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2021届高三英语新高考一轮复习讲义（九）听说测试（口语考试）中需要注意的的停顿和意群划分英语和汉语一样，人们在朗读或讲话时，为了生动、清楚地表达自己的意思，或作稍微短暂的呼吸换气，将意思表达完整，往往需要在语言表述的某些地方加以停顿。
讲话者不得随意乱停，若停顿的不是地方，不仅不能准确的表达意思，而且可能引出许多笑话或误会来。
譬如，汉语中人们常说的这样一则笑话：“我是××总经理”、“派来的”。
就是因为停顿上的错误，让人误解，觉得滑稽可笑。
同学们在平时的口语学习和操练中，如果缺少对意群划分的认识，就会不知该在何处停顿换气，影响口语成绩，对以后的清晰流畅交流也不利。
我们结合教学实际，应用有关理论，就意群在英语停顿中作用问题作一探讨。
【停顿pausing】英语语法规定根据阅读或讲话句子长短情况，可按意群进行停顿。
在同一意群的各个词之间不能停顿，而应一口气读完，以便整体意思不致中断，使人能完整地理解讲话人的意图和目的。
例如：I did not see Mary / at the party .Yangzi River is the longest river / in our country .A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any sound.注意：意群和意群之间并非一定要停顿，根据情况，有些可停也可不停。
例如：上例就可不停。
Ｉdid not see Mary at the party .Yangzi River is the longest river in our country .上例也可少停一次：A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any sound. 知道停顿的规则之后，但要准确地运用还必须弄清楚英语中的意群及其划分。
英语口语的意群与停顿I. 绕口令练习1.A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back the big black bug.2. This fish has a thin fin; that fish has a fat fin; this fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.思考：不注意节奏和停顿会造成哪些问题？A.按照中文的思维习惯，随心所欲把句子“大卸八块”；B.练习肺活量，一句话从头连到尾不喘气；II．如何把握英语朗读的节奏与停顿？英语句子也有自己拆分的规则。
要把握好节奏和停顿，必须了解英语的意群和停顿。
A. 意群(Sense-group)一个句子可以是一个语调组,但语调组并不等于一个句子。
小于句子的语音单位是意群。
意群是句子内部有相对完整意义的一组词。
既然有一定的意义, 就必然有表征一定意义的某种语调类型。
B. 停顿(Pause)在一个较长的句子中, 如果按意群来读, 意群之间稍加停顿, 就可以让听者听清我们语流中的意群和句子, 也可以喘一口气, 接着再说, 而且能体现出英语所特有的节奏和韵律,但是在一个意群中不可停顿。
C．停顿的方法语言虽然是一个一个音组成的, 但不是一个音一个音或一个词一个词吐出来的, 而是一组一组, 一群一群相互密切联系的意群组合。
意群之间可以由好几个单词组成, 也可以只是一个单词组成。
意群和意群之间可以有微弱的停顿（但不一定要停顿）。
为了在朗读或说话时把意群很好地联系在一起, 就需要恰当的停顿, 拖音或连读来一气呵成。
至于意群之间停顿的频率问题, 这就要看讲话或朗读的速度, 讲得慢时停顿就多些, 反之就少些。
示例：里根总统第二任就职演说词:"We must do what we know is right, and do it with all our might." (我们必须做我们知道是正确的事,而且要全力去做。
意群停顿
英语以意群的形式来表达观点和看法。
意群是意思联系紧密的短语或从句。
一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分成几个部分，每一个部分成为一个意群。
朗读时停顿时间的长短主要取决于语流中的意群和句子的语法结构。
一般来说，每个意群之后停顿的时间最短，每个逗号之后的时间稍长一点，每个句号之后停顿的时间更长，段落之间的停顿则是最长。
停顿以一个意群为最小单位，也就是说，意群直接影响了停顿。
句子意群的划分主要由以下三个因素决定：
1、意思联系的紧密程度：
一般来说，一个短语或一个简短的从句就是一个意群。
在意思联系紧密的短语或从句之后，应该有一个短暂的停顿。
停顿符号用“/”表示。
2、语速：
语速快的时候，意群可长些，这句话可以划分为一个意群；
语速慢的时候，意群可短些,这句话可以划分为两个意群。
3、句子的长度：
（1）短句可以看作一个独立的意群，在后面有一个短暂的停顿。
（2）长句一般可以划分成两个或者说两个的意群，具体原则如下：
①从句或短语放在句子开头作状语的可以划分为独立的一个意群，在其后可短暂停顿。
②作主语的一个短语或主语从句可以划分为独立的一个意群，在其后可短暂停顿。
③非限制性的同位语或定语从句可以划分为一个意群，其后可短暂停顿，但限制性的同位语或定语从句一般不能分成一个独立的意群，也不应该有停顿。
英语口语的意群与停顿I. 绕口令练习1.A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear. The big black bear bit back the big black bug.2. This fish has a thin fin; that fish has a fat fin; this fish is a fish that has a thinner fin than that fish.思考：不注意节奏和停顿会造成哪些问题？A.按照中文的思维习惯，随心所欲把句子“大卸八块”；B.练习肺活量，一句话从头连到尾不喘气；II．如何把握英语朗读的节奏与停顿？英语句子也有自己拆分的规则。
要把握好节奏和停顿，必须了解英语的意群和停顿。
A. 意群(Sense-group)一个句子可以是一个语调组,但语调组并不等于一个句子。
小于句子的语音单位是意群。
意群是句子内部有相对完整意义的一组词。
既然有一定的意义, 就必然有表征一定意义的某种语调类型。
B. 停顿(Pause)在一个较长的句子中, 如果按意群来读, 意群之间稍加停顿, 就可以让听者听清我们语流中的意群和句子, 也可以喘一口气, 接着再说, 而且能体现出英语所特有的节奏和韵律,但是在一个意群中不可停顿。
C．停顿的方法语言虽然是一个一个音组成的, 但不是一个音一个音或一个词一个词吐出来的, 而是一组一组, 一群一群相互密切联系的意群组合。
意群之间可以由好几个单词组成, 也可以只是一个单词组成。
意群和意群之间可以有微弱的停顿（但不一定要停顿）。
为了在朗读或说话时把意群很好地联系在一起, 就需要恰当的停顿, 拖音或连读来一气呵成。
至于意群之间停顿的频率问题, 这就要看讲话或朗读的速度, 讲得慢时停顿就多些, 反之就少些。
示例：里根总统第二任就职演说词:"We must do what we know is right, and do it with all our might." (我们必须做我们知道是正确的事,而且要全力去做。
Sense group and Pause（意群和停顿）Good morning, boys and girls! I’m glad to have this English class with you! This class we are going to learn a new rule of pronunciation together.Before learning, please listen to the tape. The material will be read in the tape for three times. You should listen carefully and find which time, the material is read best.OK, now we’ve finished listening to the tape. Can you tell me the differences? Lily, could you tell us the differences? (停几秒) Very good. Sit down please. Lily says, in the first time, the material is read without any pause; in the second time, the material is read with some pauses, but we can’t understand the sentence because of the pauses. In the third time, the material is read with pauses, which makes us understand it more easily. Is it right? Excellent!Next, let’s listen to the third material again. (停几秒) OK. Now we’ve finished. Let me ask you one question. Where should we pause when we are reading a sentence? Generally, we usually pause when a sense group ends and a new sense group starts. You may ask me what a sense group is. In order to make us understand the long sentence better, we need to divide it into pieces according to its structure and the meanings of the words in it. When the words of one piece has the same meaning andwe can’t separate them when we are reading it, it is called a sense group.A sense group can be a simple sentence, a clause, a phrase or a word. And after a sense group, there should be a short pause, which is usually shorter than after a sentence. Are you clear? OK.Please open your books and turn to page 89, let’s read a paragraph together. Before reading, I’ll give you 3 minutes. Your task is to find each sense group in each sentence and underline them. Now you can start!Time is up. Next, let’s read the paragraph loudly together. When we are reading it, you should check whether your thinking is correct or not. So let’s take up our red pen and begin!(朗读所给材料)Excellent! All of you have done a great job! Next, I’ll show you some sentences on the PowerPoint. Please read these sentences and try to pause by the sense group, and then read them to your deskmates. I’ll give you another 3 minutes, now start!Time is up. Tom, could you please read the first sentence for us? Tom says: XiaoMing, the English teacher, is very handsome. Very good, you’ve done a good job! Now Mary, could you read the second one? Mary says: the boy who, is in red, is playing, basketball. Can you understand Mary’s sentence? I’m sorry, Mary, please sit down and think it over. And we should read the sentence correctly like: the boy, who is in red, is playing basketball. Mary, got it? OK. How about the other students?Excellent!Next, please open your books and find a passage you are interested in from the book. Read the passage to your partners and pay attention to the places where you should pause. I’ll give you 5 minutes. Now begin.Time is up. Mike, could you please come to the platform and read your passage? (停几秒) well done. You’ve done a good job! Let’s give him a big hand! Go back to your seat, please.Now I’ll play an English drama for you. Please listen to it very carefully and after it finished, I’ll ask somebody to imitate it in the front of class. Are you ready? OK. Let’s go!Lucy and Jenny, could you come here and perform the drama together? (停几秒)Excellent! Let’s give them a big hand!Now, guys, what have we learned today? Yes, we have learned what is a sense group. The words of a sense group have the same meaning, and it can be a simple sentence, a clause, a phrase, or even a word. We also learned how to divide a long sentence by sense groups.Finally, here comes your homework. I’ll give you a passage of VOA news. You are required to listen to the news, and imitate the passage and perform it in next class. OK. That’s all for today’s class. Thank you for your cooperation! See you tomorrow!。
