2011届英语阅读理解专题---主旨细节类1

高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧考纲解读：阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。

阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。

新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。

英语考试大纲规定，考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义；(2) 理解文中具体信息；(3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义；(4) 做出简单判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

命题探究：一．选材特点：广东省高考阅读理解解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1.文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。

二．题目类型：高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题三．题目特点：1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。

2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次排列。

如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。

主旨大意题和写作目的题一般都安排在第5小题。

阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。

想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯提高分数技巧：1. 抓好限时训练同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。

做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。

2. 养成良好的阅读习惯同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。

首先要避免“指读”。

很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。

而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。

其次要避免出声阅读。

嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。

还要避免过多地停顿回读。

在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。

英语阅读理解四类题型
1、细节理解——注意关键词，一定是原文内容。

2、主旨大意——注意文章结构，看首位（每段第一句）重复情况，若多次重复的句子，就是答案。

3、词义辨析——词在句中，句不脱群，巧用词性。

这类题目，一定要注意连词的运用，如果前后句是同义的，那前句中相应位置的词的意思就是答案；如果前后句是反意的，那前句中相应位置的词的反意词就是答案。

4、推理判断——infer（词义1，推论...；2，判断；3，推断为...）。

这类问题注意一定是推断出来的结论，原文绝对不能选。

回答问题时注意：关注题干，关注关联性。

关联性是指一篇阅读理解的五道题，一般情况下是基于一个点考察的几个相关联的问题。

英语盲填技巧：
词性是重点，考察词性的变化。

注意教材后面黑体字的词性
首先弄清楚盲填的测试意图，即盲填考察的是对词性的运用，即一个句子只能有一个主谓，一个动词。

因此，盲填过程中，首要考虑的是词性的选择，是选动词还是形容词？而不是词意。

词性错，扣2分，词意错，扣1分，词性词意都对得2分。

解读2011年考研英语阅读理解真题解读2011年考研英语阅读理解真题2011年考研英语阅读理解部分从整体上说延续了以往的出题套路，文字难度和行文逻辑与历年基本持平。

下面本文结合本次考试的阅读理解真题对该部分的解题思路和方法予以分析，希望对备考2012年考研英语的考生有所帮助。

题材选择从选材来看，此次考试的阅读理解没有选择学术性较强的自然科学类文章，四篇文章可以归为人文和经济两类，而且重在人文，较之去年更加贴近生活。

从本次考试所选的题材来看，出题者钟情于选择社会热点、人文科学等考生熟悉的题材，基本上摒弃了以往常会出现的一些比较学术化、专业化的题材。

出题思路此次考研英语阅读理解的出题者仍然遵循以往的出题思路，该出题思路可概括为四个原则：关键词定位原则、依次而下原则、区域概念原则和同义改写原则。

下面我们来逐一解析。

1. 关键词定位原则所谓“关键词定位原则”，是指出题者在设置题干时会使用一些独特或核心的词汇，这些词汇正是帮助考生寻找答案所在位置的关键词。

这些关键词通常包括三大类：①显性关键词，如时间、地名、人名、国家名、阿拉伯数字、特殊符号等明显的线索词；②核心动词；③比较明显的描述性名词等。

考生可以利用题干中的这三类关键词迅速回到原文定位，找到答案位置。

2. 依次而下原则所谓“依次而下原则”，就是出题者所设置的题目顺序与行文顺序相符。

考生可以根据这个原则在文中寻找各题目答案的所在位置。

也就是说，如果题干中没有出现明显的关键词或信息提示供考生回原文定位时，考生可以利用这个原则来确定该题答案所在的段落。

例如，2011年考研英语阅读Text One中的五道题就是按照依次而下原则来设置的：第21题的答案位于原文第一段，第22题的答案位于原文第二段，第23题的答案位于第四段开头，第24题的答案位于第四段后半段，第25题的答案位于原文最后一段。

其中，第24题的题干是：“According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?”考生如果能利用题干关键词recordings，同时结合依次而下原则进行定位，便能迅速找到答案位置。

高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题Reading comprehension---Main idea1. The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lessonwhen I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal.I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take tine, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work.I went on preparing the rest if the meal, and, when Doug got home , we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went out side , saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the window to see what he was doing. Looking out , I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house , he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped close and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the sough to dough to double in size and thefermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as thought it were breathing . It looked like some unknown being from outer space. I could see why Doug was shaken. I had to admit what the ―living thing‖ was and why it was there. I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尴尬) by the whole thing –Doug or me.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ___________a. to tell an interesting experience.To show the easiest way out of a difficulty. b.c. To describe the trouble facing a newly married womand. To explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books2 Decision thinking is not unlike poker--- it of ten matters notonly what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process () is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers. The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games of ―perfect information‖, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything orplay tricks; they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of ― imperfect information‖, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of actionis better thananother.One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quit the reverse. Business, politics, lifeitself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors () which would even puzzle() best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.The subject discussed in this text is _____a. the process of reaching decisionb. the difference between poker and chess嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 1 of 17c. the secret of making good business plansd. the value of information in winning games 3 Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious, In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的) . This is the most common type. It usually disappearsquickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example a family problem, the death of a loves one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems,such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的) loneliness usuallylasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonelypeople for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illnesssuch as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad,and sometimes dangerous condition.th The topic of the 41. paragraph is that _________.a. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contactsb. we depend on various people for different reasonsc. lonely people don’t have many social problemsd. lonely people don’t have many friends2. What is the best title for the passage?a. Three Kinds of Loneliness.b. :Loneliness and Diseasesc. Loneliness and Social Contactsd. Chronic Loneliness.4(Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute (垃圾道)? You won’t be forlong. Miami’s Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and cycle, too.In Shantzis’ Hi-Rise Recycling system, a chute leads to a pip-shaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated. The system, which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use, enables ,glass, plastics, paper, metal, and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.The system is controlled from a board foxed next to the chute door. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials (). At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors’ chute doors 嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 2 of 17and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.Sorting(分类) recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do thesorting. Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive, so expensive that tones of recyclables remain wasted. Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more cost-effective. (NMET 2000 年 E)The purpose in writing this text is _________.A to encourage people to recycle their rubbish.B. to introduce a recycling system for high risesC to describe the use of computer technology in recyclingD to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rise5 Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment() friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastics, and these are difficult to get rid of.However, tod ay, more and more consumers are choosing ―green‖ and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these, ―Will this shampoo damage the environment?‖ ―Can this metal container b e reused or can it only be used once?‖A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it, this means that companies must now changed the way they make and sell their products to make su re that they are ―green‖, that is, friendly to the environment.Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket productscarry labels (标签) to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing (生产) of clean and safe products their main selling point andemphasize it in their advertising.The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the pubic accept the old attitude of ―buy it, use it , throw it away, and forget it.‖ Thepublic pressure is on , and gradually business is cleaning up its act.NMET2001 CWhat would be the best title for the text?a. Business and Peopleb. Business Goes Greenc. Shopping Habits Are Changingd. Supermarkets and Green Products6 If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatesteffect on the English language, you will get answers like―Shakespeare,‖ ―Samuel Johnson,‖ and ―Webster‖, but none of th ese men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English ----William the Conqueror.嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 3 of 17Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language , though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In therest of the country lived the Saxons , actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we nowcall Anglo-Saxon (or Old English ), a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, ,modern English even shows a distinction () between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it isstill out in the field or at ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more ―foreign‖ than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition. NMET2001 DWhat is the subject discussed in the text?a. The history of Great Britain.b. The similarity between English and French.c. The rule of England by William the conquerord. The French influences on the English language.Britain’s oldest man made his first visit to London yesterday atthe age of 110. Mr. John Evans had 7never found the time or the money to make the trip from his homenear Swansea. But, when British Rail offered him an all-expenses-paid birthday trip to the capital, he just could not refuse.Until yesterday he had never been far from home, except for one trip to Aberdeen. Mr.Evens, who spent 60 years working as a miner in South Wales, almost made the journey to London once before, at the turn of the century. ―There was a trip to the White city but it was ten shillings (1shilling =1/20 pound ) return from Swansea-too much I thought. All my money went to the family then,‖ he said.During the nest two days Mr. Evens will be taken on a whistle-stop tour of London to see the sights. Top of his list is a visit to the Houses of Parliament()The only arrangement he does not care for is the wheelchair provided to move him about if he gets tired. ― I don’t like the chair business-people will so think I am getting old,‖ he said.Hi secret for a long and healthy life has been well publicized—no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger.Before setting off from Swansea with his 76-year-old son, Amwel, he quipped, ― I’m glad to see they’vegiven me a return ticket.‖ 2003shanfhai CWhat might be the best title for this passage?a. 100-year-old Touristb. Secret for Long and healthy lifec. Free Return Ticketd. Sightseeing in London嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 4 of 178 BEING –set of by the April 1 Sino-us plane collision(相撞) and US official agreement of the biggestarms sale to Taiwan in decade (ten years) as well as remarks by US president Bush on Defending Taiwan, there have been increasing hacker attacks on websites of the two countries in the past weeks.An American group of hackers (黑客) which calls itself Poison Box had begun ruining Chinese websites after the April1 spy plane incident, top Chinese portal said.The Chinese soon attacked back.On April 2, Chinese hackers invaded two Government websites over the weekend, forcing the Department of labor and the Department of the Health and Human Services to shut down their sites for a short time.The US Department of labor went off line for a few hours after a page in its website was changed to display a picture of Wang Wei, the Chinese pilot who died in the collision.The page was titled ―China back!‖ and read, in English, ―the whole country is so sorry for losing the best son of China ---Wang Wei forever. We will miss the end of the day.‖On May1, hackers exchanged bad remarks (脏话) in which the official White House website wasdefaced (毁容) by a huge amount of e-mail garbage. On May5, theWhite House website fell victim (受害者)to a denial (拒绝) of serviced attack that blocked access (通道) to the site for more than two hours.The Computer Network and Information Security Management Office told web operators an average of 100 sites a day had seen ―some more form of attack.‖The best title of the passage is _____.a. Sino-US plane collision.b. Sino-US Hackers Fighting Cyber () warc. Cyber war continuingd. Wang wei, our best son9 There were two interesting news items () in the paper a few years ago . One was about a man who received a bill from the telephone company for ?999,999—for three month! The other was about a man who received ?2,000 a month ---for doing nothing.The connection between the two news items is simple: computer – the best inventionthof the 20 century. The telephone bill came from a computer which made a terrifying mistake , that was only ?23.36. The other item was not so amusing . A man walked into the unguarded () computer room of a large packaged food company (袋装食品生产公司) and expectly programmed the computer (给计算机编程序) to pay him ?2,000 a month for raw meat which he “supplied”to the company. Of course he never sent the meat, but he certainly received the money. The computer wrote out a bill, and even“signed ”it . It was only a random (随便的) check that uncovered the trick. It could be happening in thousands of other companied all over the world.Computers are not the magical workers that some people say they are. T hey make mistakes, they’re sometimes slower than human beings and they’re easily fooled. The US used to conscript (征兵) people with the help of a computer.The army sent out a card, which had to be filled in and sent back. It was easy to avoid being called up simply by spreading candle-waxon on the card. The computer couldn’t read the card and did nothing with it.嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 5 of 17It’s in our everyday life that computers cause many problems.Let’s get back tousing people instead of computers, befor e a mistake that we can’t put right.The writer’s main idea is __________.A we’d better use people instead of computers in our everyday life.B. We should not use computers because they always make mistakesC. computers are widely used in our everyday lifeD. if we want to work well, don’t use the computers.During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. When 10the crops were good, the economy on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much felling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasingly favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, but farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producer groups askedfor farmer controls, but governments had no wish to become involved, at least not until wartime wheat prices threatened to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with full authority to buy, sell and set prices.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how wheat is marketed todayB. To justify suspension of trading on the Grain Exchange.C. To describe the origins of the Canadian Wheat Board.D. To argue for further reforms on the Canadian Wheat Board11. April 27 is Take Our Daughters to Work Day in Britain. Startedat first in the United States and brought to Britain in 1994, Take Our Daughter to Work Day has become a special day for girls between 11 and 15. On that day thousands of girls take a day off school and go together with one of their parents to their work places. The purpose of this day is to broaden girls’ horizons(视野) and raise their self-confidence.For many years people have thought that boy can do better than girls in society. But actually, ―Girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot , a nurse or a chief executive (主管),‖ says the c hairman of the Our Sons and Daughters Charitable Trust, an organization which supported the activity of the Day. ― Now the girls have a close look at what their parents are doing and this may help them to be more self-confident when they are faced with a choice of work.‖嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 6 of 17Schools and many companied support the activity, too. Palmers Green High School for girls , in north London, has made the day a necessary of careers education.Zarina Bart,15, from Palmers Green, went with her mother Gwen to her lawyer’s office on this year’sTake Our Daughters to Work Day. ―I learned how to fill in a legal aid form and I read details of a case. Then I went to see the actual trail,‖ she said.Zarina found it interesting to see her mother at work . ―It’s really strange seeing Mum at work-runningaround, getting serious and telling people what to do.‖ She has always liked this idea of going into law and thinks it likely that she will follow in her mother’s footsteps. Having a chance to see how her mother works has given hr more self-confidence.Experts believe that girls with higher self-confidence aim higher and are more likely to be successful in life. Parents have more important effert on the confidence of teenage girls. If parents believe in their daughter and show examples both at work as well as at home for them, this will give a lot of help to girls. Take Our Daughters to Work Day is surely a step in the right direction.The writer’s purpose in writing this text is to _________A introduce to us a special day for girlsB broaden girls’ view and raise their confidenceC show us that girls can do as well as boysD tell how the special day for girls came into beingTo swim the English channel takes at least nine hours. It’s hard work and it makes you short of breath. 12To fly over the channel takes only twenty minutes as long as you’re not held up at the airport, but it’s an expensive way to travel. You can travel by hovercraft(气垫船) if you don’t mind the noise and that takesforty minutes. Otherwise , you can go by boat, if you remember sea-sickness pills. All these means of transport (运输) have their problems, and the weary (厌烦的) traveler often dreams of being able to drive to France in his own car. ―Not possible, you say. Well, wait a minut e people are once again considering the idea of a Channel tunnel or bridge.‖ This time , the great London Council(议会) is looking into the possibility of building a channel link straight to London. A bridge would cost far more a tunnel, but you would be able to go by rail or by car on a bridge, whereas (然而) a tunnel would provide a rail link only.Why is this idea being discussed again? Is Britain realizing theneed for links with Europe as a result of joining EEC(欧共体)? Well, perhaps. The main reason , though, is that a tunnel or bridge wouldreach the twenty square kilometers of London’s discussed stimulate(刺激) trade and revitalise (使…..具有活力) the port, and would ,make London a main trading center in Europe. With a link over the channel, you could buy your fish and chips in England and be able to eat them in France while they are still warm!The main idea of the passage is ______A how to develop the trade of LondonB crossing the Channel isdifficultC how to get to Europe more convenientlyD what to do in the development of traveling13 Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highwaycrashes(撞毁)Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 7 of 17a simple optical illusion. Bent strips, called cheverons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think thatthey are faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for TrafficSafety in Washington D.C. is planning t o repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint cheverons and other patterns of strips on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much a one fifth of allfatal(致命) traffic accidents,according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will carryits tests in areas where speed-related hazards(危险) are the greatest –curves(弯),exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平障碍物)painted across roads can initially(最) cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as 初drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Cheverons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are, but also make a lane(车道) appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.The passage mainly discusses ________.A a new way of highway speed controlB a new pattern for painting highwaysC a new way to training driversD a new type of optical illusionFarmer ED Rawlings smiles as he looks at his orange trees. The young oranges are growing well in 14Florida’s weather. Warm sunshine and gentle rains, along with ED Rawlings expert care, will produce a good crop of oranges this year.But ED has to fight against Florida’s changeable winter weather. In January and February,temperature can destroy ED’s entire orange crops. Having farmed in Florida for the past 35 years, Ed Rawlings is prepared for the frosts(). When temperatures drop below freezing, Ed tries to save his crop by watering his orange trees. The water freezes and forms a thin layer() of ice on the trees. Strange as it may sound, this thin layer of ice actually keep the fruit warm..What happens is simple. When the trees are watered, the water loses heat and becomes ice. The warmth of the heat it loses is sicked in by the fruit and keeps its temperature at a safe level.Ed Rawling has effectively used this method to save many orange crops.But Ed still faces some difficulties. The trees should be watered at the exact moment the temperature drops to the freezing point. Also, just the right quantity of water must be used. Too much water can form athick layer of ice that will break the trees branches. Anotherdifficulty is that wind blows away the heat. So Ed has to worry about not only when but also how often his trees should be watered, and how much water should be used.Computer technology may help Ed with some of these worries. With equipment, air and soil temperatures and wind speed can be measured. The information is fed into a computer which can tell when temperatures drop to freezing. The computer can correctly decide the quantity of water to be used and how嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 8 of 17frequently the trees should be watered. Ed will find looking after his orange trees a l ot easier with the help of a computer, and we’llall have the benefits(or advantages) of computerage oranges.The passage is mainly about_______.A a farmer’s expert care for his orange treesB the different uses of computersC growing oranges in Florid a’s changeable weatherD different wayof frost protection15 RALOALTO, California—―Switching off the television may help prevent children from gettingfatter—even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise,‖ US researchers sai d lastweek.A study of 192 third and forth grades, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watchingtelevision gained nearly two pounds (0.91kg) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.―The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television view and not any other activity,‖ said Thomas Robison, a pediatrician() at Stanford University.In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’ annual meeting () in SanFrancisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one third.Children watching fewer hours of television showed a pretty smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their took part in any extra exercise.―One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuckto the television may simply have been moving around more and burningoff calories,‖ Robinson said.―Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more,‖ Robison said.The author tried to tell us in the first two paragraphs that _____A children will get fatter if they eat too muchB Children will get thinner if they eat lessC children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TVD children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV16 During the summer you should be even more careful than usual of the foods you prepare. Foods spoil faster in hot weather than in cold weather. When you are shopping , purchase frozen and refrigerated foods, don’t make long stops on your way home because frozen foods could become soft or warm. Using insulated(密封的) bags helps keep food cold until you arrive home. Mild or milk products should be refrigerated immediately. When camping or picnicking or at any time when refrigeration isn’t available, use special dry foods. Above all , if a food doesn’t seem to be normal in odor(气味) or appearance, discard (抛弃) itimmediately. Don’t taste it.What is the main idea of the passage?嘉兴英语网收集整理 Page 9 of 17A How to store frozen and refrigerated foodsB How to keep keep food from spoiling (变坏) during the summer?C How to select fresh food?D How to prepare summer food17 A new era(纪元) is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to be a basic change in the way we work. Already we are there now. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen。

2011年上海中考英语阅读理解真题及答案解析Reading comprehension(阅读理解)A. True or False(判断下列句子是否符合短文内容, 符合的用”T”表示,不符合的用”F”表示)Biggie Burger, a new fast food restaurant, will soon be opened in the town. A large group of kids and parents were holding signs shouting outside it yesterday. They were there because hey didn't want the restaurant to open. Never!“This kind of food is really bad for us!” said Diana,” It’s high in salt, fat, and sugar. it’s unhealthy and we are going to say ’no’ to it!”“Our town has been a quiet plac e. Restaurants like this bring people and also a lot of trouble to this area,” said Barbara.” And I’m afraid they will take business away form our local restaurants.”Other local people disagree .The officials believe that Biggie Burger will bring in huge amounts of money to help improve the town. And 17-year-old Sandy can’t wait for Biggie Burger to open.” I love their hamburgers and fried chicken wings! And I can get a job there.”Sandy’s dad, a cleaner, agrees,” Biggie Burger’s prices are just right for a family like ours.”Michael, who owns a toy shop next door to Biggie Burger, is excited, too.” Maybe people who come for a Biggie Burger will spend a few minutes in my store and pick up something.”The town will hole a meeting on Thursday to hear sides. Everyone is welcome to attend it. Come and voice your opinion!1. Biggie Burger was opened yesterday and many people were there.2. Diana thinks that the food in Biggie Burger is too expensive.3. Barbara is afraid that fewer people will come to the local restaurants.4. Sandy has found a job in Biggie Burger and loves food there.5. Cleaners like Sandy’s dad in the town can afford the food in Biggie Burger.6. Michael welcomes the opening of Biggie Burger.7.The town doesn’t care about people’s opinions whe n making a decision.B. Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)You probably know you should say” please” and “thank you ” at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can’t hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your cars, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn’t have it turned up too high.Take Them off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools don’t allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don’t have rules,but is would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn’t make sense to listen your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? your would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.Take One Out! Once is a while it’s okay just to take out one earp hone and not other. Imagine you are listening your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it’s not for you.It’s Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 Players when read books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.8. The underlined word “volume” in Paragraph Two probably means” _____.A) the type of music B) the amount of a soundC) the length of a song D) the colour of and MP3 player9. No one w ants to listen to _____ from others’ MP3 player.A) a loud sound B) sad storiesC) a long movie D) the words of a song10. We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music_____.A) is not enjoyable B) makes us tiredC) is bad for MP3 players D) huts our ears11. If we listen to our MP3 player at a play, _____.A) the theater won’t allow it B) the actors will get angryC) others won’t hear the play well D) we will miss part of the play12. We can take once earphone out when we _____.A) show others the way B) talk to fiends on the phoneC) watch a sporting event D) have dinner with our parents13. It’s all right to use our MPS player in _____.A) schools B) libraries C) restaurants D) museums14. What can be the best title of this passage?A) Music Lovers B) Music MannersC) MP3 Players D) MP3 EarphonesC. Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)We have always been warned of the dangers of forest fires. They cause _____ 15 _____ to a forest. They kill many plants and animals in an eco-system, which is a group of living things and their environment. But have you ever heard of a forest fire that can be _____16_____ for a forest? People start some of the fires with a special reason to actually do good to the eco-system.In fact, fires are a natural part of any eco-system. Without fires, the oldest and largest trees would stop sunlight from reaching the forest floor. Fires can_____17_____ some of these old trees. When the trees die, they provide something good for the earth. New trees can grow strong and healthy in their place.Some trees even need fires to grow. These trees hold their seeds (种子) inside. Heat from a fire allows the coat of the seeds to open up. Then the seeds fall to the ground and have the _____18____ to grow/Scientist, who know about nature’s needs, start some of these fires, called controlled burns. A fire is started and kept under control. This way, the fire does not spread out of the area or _____19_____ a after forest fires, they can go hungry _____20_____ their food has been damaged in the fire. Small, controlled fires mean than animals will not have to move far to find food. After some time, small plants begin to grow. Animals return soon after the plants return. This_____21_____ makes an eco-system.So the next time you hear about a forest fire, think about the good as well as the bad. It may take a new eco-system a while to return, but it will likely come back stronger and healthier than ever.15. A) illness B) difficulty C) damage D) flood16. A) helpful B) powerful C) harmful D) awful17. A) take the place of B) get ready for C) be bad for D) get rid of18. A) time B) water C) chance D) skill19. A) discover B) cover C) but D) waste20. A) because B) although C) but D) so21. A) almost B) again C) never D) evenD. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使其内容通顺. 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给)At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modem technology has c 22 all that.New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a cameradoes not cost m 23 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making.However, film-making is t 24 work. You probably need many other people to help you.For example, the p 25 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You don’t even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job.B 26 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 27 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you.An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film.E. Answer the questions (根据短文内容,回答下了问题)Helen Monson has always been interested in helping her community. Her first volunteer experience was for the American Red Cross when she was in high school. When she was a school teacher, she also found time to volunteer. One year, she organized a Super Saturday fun day for kids in the community. She also used to volunteer at the mint festival every year, One summer she served food, another year she organized an art programme.After she retired, she started volunteering to help the old. When her father was older, he was not able to see as well as he used to, which made her sad because he had always enjoyed reading.She decided it would be fun to read to elderly people in her community. She also helped one woman write her stories. Ann was almost 100 years old, and Helen wrote down information about her life when she visited her. She put theinformation in a book and got it published. Ann was very excited to share her life story with her children and grandchildren.After a hurricane( 飓风) destroyed some southern cities, Helen volunteered again for the American Red Cross. She prepared food and answered phones in a care centre. She says,” I have always liked the Red Cross because theorg anization helps people in need no matter what.”One day Helen read an article in the newspaper about refugees( 难民) who needed to learn English. Now, she meets once a week with Sahra, a 38-year-old woman from Somalia. Sahra is reading and writing skills. Helen gave Sahra a camera and asked her to take pictures of her daily life. She developed the pictures, and then asked Sahra questions about them. In the end, they wrote a book together and used the photos in the book. This helped Sahra learn many new words abouther everyday life.Helen says, “The most rewarding( 有益的) part of volunteer work is becoming friends with the people I help, They enrich my life as well as I enrich theirs.”29. When was Helen’s first volunteer experience for the American Red Cross?30. What did Helen do after she retired?31. Why was Ann excited when her book got published?32. Where did Helen work when she volunteered again for the American Red Cross?33. How far is Sahra living and working from Helen’s home?34. Did Helen help Sahra to learn English?35. What can you learn from Helen?。

高中英语阅读理解主旨大意与细节理解综合题40题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of a city.B. The culture of a country.C. The development of a technology.D. The importance of an event.答案：D。

本题主要考查对文章主旨的把握。

文章通篇围绕一个特定事件展开，并强调了该事件的重要性，A 选项城市历史、B 选项国家文化、C 选项技术发展并非文章重点。

2. The passage is mainly about _.A. a famous personB. a scientific discoveryC. a popular trendD. an educational system答案：B。

文章着重讲述了一项科学发现及其相关内容，A 著名人物、C 流行趋势、D 教育体系均不符合文章主旨。

3. What is the main topic of the text?A. The benefits of exercise.B. The history of art.C. The environment protection.D. The future of transportation.答案：A。

从文章内容可以看出主要在探讨运动的益处，B 艺术史、C 环境保护、D 交通的未来均不是重点。

4. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. introduce a new theoryB. explain a phenomenonC. describe a processD. compare two things答案：B。

文章的主要目的是解释一种现象，A 介绍新理论、C 描述过程、D 比较两样东西均不准确。

英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧英语阅读理解主旨大意解题技巧◆主旨大意题的分类⑴从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。

主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。

主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。

⑵从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意;②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的;③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

◆设问特点：1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。

3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。

4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词提问。

◆常考问题：1).中心思想类Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcern edwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoft hepassage?2).标题类Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…3).目的类Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…Thepassageismeantto….Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…【技巧点拨】1.寻找主题句:抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。

主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子，通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。

The intensive work of materials scientists and solid-state physicists has given rise to a class of solids known as amorphous metallic alloys or glassy metals. There is a growing interest among theoretical and applied researchers alike in the structural properties of these materials. When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the particular alloy composition. In contrast, molten nonmetallic glass-forming materials when cooled do not assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a structure somewhat like that of the liquid — an amorphous structure. At room temperature the natural long-term tendency for both types of materials is to assume the crystalline structure. The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other. Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystallines structure whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure. For glassy metals to be formed, the molten metal must be cooled extremely rapidly so that crystallization is suppressed. The structure of glassy metals is thought to be similar to that of liquid metals. One of the first attempts to model the structure of a liquid was that by the late J. D. Bernal of the University of London, who packed hard spheres into a rubber vessel in such a way as to obtain the maximum possible density. The resulting dense, random-packed structure was the basis for many attempts to model the structure of glassy metals. Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agree fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid such as alloys of palladium and silicon or alloys consisting of iron phosphors, and carbon, although small discrepancies remained. One difference between real alloys and the hard spheres area in Bernal models is that the components of an alloy have different size, so that models based on two sizes of spheres are more appropriate for a binary alloy for example. The smaller metalloid atoms of the alloys might fit into holes in the dense random-packed structure of the larger metal atoms. One of the most promising properties of glassy metals is their high strength combined with high malleability. In usual materials, one finds an inverse relation between the two properties, whereas for many practical applications simultaneous presence of both properties is desirable. One residual obstacle to practical applications that is likely to be overcome is the fact that glassy metals will crystallize at relatively low temperatures when heated slightly. 1. The author is primarily concerned with discussing [A] crystalline solids and their behavior at different temperatures. [B] molten materials and the kinetics of the formation of their crystalline structure. [C] glassy metals and their structural characteristics. [D] metallic alloys and problems in determining their density. 2. The author’s attitude toward the prospects for the economic utilization of glassy metals is one of [A] disinterest. [B] impatience. [C] optimism. [D] apprehension. 3. According to the text, which of the following determines the crystalline structure of a metallic alloy? [A] At what rate the molten alloy is cooled. [B] How rapid the rate of formation of the crystalline phase is. [C] How the different-sized atoms fit into a dense random-packed structure. [D] What the alloy consists of and in what ratios. 4. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the structure of liquid metals and the structure of glassy metals, as it is presented in the text? [A] The latter is an illustrative example of the former. [B] The latter is a large-scale version of the former. [C] The former is a structural elaboration of the latter. [D] The former is a fair approximation of the latter. 5. It can be inferred from the text that, theoretically, molten nonmetallic glasses assume a crystalline structure rather than an amorphous structure only if they are cooled [A] very evenly, regardless of the rate. [B] rapidly, followed by gentle heating. [C] very slowly. [D] to room temperature. [答案与考点解析] 1. 【答案】C 【考点解析】本题是⼀道中⼼主旨题。

英语阅读理解中主旨大意题的答题技巧一、考查方向这种综合概括类题目的一般范闱是：根本论点、文章标题、主题和段落大意，主要是测试考生阅读理解的根本能力，考查学生在语言水平上对文章的整体把握：能否分辨主题与细节：能否具有综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力。

这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：这类题目一般有以下几种提问方式：(―)中心思想类1.The main idea / general idea of the passage is。

2.The text is mainly about。

3.This passage mainly tells us。

4.What is the topic of the text？5.What does the first / second / last paragraph discuss？6.The passage (The third paragraph) deals with。

7.Which of the following best summarizes the passage？(二)标题类1.The best title / headline for the passage would be。

2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？3.What is the best title for the passage？(三)写作意图类1.What is the purpose of the passage？2.The passage is trying to。

3.The author writes this passage in order to。

4.Tlie purpose of the passage is to。

5.The passage is written for。

二、中心思想与标题之间的差异A title is an identifying name given to a book， film， play， composition or other work。