加特）经济合作与发展组织亚洲开发银行 (亚行）世界银行集团，俗称世界银行阿拉伯石油输出国组织“十五国集团”又称“南南磋商与合作首脑级集团” 非洲开发银行欧洲复兴开发银行（欧洲银行）环印度洋地区合作联盟二十国集团美洲开发银行加勒比开发银行中部非洲国家经济共同体２４国集团欧洲中央银行欧洲自由贸易联盟南部非洲发展共同体国际展览局南方共同市场（南共市）比荷卢经济联盟西非经济共同体关税及贸易总协定 (关贸总协定)安第斯共同体 (安共体)太平洋岛国论坛大湖国家经济共同体博鳌亚洲论坛太平洋共同体东部和南部非洲共同市场（东南非共同市场）非洲发展新伙伴计划世界旅游组织东非共同体西非经济货币联盟 (西非经货联盟)加勒比共同体和共同市场国际能源机构拉美经济体系中美洲一体化体系大湄公河次区域经济合作世界能源理事会拉丁美洲一体化协会国际航空运输协会非洲、加勒比和太平洋地区国家集团（非加太集团）黑海经合组织发展中八国集团（伊斯兰发展中八国集团）反洗钱金融行动特别工作组国际货币基金组织南方银行加勒比石油计划国际标准化组织泛美开发银行集团科技、文化世界卫生组织 (世卫组织)第三世界科学院世界民主青年联盟国际足球联合会国际科学理事会世界基督教会联合会亚洲奥林匹克理事会国际档案理事会国际自由工会联合会国际奥林匹克委员会世界文化和自然遗产政府间委员会（世界遗产委员会）国际交流发展计划万国邮政联盟国际军事体育理事会世界汉语教学学会世界盲人联盟国际音乐理事会国际信息处理联合会世界厕所组织（也简称WTO）国际世界语协会(国际世协）国际新闻工作者协会国际新闻学会国际战略研究所国际新闻工作者联合会国际大学协会国际奥比斯组织国际图书馆协会联合会（国际图联）世界穆斯林大会无国界医生组织国际翻译家联盟 (国际译联)世界土著人理事会国际新闻电影协会国际自然及自然资源保护联盟世界佛教徒联谊会世界科技城市联盟国际志愿服务协调委员会国际会计师联合会世界休闲组织国际红十字会与红新月会联合会亚太空间合作组织世界医护人员联盟国际反贪局联合会国际捕鲸委员会世界知识产权组织世界动物卫生组织非洲性别平等集团世界气象组织国际博物馆协会世界移动通信大会和全球移动通信系统协会国际人类学与民族学联合会世界技能组织亚欧会议亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议（亚信会议）东亚峰会国际反贪污大会世界经济论坛世界社会论坛世界经济论坛世界社会论坛世界卫生大会世界妇女大会世界华商大会世界石油大会世界青年大会法非首脑会议日内瓦裁军谈判会议 (裁谈会)东盟外长会议上海合作组织峰会世界粮食首脑会议二十国集团峰会世界大城市首脑会议巴尔干国家首脑会议非洲－欧洲首脑会议联合国小岛屿国家会议联合国千年首脑会议联合国反对种族主义世界大会联合国国际人口与发展大会世界妇女峰会世界城市论坛亚洲政党国际会议东盟地区论坛世界水资源论坛世界月球会议世界知识论坛世界湖泊大会亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议东盟与中国（“１０＋１”）领导人会议东盟与中日韩（１０＋３）领导人会议东南欧稳定公约魏玛三角“北美安全与繁荣联盟”首脑会议（北美峰会）政治类组织European Union -- EUCommonwealth of Independent States -- CISShanghai Cooperation Organization -- SCOArab Inter-Parliamentary Union -- AIPULeague of Arab States -- LASWestern European Union -- WEULatin-American ParliamentUnion of the Arab Maghreb；Union du Maghreb Arabe -- UMA African Union -- AUOrganization for Security and Co-operation in Europe -- OSCE Organization of American States -- OASOrganisation Internationale de la Francophoniethe Rio GroupInternational Organization for Migration -- IOMIbero-American SummitZangger Committee -- ZACThe Association of Asian Parliaments for Peace—AAPP Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons -- OPCW Council of Europe -- COESouth Asian Association for Regional Cooperation -- SAARC Council of the Baltic Sea States -- CBSSOrganization of African Unity -- OAUInter-Parliamentary Union -- IPUVisegrad GroupIntergovernmental Committee for Migration -- ICMCo-Ordinating Committee for Export ControlThe Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum — APPFGulf Cooperation Council -- GCCWorld Federation of United Nations Association -- WFUNA Amnesty International -- AIInternational Criminal Police Organization -- TERPOL Organization of the Islamic Conference -- OICInter Action Council of Former Heads of Government -- ICFHG The CommonwealthInternational Criminal Court -- ICCAssociation of Caribbean States -- ACSSouth American Community of Nations — CSNSocialist International -- SINuclear Suppliers Group -- NSGCommunity of Portuguese-Speaking Countries -- CPLPCentral European Initiative -- CEINon-Aligned Movement -- NAMANZUS councilLiberal International -- LIGUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic DevelopmentParis Club (Group-10)Group of 77 -- G77International Labor Organization -- ILOChina-Arab Cooperation ForumMediterranean UnionAmerican Parliamentary UnionCommunity of Sahel - Saharan StatesSouth CentreＢＲＩＣｓCentral American ParliamentBolivarian alliance经济类组织World Trade Organization -- WTOAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -- APECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries -- OPECIntergovernmental Authority on Development -- IGADOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- OECDAsian Development Bank -- ADBWorld BankOrganization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries -- OAPECGroup 15（Summit Level Group for South-South Consultation and Cooperation）African Development Bank -- ADBEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and Development -- EBRDIndian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation -- IOR-ARCGroup of TwentyInter-American Development Bank -- IDBCaribbean Development Bank -- CDBEconomic Community of Central African States -- ECCASGroup of Twenty Four -- G2European Central Bank -- ECBEuropean Free Trade Association -- EFTASouthern African Development Community -- SADCBureau of International Expositions -- BIESouth American Common Market-- MERCOSURUnion Economique BeneluxEconomic Community of West African States --ECOWASGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade -- GATTAndean CommunityPacific Islands ForumEconomic Community of the Great Lakes CountriesBoao Forum for Asia -- BFAPacific Community -- PCCommon Market for Eastern and Southern Africa -- COMESAthe New Partnership for Africa's Development -- NEPADWorld Tourism OrganizationEast African Community -- EACUnion Economique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine -- UEMOACaribbean Community and Common Market -- CARICOMInternational Energy Agency -- IEALatin Aamerican Economic System -- LAESCentral American Integration System -- SICAGreater Mekong Subregion Economic CooperationWorld Energy Council -- WECLatin American Integration Association -- LAIAInternational Air Transport Association -- IATAGroup of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries -- Group of the ACP Bangladesh Steel & Engineering Corporation--BSECthe Group of the developing G8 (Group of Eight Islamic Developing)Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering -- FATFInternational Monetary Fund -- IMFSouth BankCaribbean oil planInternational Organization for Standardization--ISOInter-American Development Bank Group、文化、体育等专业类组织World Health Organization -- WHOThird World Academy of Sciences -- TWASWorld Federation of Democratic Youth -- WFDYFederation Internationale de Football Association -- FIFAInternational Council for Science -- ICSUWorld Council of Churches -- WCCOlympic Council of Asia -- OCAInternational Council on Archives -- ICAInternational Confederation of Free Trade Unions -- ICFTUInternational Olympic Committee -- IOCWorld Heritage CommitteeInternational Programme for the Development of Communication — IPDCUniversal Postal Union -- UPUInternational Military Sports Council -- CISMInternational Society for Chinese Language TeachingWorld Blind UnionInternational Music Council -- IMCInternational Federation for Information Processing -- IFIPWorld Toilet OrganizationUniversal Esperanto Association -- UEAInternational Organization of JournalistsInternational Press Institute -- IPIInternational Institute for Strategic Studies -- IISSInternational Federation of Journalists -- IFJInternational Association of Universities -- IAUProject Orbis -- ORBISInternational Federation of Library Associations and Institutions -- IFLAWorld Muslim Congress -- WMCDoctors Without Borders, Medecins Sans Frontiers -- MSFInternational Federation of Translators；Federation International des Traducteurs -- FIT World Council of Indigenous PeoplesInternational Newsreel and News Film Association -- INNAInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources -- IUCNWorld Fellowship of Buddhists -- WFBWorld Technoplis Association -- WTACoordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service -- CCIVSInternational Federation of Accountants -- IFACWorld Leisure OrganizationInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesAsia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization--APSCOWorld allience of heakth careInternational Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities --IAACAInternational Whaling CommissionWorld Intellectual Property Organization -- WIPOOffice International Des Epizooties --OIEAfrican Gender Equality GroupWorld Meteorological Organization -- WMOInternational Council of MuseumsMobile World Congress and Global System for Mobile Associationthe International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciiences--ＩＵＡＥＳWorldSkills International国际会议Asia-Europe Meeting -- ASEMConference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia -- CICAEast Asia SummitInternational Anti-Corruption Conference -- IACCWorld Economic Forum -- WEFWorld Social Forum — WSFWorld Economic Forum -- WEFWorld Social Forum — WSFWorld Health Assembly -- WHAWorld Conference on WomenWorld Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention -- WCECWorld Petroleum Congress -- WPCWorld Assembly of Youth -- WAYFranco-African SummitConference on Disarmament in GenevaASEAN Foreign Ministers MeetingShanghai Cooperation Organization SummitWorld Food SummitSummit of the Group of TwentySummit Conference of Major Cities of the World -- SCMCWBalkan SummitAfrica-Europe SummitUnited Natiosn Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing United Nations Millennium SummitWorld Conference Against Racism of United NationsInternational Conference on Population and DevelopmentGlobal summit of womenWorld Urban ForumInternational Conference of Asian Political PartiesASEAN Regional ForumWorld Water ForumGlobal summit of moonWorld Knowledge ForumWorld Lake ConferenceAPEC Informal Leadership MeetingASEAN-China High- level SymposiumASEAN, China, Japan and ROK （10 ＋ 3 ） High- level SymposiumStability Pact for South Eastern EuropeWeimar Triangle summitSecurity and Prosperity Partnership of North America --SPPurs -- FIT ＩＵＡＥＳd Developing States。

欧洲建筑材料标准英文欧洲建筑材料标准通常由欧洲标准化委员会（European Committee for Standardization，简称CEN）发布。

以下是一些与建筑材料相关的欧洲标准的英文标题：1.EN 197 - Cement:•"Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements"2.EN 10025 - Structural Steel:•"Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 1: General technical delivery conditions"3.EN 10149 - Hot-rolled Flat Products:•"Hot-rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming - Part 2: Technical deliveryconditions for thermomechanically rolled steels"4.EN 12056 - Gravity Drainage Systems:•"Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 2: Sanitary pipework, layout and calculation"5.EN 206 - Concrete:•"Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity"6.EN 572 - Glass:•"Glass in building - Basic soda lime silicate glass products"7.EN 934 - Admixtures for Concrete:•"Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 2: Concrete admixtures - Definitions, requirements,conformity, marking and labeling"8.EN 12056 - Roof Drainage:•"Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and calculation"这些标准涵盖了建筑材料的各个方面，包括水泥、结构钢、混凝土、玻璃、陶瓷砖、防水系统等。

（1）ICSC编号：ICSC编号指国际化学品安全卡的顺序号，ICSC是International Chemical Safety Card的英文缩写。

（2）CSA号：CSA号是美国化学文摘社登记号。

CAS是美国化学文摘社（Chemical Abstract Service）的英文缩写。

登记号由在部分数字组成，各部分之间用短线联结。

该号是用来判定检索有多个名称的化学物质信息的重要工具。

（3）RTECS号：RTECS号是美国职业安全与卫生研究所规定的化学物质毒性作用登记号，RTECS是化学物质毒性作用登记（Registry of T oxic Effects of Chemical Substances）的英文缩写。

该号可用来查找一种化学物质的毒理学数据。

（4）UN编号：UN编号是联合国危险货物运输专家委员会对危险物质制定的编号。

该编号登录在联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书》（Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods）中。

UN是联合国（United Nations）的英文缩写。

（5）EC编号：EC编号是欧洲经济共同体的《欧洲现有商业化学物质名录》（Eropean Inv entory of Exis-ting Commercial Chemical Substances,EINECS）中对该物质的登录号。

EC是欧洲共同体（European Community）的英文缩写。

（6）IM DG规则页码：IM DG是International Maritime Dangerous Goods的缩写。

IM DG规则页码是国际海事组织编制的《国际海上危险物品运输规则》的危险货物信息页码。

（7）危险货物编号（CN编号）：UN是国际编号,CN是国内编号由五位阿拉伯数字组成，是根据国标GB 12268-90制订的危险货物编号（简称危规号）。

第一位数表示该危险货物按此国标分类（共九类）所属类别；第二位数表示按此国际分项项别；第3～5位三位数表示该危险货物品名的顺序号。

欧盟标准物质
欧盟标准物质通常指的是符合欧洲联盟（EU）特定标准的化学物质或材料。

这些标准物质的制定旨在确保在欧盟成员国之间贸易、研究和产业发展等方面的一致性和互通性。

以下是一些常见的欧盟标准物质的示例：
1. 欧洲药典（European Pharmacopoeia，EP）物质：用于药品生产和检测的物质，符合欧洲药典规定的质量标准。

2. 欧洲化学品局（European Chemicals Agency，ECHA）认证物质：包括在化学品法规（REACH）下提交的注册物质，以及其他受监管的化学品。

3. 欧洲标准化组织（European Committee for Standardization，CEN）颁布的材料标准：例如，建筑材料、电子材料等方面的标准，以确保产品的质量和性能。

4. 欧洲食品安全局（European Food Safety Authority，EFSA）认可的食品标准：适用于食品添加剂、食品成分等方面的标准，以确保食品安全。

5. 欧洲航空安全局（European Union Aviation Safety Agency，EASA）颁布的航空标准：适用于航空器、航空零部件等方面的标准，以确保航空安全。

这只是一些示例，欧盟标准物质的范围非常广泛，涵盖了多个行业和领域。

这些标准物质的使用有助于在欧盟范围内确保产品的质量、安全性和互操作性。

如果您对特定领域的欧盟标准物质有更详细的需求，建议查阅欧盟相关机构的官方文件和标准。

标准评析关于欧盟电池新规（EU）2023/1542中电池碳足迹的介绍■ 刘 伟（福建星云电子股份有限公司）摘 要：2023年7月28日，欧盟正式颁布了新电池法规——《2023年7月12日欧洲议会和理事会第2023/1542号法规（欧盟） 关于电池和废旧电池，修订指令2008/98/EC和欧盟法规2019/1020以及废止指令2006/66/EC》，其中明确了对电池碳足迹的规定，这一新的规定将成为我国电池产品进入欧盟市场的新技术壁垒。

本文对该法规中的碳足迹规定做了较为详细的介绍，包括范围、定义、功能单元和基准流、系统边界、公司特定和二次数据集的使用、碳足迹影响评价、偏移、碳足迹性能类别和最大碳阈值等，为国内电池设计和制造企业了解欧盟新电池法规中的碳足迹规定提供参考。

关键词：欧盟法规，电池，碳足迹，生命周期DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1002-5944.2024.10.021Introduction to the Carbon Footprint Requirements in the EU’s NewBattery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542LIU Wei（Fujian Nebula Electronics Co., Ltd.）Abstract:On July 28, 2023, the European Union offi cially issued a new regulation on batteries— Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries, amending Directive 2008/98/EC and Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and repealing Directive 2006/66/EC. This new regulation specifies the carbon footprint of batteries, which will become a new technological barrier for domestic battery products to enter the EU market. This article provides a detailed introduction to the carbon footprint requirements in the regulation, including scope, defi nition, functional units and reference fl ows, system boundaries, use of company specifi c datasets and auxiliary datasets, carbon footprint impact assessment, offsets, carbon footprint performance categories, and maximum carbon thresholds. It provides a reference for domestic battery design and manufacturing enterprises to understand the carbon footprint requirements in the EU’s new battery regulations. Keywords: EU regulations, battery, carbon footprint, life cycle0 引 言欧盟官方于2023年7月28日正式颁布了新电池法规，即《欧盟法规（EU）2023/1542 关于电池和废旧电池》[1]（以下简称“法规”）。

欧盟化妆品成分列表 3万欧盟化妆品成分列表 3万：保障消费者健康与安全随着人们生活水平不断的提高，人们不仅注重日常饮食的健康和卫生，更是越来越注重日常护肤和化妆品的健康与安全。

特别是在当前化妆品市场品种繁多、性价比极不平衡的情况下，人们对于化妆品成分的安全问题也变得格外敏感。

欧洲联盟（以下简称欧盟）作为世界上最具影响力的地区之一，其化妆品成分的监管也自然成为了世界上最严格的标准之一。

在欧盟，所有化妆品成分必须经过欧盟化妆品成分列表检测，确保其不会给消费者身体健康带来任何潜在风险。

欧盟化妆品成分列表从何而来？2009年1月11日，欧盟化妆品监管机构颁布规章第1223/2009号，据此所有欧盟地区内的化妆品与个人护理产品，都必须符合欧洲化妆品成分检测标准，并出具相应证明。

为了实现这一要求，欧盟自行组织的关联部门推出了欧盟化妆品成分列表（European Union List of Cosmetic Ingredients），缩写为EULCI，这是一个包含21大类、超过30,000个化妆品成分的列表。

这个列表中列出了所有的允许使用化妆品成分，以及一些禁止使用化学品成分，以控制化妆品成分的安全和质量。

欧盟化妆品成分列表包括哪些成分？欧盟化妆品成分列表包括以下21个大类的成分，并进行了分类。

1.香水成分（Aromatic extracts，aromatic oils and other odor types)2.气味和味道防腐剂 (Odor and Taste Agents，preservatives )3.柔软，柔润和滑润类型的添加剂（Softening，smoothing and lubricating agents)4.皮肤保护剂(Skin protectants)5.皮肤调理剂用于加强充血(Colorants taking account of supply and demand)6.皮肤染色剂及鬃毛染色剂 (Hair dyes)7.头发和脚发的美容护理剂 (Hair and nail care agents)8.气泡剂和气雾剂 (Foaming and gas-forming agents)9.紫外辐射防护剂 (Sun protection agents) 10.金属盐（Metallic pigments and fillers） 11.金属/无机颜料(Colouring Agents inorganic pigments) 12.圆珠笔和整理剂（Thickeners and stabilizers） 13.脂肪和油脂（Fats and other Oils ) 14.肌肤护理保湿剂(Humectants for skincare and cleansing) 15.肌肤弹力增强剂 (Emollients, moisturizers and humectants) 16.防紫外线辐射剂 (UV Filters for skin and hair products) 17.剃须及脱毛用剂 (Depilatories and Razors) 18.油箟 (Soaps) 19.增塑剂和分散剂(Plasticisers and surface-active agents) 20.织物处理剂 (Agents for textile treatment) 21.身体香水成分(Body Fragrance Ingredients)如何正确使用欧盟化妆品成分列表？了解欧盟化妆品成分列表，对于化妆品选择者、剂量、使用方法等都有很大的参考价值。

滑雪板eu标准滑雪板是一种专门用于滑雪运动的装备，作为一项高风险的运动，滑雪板的制造和使用必须符合一定的标准和规范，以确保滑雪者的安全和滑雪体验的质量。

在欧洲，滑雪板的制造和销售必须符合欧洲联盟制定的滑雪板EU标准。

EU标准是指欧洲联盟在技术领域针对特定产品所制定的一套规范和要求，旨在完善和提高产品的质量和安全性。

滑雪板EU标准主要分为两类：EN 1091和EN 1092。

EN 1091标准主要规定了滑雪板的设计和制造要求。

根据这个标准，滑雪板必须具有足够的强度和刚性，以承受滑雪过程中的各种力量和压力。

滑雪板的长度、宽度和曲率等参数也在标准中进行了规定，以保证滑雪者能够获得良好的控制和平衡。

根据EN 1091标准，滑雪板的材料也必须符合一定的要求，通常采用的是高强度的复合材料，如碳纤维和玻璃纤维。

这些材料具有较低的重量和很好的韧性，可以提供良好的性能和耐用性。

此外，EN 1091标准还规定了滑雪板上的附件和装置，如绑脚系统和刹车器等，必须符合相应的要求和标准。

这些附件和装置的设计和制造必须考虑到滑雪过程中的各种情况和需求，以确保滑雪者的安全和便利。

除了EN 1091标准，欧洲联盟还制定了EN 1092标准，规定了滑雪板的测试和认证要求。

根据这个标准，每批量生产的滑雪板都必须进行严格的测试和检验，以确保其符合标准中规定的各项要求和指标。

这些测试和检验主要包括滑雪板的强度、刚性、耐久性、吸震性和防滑性等方面。

只有通过了这些测试和检验，并获得认证，滑雪板才能正式投入市场销售，并由滑雪者使用。

值得一提的是，滑雪板EU标准不仅适用于滑雪板的制造商，也适用于滑雪板的销售商和租赁机构。

这些机构必须在销售或租赁滑雪板之前，对滑雪板的质量和安全进行评估和检查，以确保滑雪者的权益和安全。

总的来说，滑雪板EU标准的制定和实施，旨在保障滑雪者的安全和滑雪体验的质量。

滑雪板制造商必须按照标准规定的要求设计和制造滑雪板，销售商和租赁机构必须确保所销售和租赁的滑雪板符合标准的要求。

歐洲CIRFS（國際嫘縈和合成纖維委員會）簡介CIRFS（International Rayon and Synthetic Fibres Committee, 國際嫘縈和合成纖維委員會）是歐洲人造纖維工業組織的代表。

其會員公司來自德國、奧大利、保加利亞、西班牙、芬蘭、法國、愛爾蘭、義大利、立陶宛、荷蘭、波蘭、葡萄牙、捷克、斯洛伐克、瑞士、土耳其和英國等國。

並有一些協會組織入會參加，包括：巴西、埃及、匈牙利、以色列、日本、南非和沙烏地阿拉伯，以及一些原料相關單位。

CIRFS 會員公司生產聚酯纖維、聚胺纖維、聚丙烯纖維、嫘縈纖維及醋酸纖維，占歐洲纖維總產量超過90%。

西歐紡織品以人造纖維為原料即占73%，主要終端用途有服裝、地毯、室內裝潢以及工業用途，如輪胎、睡袋、過濾蕊、防火材料、高科技飛機製造用的合成加CIRFS基本資料如下，地址：An E. Van Nieuwenhuyse, 4 B-1160 Bruxelles, Belgium電話：32-2-676-74-55傳真：32-2-676-74-53網址：CIRFS的業務範圍：1.統計及市場分析提供會員西歐、中歐以及土耳其合成纖維及人造纖維工業之生產、銷售和庫存的資料，並針對全球主要纖維生產國家之進出口情況進行分析。

2.技術及環保問題A.與ISO（國際標準組織）、CEN（歐洲標準委員會）和歐盟合作，制定人造纖維產品新標準，包括紡織產品的燃燒特性等。

B.透過B. I. S. F. A.（國際人造纖維標準局）維護和制定工業標準。

C.蒐集整理與環保有關問題，如：無害生產、健康、安全和產品壽命分析。

D. 與歐洲研究機構間交流科研資訊以加強彼此間關係，並建立歐洲研究網絡。

3.經濟分析針對影響工業的經濟發展，提供資訊和建議，探討的主要問題包括：A.對歐盟內部的交易及其發展進行分析，並在需要時撰擬關於傾銷、補貼或非法貿易壁壘的提案。

B.觀察其內部市場產生影響的發展趨勢，尤其是由政府補貼和技術壁壘引起的競爭失調的風險。