2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练教案(28)

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（22）Passage Twenty-three (Women and Fashions)Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so- called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man whohasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. New fashions in clothes reflect the qualities of women.. New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.[C]. The top designers seem to have the right to creating new fashion.[D]. Men have the basic quality of reliability.2. Why do the general appearance of actresses look ludicrous?[A]. Because they want their appearance in the fashion.. Because the top designers want them to follow the fashion.[C]. Because the top designers want them to make fashion.[D]. Because the top designers want them to lead the fashion.3. Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?[A]. They love new fashion. . They love new clothes.[C]. They want to look beautiful. [D]. They are too vain.4. What are fashion designers interested in?[A]. Outward appearance. . Comfort.[C]. Beauty. [D]. Durability.V ocabulary1. dated 过时的2. decree 法令，命令3. dictatorial 专制的，惟我独尊的4. arbitrary 任意的，专横的5. take exception (at) 生气，发怒6. take exception to (against) 对……提出异议7. dictates (pl) 意旨，命令，指令8. squander 浪费9. hem 褶边，折缝，镶边10. flimsy 薄的，没有价值的11. dainty 雅致的，讲究的12. fickle 易变的，轻浮的13. bully 欺负14. lay down the law （制定法律）这里指服装设计师发号施令或定出条条框框难句译注1. lay down the law 制定法律。

高考英语阅读方法系列教案第一篇高考英语阅读理解的命题特点及解题思路阅读理解是高考中占比重最大的题型，旨在考查学生语篇理解的能力。

一、阅读这个部分要想拿满分必须做到以下两点：1、时间分配要清楚，一定要限制在每篇阅读6-7分钟，不能再超了，因为再超了，其他的时间就没有了，所以把时间分配好是最重要的。

2、一定要分题型，就是如果他是细节题，就一定要上文章中去找细节，一定要找到那句话，如果没有找到那个出题点，轻易地去选往往会出错。

如果是概括题，就一定要注意文章的首段、尾段、尾段的首句。

二、阅读理解题的构成：高考的阅读理解题一般由三部分构成：原文、题目和选项(一个正确项与三个非正确项)。

阅读理解试题是通过一定的文章内容，针对高考对考生能力测试的要求设计题干和选项的，因此，考生只有弄清楚以上几者之间的相互关系才能真正解决问题。

考生要通过题干的桥梁作用，从选项中找出与原文意义完全相符的一项。

尤其是细节题，命题者比较喜欢采用同义、近义复述或重复的方法来设计阅读理解题的正确答案，即选项与原文的意思相同，只不过表达不一样罢了。

可见，阅读理解的语言解码关键在于解读试卷中不同的语言表达。

而像推理题等考查深层含义的试题主要考查考生的思维模式是否与作者写作时的思维相吻合。

实际上，作者是按照一定的思维模式去写作的，而命题者则根据作者的写作语言特点和高考测试能力的要求来设置试题的题干和选项考生要以原文语言为依据，尽可能利用文章中的有用信息，使自己的思路与作者写作时的思路相吻合。

因此，要想做好阅读理解题，必须学会合理地处理好题干、选项与原文的关系。

若题干是细节题，不妨采取以下步骤：1、确定题目关键词，也就是明确出题点。

2、查找文章对应处，寻找题目关键词的对应词(一般是同义词或近义词)，因为对应词周围就是前后测试点，找到对应词也就找到了解题的依据。

3、回到题目，逐一核对选项，挑出与出题点内容一致的选项，即答案。

对于深层理解题，由于不能直接从文章中获得答案，因此第2个步骤应该改为跳读文章，从文章诸多的信息中梳理出最有用的信息。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<24）Passage Twenty-six (Sensory Evaluation of Food>A Polish proverb claims that fish, to taste right, should three times—in water, in butter and in wine. The early efforts of the basic scientists in the food industry were directed at improving the preparation, preservation, and distribution of safe and nutritious food. Our memories of certain foodstuffs eaten during the World War II suggest that, although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell. This neglect of the sensory appeal of foods is happily becoming a thing of the past. Bow, in the book “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food,” the authors hope that it will be useful to food technologists in industry and also to others engaged in research into problem of sensory evaluation of foods. An attempt has clearly been make to collect every possible piece of information, which might be useful, more than one thousand five hundred references being quoted. As a result, the book seems at first sight to be an exhaustive and critically useful review of the literature. This it certainly is, but this is by no meansis its only achievement, for there are many suggestions for further lines of research, and the discursive passages are crisply provocative of new ideas and new ways of looking at established findings.b5E2RGbCAPOf particular interest is the weight given to the psychological aspects of perception, both objectively and subjectively. The relation between stimuli and perception is well covered, and includes a valuable discussion of the uses and disadvantages of the Weber fraction of differences. It is interesting to find that in spite of many attempts to separate and define the modalities of taste, nothing better has been achieved than the familiar classification into sweet, sour salty and bitter. Nor is there as yet any clear-cut evidence of the physiological nature of the taste stimulus. With regard to smell, systems of classification are of little value because of the extraordinary sensitivity of the nose and because the response to the stimulus is so subjective. The authors suggest that a classification based on the size, shape and electronic status of the molecule involved merits further investigation, as does the theoretical proposition that weak physical binding of the stimulant molecule to hereceptor site is a necessary part of the mechanism of stimulation.p1EanqFDPwApart from taste and smell, there are many other components of perception of the sensations from food in the mouth. The basic modalities of pain, cold, warmth and touch, together with vibration sense, discrimination and localization may all play a part, as, of course, does auditory reception of bone-conducted vibratory stimuli from the teeth when eating crisp or crunchy foods. In this connection the authors rightly point out that this type of stimulus requires much more investigation, suggesting that a start might be made by using subjects afflicted with various forms of deafness. It is well-known that extraneous noise may alter discrimination, and the attention of the authors is directed to the work of Prof. H. J. Eysenck on the “stimulus hunger”of extroverts and the “stimulus avoidance” of introverts.DXDiTa9E3d1. The reviewer uses a Polish proverb at the beginning of the article in order to RTCrpUDGiT[A]. introduce, in an interesting manner, the discussion of food.5PCzVD7HxA. show the connection between food and nationality of food.jLBHrnAILg[C]. indicate that there are various ways to prepare food.xHAQX74J0X[D]. impress upon the reader the food value of fish.LDAYtRyKfE2. The reviewers appraisal of “Principles of Sensory Evaluation of Food” is one of Zzz6ZB2Ltk[A]. mixed feelings. . indifference [C]. high praise. [D]. faint praise.dvzfvkwMI13. The writer of the article does not express the view, either directly or by implication, thatrqyn14ZNXI [A]. sharply defined classifications of taste are needed.EmxvxOtOco. more research should be done regarding the molecular constituency of food.SixE2yXPq5[C]. food values are objectively determined by an expert “smeller”.6ewMyirQFL[D]. temperature is an important factor in the value of food.kavU42VRUs4. The authors of the book suggest the use of deaf subject becausey6v3ALoS89[A]. deaf people are generally introversive.. the auditory sense is an important factor in food evaluation.M2ub6vSTnP[C]. they are more fastidious in their choice of foods.0YujCfmUCw[D]. All types of subjects should be used.Vocabulary1. preservation保鲜，保存2. sensory appeal 感官的魅力3. be provocative of 脱颖而出4. exhaustive详尽的，无遗漏的5. discursive推论的6. be provocative of 引起……争论/兴趣等的eUts8ZQVRd7. crisp有力的，有劲的8. perception感觉，知觉，直觉9. modality方式modality of taste <味）感觉到10. discrimination鉴别力11. localization地区性，定位12. merit值得……，有……价值sQsAEJkW5T13. crunchy嘎吱作响的14. extraneous外部的15. extrovert外向性格的人16. introvert内项性格的人难句译注1. although these might have been safe and nutritious, they certainly did not taste right nor were they particularly appetizing in appearance or smell.GMsIasNXkA[结构简析] in appearance or smell 应译成：色或香。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案<7）Passage Seventeen (On the President’s Program>President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.b5E2RGbCAPThe most liberal wing of the President’s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.p1EanqFDPwThe Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.DXDiTa9E3dBoth these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter ofmarkets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.RTCrpUDGiTSo the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.5PCzVD7HxA1.The focus of the President’s program is on[A] investment.economy.[C] technology.[D] tax.2.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?jLBHrnAILg[A] They want a more direct action.They want an incomes policy to check inflation.[C] They want to rebuild industry.[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.3.What is the editor’s attitude?[A] support.distaste.[C] Disapproval.[D] Compromise.4.The danger to the plan lies in[A] the two parties’ objection.different idea of the two parties about the plan.[C] its passage.[D] distortion.5.The passage is[A] a review.a preface.[C] a advertisement.[D] an editorial.Vocabulary1.reverse 逆转2.slide 滑坡3.plague 瘟疫；折磨，困扰4.tariff 关税5.decry 谴责，诋毁6.lever 杠杆；用杠杆撬动7.crux 症结8.ideologue 空想家，思想家9.intact 原封不动的，完整无损的10.investment credit 投资信贷11.research grant 研究基金难句译注1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.xHAQX74J0X【参考译文】这对扭转经济滑坡；滑到失业高，增长少和已经困扰经济达6年之久贸易赤字来说是必要的。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（23）( A competitor sabotages)New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups andforeign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders…. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?[A]. 7. . 8. [C]. 9. [D]. 102. What is the pur pose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?[A]. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.. His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.[C]. His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relativ ely low price.[D]. His purpose is to steal important data.3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?[A]. Sabotage of a university computer.. Sabotage of a hospital computer.[C]. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.[D]. Sabotage of a factory computer.4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?[A]. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.[C]. The computer can replace any weapons.[D]. The function of a computer is just like a gun.V ocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort to 求助于，借助于10. motivate 作为……的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（27）Passage Thirty-one (The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century)For a thousand years and more, the people of Europe had fought about many things, but they had been united in believing one thing: that there existed a single “Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church” of which the Bishop of Rome, under the title of the Pope, was the visible and recognizable head in succession to St. Peter. But in 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy. Others had followed him, including Henry VIII.Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbor‟s attempts to convert them. For this there was no simple, friendly solution to be reached on the principle of live-and-let-live. Each party believed that it had hold of the truth, the only truth that mattered, the one that led to eternal salvation, and its adversaries clung to falsehood which must necessarily head to eternal damnation: not only for themselves but for all who should permit them to survive and infect others with their errors. Toleration, even reasonable discussion, was impossible. God and the devil could not mix. Just as Elizabeth was to ardent Catholics that Jezebel, so to earnest Protestants the Pope was “that wolfish bloodsuc ker,” and their Catholic fellow-creatures mad dogs, toads and other such vermin to be cleansed off the face of the earth.These feelings, dangerous enough in themselves, were made more so by questions of geography and money. The Catholic countries bordering on the Mediterranean were by far the richest. From the beginning of the Middle Ages the Republic of Venice had controlled the trade routes to the East, bringing the wares carried out of Persia, China and the Indies by camel to her depots in Syria and reloading them in her high, gorgeously painted vessels for transshipment to Italy and beyond. Since the end of the fifteen century, first Portugal by sailing round Africa to India, then Spain by the discovery of America, had likewise been in a position to bring for sale to Europe all the rareand wonderful things for which Europe longed—silks and precious woods, sugar and spices, gold and silver, works of exquisite art and strange animals from peacock to tigers. In 1494, two years after Columbus‟s first voyage to America, Pope Alexander VI had divided the unexplored world beyond the seas between Spain and Portugal as reward for their enterprise and to keep them from fighting. The other countries had respected this division so long as they remained Catholic.1. The best title for this passage is[A]. The History of Europe in 16th Century.. The Religious History of Europe in 16th Century.[C]. The Causes of European Separation in 16th Century.2. What does we learn from the passage?[A]. The Pope had the supreme power in religion before reform.. The Pope had the greatest power in every thing outside religion.[C]. The Pope was the real king in Europe then.[D]. The Pope was the real ruler in Europe then.3. What did the sentence “The other countri es had respected this division so long as they remained Catholic” imply?[A]. It implied this division could not be respected long.. It implied this division would not face a challenge.[C]. It implied this division would be respected forever.[D]. It implied the power of the Pope would never decline.4. Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause to deepen the dangerous feelings?[A]. Money. . Geology. [C]. Religion. [D]. Geography.V ocabulary1. Apostolic 罗马教皇的，使徒的2. in succession to 继承，接班3. Martin Luther 马丁•路德1483——1546德国宗教改革家4. teachings 教义5. renounce 抛弃，摈弃，否认6. papacy 罗马教皇职位/制度，这里指罗马教皇7. cling to 坚持8. damnation 诅咒，永远的处罚9. bloodsucker 吸血鬼10. depot 仓库，补给站11. gorgeous 华丽的，灿烂的，辉煌的12. spice 香料13. enterprise 事业，业绩，功勋难句译注1. Thus Europe was divided in every which way, the southern and eastern two-thirds still Catholic, the northern and western one-third what was coming to be called Protestant, though English-ruled Ireland solidly Catholic and the Spanish-ruled Netherlands, particularly the northern part approximating to modern Holland, grew increasingly Protestant; while in virtually every country, whether officially Catholic or Protestant, those of the contrary faith fiercely attempted to convert their neighbors and equally fiercely resisted their neighbor‟s attempts to convert them. [结构简析] every which way. 四面八方，散乱。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so ________ his body wouldn't lose too much water.2．I think what ________ (impress) me about his painting is the colors he uses.3．Caroline doesn't have ________ gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work. 4．Arriving there was rather ________(tire)，but I managed ________(catch) a taxi to my accommodation and settle in.5．The Yellow River is the second ________(long) river in China.6．________ (deep) impressed with the sights，he decided to stay another week.7．Your house is always so neat—how do you manage ________ with three children?8．We all agreed to set out ________ dawn tomorrow morning.9．He became ________ (wealth) through hard work and careful saving.10．We should consider the students' request ________ the school library should provide more books on popular science.答案 1.that 2.impresses 3.a 4.tiring；to catch 5．longest 6.Deeply7.it8.at9.wealthy 10.thatⅡ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1．The harbor was full of soldiers with baggages.2．He asked how the distance was between Beijing and Qingdao.3．We couldn't decide whether to go to eastward or westward.4．Have you ever dreamed of there is such a good chance for further education abroad?5．I always prefer to start early，rather than leaving everything to the last minute.6．I still find it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.7．It was until then that he realized the importance of the problem.8．We had few days together last Christmas，because they spent most of their time visited friends. 9．The fact has worried many scientists when the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 10．During the Mid-Autumn Festival，it is tradition for Chinese to sit together and eat moon cakes andfruit，enjoying the full moon together.答案 1.baggages→baggage 2.how→what 3.去掉go后面的to 4.is→being 5.leaving→leave 6.terrified→terrifying7.was后加not8.visited→visiting9.when→that10.tradition前加aⅢ.单元考点作文串记(一)根据提示翻译句子1．游览加拿大一直是我们的梦想。

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英语阅读理解教案阅读一是要读得懂，二是要读得快，读而不懂不行，懂而太慢也不行，作为阅读的基本要求，如何才能帮助我们的学生们打好阅读的基础呢？下面是小编整理的英语阅读理解教案资料，欢迎大家阅读！英语阅读理解教案1一、培养正确的阅读习惯有许多孩子在长期的学习中往往形成了各种阅读习惯，如一个词一个词地读，且常伴有一些习惯动作：用手指、摆头等，这就是速读的障碍，并且可能影响到孩子一生的阅读。

有些不良的习惯会影响到他们正常的阅读，我们应注意纠正他们以下的不良方式：（1）用手指或笔指词阅读；（2）逐词阅读；（3）复读；（4）声读；（5）心译。

这些做法的结果往往是降低阅读速度，不利于把注意力集中在作者要表达的思想或传递的信息上。

应当指出，孩子在平常的阅读中都会出现个别的、有意识的复视或回视，但过分的回视则会影响阅读的速度乃至对文章有效的理解。

二、加强按意群阅读的训练按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。

它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。

试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停顿7次），（2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。

其中，（1）为逐词读，（2）为按意群读。

具体说来，读的时候我们要指导学生，不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。

2018高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（18）Passage Fourteen (Pageants)Pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.Most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. From the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. The location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities.Cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.The use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. If these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. Helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. The same can be said of the use of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlands—anything which will help to have a unifying effect. Any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. Pageants. . Costumes on the stage.[C]. Costumes for pageants. [D]. How to arrange a pageant.2. It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is[A]. money. . color. [C]. harmony [D]. texture3. Why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?[A]. Because pageants take place in daylight in the open air.. Because different characters require different costumes.[C]. Because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.[D]. Because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.4. Why do most pageants have a historical flavour?[A]. Because most pageants take place for celebration.. Many pageants take place for amusement.[C]. A lot of pageants take place for religion.[D]. Because pageants usually take place for competition.V ocabulary1. conceive 设想，想象to be conceived 设想好的，构思好的2. under the auspices of 在……的主办下3. meager 贫乏的，不足的4. mount 登上，制作，上演5. flavour 风味，风格，情趣6. archive(s) 档案（馆）7. distraction 使人分心的事8. ivy 常春藤9. mellow 柔和的10. recourse (to) 依赖，求助于11. drape 覆盖，披上12. invaluable 无价的，非常贵重的13. tunic （古时）长达膝盖的外衣，穿在盔甲上的战袍14. chenille 绳绒绒（织品）15. jumble 混乱，搞乱16. pennant 细长三角旗17. garland 花环，花冠难句译注1. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.[结构简析] 复合结构。