Users Guide XBee XBee-PRO Drop in Networking Accessories

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目录内容1简介 (6)1.1关于警示语的说明 (6)1.2符号与标志 (6)1.3预期用途 (6)1.4包装内容 (7)2安全性 (8)2.1安装警告 (8)2.2紧急警告 (8)2.3红外警告 (8)2.4癫痫警告 (8)2.5磁场警告 (8)2.6儿童安全 (8)2.7请勿拆开Tobii PCEye Go (9)2.8Gaze Interaction (9)3开始使用 (10)3.1Tobii PCEye Go安装指南 (10)3.2将Tobii PCEye Go装到您的显示器/笔记本电脑上 (10)3.3Tobii PCEye Go配置指南 (11)3.4软件更新 (13)4使用Tobii PCEye Go (14)4.1定位 (14)4.1.1跟踪箱 (14)4.1.2跟踪状态查看器 (15)4.1.2.1显示跟踪状态 (15)4.1.3定位指南 (15)4.2使用Windows Control (16)4.2.1Windows Control类型 (16)4.2.2启动和禁用Windows Control (17)4.2.3使用Gaze Selection (17)4.2.3.1Gaze Selection任务栏 (17)4.2.3.2任务按钮 (19)4.2.3.3Windows7里的功能重叠 (20)4.2.3.4Windows8里的功能重叠 (20)4.2.3.5Windows10里的功能重叠 (22)4.2.3.6在Windows8.1和Windows10中并排显示窗口/关闭应用 (24)4.2.3.6.1如何并排显示窗口/关闭应用 (24)4.2.3.6.2如何分屏并排更多应用 (26)4.2.3.7选择方法—Gaze（注视）和Switch（外置按钮） (28)4.2.3.7.1让外置按钮执行固定任务和默认左键单击/轻按 (28)4.2.3.7.2不用外置按钮而用键盘按键来激活任务 (28)4.2.3.8注视键盘 (29)4.2.3.8.1键盘任务栏 (30)4.2.3.8.2键盘任务栏的任务按钮 (31)4.2.3.8.3文字预测 (31)4.2.3.9结合基于区域键盘的Gaze Selection (32)4.2.4使用Mouse Emulation (32)4.2.4.1放置Mouse Emulation菜单 (32)4.2.4.2在Mouse Emulation模式下利用Windows Control进行点击 (32)4.2.4.3在Mouse Emulation模式下使用Windows Control进行放大 (33)4.2.4.4选择Mouse Emulation功能 (33)4.2.4.5在Mouse Emulation模式下暂停Windows Control (33)4.2.4.6在Mouse Emulation模式利用Windows Control进行滚动 (33)4.3暂停/继续Gaze Interaction (34)4.4Tobii PCEye Update Notifier (35)5Gaze Interaction设置 (36)5.1访问Gaze Interaction Settings (36)5.2校准 (37)5.2.1开始校准 (37)5.2.2中断校准 (37)5.2.3自定义活动眼 (38)5.2.4改进校准点 (39)5.2.5移除校准点 (40)5.2.6自定义校准 (40)5.2.7自定义校准区域 (41)5.3互动 (42)5.4用户配置文件 (43)5.4.1创建新的配置文件 (43)5.4.2选择当前的用户配置文件 (44)5.4.3删除配置文件 (44)5.5Windows Control (44)5.5.1自动启动 (44)5.5.2Windows Control类型 (44)5.5.2.1Gaze Selection (45)5.5.2.2Mouse Emulation (46)5.5.2.2.1鼠标控制速度 (46)5.5.2.2.2放大镜大小和缩放 (46)5.5.2.2.3自动从“鼠标右键单击”切换为“鼠标左键单击” (46)5.5.2.2.4关闭滚动功能 (46)5.5.2.2.5自定义光标 (46)5.5.2.2.6隐藏菜单 (47)5.6系统设置 (47)5.6.1系统屏幕外沿菜单 (47)5.6.2定位指南 (48)5.7系统信息 (49)5.7.1升级眼动仪固件 (49)6Gaze Selection设置 (50)6.1常规设置选项卡 (50)6.2键盘设置选项卡 (51)6.3任务栏设置选项卡 (52)6.3.1左键单击/轻敲最大化 (52)7产品保养 (53)7.1温度和湿度 (53)7.1.1一般用途 (53)7.1.2运输和储存 (53)7.2清洁 (53)7.3运送Tobii PCEye Go (53)7.4处置Tobii PCEye Go (53)附录A支持和保修 (54)附录B合规信息 (55)附录C第三方配件 (57)附录D技术规格 (58)1简介感谢您选购Tobii Technology公司的Tobii PCEye Go设备！为确保获得此产品的最佳性能，请仔细阅读本手册。

UG310: LTE-M Expansion Kit User's GuideThe LTE-M Expansion Kit is an excellent way to explore and evaluate the Digi XBee3™ LTE-M cellular module which allows you to add low-power long range wireless connectivity to your EFM32/EFR32 embedded application.The Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is an easy-to-use cellular module. The LTE-M Expansion Kit easily integrates and brings LTE-M connectivity to compatible Silicon Labs Wireless and MCU Starter Kits through the expansion header.To get started with the LTE-M Expansion Kit go to /start-efm32-xbee .LTE-M EXP BOARD FEATURES•EXP connector for interfacing Silicon Labs MCU and Wireless Starter Kits •2x10-pin socket supporting Digi XBee™and Digi XBee Pro™ through-hole modules•Digi XBee module can be powered by (W)STK supply rail or on-board DC-DC regulator•U-blox CAM-M8Q GNSS receiver supporting GPS and GLONASSSOFTWARE SUPPORT•Software examples for the EFM32GG11Starter Kit are available in Simplicity Studio™No tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n sTable of Contents1. Introduction................................32. Hardware Overview .. (4)2.1 Hardware Layout . (4)3. Connectors (5)3.1 EXP Header...............................53.1.1 Pass-through EXP Header ........................63.1.2 EXP Header Pinout ...........................63.2 Digi XBee Module Socket ..........................73.2.1 Digi XBee Module Socket Pinout ......................83.2.2 Power Supply ....... (9)4. Using the LTE-M Expansion Kit (10)4.1 Board Identification............................104.2 Digi XBee3 LTE-M Module ..........................104.3 On-Board GNSS Receiver .................. (11)5. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM (13)6. Kit Revision History (14)6.1 SLEXP8021A Revision History ..................... (14)7. Document Revision History (15)No tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s1. IntroductionThis user guide covers the usage of the Silicon Labs LTE-M EXP Board together with the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module. The LTE-M EXP Board is designed to be compatible with all Digi XBee through-hole modules offering a wide array of wireless connectivity op-tions, such as Zigbee, Wi-Fi, 3G and LTE cellular to name a few.Software examples demonstrating how to use the LTE-M Expansion Kit with the EFM32GG11 Starter Kit are available through Simplici-ty Studio™.For more information about the Digi XBee modules see https:///xbee .IntroductionNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s2. Hardware Overview2.1 Hardware LayoutThe layout of the LTE-M Expansion Kit is shown in the figure below.EXP-header for Starter KitsPower source select switchPass-through EXP-headerNot mountedDigi XBee Module ResetDigi XBee Module SocketDigi XBee Module Breakout HeaderNot mountedDigi XBee Module Breakout HeaderFigure 2.1. LTE-M Expansion Kit Hardware LayoutHardware OverviewNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si n s3. ConnectorsThis chapter gives an overview of the LTE-M Expansion Kit connectivity and power connections.EXP HeaderEXP Header (Not Mounted)(Not Mounted)(Not Mounted)Figure 3.1. LTE-M Expansion Kit Connector Layout3.1 EXP HeaderOn the left side of the LTE-M Expansion Kit, a right-angle female 20-pin EXP header is provided to allow connection to one of Silicon Labs’ MCU or Wireless Starter Kits. The EXP header on the Starter Kits follows a standard which ensures that commonly used periph-erals such as an SPI, a UART, and an I2C bus, are available on fixed locations on the connector. Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3 and 5V power rails are also available on the EXP header. For detailed information regarding the pinout to the EXP header on a specific Starter Kit, consult the accompanying kit user’s guide.The figure below shows how the Digi XBee module socket and the on-board GNSS receiver are connected to the EXP header and the peripheral functions that are available.VMCUXBEE_DINXBEE_DOUT XBEE_DIO4XBEE_RTS GNSS_RXD GNSS_TXD XBEE_PWM15V3V3GNDGNSS_TIMEPULSE XBEE_DTRGNSS_POWER_EN GNSS_VBCKP_EN XBEE_CTSXBEE_RSSI XBEE_ADC1BOARD_ID_SDA BOARD_ID_SCL Reserved (Board Identification)LTE-M EXP Board I/O PinFigure 3.2. EXP HeaderNo tR e co mme nd edf or De si g n s3.1.1 Pass-through EXP HeaderThe LTE-M Expansion Kit features a footprint for a secondary EXP header. All signals from the EXP header, including those that are not connected to any features on the LTE-M Expansion Kit are directly tied to the corresponding pins in the footprint, allowing daisy-chaining of additional EXP boards if a connector is soldered in.Pin 1 of the secondary EXP header is marked with a 1 in the silkscreen printing.3.1.2 EXP Header PinoutThe table below shows the pin assignments of the EXP header.Table 3.1. EXP Header PinoutNo tg n s3.2 Digi XBee Module SocketThe LTE-M Expansion Kit features two 1x10-pin 2mm pitch connectors for inserting a through-hole Digi XBee wireless module. There are also two unpopulated footprint for 1x10-pin 2.54mm (0.1") pitch pin headers which breaks out the signals of the Digi XBee module socket, an ASSOC status LED which indicates the wireless connection status of the Digi XBee module, and a reset button connected to the Digi XBee module's reset signal input.The pinout of the socket is illustrated in the figure below. The pinout of the unpopulated breakout headers are identical to the adjacent Digi XBee module socket connector.B E E _D I N X B E E _C T S B E E _D O U T X BE E _R T S N D B E E _V C CB E E _D I O 12X B E E _A DC 1X BE E _D I O 4B E E _P W M 1B E E _D T R B E E _R E S E T n B E E _R S S I X B E E _A D C 0X B E E _A D C 2X B E E _A D C 3X B E E _A S S O C X B E E _V R EF B E E _B KG O X B E E _O N Figure 3.3. Digi XBee Module SocketNo tR e co mme nd edf or e wDe si g n s3.2.1 Digi XBee Module Socket PinoutThe pin assignment of the Digi XBee module socket is given in the table below.Table 3.2. Digi XBee Module Socket Pin DescriptionsNo tR e co3.2.2 Power SupplyWhen connected to a Silicon Labs MCU or Wireless STK, the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module can either be powered by the VMCU rail present on the EXP header, or through a DC-DC regulator onboard the LTE-M Expansion Kit. If connected to the VMCU rail of the starter kit, the current consumption of the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module will be included in the starter kit's on-board Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM). The DC-DC regulator draws power from the 5V net, and hence, the power consumption of the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module will not be included in any AEM measurements performed by the MCU STK.A mechanical power switch on the LTE-M Expansion Kit is used to select between Low Power (AEM) mode and High Power (DC-DC)mode. When the switch is set to Low Power (AEM) mode, the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is connected to the VMCU net on the EXP header. For most MCU Starter Kits, the regulator supplying the VMCU net is capable of sourcing up to 300 mA, bearing in mind that the MCU is also powered from this net. The EFM32GG11 starter kit and the Wireless Starter Kit main board are able to source up to 800 mA on the VMCU net (provided that the kit's power source is able to supply this much current). When the switch is set to High Power (DC-DC) mode, the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is connected to the output of the DC-DC converter, which is able to source up to 2 A (again, limited by the capability of the source powering the starter kit). For applications requiring higher power than what is available from the VMCU net, the power switch should be set to High Power (DC-DC) mode.The on-board GNSS receiver is powered from the same rail as the Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module through an analog switch that can be controlled by a GPIO pin on the EXP header.The power topology is illustrated in the figure below.Figure 3.4. LTE-M Expansion Kit Power TopologyNo tR e co mDe si g n s4. Using the LTE-M Expansion KitThe Digi XBee3 LTE-M cellular module is a wireless module providing cellular connectivity using the low-power LTE-M technology.4.1 Board IdentificationThe LTE-M EXP Board and the starter kit it is connected to are automatically identified by Simplicity Studio when connected to the computer to present the correct documentation and software examples. Note however that Simplicity studio is not able to identify which Digi XBee module is inserted into the LTE-M EXP Board's Digi XBee module socket.4.2 Digi XBee3 LTE-M ModuleThe Digi XBee3 LTE-M module requires an external antenna to enable wireless connectivity. Connect the included patch antenna to the module's u.FL connector labeled 'CELL' and insert the module into the socket as shown in the figure below, before connecting the board to a Silicon Labs MCU or Wireless starter kit.The kit also includes a SIM card, which needs to be activated before being inserted into the SIM slot of the Digi XBee3 LTE-M module.Refer to the LTE-M Expansion Kit Quick Start Guide for information on how to activate the SIM card.Figure 4.1. LTE-M Expansion Kit assembled for useUsing the LTE-M Expansion KitNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s4.3 On-Board GNSS ReceiverThe LTE-M Expansion Kit is equipped with a U-Blox Cam-M8Q Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver module that allows the user to retrieve position and time information and use it in their embedded application.The U-Blox Cam-M8Q can receive signals from both the GPS and GLONASS GNSS constellations, which provides good worldwide coverage. A reasonably clear view of the sky is required to obtain signal reception, meaning the GNSS receiver will work best outdoors.Indoor operation with reduced position accuracy is possible if the receiver has a reasonably clear view of the sky through a glass win-dow, though the reliability will be unpredictable.The GNSS receiver will output the current time and position (given that a satellite fix has been aquired) as well as satellite fix status over a UART interface using either the NMEA-0183 (default) or proprietary UBX protocol. Configuration commands can be input to the receiver using the same protocols. In addition, the receiver supports input of Differential GPS (DGPS) correction data using the RTCM 10402.3 protocol.For more information about the GNSS receiver refer to the following documents:•U-Blox Cam-M8Q Datasheet•U-Blox M8 Receiver Description Including Protocol SpecificationThe figure below shows how the GNSS receiver is connected to the rest of the board. The table below describes the signals:Figure 4.2. On-Board GNSS Receiver Connection DiagramTable 4.1. GNSS Receiver Signal DescriptionsNo td ed De si g n sThe GNSS receiver can be enabled, disabled or kept in sleep mode with RAM powered and RTC running depending on the state of the GNSS_PWR_ENABLE and GNSS_VBCKP pins according to the table below:Table 4.2. GNSS Receiver Power ModesNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e w5. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOMSchematics, assembly drawings, and bill of materials (BOM) are available through Simplicity Studio when the kit documentation pack-age has been installed. They are also available from the Silicon Labs website and kit page.Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOMNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n s6. Kit Revision HistoryThe kit revision can be found printed on the kit packaging label, as outlined in the figure below.SLEXP8021A LTE-M Expansion Kit12480204218-10-15A00Figure 6.1. Kit Label6.1 SLEXP8021A Revision HistoryKit Revision HistoryNo tR e co mme nd edf or De si g n s7. Document Revision HistoryRevision 1.0October, 2018•Initial document revision.Document Revision HistoryNo tR e co mme nd edf or N e wDe si g n sSilicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701USASimplicity StudioOne-click access to MCU and wireless tools, documentation, software, source code libraries & more. Available for Windows, Mac and Linux!IoT Portfolio /IoTSW/HW/simplicityQuality/qualitySupport and CommunityDisclaimerSilicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software implementers using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and "Typical" parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice and limitation to product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the information supplied herein. This document does not imply or express copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any Life Support System without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A "Life Support System" is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons.Trademark InformationSilicon Laboratories Inc.® , Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs® and the Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, Clockbuilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, "the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, ISOmodem®, Micrium, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Simplicity Studio®, SiPHY®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress®, Zentri and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.No tR e co md edf or N e wDe si g n s。

CONTENTSIntroduction (3)About the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain Plugin (3)Quick Start (5)Components (6)The WaveSystem Toolbar (6)Interface (7)Modules and Controls (8)Controls Available in All Modules (8)TG12411 Input Module (10)TG12412 Tone Module (13)TG12413 Limiter Module (15)TG12414 Filter Module (19)TG12416 Output Module (21)Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge (23)INTRODUCTIONThank you for choosing Waves! In order to get the most out of your new Waves plugin, please take a moment to read this user guide.To install software and manage your licenses, you need to have a free Waves account. Sign up at . With a Waves account you can keep track of your products, renew your Waves Update Plan, participate in bonus programs, and keep up to date with important information.We suggest that you become familiar with the Waves Support pages: /support. There are technical articles about installation, troubleshooting, specifications, and more. Plus, you’ll find company contact information and Waves Support news.About the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain PluginAbbey Road TG Mastering Chain is a modular plugin for mastering and mixing, modeled after the original EMITG12410 Transfer Console used in all Abbey Road Studios’ mastering suites from the early ‘70s to this day.The plugin can be used for both mastering and mixing – on the master bus, on groups or on individual tracks – to lend them the distinct sound of the original console, as heard on albums from Pink Floyd’s Dark Side of the Moon to Radiohead’s OK Computer and beyond.Like the original EMI TG12410 console, the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin consists of the following modules: 1.TG12411 Input Module – handles all input tasks (phase, L/R balance, etc.)2.TG12412 Tone Module – a musical, versatile 4-band EQ with 5 filter types per band3.T G12413 Limiter Module – includes three compressor/limiter types:OriginalAggressive and ‘dirty’, precision-modeled after the unit’s original Zener diode limiter ModernPristine-sounding, with higher levels of perceived loudness; an original Waves andAbbey Road designL imitBased on the limiter mode of the console’s original Zener diode. The knee is muchharder compared to the “Original” compressor [“Original”]4.TG12414 Filter Module – includes low-pass & high-pass filters and a presence bell5.TG12416 Output Module – complete with a spreader (stereo spread enhancer)The individual modules can be re-ordered (except for the Input and Output modules which remain at the start and end of the chain) and switched on/off, letting you create differently ordered chains and a modular, customizable processing flow.The Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin also comes with the Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge component (a separate plugin), which is based on the original set of PPM, VU and phase correlation meters used by Abbey Road’sengineers in conjunction with the EMI TG12410 Transfer Console.QUICK STARTThis quick start guide suggests the basics of how to use the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin when masteringa track. To learn more about controlling the plugin and how to fine-tune its sound, in mixing as well as mastering sessions, read the “Interface and Controls” section later in this user guide.1.Insert the plugin on the master channel. (If you are using the plugin to mix rather than master, you can of courseinsert it on any individual channel or group.)e the TG12411 Input module to adjust input gain or to handle phase and balance issues (for more on how to dothis, see the TG12411 Input Module section later in this user guide). You may also want to use the module’s Tape Equalizer control for its unique sonic color.3.Open the TG Meter Bridge on any channel.4.Set the Meter bridge to read the instance you are working on.5.Adjust the input level to get a good 0VU input reading on the meter bridge. This will assure enough headroom.6.Experiment with the TG12412 Tone module to get a good frequency balance.7.When mastering a track to meet modern mastering requirements, we recommend you use the Modern mode ofthe TG12413 Limiter module, which is best suited for today’s mastering requirements.8.In the TG12413 Limiter module, experiment with the Recovery control to get the best time-constant results forthe song you are working on. 3, 4 and 5 are the ones we’ve found most suitable for mastering: 3 for more upbeat songs, 5 for slower ones.9.The key to getting a good compression sound is playing with the TG12413 Limiter module’s Ratio and Mix controls,in order to achieve the best compression balance. Try somewhere around Ratio = 30–40 and Mix = 40–50.10.In the Limiter’s expanded view, turn on the high-pass filter and find a good-sounding point anywhere between 120–200 Hz. This will make the compression better correlated to the music (as sub frequencies will tend to suffocate thecompression).e the TG12414 Filter module to clean unwanted frequency ranges and add some presence if needed.12.A/B between the unprocessed and processed signal, using the bypass control. Make sure you adjust the overalllevel of processed signal to match the unprocessed level, so the A/B comparison does not introduce gain changes which might easily throw you off.COMPONENTSThe Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin has four components:>Mono>Stereo>Live Mono>Live StereoThe Live components are optimized fo r live use, where extremely low latency and minimal CPU usage are required. The non-Live components have up-sampling at lower sample rates; the Live components remove the up-sampling in order to reduce latency. The non-Live components use very sharp linear phase FIR sidechain filters that introduce latency; the Live components use non-linear phase IIR sidechain filters to minimize both latency and CPU usage.WAVESYSTEM TOOLBARUse the bar at the top of the plugin to save and load presets, compare settings, undo and redo steps, and resize theplugin. To learn more, click the icon at the upper-right corner of the window and open the WaveSystem Guide.INTERFACEand Filter modules by dragging each to the desired location within the chain.MODULES AND CONTROLSControls Available in All ModulesThe following controls appear at the top of each module (except Output):On/OffEach of the plugin’s modules can be turned on or off by pressing this button. While off, the module does not consume any CPU power. All modules are first turned off by default. To turn each on, click on the individual module’s on/off control. (Please note that in the plugin’s Live components, turning a module off will not change CPU consumption.)Expand/CollapseExpands/collapses the module.ST/DUO/MS (Stereo component only)In the plugin’s stereo component, within each module, you can choose between three modes of processing a stereo signal: Stereo (ST), Duo, and Mid-Sides (MS).Regardless of a module’s stereo mode – ST, DUO, or MS – its output is always stereo. If needed, it will be converted into MS at the input of the next module in the chain. This allows re-ordering of the modules on the fly with no impact on thestereo processing.The collapsed view of each module shows just one control per function (e.g., frequency, gain), regardless of whether the signal is mono or stereo.The expanded view of each stereo module shows each control twice. In Stereo and Duo modes, the left and right control sections are labeled L and R. In MS mode, the labels will change to M and S, for mid and side.LinkIn the collapsed view, the left and right (or mid and side) channels are always linked: that is, both channels are controlled together, and by default, with the same values.The expanded view of each module includes a square Link button at the top. When Link is on, the controls for both sides remain linked. Switches (such as EQ type, filter on/off, SC on/off) remain linked as well: clicking a left or right switch will set both controls to the same value.To decouple the left and right (or mid and side) controls, simply turn the Link button off. This will allow you to adjust each side separately. Once L and R are re-linked, any offset between them will be maintained.Expanded Module NavigationOnce a module is expanded, you can navigate directly to the expanded view of any other module in the plugin by clicking on any of the module navigation buttons at the top.Track NameEach instance of the plugin will show the track name it is instantiated on. You can use this information to move between different meter readings on the TG Meter Bridge.Please note that some DAWs do not support track naming. When working with such DAWs, you can fill in the TrackName manually.TG12411 Input ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)InputControls the input level to the plugin.Range: -24 to +24 dB in 0.1-dB increments.Tape EqualizerApplies a filter to flatten out the frequency spectrum.Originally, in the hardware domain, this was done when playing back the track from NAB or IEC tape machines at either 7.5 or 15 ips, in order to provide the equalization required for playing NAB-equalized tape on an IEC machine and vice versa.In your digital mixes, you will not need to use this control for that historic purpose. We have decided to keep this control, however, due to its great sonic character, and you may find that it gives your tracks interesting sonic characteristics. Options:NAB-to-IEC: 7.5 ips and 15 ipsIEC-to-NAB: 15 ips and 7.5 ipsDefault: FlatPoleFlips the input phase by 180 degrees.The Stereo component includes Pole L and Pole R. Clicking on Pole L will only flip the phase for the Left channel. To flip the overall phase for both channels, you will have to expand the Input module and click on Pole R as well.Default: OffTransposeTransposes the Left and Right channels.Default: OffBalance (BAL)Changes the level relations between Left and Right channels. Moving towards the right side will increase the level on the right and decrease the level on the left, and vice versa.Range: -5 to +5 dB in 0.05-dB increments.Default: 0PhaseShifts the phase of one channel relative to the other by 90 degrees. This is good for stereo tracks that have phase correlation problems between Left and Right.Options: Stereo, L+90, R+90Default: StereoTG12412 Tone ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)The Tone module is a highly musical and versatile 4-band EQ. Each band has 5 fixed cutoff points and 5 filter shapes. FrequencyDetermines the cutoff point for each band:32, 45, 64, 91, 128 HzBand 1Band 2181, 256, 362, 512, 724 HzBand 31.02, 1.45,2.05, 2.6,3.25 kHzBand 44.1,5.8, 8.1, 11, 16 kHzGainDetermines the level for each band.Range: -10 to +10 dB in 0.05-dB increments.ShapeDetermines the filter type for each band:Low A low-shelf filterBL Blunt – a very wide bell filterMED Medium Blunt – a moderately wide bell filterSH Sharp – a very narrow bell filterHigh A high-shelf filterBand On/OffEach band has a dedicated on/off switch, so you can easily monitor the processing of each band.Band Monitoring (expanded view only)Clicking this button will allow you to solo the band and hear its filtering separately.TG12413 Limiter ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)The Limiter module lets you choose between the module’s original Zener compressor and limiter, and a modern compressor designed to meet modern mastering requirements. It is coupled with linear phase filters for super-clean filtering, and phase-coherent sidechain filters.TypeToggles between 3 modes of dynamic processing:Original The TG12413’s original Zener diode compressor.Modern VCA-based compressor, newly designed with low-level compression inmind in order to meet modern-day mastering requirements.Limit This is the limiter mode of the Zener diode. The knee is much hardercompared to the compressor [“Original”]. Please note that this is not abrick-wall limiter: transients are expected to pass.Please note: The Type selector is the only control in this module that cannot be set differently on the L and R stereo channels: for example, if the Type control is set to Modern on the L channel, it will be set to Modern on the R channel as well.RecoverySelects between six recovery times, depending on the Type you use (Original or Modern). These recovery times are very hard to put in terms of exact milliseconds. Think of them in the following terms: the higher the recovery state, the longer the attack/release time. You will need to experiment in order to hear the exact difference.Range: 1-6Default: 3Make UpUse this control to manually adjust the makeup gain of the compressed signal. The plugin does apply automatic makeup gain to the compressed signal, and for most input signals it will do a good job; but sometimes you need a minor tweakto make it perfect.Please note that the makeup gain is applied on the compressed signal only, not on the direct signal. This is importantto know when the Mix control (see below) is set to anything other than 100, meaning that your signal blends both the compressed and the direct signal.Range: -12 to +12 dBDefault: 0 dBRatioSets a ratio to the VCA input/output curve. For example, if for a certain point on the VCA curve an input of -12 dBFS will result in an output of -24 dBFS at 100 ratio, then at 50 ratio the same input of -12 dBFS will result in -18 dBFS. Range: 1–100Default: 50Sidechain Filters (SC Filters)As an original addition to the Waves Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin, we have added three linear phase filters to the dynamics sidechain of the compressor/limiter module. Linear phase filters are important to keep the phase aligned in the sidechain, so that the plugin’s attack/release will work well on phase-aligned signals.(Please note that the linear phase FIR sidechain filters are used only in the plugin’s ‘regular’ Mono and Stereo components, not in the two Live components that are optimized for live use. In the Live components, the linear phase FIR filters are replaced with non-linear phase IIR filters.)The module’s collapsed view includes a red global On/Off switch for all the sidechain filters.The sidechain filters are all off by default. Engage each by clicking the square button next to its name. Once you engage one of the sidechain filters, it will become available for you on both the collapsed and the expanded views. Clicking the global On/Off control will turn all sidechain filters off: this will help you easily monitor the addition of the sidechain filtersto the compression sound.The following sidechain filters are available in the module’s expanded view:High Pass25 Hz–1Khz; 48 dB per octaveBell100 Hz–12 kHz; -40 to +40 dB in 0.1-dB incrementsLow Pass 1 kHz–22 kHz; 48 dB per octaveC licking this button (in the expanded view) will enable you to separately monitor the sidechain, including thePlease note: In the TG12413 Limiter module, the ST/DUO/MS selection determines how the sidechain is processed: StereoLeft and right channels are summed in the sidechain. The sidechain values are the same forleft and right, so dynamic processing will apply equally to both channels.DuoLeft and right channels of the sidechain are processed separately, so dynamic processing maynot be the same for the left and right channels.MSMid and side channels of the sidechain are processed separately, so dynamic processing maynot be the same for the mid and side channels.*MixDetermines the balance between the uncompressed and the compressed signal.GRGain reduction meter.* Please note: Pro Tools allows only a mono sidechain.TG12414 Filter ModuleCollapsed View Expanded View (Stereo)The Filter module is a simple, highly musical 3-band filter with high-pass, low-pass and presence controls.High PassChoose from 4 selected HP frequencies: 40 Hz, 63 Hz, 80 Hz, 110 Hz‘Low’ functions as off.PresenceChoose from 8 fixed cutoff points of a Med Blunt bell: 0.5 khz, 0.8 kHz, 1.2 kHz, 1.8 kHz, 2.8 kHz, 4.2 kHz, 6.5 kHz, 10 kHz dB range: -10 to +10 dB in 0.1-dB increments.Low PassChoose from 5 fixed cutoff points: 20 kHz, 15 kHz, 12 kHz, 10 kHz, 8 kHz‘High’ functions as off.Spreaderthe original EMI TG12416 unit. It applies a Sum and Diff matrix to the signal and manipulates the gain relations between them to provide the stereo image wider or narrower.Range: -5 to +5 dB in 0.1-dB increments.Default: 0MonitoringThis section allows you to easily monitor the output signal in the following ways: L Monitor the Left channel only, keeping the signal on the left side of the speakersStereo The default monitoring option: regular stereo outputR Monitor the Right channel only, keeping the signal on the right side of the speakersM (Mid)Monitor the signal summed to Mid (L+R/2)Mono Monitor the signal summed to monoS (Sides)Monitor the sides, that is, the difference between L and R (L-R/2).Controls the plugin’s overall output level. Range: -24 dB to +12 dB in 0.1-dB increments. Output Fader LinkLinks Left and Right faders in a relative link.Output MeterShows a peak reading of the output level.ABBEY ROAD TG METER BRIDGEThe mastering engineers at Abbey Road Studios rely on a set of three meters when working with the EMI TG12410 Transfer Console:>PPM meter (Genesis Systems DPM 101) for metering peak levels>VU meter for metering averaged signal levels>Phase correlation meterYour copy of the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin comes with a bonus component – a separate plugin, really – which includes all three meters in one. This is the Abbey Road Meter Bridge. Using this plugin, you can easily open all three meters at once, just like Abbey Road’s engineers.We have added three metering options to the Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge:IN InputGR Gain ReductionOUT OutputConnecting the Meter Bridge with the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain PluginOne instance of the Abbey Road TG Meter Bridge can communicate with all instances of the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin, inserted on any track in the same session.If you open the Meter Bridge on a particular track, it will monitor that track by default.To meter a different track in the same session, simply select its name in the “Track Name” window of the Meter Bridge interface; you are now connected to the instance of the Abbey Road TG Mastering Chain plugin that is open on thatother track, and can meter its input, gain reduction and output.。

1.Cisco Umbrella – Security Solution∙Secure Internet Gateway∙Ransomware Protection∙DNS and IP layer enforcement∙Intelligent Proxy∙Command and control callback blocking∙Threat Intelligence∙Umbrella Packages2. Implementing Cisco Umbrella∙Cisco Umbrella Overview∙Protect Your Network∙Point Your DNS to Cisco Umbrella∙Custom Policies∙Intelligent Proxy∙Umbrella Policy Tester∙Policy Precedence3. Roaming Client∙Umbrella Roaming Client – Introduction∙Prerequisites∙Downloading and Installing∙Verifying Operation∙Policy Configuration∙Adding IP Layer Enforcement∙Status, States, and Functionality∙Virtual Appliances∙Troubleshooting∙Internal Domains4. Umbrella Roaming Security∙AnyConnect: Cisco Umbrella Roaming Security Client Administrator Guide ∙Cisco Umbrella Dashboard Configuration∙Cisco Certificate Import5. Virtual Appliance Setup Guide∙Deployment Guidelines∙Deploy the VAs∙Setup via VMWare∙Setup via Hyper-V∙Configuring Your VAs∙Local DNS Forwarding∙Reroute DNS∙Sites and Internal Networks∙Sizing6. Active Directory∙Active Directory Setup∙Set Up DNS Forwarding with Your VAs∙Active Directory Environment∙Route DNS Traffic∙Communication Flow and Troubleshooting ∙Multiple Active Directory and Umbrella Sites7. Reporting∙Reporting Basics∙Understanding Security Categories∙Scheduled Reports: Overview and Setup∙Security Overview Report∙Activity Search Report∙Security Activity Report∙Destinations Report∙Identities Report∙Cloud Services Report∙Admin Audit Log Report8. Umbrella Multi-Organization∙Cisco Umbrella Multi-Org Overview∙Centralized Settings∙Centralized Reports: Service Status∙Centralized Reports: Cloud Services。

1Getting Started GuideThis guide provides instructions for setting up wireless links and testing the XBee module’s ability to transport data over varying ranges and conditions. It covers these tasks:Connect the hardwareInstall the software and drivers Perform a range testSet up a point-to-multipoint network Explore advanced configurationsCreate a long-range wireless link in minutes!Connect the hardware as shown in the following image:XBee ® & XBee-PRO ®802.15.4 Development KitConnect the HardwareInstall the Software and DriversInstall X-CTU SoftwareX-CTU is a stand-alone tool for configuring XBee modules. It can also be used to run a rangetest.To install X-CTU:1. Download X-CTU at /xctu.2. Browse to the folder to which you saved the above install file.3. Double-click on the installer file and follow the X-CTU Setup Wizard.4. When asked if you would like to check Digi's web site for firmware updates, click Yes.5. After the firmware updates are complete, click Close. Updates may take a few minutes; pleasebe patient.6. Start X-CTU by double-clicking on the X-CTU icon on your desktop, or by selecting Start >Programs > Digi > X-CTU.Install USB DriversThe XBee USB interface board is a "plug‐and‐play" device that should be detected by the PCautomatically. If you are using Windows 7 or Vista, the USB drivers should automatically install and a notification will appear in the lower right portion of your screen indicating success orfailure. If the USB drivers fail to install, please follow the USB driver installation instructionsfound here: /support/kbase/kbaseresultdetl.jsp?id=3214.If you are using Windows 2000 or XP, download and install the driver as per the followingdirections.To install the USB driver:1. Download the driver setup file at:/support/driver/FTDI_Windows_Driver_Setup.exe.2. Double‐click on the setup file. A window will pop up during installation and automaticallyclose when the process is complete. The USB interface board may now be connected to thecomputer.2Perform Range TestRun Range Testunch the X-CTU Software: Start > Programs > Digi > X-CTU2.Under the PC Settings tab, select the PC serial COM port that will be used. The USB portswill be labeled as Digi PKG-U Serial Port Adapters and are assigned a number based on yourPC's settings.3.Verify that the baud rate and data settings match the internal settings of the radios. Thedefault settings for the radios are Baud Rate: 9600, Flow Control: HARDWARE, Data Bits:8, Parity: NONE, and Stop Bits: 1.344. Select the Range Test tab.5. (Optional) Check the RSSI checkbox to enable the Received Signal Strength Indicator. The RSSI value indicates the signal strength of the last packet that the radio received.6. Click Start to begin the range test.7. Monitor the link quality by reading the Percent section on the Range Test tab. This section displays the running percentage of good packets sent to the receiving radio and looped back to the base.8. Click Stop to end the range test.Set up a Point-to-Multipoint NetworkRF Module ConfigurationThis section requires changing some of the radio’s internal settings. One simple method forconfiguration is as follows. In the X-CTU Modem Configuration tab, click Read . Select any of the module parameters you wish to change (e.g. Address, Encryption, etc.) and type in or select the desired value. Then click Write to save the changes to non-volatile memory.This is one of several configuration methods. Refer to the product manual for more information. To restore the module back to defaults, click Restore .Point-to-Multipoint AddressingPoint-to-multipoint topologies require one base module to be configured to operate in Broadcastmode (DL= 0xFFFF). This allows the module to broadcast messages to all devices in thenetwork.Remote modules can operate either in Broadcast or Unicast mode. Unicast mode is used whenyou want to send a message directly from one module to another. To do so, you set theDestination Address High (DH) of the sender to zero and the Destination Address Low (DL) ofthe sender to match the 16-bit Source Address (MY) of the recipient. The figure below depicts atypical point-to-multipoint network that contains one base and four remotes and their associated settings.Figure 4. Point-to-Multipoint Settings5Explore Advanced ConfigurationsConfigure Remote ModulesThe XBees can also be configured "over-the-air" using X-CTU. In order to use this feature, your base device must be configured for API mode.To send “over-the-air” commands:1.Go to the Modem Configuration tab and click the Remote Configuration option at the topof the window.2.Click Open Com Port and Discover from the menu bar at the top of the Network window.A list of all of the nodes in the network will populate the screen.3.Select a particular node from the list. You can interact with it as if it was connected to the PCdirectly.4.Click Read, Write, or Restore parameters on the main X-CTU window and those changeswill occur over the air on the remote module selected in the Network window.5.Close the Network window when you have finished with remote configuration.6Change Firmware VersionThese modules can also be set up for mesh communications. In some cases, a mesh solution maybe a better option. DigiMesh TM is better for networks needing routing capabilities. Also,DigiMesh provides the option for all the radios in the network to sleep synchronously. If youwant to try mesh mode, you can simply load different firmware on your XBees.These steps can also be used to update to the latest version of point-to-multipoint firmware.X-CTU is used to load different firmware on a locally connected radio.unch X-CTU and select the corresponding COM Port.2.Set the PC settings back to default. (Baud Rate: 9600, Flow Control: HARDWARE, DataBits: 8, Parity: NONE, Stop: Bits 1)3.Click on the Modem Configuration tab.4.Select the modem type. Choose XB24-DM or XBP24-DM to convert an XBee or XBee-PRO 802.15.4 module into a DigiMesh XBee or XBee-PRO 2.4 module. Leave the modemtype as XB24 or XBP24 to just update the point to multipoint firmware.5.Choose the Function Set and firmware Version desired.6.Click the Show Defaults button. This helps to avoid out of range errors since someparameters have different limits based on the firmware type.7.Check the Always update firmware box.8.Click Write.78End-to-End ConnectivityThese XBee modules are part of a family of cohesive devices. Digi’s Drop -in Networking solutions are designed to provide end-to-end wireless connectivity to distributed electronic devices so those devices can be accessed and managed from anywhere. Specifically Digi offers RF-to-Internet gateways that allow remote monitoring and control of an RF network. For more information about Digi gateways, see /products/wireless-routers-gateways .On a larger scale, multiple gateways controlling separate RF networks can be managed through our iDigi cloud services. The image above shows a secure connection to your devices through an iDigi account. Learn more about managing your remote devices at .Contact Digi InternationalFigure 7. Point-to-Multipoint。

XBee-PRO 900embedded RF modules combine fast point-to-multipoint networking with the RF range advantages of 900MHz technology.Built upon a 156Kbps RF platform,these modules are ideal for applications requiring low latency and increased data throughput.With RF line-of-sight (LOS)distances of up to six miles with a high gain antenna,XBee-PRO 900embedded RF modules are also ideal in applications where devices are distributed over great distances.XBee ProtocolsXBee embedded RF modules are available with different protocols to suit a variety ofapplications and networking topologies.Supported protocols include IEEE 802.15.4,the ZigBee PRO Feature Set,proprietary long range,and DigiMesh™.XBee modules share a common hardware footprint and are modeled after a common software API.Once deployed into an application,OEMs can rapidly change from one protocol to another with minimal time and development risk.Drop-in Networking CompatibilityXBee embedded RF modules are compatible with Digi’s Drop-in Networking adapters,network extenders and gateways that use the same protocol.This allows OEMs to embed XBee solutions into an application and have seamless communication to other devices using USB,RS-232,RS-485,digital I/O,analog I/O,Ethernet,Wi-Fi and cellular IP with plug-and-play ease.XBee-PRO900modules deliver 900MHz extended-range end-point connectivity using a fast point-to-multipoint protocol.Features/Benefits• 1.8miles/3km RF LOS range with 2.1dB dipole antenna •6miles/10km RF LOS range with high-gain antenna •Fast 156Kbps data rate to the end node •Supports sleep modes for increased battery life •Capable of deploying the DigiMesh protocol with a simple firmware change •Over-the-air configuration •Interoperable with Digi Drop-in Networking products utilizing XBee-PRO 900technology,including device adapters and gateways •Common XBee footprint for a variety of RF modules •Multiple antenna options •Industrial temperature rating (-40ºC to +85ºC)Point-to-Multipoint Embedded RF Modules for OEMs Product DatasheetOverviewXBee-PRO ®900Central Fitness ManagementEthernetConnectPort XGateway Wireless Telco NetworkInternet/Frame Relay/VPNFitness CenterCommunication SystemWorkout InfoEquipment Health InfoEntertainmentInfoXBee-PRO Module EntertainmentServicesMaintenance IndicatorTimerPulse GaugeOdometerVibrationPower ConsumptionPort wa yFitness EquipmentCom m CoC mu Sy Sys -P R O ulee91001475A2/708©2008Digi International Inc.All rights reserved.Digi,Digi International,the Digi logo,the When Reliability Matters logo,DigiMesh,XBee and XBee-PRO are trademarks or registered trademarks of Digi International Inc.in the United States and other countries worldwide.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Digi Internationa l11001Bren Road E.Minnetonka,MN 55343U.S.A.PH:877-912-3444952-912-3444FX:952-912-4952email:*************Digi Internationa l France31rue des Poissonniers 92200Neuilly sur Seine PH:+33-1-55-61-98-98FX:+33-1-55-61-98-99www.digi.frDigi Internationa l KKNES Building South 8F 22-14Sakuragaoka-cho,Shibuya-kuTokyo 150-0031,Japan PH:+81-3-5428-0261FX:+81-3-5428-0262www.digi-intl.co.jpDigi Internationa l (HK)LimitedUnit 3206–08A,32/F ,AIA Tower183Electric Road,North Point,Hong Kong PH:+852-2833-1008FX:+DIGI SERVICE AND SUPPORT -You can purchase with confidence knowing that Digi is here to support you with expert technical support and a one-year warranty./supportDigi International ,the leader in device networking for business,develops reliable products and technologies to connect and securely manage local or remote electronic devices over the network or via the web.With over 20million ports shipped worldwide since 1985,Digi offers the highest levels of performance,flexibility and quality.Please visit for part numbers.。

XBee Radio Frequency(RF)Modems XBee-PRO SX RF ModemFeedbackTo provide feedback on this document,email your comments to*****************Include the document title and part number(XBee RF Modems User Guide,90001517C)in the subject line of your email.Hardware Front view(RS-232/RS-485variant)CAUTION!The RJ-45port is only for RS-232/RS-485connections.If you plug in any Powerover Ethernet(PoE)connection,it will damage the port.Hardware Front view(Analog/Digital I/O variant) Number FunctionRSSI LEDsRSSI LEDs indicate the amount of fade margin present in an active wireless link.Fade margin is the difference between the incoming signal strength and the modem's receiver sensitivity.3LEDs ON=Very Strong Signal(>30dB fade margin)2LEDs ON=Strong Signal(>20dB fade margin)1LED ON=Moderate Signal(>10dB fade margin)0LEDs ON=Weak Signal(<10dB fade margin)I/O and associate LEDsLEDs indicate RF modem activity as follows:Top LED(Yellow)=Serial Data OutMiddle LED(Green)=Serial Data InBottom LED(Red)=Associate Indicator(blinks when associated)USB Mini-B portThe USB Mini-B is to serve as a configuration port.Note that when the USB is plugged in,all RS-232 and RS-485communications on the RS-232/RS-485variant are disabled.DIP switchFor the RS-232/RS-485variant,these switches control the120Ωtermination for the receiving differential pairs in the RS-485mode.If the switch is in the up position,the RX termination is enabled. Switch1is for2-wire termination and Switch2is for4-wire termination.Do not enable these switches in RS-232mode.For the Analog/Digital I/O variant,these switches control pull-up outputs on pins5and6of the10-pin header.When the switch is in the up position,a10kΩpull-up to3.3V is enabled.If any other voltage besides3.3V is desired,an external pull-up is required.Do not enable these switches when digital inputs are desired.Reset and Commissioning buttonsThe top button is the Reset Button.The reset button resets,or re-boots the XBee RF Modem.The bottom button is the commissioning push button.It provides a variety of simple functions to aid in deploying devices in a network.See Commissioning Pushbutton behavior for information on how to use this.Antenna PortThe antenna port is a50ΩRF signal connector for connecting to an external antenna.The connector type is RPSMA(Reverse Polarity SMA)female.The connector has threads on the outside of a barrel and a male center conductor.Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Kit requirements Kit requirementsSystem requirementsThe software mentioned in this guide is compatible with the following operating systems:n Windows Vista or higher(32-bit or64-bit versions)n Mac OS X v10.6and higher versions(64-bit version only)n Linux with KDE or GNOME window managers(32-bit or64-bit versions)Additional requirementsThis guide assumes the use of at least two XBee RF Modems.It also assumes that you ordered twoaccessories kits along with the modems.Identify the kit contentsIf you ordered the accessories kit,it should include the following:Mini USB cablePower supplyRPSMA antennaDB9to RJ45adapterRJ45cableThis guide describes connecting and interacting with the USB and the RS-232ports on the XBee RFModem.If you want to connect to the RS-485protocol,see Interfacing protocols.Connect to the USB portIn order to properly connect the modem for this guide:Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Connect to the RS-232port1.Connect the antenna to the RPSMA connector on the XBee RF Modem.2.Plug the12V power supply into the power jack.3.Connect the mini USB cable from a PC to the USB port on the RF Modem.Connect to the RS-232portIn order to properly connect the modem for this guide:1.Connect the antenna to the RPSMA connector on the XBee RF Modem.2.Plug the12V power supply into the power jack.3.Connect the DB9to RJ45adapter to the serial port on your PC.4.Connect the RJ45cable from the adapter to the RJ45port on the RF Modem.Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Configure the device using XCTUConfigure the device using XCTUXBee Configuration and Test Utility(XCTU)is a multi-platform program that enables users to interact with Digi radio frequency(RF)devices through a graphical interface.The application includes built-in tools that make it easy to set up,configure,and test Digi RF devices.For full support of the XBee RF Modem,you must use XCTU version6.3.0or higher.For instructions on downloading and using XCTU,see the XCTU User Guide.Click Discover devices and follow the instructions.XCTU should discover the connected XBee RFModems using the provided settings.Click Add selected devices.The devices appear in the Radio Modules list.You can click a module to view and configure its individual settings.For more information on these items,see AT commands.Discover local XBee RF ModemsXCTU can discover radio modules that are connected directly to your computer.You can use thediscovery tool if you do not know the serial configuration of your XBee RF Modem,do not know the port it is connected to,or want to add multiple modules at once.1.Click the Discover radio modules button on the XCTU toolbar.The Discover radiomodules dialog box opens.4.Click Finish to initiate the discovery scan.A new dialog opens,displaying devices found and estimated time remaining.You can clickStop to halt the discovery process at any time.For example,you can stop the process if the modules you were looking for are already found.Getting started with the XBee RF Modem Configure a networkmode.list(Modembutton toGetting started with the XBee RF Modem Software libraries6.Select the DH(Destination Address High)of Modem1and type the SH of Modem2.7.Select the DL(Destination Address Low)of Modem1and type the SL of Modem2.8.Repeat steps6and7for Modem2.9.Click the Write button.This saves the settings to the modem.10.Select Serial console from the Tools drop-down menu on the main XCTU toolbar.Open aserial console for each modem.e the Console log section to type messages.Type Hello in one of the consoles.It shouldappear in the other console.This shows you have a basic network connected. Software librariesOne way to communicate with the XBee RF Modem is by using a software library.The librariesavailable for use with the XBee RF Modem include:n XBee Java libraryn XBee Python libraryThe XBee Java Library is a Java API.The package includes the XBee library,its source code and acollection of samples that help you develop Java applications to communicate with your XBeedevices.The XBee Python Library is a Python API that dramatically reduces the time to market of XBee projects developed in Python and facilitates the development of these types of applications,making it an easy process.WARNING!When operating at1W power output,observe a minimum separation distance of6ft(2m)between devices.Transmitting in close proximity of other devices can damage the device's front end.Operation Commissioning Pushbutton behaviorn Digital inputn Digital sinking driver outputThis section introduces XBee module concepts and commands.See the product manual for your XBee module for additional information.RS-232operationThe RS-232/RS-485variant of the XBee RF Modem defaults to RS-232mode.If the modem is not set to RS-232mode,set D2(DIO2/AD2)to0(default)or4.D3(DIO3/AD3)does not matter,but we recommend setting it to0(default).Set D7(DIO7/CTS)to1(CTS enabled,default).You can use the USB port to configure RS-232mode,but when it is plugged in the RS-232protocol does not function. RS-232wiring diagramsThe following diagram shows an RS-232DTE device wired to a DCE XBee RF Modem.The following diagram shows a DCE XBee RF Modem wired to a DCE RS-232device.The following diagram shows a sample wireless connection:DTE<-->DCE DCE<-->DCERS-485(2-wire)half-duplex operationTo set the RS-232/RS-485variant of the XBee RF Modem to RS-485(2-wire)half-duplex mode,set the D2and D3commands to5and the D7command to7.The USB port can be used to configure the RS-485(2-wire)mode,but while it is plugged in the RS-485(2-wire)protocol will not function.RS-485(2-wire)wiring diagramRS-485(4-wire)full-duplex operationTo set the RS-232/RS-485variant of the XBee RF Modem to RS-485(4-wire)full-duplex mode,set the D2command to5,the D3command to4,and the D7command to7.The USB port can be used to configure the RS-485(4-wire)mode,but while it is plugged in the RS-485(4-wire)protocol will not function.This mode can also communicate with RS-422devices,if desired.RS-485(4-wire)wiring diagramRS-485connection guidelinesThe RS-485/422protocol provides a solution for wired communications that can tolerate high noise and push signals over long cable lengths.RS-485/422signals can communicate as far as4000feet (1200m).RS-232signals are suitable for cable distances up to100feet(30.5m).RS-485offers multi-drop capability in which you can connect up e the RS-422protocol for point-to-point communications.To integrate the XBee RF Modem with the RS-485protocol,we suggest the following:Regulatory information FCC(United States) FCC(United States)FCC Part15Class BRadio Frequency Interface(RFI)(FCC15.105)This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class B digital devices pursuant to Part15Subpart B of the FCC rules.These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment.This equipment generates,uses,and can radiateradio frequency energy,and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual,may cause harmful interference to radio communications.However,there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception,which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on,the user isencouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:n Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.n Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.n Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.n Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Labeling requirements(FCC15.19)This device complies with Part15of FCC rules.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1)this device may not cause harmful interference,and(2)this device must accept any interferencereceived,including interference that may cause undesired operation.Modifications(FCC15.21)Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Digi may void the user’sauthority to operate this equipment.Regulatory information ISED(Innovation,Science and Economic Development Canada) ISEDCAUTION!This equipment is approved for mobile and base station transmitting devices only.Antenna(s)used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of atleast34cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with anyother antenna or transmitter.Attention Cetéquipement est approuvépour la mobile et la station base dispositifsd'émission seulement.Antenne(s)utilisépour cetémetteur doitêtre installépour fournirune distance de séparation d'au moins34cmàpartir de toutes les personnes et ne doitpasêtre situéou fonctionner en conjonction avec tout autre antenne ouémetteur.XBee RF Modems User Guide42XBee RF Modems User Guide43Troubleshooting Reset the XBee RF Modem XBee RF Modems User Guide 44Reset the XBee RF ModemIf the XBee RF Modem loses its connection to the computer,you can attempt a reset.ConditionThe XBee RF Modem loses connection to the computer.SolutionEach XBee RF Modem has a reset button.The following image shows the location of the reset button as 1,the topbutton.Press this button to reset the module.However,this will not clear any changes written to the module.You can also press the reset button to reset the COM port for the board.To reconnect the module after pressing the reset button:1.In XCTU,click the Consoles working mode button on thetoolbar .2.Click the Closebutton .3.Click the Open button to restore theconnection .。

XBee和XBee - PRO OEM RF模块的设计，以ZigBee协议内运作，支持低成本的独特需求，低功耗无线传感器网络工程。

模块只需要最小的功率，就能提供远程设备之间的数据传输的可靠性。

这两个模块内运作的ISM 2.4 GHz频段，且引脚对引脚相互兼容。

1.1 主要特点先进的网络和安全重试和确认。

DSSS（直接序列扩频）每一个序列频道，可使用超过65000个唯一的网络地址点至点，点对点，点对多点和点对点的对等拓扑支撑自行安排，自我修复和故障容错网络易于使用没有配置必要的外箱射频通信AT和API命令模式配置模块参数小尺寸广泛的命令集免费的X - CTU软件（测试和配置软件）免费及无限技术支持1.1.1. 全球认证FCC认证（美国）参见附录A [p34要求]。

系统包含的XBee / XBee-PRO射频模块继承MaxStream的认证。

ISM（工业，科学和医疗）2.4吉赫频带的ISO 9001:2000认证机构认证下制造的注册标准的XBee / XBee-PRO射频模块列表被优化用于在美国，加拿大，澳大利亚，以色列和欧洲。

1.2.描述表1-01，XBee/XBee‐PRO OEM RF 模块(简述)当在欧洲运用时：XBee - PRO RF模块必须被配置为运行在一个最大发射功率为10 dBm的输出水平。

电源输出级别设置使用PL 命令。

PL参数必须等于“0”（10 dBm）。

此外，欧洲法规规定，EIRP最高功率为12.86 dBm的（19毫瓦），对于XBee – PRO的12.11 dBm和XBee时高增益天线天线选项：指定的范围内使用时是典型的集成块（1.5 dBi的）和偶极子（2.1 dBi的）天线。

该芯片天线选项提供要素优势，它的形式，但它通常会产生更短的选择范围比带和偶极子天线发射时，在户外。

1.3.机械尺寸图1 - 01 XBee / XBee - PRO OEM RF模块的机械尺寸（天线选项未显示）The XBee and XBee‐PRO RF Modules are pin‐for‐pin compatible.XBee和XBee - 专业射频模块的引脚- 为- 引脚兼容。

X B e e Z N e t2.5射频模块用户手册翻译济南鑫银博郭雷1.概述XBee/XBee-Pro ZNet2.5 OEM(以前所说的2代与2代Pro)被设计成运行在ZigBee协议下,支持低成本,低功耗的无线传感器网络.这些模块只需要很少的电源,就提供了远程设备间可靠的数据传递.这些模块运行在ISM 2.4GHz频率下,并能兼容:XBee RS-232适配器XBee RS-232 PH(能源采集)适配器XBee RS-485适配器XBee模拟I/O适配器XBee数字I/O适配器XBee传感器适配器XBee USB适配器ConnectPort X系列网关XBee Wall 路由1.1关键词高性能,低成本l室内:300英尺(100M)l室外可视:1英里(1.6KM)l发射功率输出:100mW(20dBm)EIRP l接收敏感度:-102dBml射频速率:250Kbps 低功耗XBee Pro ZNet2.5l发射电流:295mA(@3.3V) l接收电流:45mA(@3.3V) l关机电流:<1μA@25℃先进的网络与安全性l确认与重传机制l DSSS直序扩频l每个指令序列信道拥有超过65000个独一无二的可用的网络地址l支持点对点,点对多点,对等的拓扑结构l自动路由,自动愈合以及容错Mesh网络易用性l无需配置为外在的射频通信l使用AT或API命令模式配置射频模块参数l丰富的命令组合l免费的X-CTU软件(测试和配置软件)l免费,无限的技术支持1.2技术规格室内距离133英尺(40米) 300英尺(100米) 室外可视距离400英尺(120米) 1英里(1.6千米)输出功率2毫瓦(+3dBm)增强模式启用1.25毫瓦+1dBm)增强模式禁用63毫瓦(+18dBm) 10毫瓦(+10dBm)射频数据速率250,000bps 250,000bps串口数据速率(软件调节) 1200~230,400bps(支持非标准速率) 1200~230,400bps(支持非标准速率)接收敏感度-96dBm增强模式启用-95dBm增强模式禁用-102dBm 供电电压 2.1~3.6伏 3.0~3.4伏工作电流(发射,最大功率) 40毫安(@3.3伏增强模式启用)35毫安(@3.3伏增强模式禁用)295毫安(@3.3伏)工作电流(接收) 40毫安(@3.3V增强模式启用)38毫安(@3.3V增强模式禁用)45毫安(@3.3V)空载电流(接收关闭) 15毫安15毫安关机电流<1微安@25℃<1微安@25℃运行频段ISM 2.4GHz ISM 2.4GHz尺寸 2.438厘米x 2.761厘米 2.438厘米x 3.294厘米操作温度-40~85℃(工业级) 40~85℃(工业级)天线选择鞭状,芯片式,RPMSA,UFI连接器鞭状,芯片式,RPMSA,UFI连接器网络拓扑结构点对点,点对多点,对等,网状网点对点,点对多点,对等,网状网信道数16个直序信道13个直序信道寻址选项PAN ID和地址,簇ID和端点(可选) PAN ID和地址,簇ID和端点(可选)1.3安装注意事项XBee模块被设计成针脚式(插座)的,因此与电路板连接时无需任何焊接.XBee Pro ZNet2.5开发包包括RS232和USB接口板,使用双排20针插座来连接模块.Digi建议在母版上画出模块的轮廓线,以指示模块的安装方向.1.4针脚信号针脚号名称方向描述1 VCC 电源供应2 DOUT 输出UART数据输出3 DIN/CONFIG 输入UART数据输入4 DIO12 任意数字量输入输出125 RESET 输入模块重启(重启间隔不能小于200纳秒)6 PWM0/RSSI/DIO10 任意PWM输出0/接收信号强度指示/数字量输入输出107 PWM/DIO11 任意数字量输入输出118 空9 DTR/SLEEP_RQ/DIO8 任意针脚休眠控制/数字量输入输出810 GND 接地11 DIO4 任意数字量输入输出412 CTS/DIO7 任意CTS流控/数字量输入输出713 ON/SLEEP/DIO9 输出模块工作状态指示/数字量输入输出914 空15 Associate/DIO5 任意连接指示/数字量输入输出516 RTS/DIO6 任意RTS流控/数字量输入输出617 AD3/DIO3 任意模拟量输入3/数字量输入输出318 AD2/DIO2 任意模拟量输入2/数字量输入输出219 AD1/DIO1 任意模拟量输入1/数字量输入输出120 AD0/DIO0/Commissioning Button 任意模拟量输入0/数字量输入输出0/测试按钮备注:l最小连接方式:VCC,GND,DOUT&DINl支持固件升级的最小连接方式: VCC,GND,DOUT,DIN,RTS&DTRl信号方向指的是模块指向的方向l模块的RESET包括一个30K欧的电阻器l空针脚可以不连接l针脚20可以连接一个功能测试按钮1.5电气特性XBee Pro ZNet 2.5(VCC=3.0~3.4VDC)参数条件最小典型最大单位低电压输入全输入0.2*VCC 伏高电压输入全输入0.8*VCC 伏低电压输出VCC<=2.7V 0.18*VCC 伏高电压输出VCC<=2.7V 0.82*VCC 伏输入漏电流每个针脚0.5微安微安2.射频模块操作2.1串口通信XBee ZNet 2.5 OEM射频模块通过一个逻辑异步串口与主机设备连接.通过这个串口,模块可与任何逻辑和电压兼容的UART通信;或通过一个电平转换器与任何串口设备通信(例如通过Digi的RS232或USB母板)2.1.1U A R T数据流拥有UART接口的设备可以直接连接到模块的相应针脚,如图:串行信号数据作为异步串行信号通过针脚3进入模块的UART.当没有数据传输时,信号置为高电平.每个数据字节包含一个起始位(低电平),八个数据位和一个停止位(高电平).下图模拟了串行信号通过模块时的情形.2.1.2串口缓存XBee ZNet 2.5拥有小缓存区来收集串行或射频数据.串行接收缓存区收集输入的串行字符,直到它们被处理. 串行发送缓存区收集经由射频连接的将要被发送的数据.内部数据流图解:串行接收缓存区当数据通过针脚3进入模块,它会被存贮在串行接收缓存区中,直到被处理.某些条件下,模块不允许串行接收缓存区一接收到数据就进行处理.当大量数据发送至模块时,CTS流控是防止串行接收缓存溢出所必须的.下列情况可导致串行接收缓存区溢出:1.当模块接收到连续不断的射频数据流, 串行接收缓存区中的数据未传出直到模块不再接收射频数据.2.当模块接收到一个射频数据包,它需要找到目的地或一个通向目的地的路由.数据发送完成后,如果未收到接收确认,则需重传数据包,或者它传输的是广播包.这些问题都会使串行接收缓存区数据的处理延迟.串行发送缓存区当接收到射频数据,它将被移至串行发送缓存区,送出UART.当串行发送缓存区被占满,以至于所有接收到的射频数据包都无法写入,就会丢包.下列情况可导致串行接收发送缓存区被占满而丢包:1.当射频数据的速率设置的比模块高时,模块接收数据比它发送出去的更快.2.当主机由于软件流控而阻止数据从串行发送缓存区中发出.2.1.3串口流控模块的RTS和CTS针脚可用于提供RTS和/或CTS流控.CTS流控为使主机停止发送串口数据提供指示.RTS流控允许主机给模块传达信号,使它不从UART中发出串行发送缓存区中的数据.RTS和CTS流控使用D6和D7命令开启.CTS流控当CTS流控启用(D7命令),串口接收缓存区在距溢出还有17字节时,模块的CTS信号置高,示意主机设备停止发送串口信号.当串口接收缓存区拥有34字节以上的空间时,CTS信号复原.RTS流控当RTS流控启用(D6命令),RTS信号置高会使串口发送缓存区不再通过DOUT针脚发送数据.主机设备通过RTS,避免了了串口发送缓存区被占满.当接收到一个射频数据包,而串口发送缓存区没有足够的空间时,则整个射频数据包会被丢弃.2.1.4串口协议XBee模块支持透传模式和API(应用程序接口)模式.透传操作当运行在透传模式下,模块就像被一根串口线所代替.所有来自DIN针脚接收的UART数据将列队通过射频传输.当接收到射频数据,它们通过DOUT针脚送出.模块的参数设置为使用AT命令.数据被缓冲在串口接收缓存区,直到下一个数据的打包和传输:1.无串行字符的接收的时间多少取决于RO(分包超时)参数.当RO=0时,一收到字符就立即进行分包.2.最大字符数适应接收到的射频包(74字节).3.接收到命令模式顺序(GT+CC+GT)后,任何串口接收缓冲区内的字符将被继续缓冲,直到命令发送完毕.射频模块的固件支持下列透传模式:1.0xx(协调器)和1.2xx(路由/终端)API操作API操作是透传操作的一种替代方式.模块的联网能力可以通过基于帧架构的API进行扩展,从而与主机的应用程序互动.在API模式下,所以进出模块的数据都被包含在帧内,它的运行与事件定义在模块之内.发送数据帧(通过针脚3接收的)包括:l射频发送数据帧l命令帧(类似于AT命令)接收数据帧(通过针脚2发送的)包括:l射频接收数据帧l命令响应l事件通知,如重启,联机,脱机等等.API提供了一种在主机应用层进行模块配置与数据路由选择的方式.主机的应用程序可以发送包含了地址与载荷空间的数据帧,以替代使用命令模式来修改地址.模块发送包含状态的数据帧给应用程序,既包括接收到的源,也包括接收到的载荷空间.选择API可以实现下列操作:Ø发送数据给多个目的地而不需要进入命令模式Ø接收每个射频包的发送情况(成功或失败)射频模块的固件支持下列API模式:1.1xx(协调器)和1.3xx(路由/终端)2.2工作模式2.2.1空闲模式当无发送或接收数据时,射频模块处于空闲模式.在这个模式下,模块仍然检查有效的射频数据.模块在下列情况时会转换到其他模式:l发送模式(串口接收缓冲区内的数据等待被封包)l接收模式(天线接收到有效的射频数据)l睡眠模式(仅终端)l命令模式(命令模式序列发布)2.2.2发送模式当串行数据被接收到,准备进行分包,模块会退出空闲模式,试图发送数据.目的地址决定了哪个节点会接收到数据.在发送数据之前,模块要先保证一个16位的网络地址和到达目标节点的路由已经建立.如果这个16位的目的网络地址未知,会进行网络地址搜索.如果路由未知,会进行路由搜索,以建立一个通往目标节点的路由.如果未找到与模块匹配的网络地址,这个包会被丢弃.一旦确立了路由,数据就会被传出.如果建立路由的搜索失败,这个包同样会被丢弃.当数据从一个节点传递到另一个节点,会发送一个网络级的确认包,沿着已经建立的路由传回源节点.这个确认包告诉源节点,数据已经成功的被目标节点接收.如果未收到网络确认,则源节点会进行数据重传.可能在罕见的情况下,目标节点接收到了数据包,但是源节点未收到网络确认.这种情况下,源节点的重传数据,会导致目标多次接收到同样的数据包.XBee ZNet2.5不能过滤出相同的数据包.应用程序中应包含这种争论的处理规则.2.2.3接收模式当接收到一个有效的射频数据包,它就会被转移到串口发送缓冲区.2.2.4命令模式为了更改或读取模块参数,模块必须进入命令模式——一个把输入的串行字符解读为命令的模式.命令模式进入命令模式:发送连续3个”+++”字符,并注意在字符的开始和结束之间要遵循保护时间.默认的AT命令模式序列(为了向命令模式过渡):l一秒[GT(保护时间)参数=0x3E8]无字符传出l一秒[CC(命令字符序列)参数=0x2B]内输入三个加号l一秒[GT(保护时间)参数=0x3E8]无字符传出一旦AT命令模式序列发出,模块会从DOUT针脚发出一个”OK\r”.如果模块尚未发送完接收到的串行数据,这个”OK\r”会被延迟.当进入命令模式以后,命令模式计时器开启(CT命令),模块被允许从DIN针脚接收AT命令.所有序列内的参数值都可被修改.备注:进入AT命令模式失败最大的可能是由于波特率不匹配.默认情况下,BD(波特率)参数=3(9600bps)发送AT命令发送AT命令和参数要遵循下面的语法:读取模块寄存器内的参数值,忽略参数段这个示例改变了模块的目的地址(Low)为”0x1F”.新命令保存在非易失性存储器(长周期)里,随后发送WR( Write)命令.为了使修改后的参数在模块重启后仍能保持,必须使用WR(Write)命令写入到非易失性存储器中.否侧模块在重启后,参数会恢复到先前的值.命令响应当命令送达模块,它会分析并执行命令.成功执行命令之后,模块返回一个”OK”的消息.如果执行时候出错,则返回一个”ERROR”消息.应用更改命令任何通过AT命令进行的更改,在它应用之前不会生效.例如,发送BD命令改变波特率,在它应用之前并不会改变实际的波特率.更改的应用有以下两种办法:l发出AC(应用更改)命令l退出AT命令模式退出AT命令模式:1.发送ATCN(退出命令模式)命令,回车.或2.在CT(命令模式超时)命令指定的时间内接收不到有效的AT命令,模块自动返回到空闲模式2.2.5休眠模式休眠模式允许模块在不工作时进入一个低功耗的状态.XBee ZNet 2.5射频模块支持针脚休眠(根据针脚信号变化休眠)和周期休眠(模块在设定好的时间内休眠)3.Z i g B e e网络3.1Z i g B e e网络架构ZigBee网络被称为个人区域网(PAN).每个网络包含一个10位的标识符,叫PAN ID.ZigBee定义了三种不同的设备角色——协调器,路由,和终端.一个典型的网络如下:协调器(Coordinator)——负责选择信道和PAN ID. 协调器启动一个新的PAN.启动之后, 协调器允许路由,和终端连接到PAN中.它可以发送和接收射频数据,也可以参与网络的数据路由. 协调器不能使用电池供电,因为它是允许连接设备和/或路由数据所必须的,应使用电源供电.路由(Router)——路由在运行前必须连接到一个ZigBee PAN中.连接到PAN之后, 路由允许其他路由和终端连接到其中. 路由同样可以发送和接收射频数据,也可以通过网络路由数据包. 路由允许连接设备和参与路由数据,因此它不能休眠, 应使用电源供电.终端(End Device)——同路由一样, 终端必须连接到一个ZigBee PAN.但是终端不能允许其他设备连接PAN,也不能参与网络的数据路由. 终端可以发送和接收射频数据. 终端可以被设计成电池供电的设备.因为终端可以休眠,所以协调器或路由必须收集所有发往终端的数据,并在终端唤醒和能接收之前缓冲数据. 协调器或路由允许终端连接和代表终端处理射频数据,被称为终端的父级. 终端被认为是它们的子级.3.2Z i g B e e P A N当协调器选择了一个信道和PAN ID,ZigBee网络就成型了. 协调器启动PAN之后, 路由和终端就可以连接至其中. PAN ID在协调器启动网络的时候就已经选择好. 路由和终端连接PAN之后,就成为了它的一部分(继承了协调器的PAN ID).ZigBee支持网络的Mesh路由,允许数据穿越多个节点(跳),以抵达目标节点,这能使ZigBee节点覆盖一大片区域,并能支持网络中设备的通信.所有ZigBee网络中的设备,在加入之后都会获得一个16位的网络地址.协调器的网络地址总是0.3.2.1启动一个P A N当协调器负责启动一个ZigBee网络,所有的ZigBee网络单元都具有协调器的初始值.为了启动一个新的PAN, 协调器执行一系列的扫描,以发现不同信道之间的活动射频信号水平(能量扫描),及搜索附近运作的PAN(PAN扫描).能量扫描当协调器启动,它会在不同的信道(频段)执行能量扫描,以检测各个信道的信号水平.检测到拥挤的信道后,它就将其从可用信道列表中去掉.执行能量扫描可以使协调器在启动时避免选择了拥挤的信道.PAN扫描当能量扫描完毕, 协调器扫描剩余安静的信道中的其他PAN. 协调器首先发出一个广播,标记为一跳的请求.任何附近的协调器或路由会发送一个信标帧给它,来响应这个请求. 这个信标帧包含这个PAN的标识符(PAN ID),无论设备是否被允许连接.(PAN扫描一般也叫活动扫描或信标扫描)一旦协调器完成了能量扫描和PAN扫描,它会分析所接收到的信标,试图用一个未使用的PAN ID和信道来启动. 协调器启动PAN之后, 路由和终端于是就可以加入了. 协调器保留信道和PAN ID属性,来应对电源开关循环和重启.3.3连接到一个P A N路由和终端必须搜寻和连接一个PAN.它们首先发起一个PAN扫描,如同协调器所做的那样.从PAN扫描中,它们接收到附近ZigBee设备返回的信标列表.它们分析这个列表,并选择一个有效的ZigBee网络来连接.路由和终端可被配置为连接任何ZigBee PAN,或者只依据一个确定的PAN ID连接.然而,这仍然需要协调器或路由的许可.一旦正在进行连接的设备(路由或终端)找到了一个允许它连接的,运行在有效Zigbee网内的设备,它会发送一个连接请求给这个设备,来尝试连接.3.3.1连接许可协调器和路由都能准许新的路由和终端的连接. 协调器或路由是否允许新设备连接,取决于两点:l它的连接许可属性(如果连接被允许)l它已有的终端子设备号连接许可属性协调器和路由都有一个连接许可属性. 协调器和连接的路由中的这个属性,可以被设置为总是允许连接,短时间的连接,或者禁止连接.为了使一个新的设备连接网络,周围设备的这个属性必须被设置为允许连接.终端子设备既然终端可以依赖协调器或路由实现对射频数据包的缓冲,那么协调器和路由就要给它一个有限的终端子设备号.一旦这个编号的终端连接了一个协调器或路由,它就不再允许其他设备的连接.3.3.2安全如果安全被启用, 协调器会启用一个128位的AES加密.只有具备相同密钥的设备才能在PAN上通信. 路由和终端要加入,必须获得当前的密钥.密钥有两种获得方法: l预安装l连接的时候通过无线接收密钥3.4Z i g B e e网络通信ZigBee支持设备寻址与应用层寻址. 设备寻址指定了包将发往的目的设备地址. 应用层寻址指明了一个特殊的接收程序.通常所说的ZigBee终端,与一个消息类型字段被一起称为一个Cluster ID(簇ID).3.4.1Z i g B e e设备寻址建立在802.15.4协议之上的ZigBee协议指定了两种地址:l16位网络地址l64位地址16位网络地址当一个节点连接后,16位网络地址就被分配给它了.网络中每个节点的地址都是独一无二的.然而网络地址不是静态的,它可以被改变.下面两种情况会使节点改变地址:1.如果一个终端无法与它的上一级通信,而不得不离开并寻找一个新上级.2.如果设备的角色从终端变为路由,或者反之,它会离开网络并以新身份连接.ZigBee需要数据被发往的目的设备的16位网络地址.这就需要在发送数据之前先找到16位网络地址.64位网络地址每个节点包含一个独一无二的64位网络地址. 64位网络地址是永久的,可以用它找出一个特定节点.3.4.2Z i g B e e应用层寻址ZigBee应用层定义了端点和簇标识符(Cluster ID),用来表示设备上单独的服务或应用程序.每个端点就是ZigBee设备上的一个特定任务或应用程序,类似于一个TCP端口.每个ZigBee 设备能支持一个或更多的端点. Cluster ID定义了设备上的一个特定函数或动作.ZigBee家庭照明控制的Cluster ID包含了一些例如”开灯”,”关灯”,”微光”这样的动作.假设使用单独的无线指令控制一盏灯光调节器,同时一盏或多盏灯开关.调节器和开关会被分配给不同的端点值.为了发送消息给调节器,远程无线端发送一个无线消息给调节器的那个端点.在这个例子中, Cluster ID可以支持”开灯”,”关灯”或”微光”.因此,设备A为了关闭设备B 的一盏灯,设备A会发送灯光开关端点给设备B,使用”关灯”这个Cluster ID.如下图所示.3.3.4数据传输与路由所有数据包都被设备和应用层寻址字段进行了编址.数据可以被广播或者单播.广播广播传输在ZigBee协议中被设计为遍及整个网络,每个节点都能接收到.为了达到这个目的,所有接收到广播的设备会重传数据包三次.每个节点在发送广播时,会在局部的广播表上登记.这个登记被用来记录每个被接收到的广播包,以确保数据包不会被无穷尽的传输下去.每个登记被保持8秒.广播表能保存8个记录.为了能够广播,ZigBee协议栈需要保留一个数据包副本的缓冲空间.这个副本用来在需要时重传数据包.大的广播包需要更多的缓冲空间.因为广播需要网络中的每个设备都进行重传,请尽量少用广播.单播ZigBee的单播传输总是需要目标设备的16位网络地址.然而,只有设备的64位网络地址是永久的, 16位网络地址会改变.因此ZigBee设备需要搜索网络地址来识别当前的16位网络地址是否符合已知的64位网络地址,及使用路由搜索来建立一个路由.网络地址搜索传输的数据总是需要发往目标设备的16位网络地址.然而,64位地址是独一无二和被熟知的,ZigBee设备在传输数据前必须找到加入时分配给特定设备的网络地址.为了实现这个目的,设备发送一个遍及网络的网络地址搜索的广播包.这个包里包含需要发送数据的发起者的64位网络地址.设备接收到广播包后,检视广播包中的64位网络地址是否符合自己的64位网络地址.如果地址符合,设备发送一个响应数据包给发起者.当接收到响应数据包,发起者就开始传输数据了.路由搜索ZigBee使用Mesh路由选择来建立一个源设备与目标设备之间的路由. Mesh路由选择允许数据包穿越网络内的多个节点(跳),来实现源到目标的路由. 协调器和路由使用一个叫路由搜索的过程来建立一条源到目标的路径. 路由搜索的过程是基于AODV(无线自组网按需平面距离矢量路由)协议的.AODV(无线自组网按需平面距离矢量路由)路由算法要完成AODV协议下的路由选择,每个节点需要存储下一跳(源节点和目标节点之间的中介节点)到目标节点的一个表.如果下一跳未知,必须进行路由搜索以找到一个路径.因为路由只能存储有限数量的路径,路由搜索经常性的发生在一些拥有许多不同节点的大型网络内.目标地址下一跳地址R3 路由6 协调器C 路由6 路由5R5 路由6 路由6当一个源节点必须找到一条通往目标节点的路径时,它发送一个广播路由请求命令. 路由请求命令包含源地址,目标地址和路径消耗(一种测量路由质量的标准).当路由请求命令穿过网络时(涉及广播传输),每个节点重新广播更新后的路径消耗信息,并在搜索路由表上创建一个临时登记.当目标节点接收到一个路由请求,它与先前接收的路由请求命令的”路径消耗”值比较.如果这个路由请求的路径消耗比任何先前接收的路径消耗都好,目标节点会发送一个路由响应包给发起请求的节点.中间节点接收并转交路由响应包给源节点(发起路由请求的节点).备注:R6如果发现了更好的路由,可能会发送多个响应.重传与确认ZigBee在MAC层和应用支持层(APS)都包含确认数据包.当数据到达远程设备,它可能经过多跳才到达目的地.就像数据被从一个节点传到它的邻居一样,一个表示传输成功完成的确认数据包(ACK)沿反方向传送了回去.如果未收到ACK,发送设备会重传数据最多4次.这个ACK 被称为MAC层确认.另外,发起传输的设备期望收到来自目标设备的确认数据包(ACK).这个ACK会穿过数据所走过的路径,但是方向相反.如果始发设备未收到这个ACK,它会重传数据最多2次,直到接收到ACK. 这个ACK被称为ZigBee APS层确认.4.X B e e Z N e t2.5网络4.1X B e e Z N e t2.5网络架构XBee ZNet 2.5模块不同于EmberZNet 2.5.x软件栈.这个栈的很多地方类似于标准的ZigBee 2006,但是增加了维持一个强大的Mesh网所必须的特征.这一章节讲述了如何配置模块的联网,安全性,以及创建Mesh网的寻址参数.为了创建一个ZigBee网络,协调器必须以一个信道和PAN ID为开始.一旦协调器启动, 路由和终端就可以连接网络了.SC(搜索信道),ID(PAN ID),SD(搜索持续时间)和NJ(节点连接时间)命令被用来管理这个网络的架构.SC和ID设置应被写为WR命令,以保护网络架构和连接信息.4.1.1一个协调器的启动为了组成一个网络, 协调器必须选择一个未被使用的运行信道和PAN ID.XBee ZNet 2.5支持使用User-settable命令来控制这个选择信道和PAN的过程.命令说明ID 用来指定PAN ID.设为0xFFFF则允许选择任何ID.SC 选择一个能量扫描和PAN扫描的信道列表SD 指定对SC信道进行能量扫描和PAN扫描的持续时间。