非谓语动词-(1)
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英语非谓语动词用法详解(1)一、单项选择非谓语动词1.After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he’d begun, ashamed at having so little to show for his wanderings.A.being run B.runningC.to run D.having run【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。
句意:大约十年后,在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。
run out of “用光,耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。
故D 选项正确。
【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。
首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。
其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。
再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。
其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。
分析句子可知,本句的主语为he,谓语为returned, run out of “用光,耗尽”为非谓语与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。
故D选项正确。
2.Don't turn a deaf ear to the advice which will make a ________to your future.A.mess B.differenceC.fuss D.remark【答案】B【解析】不要对能够对你未来产生影响的建议掩耳不闻。
make a different to对什么有影响,是固定短语,所以选B。
3.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A.reducing B.reduced C.being reduced D.having reduced 【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动名词的被动语态。
必备英语【初中英语】非谓语动词知识点总结一、非谓语动词1.The teachers often tell us ________ in the river. It's dangerous.A. not swimB. don't swimC. not swimmingD. not to swim【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳。
太危险了。
tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事。
动词不定式的否定结构,not to do sth.故选D。
【点评】此题考查动词不定式。
注意动词不定式的否定结构not to do sth。
2.To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me.A. to visitB. visitingC. visitD. visits【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:让我吃惊的的,戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,固定短语,故选A。
【点评】此题考查动词不定式。
注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。
3.—Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time.—He is considering _________ his piano course and spending more time on his study.A. to dropB. to throwC. droppingD. throwing【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:——Jack很久没有上钢琴课了。
——他在考虑放弃钢琴课,把更多的时间花在学习上。
consider doing sth考虑做某事。
drop放弃;丢掉;throw扔掉。
非谓语动词有3种形式(1)非谓语动词有3种形式:不定式、动名词和分词主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done一作主语1.To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.(decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do)3.I don’t know what to do.(decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do)4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.但是: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done一作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.二作表语1. My job is teaching English.比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
二、非谓语形式的三种形式及基本用法:1、动词不定式:to do 表示目的和将来2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行3、动词的过去分词:done 表示被动和完成非谓语动词(一)——动词不定式一、不定式(to do)不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语。
不定式运用口诀:本领最多不定式,主,表,宾,补,定和状,样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢,大家千万要当心,有时它把句型改,做主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏,七个感官三使役,宾补要把to甩开,疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当,逻辑主语不定式,不定式前for sb,to前not 是否定,各种用法区别开。
1. I am sorry to ________ you so much trouble. (2008 江苏)A. have givenB. have been givenC. giveD. giving答案:A简析:be sorry to have done sth 意为“已经干了某事而遗憾”,to have done是不定式的完成形式,表示先于谓语动词的动作。
B,被动形式,不合题意。
变式训练:2.The promising young man is said to ______ two novels.A. have writtenB. have been writtenC. writeD. writing (A)2.不定式的句法功能1)作主语:(谓语动词一般用单数)To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。
非谓语动词1.(to)do省略to的用法:(1)使役动词let,make, have感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,observe,listen to,look at,notice做补足语(2)except,but(有do无to,无do有to)I can do nothing but/except advocate them.I have no choice but /except to give up the plan.2.Doing动名词(1)动名词做宾语的动词:admit, excuse, practise, appreciate, finish, prevent,avoid, forbid, consider, propose, forgive, delay, postpone, imagine, resist, keep, risk, mind, miss, dislike, escape, permit短语:介词短语; can’t stand (忍不住) can’t help; feel like; give up; put off(2)做主语的结构It’s useless/nice/good/worthwhile/no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time dong3.doing 动名词和现在分词的区别[1].如果v+ing形式在句中作定语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。
区别方法是:动名词作定语时,说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用"use for +动名词"这个结构代替),它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的动作、行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句)。
E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢(sleeping此处为动名词)a sleeping bag 睡袋〔动名词〕a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子(sleeping此处为现在分词)developing country 发展中国家〔分词〕boiled water 开水〔分词〕[2]. 如果v+ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。