关于化合物英文命名规则课件

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

化合物英文命名

第二章化合物英文命名
§2.1无机化合物 (Inorganic compounds)
一、元素（Elements）
1 H hydrogen 2 Li lithium 3 Na sodium 4 K potassium 5 Rb rubidium 6 Cs cesium/caesium 7 Fr francium
❖ 34 ❖ 35 ❖ 36 ❖ 37 ❖ 38 ❖ 39 ❖ 40 ❖ 41 ❖ 42 ❖ 43 ❖ 44
F fluorine Cl chlorine Br bromine I iodine At astatine/astatium He helium Ne neon Ar argon Kr krypton Xe xenon Rn radon
❖ 70 Cu copper ❖ 71 Ag silver ❖ 72 Au gold ❖ 73 Zn zinc ❖ 74 Cd cadmium ❖ 75 Hg mercury
❖ La系 ❖ 76 Ce 铈 cerium ❖ 77 Sm 钐 samarium
❖ 锕系 ❖ 78 U 铀 uranium
❖ ZnS zinc sulfide （sulfur）
❖ CuO copper oxide (oxygen)
❖ 对于化学式组成的数目的表示方法，西方采用希腊文数目词头表示，对于整个原子团的数目则用表示倍数的拉丁文词头表示之.Eg：
❖ CO carbon monoxide ❖ CO2 carbon dioxide ❖ CS2 carbon disulfide ❖ N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
Ca(PCl6)2 calcium bis(hexachlorophosphate) 二（六氯络合磷酸）钙

专业英语课件 ——化合物英文命名

常见分子式及化学反应式的读法字母部分均按字母名称读出；化学反应式中的符号→，读作yields 或forms ，意即生成： A) H 2O, [eit ʃ] [tu:] [əu] B) C 6H 12O 6 → 2C 2H 5OH + 2CO 2C six H twelve O six yields two C two H five O H plus two C O two. C) NaOH → Na ++ OH -N sub a O H yields N sub a positive plus O H negative.D)1、Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.2、1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.3、 Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.4、Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.5、At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst takes place. E)Zinc treated with hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride. F)Calcium carbonate when heated produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate is heated to yield calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when it is heated.N 2+3 H 22 NH 3高温，高压催化剂Zn+2 HClZnCl 2+H 2CaCO 3CaO+CO 2Δ化合物命名1、无机物命名无机化合物英文名称的基本构词规律：◆在化合物命名时常用的英文数目词头:•mono-(1), ['mɒnəʊ]•di-(2), [dai]•tri-(3), [trai]•Tetra-(4), ['tetrə]•penta-(5), ['pentə]•hexa-(6),•hepta-(7),•Octa-(8),•nona-(9), ['nəunə]•deca-(10),•undeca-(11),•dodeca-(12)。

有机化合物的英文命名ppt课件

[ə'θɪlɪdi:n]
(CH3)2C= Isopropylidene [aɪsəʊprəʊ'pɪlədi:n] 2) 两个自由价不在同一个碳原子上也称为“亚”，但需要标出定位号。例 CH2 M ethy lene 如：
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CHCH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Ethylene Trimethylene Propy lene Tetramethylene
烷基也可以在相应的烃名前加“异”（iso-）、“仲”(sec-)、 “叔”（tert-）、“新”（neo-）等字命名。下面是一些符合条件的烷基，其系统命名和普通命名如下：
(CH3)2CH-CH2-Methylpropyl Isobutyl CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)- 1-Methylpropyl sec-Butyl (CH3)3C1,1-Dimethylethyl tert-Butyl CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2- 1,1-Dimethylpropyl tert-pentyl (CH3)3C-CH22,2-Dimethylpropyl Neopentyl
4-Vinyl-1-hepten-5-yne
5-Ethynyl-1,3,6-heptatriene
2.3 不饱和烃基的命名
不饱和烃基的命名，去e+yl，但需要标出不饱和键的位置。有些简单的不饱和烃基可用俗名。例如: CH3-CH=CH1-Propenyl
CH2=CH-CH=CH- 1,3-Butadienyl CH2=CHVinyl Ethynyl C HC CH2=CH-CH2- Allyl ['æləl] CH2=C(CH3)- Isopropenyl
-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2- Hexamethylene 3) 三个自由价在同一个碳原子上的称为次基，英文词尾为 -ylidyne。例如： C HC C H

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

(完整版)化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名一ppt课件

直链烃基取代基的命名
烯基alkenyl- alkene
Rule : omit the last letter “e” and add “yl” to the end of the name(去掉最后一个字母“e” ，加上后缀“yl”)
ethenyl 乙烯基） 1-propenyl (丙烯基) trivial names: vinyl, allyl (烯丙基)
to the end of the name(去掉最后一个字母
“e” ，加上后缀“yl”)
1-propynyl（丙炔基）, 1-pentynyl（戊炔基）
苯基பைடு நூலகம்
benzene=phene
phenyl（苯基）---benzyl （苯甲基，苄基）
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C17H36 heptadecane
C4H10 Butane C11H24 Undecane
C18H38 octadecane
C5H12 Pentane C12H26 Dodecane
C19H40 nonadecane
C6H14 Hexane C13H28 Tridecane C7H16 Heptane C14H30 Tetradecane
原则为准则，结合中文特点稍有不同.
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有机化合物的命名
不含官能团化合物 Nonfunctional Compounds

化合物英文命名规则

I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
And
“-ous”, “-ic” were also used to denote （表示） the lower and higher metallic state. 用“-ous”表示低价化合物，用“-ic” 表示高价化合物
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
5. Three elements present, such compounds are named by combining the suffix “-ate” with the name of the less electronegative of the two nonmetallic elements. And “-ite”, “-ate” are used to denote the lower and higher oxidation state of the same electronegative element. 含三种元素的化合物是通过在两种非金属元素中电负性较弱的一种之后加后缀“-ate” 来命名的。对于电负性相同的元素，用 “-ite”表示低价元素，用“-ate” 表示高价元素 NaNO3 sodium nitrate NaNO2 sodium nitrite
cuprum
symbol
Au Fe Ag Na Sn
English Latin
gold iron Silver aurum ferrum arrgentum
autimony stibium lead mercury Plumbum hydrargyrum
Sodium Natrium tin stannum

有机物中英文命名规则课件-PPT

正
(isomer) iso-
异
neo-
新
primary
伯，一级
(secondary ) sec- 仲，二级
(tertiary) tert- 叔，三级
quaternary
季，四级
CH3(CH2)3CH3
C3CHCH3
CH3
n-pentane neopentane isobutane
Terms related to the synthetic experiment
reflux; stir; azeotrope; （回流，搅拌，恒、共沸物） separation; filter; distillation; fraction;
chromatography; （分离，过滤，蒸馏，分馏，色谱） extraction; precipitate; recrystallization; （萃取，沉淀，重结晶）
Prefix----------Parent-----------Suffix
Nomenclature of parent part-----Nomenclature of alkanes and alkyl substituents
Straight-chain alkanes Straight-chain alkanes are named by counting the
Grahams (coil) Condenser
Dropping Funnel sintered
Funnel
glass Funnel
Filtering Flasks
Claisen Adapters
Three-Way Adapters
Vacuum-Distilling Adapter

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3-戊烯-1-炔 pent-3-en-1-yne（不能写成3-pentenyne-1）
iii）环烃有取代基时，将环作为母体，对取代基进行编号。如取代基较复杂，取代基内部可单独编号。
如：
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2CH CH3 ：
1-甲基-2-（3-甲基丁基）环己烷 1-methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexane
ii). 总碳数>10时（total C no. >10）：
普遍规律:
1. 一 : hen(i)-; 2. 二 : do-; 3. 三 : tri(a)-; 4. 四: tetra-; 五后来同上.
常用字头:
11: undeca, hendeca-; 12: dodeca-; 13: trideca-; 14:
CH3CH O
CH2 ：1,2-环氧丙烷，1,2-epoxypropane
O
CH2CH2CH2 ：1,3-环氧丙烷，1,3-epoxypropane
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2 O
：1,4-环氧丁烷，1,4- epoxybutane；
或：四亚甲基氧化物
tetramethylene oxide
（俗名：四氢呋喃，tetrahydrofuran（THF））
Hydrocarbons ，脂肪烃） a. Number Prefix（数字前缀）：
i). 总碳数≤10时（total C no. ≤10）：
1. 甲 : meth-; 2. 乙 : eth-; 3. 丙 : prop-; 4. 丁 : buta-; 5. 戊 : penta-; 6. 己 : hexa-; 7. 庚 : hepta-; 8. 辛 : octa-; 9. 壬 : nona-; 10. 癸 : deca-. 11. 半, 1/2: hemi-, semi-; 12. 单, 一: mono-, uni-; 13. 3/2: sesqui-; 14. 双, 两: di-, bi-, bis-.

有机物中英文命名规则 ppt课件

number of carbon atoms in the chain and adding the family suffix-ane. Thus pentane is the five-carbon alkane, and hexane is the six-carbon alkane.
An alkyl substituent (or an alkyl group) is an alkane from which a single hydrogen has been removed.
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degradation（降解）; rearrangement（重排）; replacement（置换） ;
Ground joint;
Flask (three-necked, round-bottom, conical, filter, suction, volumetric);
Condenser (air, reflux, ball, coil); distilling head (claisen); adaptor (vacuum);
(secondary ) sec- 仲，二级
(tertiary) tert- 叔，三级
quaternary
季，四级
CH3(CH2)3CH3
CH3 H3C C CH3
CH3 CH3CHCH3
CH3

有机化合物英文系统命名法ppt课件

• 醛基团处在链端，编号总是为1，可以省略。而酮羰基的位次必须标出。
• 醛命名时将烷基中的ane替换为anal。酮命名时将ane替换为anone。
CH3
CH3CH(CH3)CH2CHO 3-甲基丁醛(3-methylbutanal)
CH3CH2 C CH CH3
O
2-甲基-3-戊酮 ( 2-methyl-3-pentanone)
环戊烷 cyclopentane
13
三、烯烃的系统命名(Alkene)
• 三个普通名： • 乙烯ethylene（ethene） • 丙烯propylene（propene） • 异丁烯isobutylene（isobutene） • 烷烃以ane结尾，烯烃以ene结尾
14
系统命名
• 1 选主链(把含有双键的链作为主链)
O
C
O
C H2
CH3
H3C
CH3 O
CH3
CH C O CH CH3
苯甲酸乙酯 benzoic acid ethyl benzoate
2-甲基丙酸异丙酯 isopropyl-2-methylpropanoate
36
37
3.酰胺 –CONH-
• 由酰基和“胺”组成它的名字。若氮上有取代基，在基名称前加N标出。英文叫法是由相应酸去掉“oic acid”加上 amide
12的命名是从靠近羰基一端给主链编号ch2chchch3chch3cho23二甲基4戊烯醛23dimethyl4pentenal3甲基4己烯2酮3methyl4hexen2onemethanalacetaldehydeaceticaldehyde命名含有芳基的醛酮总是把芳基看成取代基2甲基4苯基丁醛2methyl4phenylbutanal十羧酸系统命名carboxylicacid以其为母体选含羧基的最长碳链从羧基起编号

化合物英文命名规则

名）
A. Nonfunctional Compounds B. （非功能性化合物）
1. Alkane（烷烃） Alkene (olefin)（烯烃） Alkyne （炔烃）
IUPAC names (systematic names) trivial names (popular names)
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
position of C=C)---ene
❖ trivial name: ethylene（乙烯） propylene （丙烯） butylene（丁烯）
❖ acetylene (ethyne)（乙炔） ~ Icosyne（二十炔） ---yne
❖ (give position of C=C) ❖ Methane（甲烷） ethane（乙烷） propane （丙
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
Formul a
KNO2 KNO3 RbSO3 RbSO4 CsClO
Oxidation state of less electron egative atom
+3
+5
+4
+6
+1
Name of salt
Potassium nitrite Potassium nitrate Rubidium sulfite Rubidium sulfate Cesium hypochlorite
Supplementary Information of Specialty English(专业英语补充
信息）
——Nomenclature of compounds（化合物构词法）

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

化合物的英文命名

精选课件
18
3. Bases
Base = Metal cation + hydroxide
for example:
Al(OH)3 NaOH
Aluminum hydroxide Sodium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 Co(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogen carbonate
或 Sodium精选课件bicarbonate
21
(3).Basic salts
Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion for example: Cu2(OH)2CO3 Dicopper(II) dihydroxy carbonate Bi(OH)2NO3 Bismuth(III) dihydroxy nitrate Ca(OH)Cl Calcium hydroxy chloride Mg(OH)PO4 Magnesium hydroxy phosphate
Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(I) sulfate Potassium nitrate Sodium carbonate Sodium hypochlorite
FeSO4 KMnO4
iron(II) sulfate 精选p课o件tassium permanganate 20
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7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)

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