Translation techniques

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翻译技巧讲解1

翻译技巧讲解1Translation TechniquesThe Passive Voice (1)被动语态Ⅰ. The Passive Voice in English-Chinese Translation英汉翻译中的被动语态⼴泛使⽤被动句型是英语的⼀⼤特点。英语中的被动句型远远多于汉语。由于被动句型的感情⾊彩少于主动句型，凡是不需要或者不⽅便以及⽆从说出动作的执⾏者，或是为了上下⽂的连贯以及使句⼦得到更好的安排时，英语都会采⽤被动句型。科技⽂献中为了避免主观上的臆断，被动句型⽤得更为普遍。在汉语中，也有被动句，通常通过“被”或“把”等词体现出来，但其使⽤范围远远⼩于英语中被动语态的使⽤范围。由于汉语拥有英语中所没有的⽆主句，因此英语中的被动句型可以译成汉语的主动句，也可以把它译成汉语的被动句，⽽且译法灵活多样。常见的译法主要有以下⼏种：

1. Conversion of the Passive Voice into the Active Voice译成汉语主动句英语中被动结构的句⼦译成汉语主动句可以有⼏种不同情况：1）原⽂中的主语在译⽂中仍作主语例1：This week, scientists of the Anthropological Survey of India told the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, that membersof the ancient tribes it visited on the Andaman and

Nicobar I slands near the earthquake’s epicenter may have been spared because theynoticed unusual behavioral changes in the birds, dolphins and lizards. (Unit 1 A)本周，印度⼈类学研究所的科学家们向澳⼤利亚墨尔本的《先驱太阳报》透露，该研究所曾⾛访过位于震中附近的安达曼-尼科巴群岛上的原始部落居民，他们很可能是因为注意到了鸟类、海豚和蜥蜴的反常⾏为⽽得以幸免于难。例2：Scientists have long tried to figure out the intricate workings of human intelligence, but the process of how a thought ischemically produced in the brain still remains a mystery. (Unit

翻译方法与原则cha

4.1.2 Choice of Word Meanings.
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Some common-used ways available to find an equivalent in the TL.
Special Techniques Employed in Translating a Word.
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Approach
Method1
Method2
Technique A
Technique B
etc.
Generally speaking, the translation techniques include the followings: 4.1 Diction （遣词用字） 4.2 Repetition （重译法） 4.3 Amplification （增译法） 4.4 Omission (减译法) 4.5 Conversion (转换法) 4.6 Inversion （词序调整法） 4.7 Negation (正说反译，反说正译法) 4.8 Change of voices (语态变换法) 4.9 Division（分译法） 4.10 Combination（合译法）
Approach: we mean that an idea or theory is being applied: that whatever the translator does, certain theoretical principles are always borne in mind. The word much more general and has the implication that whatever methods or techniques that the translator uses, he/she does not feel bound by these, but only by theory in which he/she believes. But he/she will adopt these if he/she find new and better methods or techniques which fit in with his/her approach.

汉英翻译5

Step 1 Discussion of the Assignments
The old people of today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone gets old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work.
Step 2 Translation techniques 1
A. Selection of Word Meanings
a. Select word meanings according to parts of speeches. 1. Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars. (v.) 微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力 2. The patient was connected to a television wave monitor. (n.) 病人情况通过波形监视器监视。病人情况通过波形监视器监视。监视器监视 3. He likes making chemical experiments. (v.) 他喜欢做化学实验。喜欢做化学实验。做化学实验

科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件

• Case 2: Translation of complex sentences: When translating complex sentences containing multiple subordinate clauses or long-winded expressions, it is necessary to break them down into simpler sentences or phrases for easier comprehension in the target language. For instance, the sentence "The study, which was conducted by a team of researchers from various disciplines, aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on biodiversity" can be translated as "The study, conducted by a team of researchers from different fields, aimed to assess the impact of climate change on biodiversity."
对于长句中的修饰语，可以根据中文的表达习惯调整其顺序，以使译文更加通顺和自然。
04
Translation Techniques for Scientific
English Discourse
Cultural background considerations
了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景

我们翻译技巧总结英文作文

我们翻译技巧总结英文作文English Answer:Translating Techniques。

Translating from one language to another is a complex process that requires a combination of linguistic skills and cultural knowledge. There are a number of different techniques that can be used to translate a text, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.One common translation technique is the word-for-word translation, in which the translator simply replaces each word in the original text with its equivalent in the target language. This is the most literal form of translation, and it can be useful for translating short, simple texts. However, word-for-word translations can often be awkward and unnatural, as they do not take into account the different grammar and syntax rules of the target language.Another common translation technique is the sense-for-sense translation, in which the translator attempts to convey the meaning of the original text in the target language without being overly literal. This type of translation is more complex than word-for-word translation, as it requires the translator to have a deep understandingof both the original and target languages. However, sense-for-sense translations are often more accurate and natural than word-for-word translations.In some cases, it may be necessary to use a combination of translation techniques. For example, a translator mayuse a word-for-word translation for the main body of a text, but use a sense-for-sense translation for more complex or idiomatic expressions.The choice of translation technique will depend on a number of factors, including the purpose of the translation, the difficulty of the text, and the translator's own skills and experience.In addition to the above techniques, there are a numberof other factors that can affect the quality of a translation, including:The translator's fluency in both the original and target languages。

翻译方法与原则

❖ 4.10 Combination（合译法）
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4.1 Diction （遣词用字）
❖ How many meanings can a word possibly have?
❖ Diction, the proper choice of words and phrases to express meaning, is one of the basic translation techniques. It must be based on the accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. Words do not have meaning; people have meaning for words.
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4.1 Diction （遣词用字）
4.1.1 Word Meaning: 4.1.2 Choice of Word Meanings.
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4.1.1 Word Meaning:
❖ 1. Grammatical Meaning. ❖ 2. Lexical Meaning.
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mind. The word much more general and has the
implication that whatever methods or techniques
that the translator uses, he/s, but only by theory in which

翻译的基本方法

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Listening to classical music is my cup of tea. 听古典音乐是我的一杯茶? 古典音乐我最爱听 touch and go 碰完了就走? 一触即发 at sixes and sevens 六六七七? 乱七八糟
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可在译入语中找到意思基本对等的成语就用这个成语（套译set translation） (1)Birds of a feather flock together．物以类聚。 (2)Great men are apt to have short memories．贵人多忘事。
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茅盾先生说：每种语言都有它自己的语法和语汇的使用习惯，我们不能想象把原作逐字逐句、按其本来的结构顺序机械地翻译过来的翻译方法，能够恰当地传达原作的面貌；我们也不能想象这样的译文会是纯粹的本国文学。好的翻译者一方面阅读外国文学，…—方面却以本国的语言进行思索和想象；只有这样，才能使自己的译文摆脱原文的语法和词汇的特殊性的拘束，使译文既是纯粹的祖国语言，而又忠实地传达原作的内容与风格，”这就要求译者不仅要透彻理解原作的内存，充分体会原作的风格，还要具备丰富的表达能力和扎实的中文功底。这样，才有可能把原作的内容、思想、风格在译作中忠实地体现出来。
The Prtanding (comprehension) Expressing Proof-reading ( revision)
3
Understanding
Taking the following factors into consideration: (1) Type of writing (2) Theme (3) Forms of literature (4) Style (5) Emotions (6) Context of situation, etc.

翻译技巧

Translation TechniquesLeo G. LiangQingdao Agricultural UniversityWhat makes good translationTypical translation criteria1. Exactitude2. Expressiveness3. Elegance-Elegance?啊，美國人呢，通常在談判之前呢，他們會做呢，很多，嗯，這個,資料查詢啊,做準備工作呀。

通常，美國人叫，一個，好像叫一個 project 他們就是，去，哦，收集，特別是去收集（一下）談判這家公司的背景和他這個公司呢，信譽好不好。

信譽很關鍵。

這個公司，然後，再問一下，他這個公司跟哪些單位，就(是)說,有來往。

調查他們，就是問問他們，嗯，這個公司怎麼樣跟他們合作。

然後，通過這個以後呢，然後再做決定，這個公司，是不是值得跟它做生意。

Well, before negotiating, Americans, typically, will do a lot of inquiring about certain materials to prepare for the job. Generally, Americans call it a…I believe they call it a project. They gather together for the express purpose of discussing the particular company’s background and whether their reputation is good or bad. The reputation is crucial. The next thing is to ask what other companies or organizations the company has worked with or had dealings with. These they will also look into and inquire about how this company has cooperated with them. After this, then they can make a decision about whether or not the target company is worth doing business with.A good piece 1Our journey through life can be compared to travelling through a vast and varied landscape full of all kinds of wonders, enjoyment, dangers, suffering, heartache, light and darkness, clear or cloudy skies. On our journey through life we come across many different people and other living entities, all kinds of landscapes, experiences, challenges, fearful situations, comfortable and happy situations. Sometimes things go our way and sometimes they don’t.Chinese Translation 1人生好比一次旷远的旅行，期间既有惊世奇观、风光无限，又有病痛困苦和千里阴霾。

Translation Techniques

Translation TechniquesI. Diction [选词用字]run1. The idea runs in his mind.这个念头萦绕在他的脑海里。

2. The machine runs well.机器运转良好。

3. The street runs north.大街向北延伸。

4. The news runs rapidly in the town.这个消息迅速在镇上传开了。

poor5.Cuba is indeed a poor country, but it intends to catch up.古巴的确是个穷国，但它打算迎头赶上。

6. The water is poor in oxygen.水中缺氧。

7.The Department of Justice was reluctant to bring poor cases into court.司法部不愿意将没有把握打赢官司的案子拿到法庭上。

8.The outlook for detente is poor over the short time.不大有希望在短期内缓和。

9.In my p oor opinion, you’ve made a great mistake.依鄙人之见，你已铸成大错。

10.Other media closer to the scene dismissed Carter as a poor loser.对此事比较了解的其他媒体鄙夷地认为，卡特是一个输了会发脾气的人。

11.“Poor Mexico”, an old saying goes, “so distant from God, so close to the United States.”“可怜的墨西哥，”一句老话说，“离上帝那么远，离美国却这么近。

”12. She told me that she was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on getting on the boat.她告诉我她晕船，所以总是一上船就上床睡觉。

09 Translation skills

17. 这放盐也不是一成不变的，要因人因时而变。 The quantity of salt varies with the people and the time.

18. 千千万万个像他这样的人，之所以在困难中没有对新中国失去信心，就是因为他们经历过旧社会，经历过50年代那些快乐的年头。 People like him who had suffered before liberation in 1949 a nd had lived a better life in the 50s never lost confidence in the new China during these difficult years.
移植法
直接移植：卡拉OK厅 KTV包房 BP机 CD唱片发了一份E-mail

音译
几乎所有的人名大多数地名译入语原来没有的事物，其中包括科技新词、某些商标与文化词等。 Marx 马克思 New York 纽约 radar 雷达 Dink 丁克族麻将 mahjong
5. The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. 风太大了，他感到很难站稳。 6. I want to be a man, and a man I am. 我立志做一个男子汉；我现在终于成了一个真正的男子汉。 7. The hungry boy devoured his dinner. 那个饥饿的孩子狼吞虎咽地吃完了饭。
形容词与动词的互换

1) We are always faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island country. 我们常常隐隐约约地感到这是个小小的岛国。 2) She seemed too ignorant of the ways of the world. 她好像太不懂世道常情了。 3) The old man lay all night on his sleepless bed. 老人躺在床上，彻夜未眠。

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Examples
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 A large family has its difficulties. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.
1. Repetition(重复法)
(3)为了生动重复为了生动重复
根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性.
汉语中有大量四字词组，这是汉语的一在特点。四字词组比较精炼，念起来顺口，有节奏感，在英译时要注意词汇的选择，尽量保留原文生动活泼的修辞效果。例如：
Examples
我们要分析问题，解决问题。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 Nels had it all written out nea比如英语有数的变化、有时态、语态、语气变化、有情态的变化（我们常称为三态一气），而汉语这样的变化很少，如时态，只用着、了、过就解决了。在翻译中我们要注意这些差别，把英语中的数和三态一气等体现出来。为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。
III. Introduction to the techniques of translation
Techniques of translation refer to the experience that people have accumulated in their practice of translation. They include lots of skills in translation, such as selection of word meaning, extension of word meaning, conversion of parts of speeches and sentence structures, long sentence translation, paragraph and passage translation, translation of articles of different kinds of styles, etc.
青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank.
2. Amplification(增译法 /增词法)
Amplification: It means supplying necessary
Eight Commonly-used Translation Techniques
1. repetition(重复法) 2. amplification(增译法 ) 3. omission(/省译法/减译法 ) 4. conversion(词类转移法 ) 5. inversion (词序调整法) 6. division(分译法) 7. negation(正说反译, 反说正译法) 8. the change of the voices(语态变换法)
Teaching Plan
Teaching Aims: To make students get the knowledge of translation techniques and master them in translating practicing. To make students skilled in translation. Teaching Focus: Training students’ ability in dealing with the techniques. Teaching Methods: Discussion (group work, then class work) and teacheroriented lecturing Teaching Approaches: Multi-media aided. Teaching Procedures:
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒时侯,最难将息。 (译文1） Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! （译文2） I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译）
汉语重复,英译时也重复 ,
(2)为了强调重复为了强调重复为了强调，汉语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻印象，汉译英时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。汉语原文中有词的重复，译成英语时可以保持同样的词的重复。
1. Repetition(重复法)
例如：他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了盘算。 He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 血债要用血来还。 Blood must atone for blood. 他们往往一遍又一遍反复琢磨这些密件。 They would read and re-read the secret notes.
1. Repetition(重复法)
他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。 With his tardiness, careless and appalling good temper, we had nothing to do with him. 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，（直言无隐），不藏不掖。 I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。 His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
I. Discussion of the Assignment
The old people of today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which they have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone gets old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work.
1. Repetition
I. Teaching contents 1. 根据词义或修辞需要增词 2. 根据语法需要增词 3. 重复译法 1) 为了明确重复 2) 为了强调重复 3) 为了生动重复
1. Repetition(重复法)
重复也属于增词。翻译和写作一样。本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。例如： (1)为了明确重复为了明确重复
I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。阅读使人充实，交谈使人机智，写作使人精确阅读使人渊博,交谈使人机灵,写作使人严谨. 读书使人知识渊博,言谈使人处世机敏,写作使人判断精准。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。