【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1(一)

考研英语模拟测试题及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1.(10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is 1 only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, 2 embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 3 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner. Hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.4 , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,5 broken, makes the offender immediately the object of6 .It has been known as a fact that the British has a 7 for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 8 . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom 9 forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and 10 to everyone. This may be so. 11 a British cannot have much 12 in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 13 a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate-or as inaccurate-as the weathermen in his 14 .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references 15 weather that the British make to each other in the course of asingle day. Very often conversational greetings are 16 by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" 17 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.18 he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 19 to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 20 an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1. [A] relaxed [B] frustrated [C] amused [D] exhausted2. [A] yet [B] otherwise [C] even [D] so3. [A] experience [B] witness [C] watch [D] undergo4. [A] Deliberately [B] Consequently [C] Frequently [D] Apparently5. [A] unless [B] once [C] while [D] as6. [A] suspicion [B] opposition [C] criticism [D] praise7. [A] emotion [B] fancy [C] likeliness [D] judgment8. [A] at length [B] to a great extent [C] from his heart [D] by all means9. [A] follows [B] predicts [C] defies [D] supports10. [A] dedication [B] compassion [C] contemplation [D] speculation11. [A] Still [B] Also [C] Certainly [D] Fundamentally12. [A] faith [B] reliance [C] honor [D] credit13. [A] if [B] once [C] when [D] whereas14. [A] propositions [B] predictions [C] approval [D] defiance15. [A] about [B] on [C] in [D] to16. [A] started [B] conducted [C] replaced [D] proposed17. [A] Since [B] Although [C] However [D] Only if18. [A] Even if [B] Because [C] If [D] For19. [A] at a loss [B] at last [C] in groups [D] on the occasion20. [A] stimulate [B] constitute [C] furnish [D] provokeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1Readers of our Christmas issue were invited to nominate the wisest fool of the past 50 years. They responded magnificently, though often predictably. But this was not a popularity contest, or an unpopularity one. Except Jack Kennedy, every eligible president of the United States was nominated, along with every important political leader of the rest of the world. Alan Greenspan was a popular choice, but surprisingly few businessmen were proposed. Donald Trump, Kenneth Lay, Steve Jobs, Sir Richard Branson and Lord Conrad Black were those most often mentioned. Even fewer women were nominated, though Diana, Princess of Wales, was a strong contender.Piers Allen of Malta nominated Ronald Reagan, explaining, "A joke-cracking, afternoon-napping, intellectual lightweight whose memory could, in times of crisis, always be relied upon, but only to fail. Although foolish enough to announce, live on radio, that he would be bombing Russia in five minutes and take advice from his wife's astrologer (占星家), he was also wise enough to have survived union leadership and two terms as governor of California to reach the presidency of the United States and end the cold war favourably for the West. Any other wise fools making it to the White House will be hard pressed tofill his cowboy boots. "Richard Spencer (address not supplied) chose Yasser Arafat, whose foolishness was in "never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity". "While appearing to his people as a strong leader who could stand up to the Israelis, Arafat was unable to (or simply chose not to) seize the historical moment and forge a compromise solution that would benefit the lot of the Palestinians. Had he been wise enough to make a deal with Israel when the going was good, he likely would have been buried as a bona fide (真正的) world leader in a sovereign state of Palestine. "Denis Papathanasiou of Hoboken, New Jersey, nominated Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra, baseball player for the New York Yankees (1946-63). "Mr Berra hardly qualifies as an intellectual: he is famous for such remarks as 'You don't look so hot yourself' (in response to a comment that he looked cool in his summer suit), 'What? You mean right now? (when asked for the time of day), and 'I take a two-hour nap, from one o'clock to four. ' On second glance, however, his utterances depict a certain honest Zen-like(类似禅宗) wisdom: If you don't know where you're going, you'll wind up somewhere else? It was hard to have a conversation with anyone-there were so many people talking. Those qualities have inspired a miniature popular cult (崇拜) of books and seminars. Not bad for a humble baseball player of modest education. "Mr Papathanasiou takes first prize.21. Dennis Papathasiou's comment suggests .[A] Lawrence Berra is no doubt a confused character.[B] It is hard to have a conversation with Lawrence Berra.[C] It is wrong to underestimate a person of modesteducation.[D] The baseball player is philosophical about life.22. What is NOT true of Ronald Reagan?[A] He was a trade union leader before assuming the governorship of California.[B] He threatened to bomb the Soviet Union on the advise of an astrologer.[C] He projected an image of tough guy when he was the U.S. president.[D] His memory could only be relied on in times of crisis.23. The possible reason to drop the U.S. presidents from the contest is that .[A] The magazine deliberately disregarded popularity in the contest[B] most of the readers endorsed Dennis Papathanasiou's choice[C] The editors decided that they were not strong contenders[D] The purpose of the contest was to outwit the readers24. Richard Spencer's comment implies that the Palestinian leader .[A] should have declared the formation of a Palestinian state[B] failed to identify a historical opportunity when it arose[C] failed to live up to his image as a strong leader[D] should have been flexible in his approach to dealing with the Israelis25. The word "humble" (Line 9, Para. 4) denotes .[A] self-importance in bearing [B] modesty in behavior[C] a free of care character [D] easy-goingness in manners。

【导语】成功根本没有秘诀可⾔，如果有的话，就有两个：第⼀个就是坚持到底，永不⾔弃；第⼆个就是当你想放弃的时候，回过头来看看第⼀个秘诀，坚持到底，永不⾔弃，祝⼤家跟着成功的步伐，努⼒备考，考⼊理想院校。

以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语辅导模拟卷【1-5】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states，such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__ valueless，intellectual exercises like Plato‘s Republic，in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler ofRome，Romulus，was__9__ to have received authority from the gods，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__，the family heads who formed the original senate，__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority，because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority，holding that their consuls，or chief officials，would possess it on__16__months，and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea ofcontinuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous __20__，as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded. 1.[A] with [B] for [C] in [D] to 2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred 3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about 4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it 5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made 6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular 7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind 8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved 9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised 10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation 11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling 12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers 13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced 14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider 15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about 16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several 17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But 18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national 19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so 20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function 答案1. B2. C3. C4. A5. B6. D7.D8.D9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B 总体分析 本⽂介绍了罗马⼈有关国家建设的理论。

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟题-第一部分______年______月______日____________________部门Section I Use of EnglishPart ADirections: Read the following text. Choose the bestword(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so�瞔alled double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 1 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and2to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sellthe 3 item for general purchasing power—that is, “money”—to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds tobuy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.The importance of this function of money is 4 illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War Ⅱ, 5 pa per money was 6 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 7 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle” just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 9 someeconomists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 10 of all price controls, 11 permi tting a money economy to 12 a barter economy.13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment—this is the “15 of exchange” function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 16 abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceedsin the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from which the buyer can 19the general purchasing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the “asset” functi on of money.1. ［A］ on［B］ in［C］by［D］ for2. ［A］ capable［B］likely［C］desirable［D］ willing3. ［A］ excess ［B］ extra［C］surplus［D］ ample4. ［A］ dramatically［B］ urgently［C］ faithfully［D］incidentally5. ［A］ when［B］ before［C］ since［D］ until6. ［A］ developed［B］ reserved［C］ rendered［D］imagined7. ［A］ encouraged［B］ enlarged［C］endured［D］enforced8. ［A］ conform［B］ resort［C］ commit［D］ gear9. ［A］ and［B］but［C］ therefore［D］ however。

考研英语模拟试题一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides[C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted[C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view[C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget[C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving[C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in[C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed[C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along[C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied[C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required[C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still[C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms[C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted[C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated[C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate[C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of[C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit[C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless[C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes[C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines[C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is thatairports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2019年全国硕士研究生考试英语(一)考前全真模拟卷2019年全国硕士研究生考试英语(一)全真模拟卷1Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music includes a lot of repetition. What would your favorite song be without a chorus? But the connection runs even deeper than that because the 1 act of repeating something can 2 that thing melodious—3 the sound of a shovel being dragged 4 the pavement.A few years back, psychologists at the University of California, San Diego, 5 that when words or phrases are 6 a few times, they can start to sound more like singing than speaking. The sounds as they appear to you are not only different from those that are really present, 7 they sometimes behave so strangely as to seem quite 8 .Talking and singing are both forms of 9 communication. But researchers got to wondering: could repetition 10 musicalize other types of sounds? So they 11 clips of 20 different environmental sounds including water dripping, ice cracking and the shovel. And they played the 12 to 58 undergraduates first, as single sounds and then in a series with increasing repetition. 13 they found is that as the repeats stacked up the participants 14 the sounds as being more tuneful. The conclusion: Repetition’s power to musicalize seems to extend 15 a broader variety of sounds than just speech.These 16 transformations are powerful because nothing changes in the acoustic signal itself. That is held fixed. Everything that sounds different comes from the mind itself, making these illusions 17 useful for understanding the musical 18 of listening. What are we doing when we’re hearing something musically? How is this different from other kinds of hearing? These 19 allow us to tackle these kinds of questions 20 .1. [A] equal [B] proper [C] very [D] typical2. [A] present [B] render [C] convey [D] justify3. [A] hence [B] only [C] so [D] even4. [A] across [B] through [C] on [D] beyond5. [A] questioned [B] disclosed [C] discovered [D] preached6. [A] repeated [B] chanted [C] mentioned [D] stated7. [A] yet [B] but [C] unless [D] though8. [A] intelligent [B] negligible [C] identifiable [D] impossible9. [A] cognitive [B] vocal [C] phonetic [D] spiritual10. [A] hence [B] still [C] instead [D] also11. [A] collected [B] assembled [C] maintained [D] integrated12. [A] images [B] segments [C] videos [D] tunes13. [A] How [B] Whether [C] What [D] That14. [A] rated [B] assessed [C] regarded [D] reacted15. [A] in [B] with [C] to [D] out16. [A] incredible [B] perceptual [C] conscious [D] reliable17. [A] barely [B] incidentally [C] generally [D] particularly18. [A] system [B] fashion [C] structure [D] mode19. [A] problems [B] exchanges [C] transitions [D] transactions20. [A] better still [B] by accident [C] as usual [D] so far。

考研《英语（一）》模拟试卷（一）一、完形填空（Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)）1【共享题干题】Even plans can run a fever，especially when they are under attack by insects or disease.But 1______ humans，plants can have their temperature 2______ from 3000 feet away-straight up.A decade ago，3______ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley 4______ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to 5______ which ones are under stress.The goal was to let farmers 6______ target pesticide spraying 7______ rain poison on a whole field，which 8______ include plants that don"t have the pest problem.Even better，Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became 9______ to the eye.10______ on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops.The data were 11______ into a color-coded map showing 12______ plants wer e running“fevers”.Farmers could then spot spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they 13______ would.The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in 1984，after only three years.Farmers 14______the new technology and long-term backers were hard to 15______.But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce，and refinements in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to16______ into operation.Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works.“This technique can be 17______ to 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，”says George Oerther of Texas A&M.Ray Jackson，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks 18______ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade.But 19______ Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to 20______ 10 years ago.1.1【单选题】But 1______ humansA.aboveB.excludeC.besidesD.unlike参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于语意理解题。

考研英语（⼀）模拟试题⼀考研英语（⼀）模拟试题⼀Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Black death that drove Newton from his college and into a momentous discovery, 1 England in 1665. Astronomical records of the time show that 2 was a year of intense sunspot activity, and studies of annual tree 3 , which are wider when the sun is disturbed, 4 that the terrible plague of 1348 was 5 accompanied by an active sun.This sounds incredible, 6 we now have evidence that the sun has a direct effect on some of our body 7 . Over 120 000 tests were made on people in a Black Sea 8 to measure the number of lymphocytes in their blood. These small cells normally 9 between 20 and 25 percent of man's white blood cells, but in years of great solar activity this 10 decreases. There was a big drop during the sunspot years of 1986 and 1987, and number of people 11 from diseases caused by a lymphocyte deficiency 12 doubled during the tremendous solar explosion of February 1986.Many of the body's 13 seem to be influenced by sun-induced changes in the earth's magnetic 14 . If this is so, one 15 to find that the nervous system, which depends on electrical stimuli, would be the most 16 . A study of 5 580 coal-mine accidents 17 the Ruhr river shows that most occurred on the day following solar activity. Studies of traffic accidents in Russia and in Germany show that these increase, by as much as four 18 the average, on days after the 19 of a solar flare. This suggests that accidents may be 20 a disturbance deeper than a simple decrease in reaction time. These results make it clear that man in, among other things,a remarkably sensitive living sundial.1. [A] blanketed [B] swept [C] covered [D] spread2. [A] this [B] such [C] so [D] either3. [A] rings [B] cycles [C] circles [D] rounds4. [A] survey [B] reveal [C] predict [D] release5. [A] still [B] even [C] then [D] also6. [A] but [B] because [C] unless [D] when7. [A] chemistry [B] construction [C] physiology [D] constitution8. [A] retreat [B] reserve [C] resort [D] refuge9. [A] put in [B] take over [C] make up [D] set off10. [A] number [B] figure [C] share [D] proportion11. [A] suffered [B] suffer [C] suffering [D] to suffer12. [A] unexpectedly [B] actually [C] disappointedly [D] practically13. [A] performances [B] operations [C] functions [D] workings14. [A] environment [B] field [C] layer [D] shell15. [A] would expect [B] expects [C] expect [D] expected16. [A] affected [B] respected [C] protected [D] connected17. [A] beside [B] at [C] by [D] on18. [A] times above [B] time [C] times in [D]times19. [A] formation [B] explosion [C] eruption [D]propulsion20. [A] due to [B] apt for [C] all but [D] prior toSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. "What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us look like that.In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends "maintenance" work for people in their thirties. "The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly," he says. "By then, you've wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand." Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, "It seems that someone we don't consider old enough to order a drink shouldn't be considering plastic surgery."In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to "cater for the average person", agrees. He says: "I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, ￡3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday."Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid ￡2,500for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. "I had my legs done because they'd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don't think there's any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it."21. According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is to[A] be physically healthy.[B] look more normal.[C] satisfy appetite.[D] be accepted by media.22. According to the third paragraph, Dr. Davies implies that[A] cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth having.[B] cosmetic surgery is too expensive.[C] cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person.[D] cosmetic surgery is mainly for the rich and famous.23. The statement "draws the line at operating on people" (para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] removing wrinkles from the face.[B] helping people make up.[C] enjoying operating.[D] refusing to operate.24. It can be inferred from the text that[A] it is wise to have cosmetic surgery under 18.[B] cosmetic surgery is now much easier.[C] people tend to abuse cosmetic surgery.[D] the earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be.25. The text is mainly about[A] the advantage of having cosmetic surgery.[B] what kind of people should have cosmetic surgery.[C] the reason why cosmetic surgery is so popular.[D] the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery.Text 2In nature as in culture, diversity can be a difficult concept. Understanding it is one thing, accepting it another, especially when diversity means not only acknowledging a pre-existing mixture of difference--the very ampleness of the world--but also accommodating an adjustment to the existing state of things. A case in point is the reintroduction of gray wolves in Yellowstone national Park. Thirty-three wolves were released in 1995, and their number has now reached 97. Population expansion is one measure of the wolf program's success, but a better one is the wolves' impact on the natural diversity of the park.Typically, a pack of the Yellowstone wolves kills a big deer very few days. But over the remains the wolves abandon, a wonderful new diversity has emerged. Since their arrival, wolves have killed many of the park's coyotes (丛林郎), a smaller kind of wolf. The reduction in coyotes has caused an increase in rodents such as mice, rabbits and squirrels, which also benefits a wide range of predators. Even the coyotes that live at the margins of wolf country have prospered, thanks to the leftovers the wolves leave behind. So do grizzly bears, which feed on wolf-kilted deer before beginning hibernation or winter sleep.What has interested scientists is the swiftness, the dynamism, of this shift in diversity. There has been, however, no matching dynamism in the opinion of humans who oppose the wolf reintroduction. That was made plain by a Federal district judge's recent order to "remove" the wolves, the result or a legal process that is the offspring of inflexibility. Several livestock groups, including the Wyoming Farm Bureau, had filed a suit that urged, in slightly cleverer terms, the old proposition, no wolves, no problems. Several environmental groups had flied a separate lawsuit--unconnected to the Yellowstone wolves--protesting the dropping of legal protection forwolves that were recolonizing Idaho. The two suits were unfortunately merged.Though Judge William Downes stayed his own decision, pending appeal, his judgment is a sad encouragement to the mistaken defensiveness of most ranchers or cattle farmers. It is also a misunderstanding of the purpose of the environmentalists' suit. His decision needs to be swiftly and decisively overturned on appeal. It is no exaggeration to say that since the return of the wolves, Yellowstone has witnessed an economy of diversity from which human culture--including the culture of ranching---can directly profit, if only it chooses to do so.26. Since the arrival of 33 wolves in the Yellowstone National Park,[A] a dynamic biological chain has started to function[B] animals kept in the park have had enough food[C] some animals that are not wanted have been vanishing[D] the attraction of the park is greatly increased27. The author thinks it unfortunate that the judge should[A] make efforts to accept suits with regard to old issues.[B] make use of legal means to protect his own interests.[C] mix up two irrelevant suits and make wolves the victims.[D] support the protest against canceling legal protections for wolves.28. The author believes that Judge William Downes was obviously on the side of[A] the Yellowstone Park[B] livestock groups[C] environmental groups[D] federal laws29. Commenting on the Yellowstone Park wolf program, the author[A] urges the district judge to reverse his recent order.[B] criticizes the attitude of environmental groups.[C] calls on the people to protect wolves everywhere[D] speaks for the interests of most cattle farmers.30. According to the author, the protection of wolves will[A] bring about an economic boom to the surrounding farms and ranches[B] cause bigger losses of livestock to the Park's neighboring farms[C] lead to a number of controversies in the society[D] prove to be beneficial to all parties concernedText 3Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space."The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet," Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of the Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1,500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet.Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. "There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer andmerging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today. We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways," Cerf said.Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: "We need dreams like this. But I don't know any Martian whom I'd like to communicate with through the Internet."Cerf has been working with NASA's Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratory--the people behind the recent Mars expedition--to design what he calls an "interplanetary Internet protocol." He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain with interference and delay."This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now," Cerf told the conference."If we use domain names like Earth or Mars...jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community." He added."The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission."He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advances. "The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design woks anywhere. I don't know where we're going to have to put it but my guess is that we'll be going out there some time," Cerf said."If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 years from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the same-----it started as pure research but now it is commercialized."31. Which of the following is the main point of the text?[A] The development of the internet.[B] The possibility of space research.[C] Universal information superhighway.[D] The technological advances of Mars mission.32. From the text, we learn that Vinton Cerf is[A] seeking answers to questions about the internet web.[B] working on interplanetary internet with collaborations of NASA.[C] trying to commercialize the interplanetary internet.[D] exploring the possibility of establishing internet network on Mars.33. We know from the text that Mars mission is[A] one of NASA's internet projects:[B] an expedition to Mars.[C] the infrastructure of the interplanetary internet.[D] to create an architecture on Mars..34. According to Cerf, the purpose to design interplanetary internet is to[A] send real-time science data.[B] communicate with astronauts.[C] lay foundation for future technological advances.[D] commercialize it.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] the dream to build interplanetary internet can be fulfilled in the future.[B] interplanetary internet will commercialized in 100 years.[C] the research of internet took 50 years.[D] it will take a long time to build interplanetary internet.Text 4Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"--Physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used--that a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of "thing" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the fold music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, people's aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media--radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information-revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.36. Which of the following does not belong to material culture?[A] Instruments.[B] Music.[C] Paintings. [D]Sheet music.37. The word "phonograph" (line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means[A] record player.[BI radio.[C] musical technique.[D] music culture.38. The main idea of the first paragraph is[A] the importance of cultural tools and technology.[B] the cultural influence of the development of civilization.[C] the focus of the study of the material culture of music.[D] the significance of the research into the musical instruments.39. Which of the following is not an advantage of printed music?[A] Reading of music notation has a great impact on musicians.[B] People may draw inspiration from it.[C] the music culture will be influenced by it in the end.[D] Songs tend to be standardized by it.40. From the third paragraph, we may infer that[A] traditional cultural heritage is worthy of preservation.[B] the universal features shared by all cultures aren't worthy of notice.[C]musicians pay more attention to the preservation of traditional music[D] the more developed a culture, the more valuable the music it has fostered.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41--45, choose the most suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices that do not fit in any of the gaps: Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)HUMANS like to regard themselves as exceptional. Other animals do not have complex, syntactical languages. Nor do most of them appear to enjoy the same level of consciousness that people do. And many philosophers believe humans are theonly species which understands that others have their own personal thoughts. That understanding is known in the trade as having a "theory of mind", and it is considered the gateway to such cherished human qualities as empathy and deception. 41)In the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Bernd Heinrich and Thomas Bugnyar of the University of Vermont, in Burlington, describe a series of experiments they have carried out on ravens. They wanted to see how these birds, which are known to be (at least by avian standards) both clever and sociable, would respond to human gaze.42)To test whether ravens could follow gaze, Dr Heinrich and Dr Bugnyar used six six-month-old hand-reared ravens, and one four-year-old. The birds were sat, one at a time, on a perch on one side of a room divided by a barrier. An experimenter sat about a metre in front of the barrier. The experimenter moved his head and eyes in a particular direction and gazed for 30 seconds before looking away. Sometimes he gazed up, sometimes to the part of the room where the bird sat, and sometimes to the part of the room hidden behind the barrier. The experiment was videotaped.43) . In the latter case, the curious birds either jumped down from the perch and walked around the barrier to have a look or leapt on top of it and peeredover. There was never anything there, but they were determined to see for themselves.A suggestive result, but not, perhaps, a conclusive one. 44)In this case, the observation was pleasantly unexpected. Dr Bugnyar was conducting an experiment designed to see what ravens learn from each other while foraging. While doing so he noticed strange interactions between two males, Hugin, a subordinate bird, and Munin, a dominant one.45) . The subordinate male was far better at this task than the dominant. However, he never managed to gulp down more than a few pieces of the reward before the dominant raven, Munin, was hustling him on his way. Clearly (and not unexpectedly) ravens are able to learn about food sources from one another. They are also able to bully each other to gain access to that food.But then something unexpected happened. Hugin, the subordinate, tried a new strategy. As soon as Munin bullied him, he headed over to a set of empty containers, prised the lids off them enthusiastically, and pretended to eat. Munin followed, whereupon Hugin returned to the loaded containers and ate his fill.[A] Response to gaze is reckoned to be a good measure of the development of theory of mind inhuman children. By about 18 months of age most children are able to follow the gaze of another person, and infer things about the gazer from it. Failure to develop this trick is an early symptom of autism, a syndrome whose main underlying feature is an inability to understand that other people have minds, too.[B] However, the second study, carried out by Dr Bugnyar when he was working at the Universityof Austria, and published last month in Animal Cognition, suggests that ravens may have mastered the art of deception too.[C] As it happened, Munin was no dummy either. He soon grew wise to the tactic, and would not beled astray. He even stooped to trying to find the food rewards on his own! This made Hugin furious. "He got very angry", says Dr Bugnyar, "and started throwing things around." Perhaps ravens have something else in common with people--a hatred of being found out.[D] Biologists have learned to treat such assertions with caution. In particular, they have foundevidence of theories of mind in a range of mammals, from gorillas to goats. But two recent studies suggest that even mammalian studies may be looking at the question too narrowly. Birds, it seems, can have theories of mind, too.[E] Dr Heinrich and Dr Bugnyar found that all the birds were able to follow the gaze of theexperimenters, even beyond the barrier.[F] At first Dr Bugnyar could not believe what he was seeing. He was anxious about sharing hisobservation, for fear that no one would believe him. But Hugin, he is convinced, was clearly misleading Munin.[G] The task was to work out which colour-coded film containers held some bits of cheese, thenprise the containers open and eat the contents.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points).....As a neutral nation, Switzerland escaped much of the horrors of World War II. (46) While Europe was being ravaged by Hitler's Nazi war machine, the Swiss went about their business living as normal a life as they could amid what would be remembered as the worst war in history.But neutrality in a world war is a myth. Although guns and tanks may not roll across the hills of a "neutral nation", other aspects of war are conducted there just the same. During World War II, Switzerland was used as a base by many Allied spies. (47) International Jewish organizations operated out of Swiss cities, and many Swiss citizens and companies worked for the allies, providing them with information and materials.But just as Switzerland helped support the Allied war effort, so did the Nazis benefit from their association with their "neutral" neighbor. Recently classified documents from US archives reveal that the Nazis stored millions of dollars' worth of gold in Swiss banks. One particular document, given to Allied negotiators after the war, estimates that almost $ 400 million worth of gold--nearly two billion dollars at today's prices--was sent to Switzerland between 1939 and 1945.(48) For decades, Jewish groups have been trying to force Swiss bankers to open their files to public scrutiny, but with limited success. (49) Just over 30 years ago, the Swiss government did take some action by instructing the country's banks to return any unasserted accounts belonging to foreigners who had been "prosecuted for racial, religious or political reasons". The banks responded by releasing about $ 5 million of which about $ 2 million was given to deserving Jewish causes.(50) But for investigators, these paltry sums of money did not come close to accounting for the millions they believe the Nazis had deposited in Swiss banks. Jewish groups continued to demand that proper searching investigations be carried out. Section III WritingPart A51. Directions: Suppose you are in charge of a library in a city. You received a few letters complaining the crowded condition of your library. Write a letter to one of the complainers which includes the following points:1) acknowledge the complaints,2) suggest alternatives to avoid the crowdedness,3) express your appreciation for the comment.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay of 160--200 words. Your essay should meet the following requirements:1) interpret the meaning of the cartoon;2) give your comments on the phenomenon.(20 points)考研英语（⼀）模拟试题参考答案Section I Use of EnglishBAABD；AACCD；CBCBA；ADDCA Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A:Text 1: BADBC; Text2: ACBAD;Text3: CBBCA; Text4: BADDAPart B: D，A，E，B，GPart C:1. 当欧洲惨遭希特勒战争机器蹂躏的时候，瑞⼠⼈则忙着⾃⼰的事，在历史记忆⾥最为残酷的战争中尽其所能地过着正常的⽣活。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题满分115分)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)笫一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21．—Thanks a lot for your book. I found it very interesting.—________. I'm glad you enjoyed it.A．All the best B．It is nothingC．No thanks D．Very well解析：选B考查交际用语。

句意：“非常感谢你的书。

我觉得它非常有趣。

”“没什么。

你喜欢它我很高兴。

”It is nothing“没什么”，符合语境。

All the best意为“祝一切顺利”；No thanks意为“不用，谢谢(礼貌地谢绝)”；Very well意为“很好”。

22．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________.A．curiosity B．satisfactionC．envy D．patience解析：选D考查名词辨析。

句意：无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。

patience“耐心”，符合句意。

curiosity“好奇心”；satisfaction“满意，满足”；envy“忌妒”。

23．________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.A．Anybody B．EverybodyC．Nobody D．Somebody解析：选C考查不定代词。

句意：没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。

根据句意可知，空处应用Nobody。

24．What a terrible experience！________，you're safe now — that's the main thing.A．Anyway B．BesidesC．Otherwise D．Therefore解析：选A考查副词辨析。

Passage 1 In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue（烤⾁）restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu： French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept： quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips. Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc. Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise（特许经营）other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches（拱门）。

5.[A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore6.[A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if7.[A]distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting8.[A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused9.[A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas10.[A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical11.[A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses12.[A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times13.[A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed14.[A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient15.[A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create16.[A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless17.[A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired18.[A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice19.[A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable20.[A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizi ng uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic ofpopular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in a n elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neith er at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-bo rn whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of supers tars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fearthat immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probabl y means________.[A] identifying [B] associating[C] assimilating [D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture [B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite [D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization [B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture [D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world. [B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants. [D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is _______.[A] rewarding [B] successful[C] fruitless [D] harmfulText 2When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker BarbaraCorcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.26. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the authormeans_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business. [B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit. [D] Spero is not in a desperatesituation.27. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.28. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), theauthor is talking about _______[A] gold market. [B] real estate. [C] stock exchange. [D] ventureinvestment.29. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways. [B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. [D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.30. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon. [B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not. [D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 3If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about theircanteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.31. To make your humor work, you should .[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience [B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people [D] show sympathy for your listeners32. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .[A] impolite to new arrivals [B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours33. It can be inferred from the text that public services .[A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock34. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .[A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible35. The best title for the text may be .[A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor StrategiesText 4In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourishand which will fail.“Do we really want r ailroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.36. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition. [B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist. [D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.37. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent. [B] Supportive. [C] Indignant. [D] Apprehensive.38. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.39. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators. [B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions. [D] who determine the price.40. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition. [B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street. [D] the shrinking market.Part BDirections：In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Rain forest structure is distinct from most other forest types because of its many layers of vegetation, referred to as strata. The lowest stratum is the understory, composed of palms, herbaceous plants (such as wild ginger), and tree seedlings and saplings. (41) ____________________. Many have deep red coloring on the underside of their leaves to capture some of the scarce light that does manage to reach the forest understory. This red coloring enables understory plants to absorb light of different wavelengths than do the plants with rich, green-foliaged canopy, the umbrella-shaped upper structure of trees. Above the forest floor but below the canopy are one or more midstory strata, made up of woody plants, such as large shrubs and midsized trees.The overstory is the canopy, in which the tree crowns form a continuous layer that captures the major part of the rainwater and sunlight hitting the forest. The height of the canopy varies from region to region and forest to forest, ranging from 20 to 50 m (65 to 165 ft). (42) ____________________. Researchers use hot air balloons, cables, catwalks, towers, sophisticated tree-climbing gear, and even robots to studythe millions of plants and animals that make their home high up in the forest canopy. Canopy researchers also use huge cranes that are dropped into the heart of the forest by helicopters. Suspended from the crane’s long, movable arm is a large cabin that functions as a mobile treetop laboratory. Moving from tree to tree, forest researchers collect specimens, conduct experiments, and observe life in the canopy frontier.The highest stratum of the rain forest is made up of the emergent trees, those individuals that stick up above the forest canopy. Emergents, which do not form a continuous layer, are usually the giants of the forest, reaching heights of 35 to 70 m (115 to 230 ft) or more, and trunk sizes of over 2 m (6.6 ft) in diameter. (43) ____________________. However, these trees tend to be so large that they collectively account for the vast majority of the woody mass, or biomass, of the forest.The nicely ordered strata of the rain forest, including the continuous layer of the canopy, are regularly disturbed by naturally occurring events, such as falling trees. Trees in a rain forest canopy are often interconnected by vines, and a falling tree may pull as well as push other trees down with it, producing a domino effect of falling trees. The resulting opening in the forest canopy enables light to pour onto the forest floor. (44)____________________ .Other natural disturbances create even larger openings in the forest canopies. For example, along the hurricane belt in the Caribbean and the typhoon belt along the western Pacific, some forests are substantially altered when high winds and storms blow down hundreds of trees every few decades. (45) ____________________. Scientists have found that these natural disturbances and the subsequent forest regeneration are a vital process that leads to healthy and diverse forests.[A] New plants and animals then move into the area and begin to grow.[B] Just 2 percent of the sunlight goes through the many layers of leaves and branches above, so understory plant species have developed special traits to cope with low light levels.[C] On a smaller scale, large mammals, such as elephants, regularly destroy rain forest vegetation in the Congo River Basin in Africa.[D] An understory of shorter trees and a lacework of woody vines, or lianas, produce a forest of such complex internal architecture that many animals, including some sizable ones, rarely or never descend to the ground.[E] Less than one percent of the trees in the forest reside in the canopy and emergent layers.[F] Because more light penetrates the canopy, however, the vegetation of the understory and forest floor is better developed than in the tropics.[G] The rich, green canopy is teeming with life, and forest researchers have developed ingenious methods for accessing this mysterious ecosystem.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (1) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (2) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand incompetitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national income and employment. Macroeconomics dates from the book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1935), by the British economist John Maynard Keynes. His explanation of prosperity and depression centers on the total or aggregate demand for goods and services by consumers, business investors, and governments, (3) Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages. (4) Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade. (5) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by the Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Direction: You just bought an English dictionary from a famous e-commerce site only to find it not as good as you expected. Write an email to the customer service center to1) complain the poor quality of the dictionary, and2) give reasons for your complaints. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1）describe the drawing briefly,2）interpret its intended meaning, and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)。

考研英语真题模拟试卷一、听力部分（共30分）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question, there will be a short pause. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Take a rest.B) Go to the doctor.C) Stay at home.D) Work harder.2. Why is the woman upset?A) She lost her job.B) She missed her bus.C) She failed the exam.D) She lost her keys.[...]8. What does the man mean by saying "It's a small world"?A) He's surprised by the coincidence.B) He thinks the world is getting smaller.C) He's interested in geography.D) He's suggesting they travel.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the main topic of the conversation?A) A book signing event.B) A new novel.C) A writing competition.D) A literary festival.10. What does the woman think about the author?A) She admires her greatly.B) She finds her arrogant.C) She doesn't like her writing style.D) She thinks she's overrated.Long Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.12. Why did the man decide to quit his job?A) He was offered a better position.B) He wanted to start his own business.C) He was unhappy with his boss.D) He wanted to travel the world.[...]二、阅读理解部分（共40分）Passage 1[文章内容略]Questions 16 to 18 are based on Passage 1.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of technology on health.D) The role of sleep in a healthy lifestyle.17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for poor sleep quality?A) Stress from work.B) An irregular sleep schedule.C) Consuming too much caffeine.D) A comfortable sleeping environment.Passage 2[文章内容略]Questions 19 to 21 are based on Passage 2.19. What does the author's experience suggest about the job market?A) It is highly competitive.B) It requires a specific set of skills.C) It is dominated by large corporations.D) It offers many opportunities for advancement.Passage 3[文章内容略]Questions 22 to 25 are based on Passage 3.22. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to adopt a new technology.B) To inform readers about a breakthrough in science.C) To critique the current state of environmental policy.D) To analyze the economic impact of climate change. [...]三、完形填空部分（共20分）[文章内容略]26. A) Despite B) Because C) Although D) Since27. A) predicted B) suggested C) proposed D) recommended28. A) benefits B) drawbacks C) consequences D) advantages29. A) However B) Therefore C) Nevertheless D) Thus30. A) contribute to B) result in C) lead to D) give rise to [...]四、翻译部分（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。

Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unit as a family. The mother offspring tie is beyond 19;there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is "brother brother" and "sister sister".1 A assumedB adoptedC believedD surmised2 A considerateB consideratedC considerableD considering3 A statuesB statusesC statutesD statures4 A What s moreB HenceC ButD However5 A notB onl yC butD solely6 A clarifiesB classifiesC definesD outlines7 A thanB beforeC whenD after8 A onB withC inD within9 A appropriatedB substitutedC assignedD distributed10 A variedB deviatedC differedD altered11 A fashionedB modifiedC inf luencedD affected12 A mayB shouldC mustD can13 A byB out ofC fromD through14 A proveB makeC turnD create15 A otherwiseB stillC yetD even16 A oneB soleC singleD only17 A lookedB attendedC caredD provided18 A guideB causeC directD lead19 A limitationB imaginationC doubtD expectation20 A adviseB hintC implyD suggestSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark you r answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1New figures from France,Germany and Italy-the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone -suggest the continent's economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%.With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe's largest economy-a key reason for the European Central Bank's reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists' expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the Euro wide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year's spike in oil prices dropping out of the year on year calculation.The icing on the cake was news that Italy's job market has remained buoyant.The country's July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasi governmental research group ISAE told of a general pick up in demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country's biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targetsmeant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government's 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy's government has promised its European Union partners.21 We know from the first paragraph that.A new figures from the three European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly rightB European economy gets on better than forecasters have predictedC all of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reductionD in threeE uropean countries the consumer spending continues to rise22 The term"in the doldrums"in Paragraph 2 refers to .A in the process of risingB experiencing a sharp turningC in the recessionD rising rapidly23 Which of the following statements i s true according to the text?.A The reason for the ECB's unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in GermanyB In Germany consumer prices were fallingC Last year's oil prices dropping out of the year on year ca lculation directly leads to the drop of inflationD The European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate24 ln this passage,the word"buoyant" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.A depressingB gloomyC activeD calm25 lndustria l group Confindustria warned that.A the attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growthB the growth had been well short of the government's targetC the budget deficit must be about 1.5%D the budget deficit will probably be grea t different from the country's promiseText 2Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost one third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About one fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with anincrease in the use of all substances.Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .A alcoholB marijuanaC cigarettesD cocaine27. The survey participants were .A randomly selected Uni t ed States citizensB randomly selected New York City citizensC randomly selected Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade CenterD randomly selected American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack28. The author is trying to show that .A use of substances may vary from time to timeB abuse of certain substances is harmful for healthC the attack of september 11th has left incurable harm to people s mental healthD terrorist attack increase anxiety and sens e of insecurity among residents29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11?A People who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have PTSD.B People who were living closer to World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking.C Displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were consistently associated with increased substance use.D Symptoms of panic attach were unrelated with increased use of substances.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected.B Gender and race do not have much effect on the amount of substance abuse.C Age and marital status do not make any difference on substance abuse.D Income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age.Text 3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, "is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield."But Say s definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black and white contrasts between the entrepreneur and theprofessional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were "above" the market driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald s is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A.The CEO of a big company.B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.D.A successful salesman.32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur?①a resource shifter②one who starts a new business③non professional④money gaining⑤a risk takerA.①②③B.①②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③④⑤33.From the text, we learn that .A.an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesC.change is not norm in an entrepreneur s eyesD.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of "entrepreneur"34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .plete the definition of entrepreneurB.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC.show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35.What will most possibly follow the text?A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B.Another theory about entrepreneurship.C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials.For the artist this means wider opportunities.There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work.Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture.Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object,to see its various sides superimposed on each other(as in Cubism or in an X ray).Today,welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past.This new method encourages open designs,where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists,but no less influential,are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,discoveries that have infiltrated recent art,especially Surrealism.The Surrealists,in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life,claimed that dreams were the only hope.Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious,they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past,present and intervening psychological states.The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms.Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.For them,obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism.They did not need to smash paint and canvas;they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life.In a period when science has made revolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories.But this has rarely been a one w ay street.Painters and sculptors,though admittedly influenced by modern science,have also molded and changed our world.If break up has been a vital part of their expression,it has not always been a symbol of destruction.Quite the contrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to penetrate more deeply,to analyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect.In addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it.36.According to the passage,it is true that.A artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material a dvancesD artistic creations are the reflection of the material world37.The welding techniques.A can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC can superimpose multiple sides of sculpto r's designsD can make artists adaptable to be surroundings38.We can learn from the text that Freud's studies.A are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB have influenced other scientific inventionsC cause SurrealismD have infiltrated Surrealism39.Which of the following is true about Surrealists?A They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnecteddream experiences.B They tried to express their subconscious world.C They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.40.The sentence "But this has rarely been a one way street."in the last paragraph means that.A contemporary art has be en nourished by modern scienceB modern science has been nourished by artC artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualPart BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) Aremote Patagonian town that's just beginning to prosper by guiding tourists through the virgin forests nearby is being shaken by the realization that it's sitting on a gold mine. Literally.41)___________________________________________________________________Esquel's plight is winning attention from international conservation and environmental groups such as Greenpeace. 42)__________________________About 3.2 million acres already are under contract for mineral exploration in poor and sparsely settled Chubut Province, where Esquel is, near the southern tip of South America.43)______________________________________Meridian's project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher elevation, is about 20 miles from a national park that preserves rate trees known as alerces, a southern relative of California's giant sequoia. Some of them have been growing serenely in the temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 years.The greatest fear is that cyanide, which is used to leach gold from ore, will drain downhill and poison Esquel's and possibly the park's water supplies. The mine will use 180 tons of the deadly chemical each month. Although many townspeople and some geologists disagree, the company says any excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel."We won't allow them to tear things up and leave us with the toxic aftermath," said Felix Aguilar, 28, as he piloted a boatload of tourists through a lake in the Alerces National Park."We take care of things here, so that the entire world can hear and see nature in its pure state. The world must help us prevent this."44)__________________________________________________________________________A young English botanist named Charles Darwin, the author of the theory of evolution, was the first European to see alerces, with trunks that had a circumference of 130 feet. He gave the tree its generic name, Fitzroya cupressoides, for the captain of his ship, Robert Fitzroy.Argentina, pressed by the United States, Canada, the World Bank and other global lenders, rewrote its mining laws in the 1990s to encourage foreign investment.45)________________________________________Argentina took in more than＄1 billion over the past decade by granting explorationcontracts for precious metals to more than 70 foreign and domestic companies. If the country were to turn away a major investor, the message to its mining sector would be chilling.［A］Whether Meridian Gold Corp. gets its open pit gold mine outside Esquel could determine the fate of mining in Patagonia, a pristine region spanning southern Argentina and Chile.［B］Forest ecologist Paul Alaback, a University of Montana professor who studies the alerces, said Argentine authorities could gain from Alaska's successful nature based tourism.［C］More than 3,000 worried Esquel residents recently took to the streets in protests aimed at assuring that their neat community of 28,000 becomes a ecotourism center, not a gold rush town.［D］American Douglas Tomkins,the founder of the Esprit clothing line and a prominent global conservationist, has bought more than 800,000 wilderness acres in Chile to preserve alerces and protect what's left of the temperate rain forest. Ted Turner, the communications magnate, also has bought land in Argentine Patagonia with an eye to conservation.［E］Residents also complain that Argentina hasn't given nature based tourism a chance.［F］Mining companies received incentives such as 30 years without new taxes and duty free imports of earth moving equipment.［G］In Argentina, the town has become a national symbol in the debate over exploitation vs. preservation of the country's vast natural resources.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)For better or worse,multiple marriages aren't just for actress Elizabeth Taylor (renowned for her eight marriages) anymore.More Americans than ever are tying the knot (getting married) for the third time or more.Lynn Y. Naugle Haspel,a 53 year old family therapist in New Orleans,says that people's personal needs and desires simply changes as their life evolves."What functions well in the first part of our lives may not function well in the second or third parts of our lives,"she explains.She didn't start her career as a therapist until her children from her first marriage went to school.That marriage lasted 21 years,her second marriage five years.Two years ago,she wed for a third time,and she describes this union as an "extremely easy marriage".Today,at an estimated one of seven weddings,the bride,the groom or both are making that trip down the aisle for at least the third time.That's twice as many as a generation ago,according to the US National Centre for Health Statistics.46)In part,the surge in multiple marriages is a side effect of the 1970s divorce boom that has supplied an ever expanding pool of divorced singles.Even the simple fact that people are living longer has opened the door to marrying more often.No fault divorce laws (meaning no one is blamed for the failure of the marriage),and cultural changes have also meant there's less peer pressure than in past generations to stay in a joyless or abusive marriage.47)While a single divorce didn't block either Ronald Reagan or Bob Dole from seeking the most highly scrutinized job in America - the US presidency - modern society still raises an eyebrow at more than one matrimonial mistake.Indeed,there are signs that attitudes are changing.Even the language is softening.Clinical papers in social science journals no longer probe for "neurosis" or mental depressive disorderamong the "divorce prone". More and more marriages are said to "end," not "fail," and one author has coined the term "encore marriages"."It's coming out of the closet or becoming more accepted," says Glenda Riley,a Ball State University professor who wrote a book on the history of divorce in the US.48)"There's still embarrassment on the personal level,while there is growing acceptance on the public level" for three or more marriages in a lifetime.49)Some experts say that the trend toward multiple marriages shows an erosion in Americans' capacity for commitment."We live in the age of light.We have light cream cheese,light beer,light mayonnaise,"says Wayne Sotile,a psychologist and marriage counselor in Winston Salem,North Carolina.But,he adds,"There's no such thing as light,long term,intimate,romantic marriage.You've got to commit yourself to those thi n gs."There's no guarantee,of course,that the third time is the best.50)To the contrary,second and third marriages run an equal or greater risk of divorce than first marriages,which today are given 4 out of 10 odds of failing,and they tend to end more q uickly.Divorce statistics show that failed second marriages typically end two years sooner than first marriages,lasting six years on average rather than eight.That leaves some doubly divorced people open for a third try at a relatively young age.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Direction:You've just come back from a tour in JiuZhaiGou, and you're writing to your friend Mary.1)tell her that you've been back at the very day2)share your travelling experience with her3）invite her to a tour in ZhangJiajie in the coming yearYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Jane" instead. You do not need to wirte the address.(10 points) Part B52.Direction:study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.In the essay you should1)interpret the picture's meaning2)give your comments on the phenomenon3)give your suggestions to solve the problem答案Section ⅠUse of English1 A assumed根据题意，"早期的科学家，假定非人类动物的社会生活几乎完全是天生的，或是由遗传决定的",assume多用于未证实的假定；adopt 意为"采用，接受"；believe 意为"相信"；surmise 意为"猜测，推测"，相当于"guess"。

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟考场考试试题第一套______年______月______日____________________部门Directions:Read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Emerging technologies are prompting fundamental changesin education. The static, sequential pres-entation of books has been the 1 for learning since Gutenberg. Now, 2 , we are beginning to see3 , linked and interactive technology-based resources in virtually every 4 When 5 with onlinedistance learning and personal interaction of the traditional classroom environment, such resources 6 aricher learning environment. We need to 7 that computer-based education will not 8 the classroomor teacher anytime soon, but those who have tried it agree that CBT (computer-based training) will have adramatic 9 on the way we learn.Educational software is experiencing an explosion of 10in our homes and schools. Computer-basededucational resources take many 11 and are being embraced by young and old 12 . Students canlearn anatomy by taking 13 tours of the body. Students can travel through the Milky Way to Cassiopeiaand other constellations 14 an electronic teacher explains the 15 of the universe. Millions of ele-mentary age students aregetting one-on-one instructions 16 keyboarding skills. Chemistry students aredoing lab exercises with bits and bytes17 dangerous chemicals. Some innovative software packages ~18 the mind by inviting students to learn the power of logic and creativity. We all have learned at onetime or anotherthat learning can, and should be, fun. It didn't take longfor education software developersto 19 education and entertainment into a single learning resource. This edutainment software givesstudents an opportunity to play 20 learning.1. [A] axis [B] impetus [C] medium [D] foundation2. [A] moreover [B] however [C] incidentally [D] consequently3. [A] spontaneous [B] lively [C] dynamic [D] robust4. [A] discipline [B] domain [C] scope [D] realm5. [A] coupled [B] compared [C] aligned [D] identified6. [n] suffice [B] grant [C] boost [D] offer7. [A] denounce [B] disclaim [C] restate [D] retort8. [A] discharge [B] replace [C] dislocate [D] retrieve9．[A]autonomy [B]impact [c]incentive [D]affection10．[A]admission [B]reception [C]acknowledgement[D]acceptance11．[A]shapes [B]options [C]forms [D]alternativas1 2．[A]alike [B]likely [c]invariably [D]individually。

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟试题卷（一）考试时间：120分钟试卷总分：150分注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。

用2B型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卡整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时候将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15B. ￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是B1. What transportation did the man take?A. The bus.B. The taxi.C. The subway.2. Why doesn’t the man wear his yellow shirt?A. It’s missing.B. He doesn’t like it.C. Two buttons are off it.3. What is Cindy’s bad behavior in class?A. Sending text messages.B. Arguing with Mr. Jackson.C. Talking with her classmates.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Details of the report.B. The data for the report.C. The use of the report.5. What will the man most probably do tomorrow?A. Go to the party.B. Spend time with Linda.C. Celebrate his 22nd birthday.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题。