商务英语(二)
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1.我们具有丰富的经营纺织品的经验。
2.我们的进口商品少于出口商品。
3.大多数设备都是我们公司从国外进口的。
4.我们应该借鉴贵公司在海外市场的经验。
5.我们诚挚欢迎国内外朋友前来与我们接洽。
6. Our company specializes in the production of telecommunication facilities.7. We always put quality as the first consideration8. All products have to pass strict inspection before they go out.9. We always believe that quality is the soul of an enterprise.10. Now let me make a brief introduction to my company.1.We have had much experience in handling textiles.2.Our imports fall short of exports.3. Most of our equipment is imported from foreign countries.4. We should learn from your business abroad profitably.5. We sincerely welcome friends at home and abroad to connect with us.6.我们公司主要生产电信设备。
7.我们总是首先考虑质量。
8.所有的产品在出货前都必须经过严格的检验。
9.我们始终相信,质量是一个企业的灵魂。
10.下面我简单介绍一下我公司的基本情况。
1.灰色比较适合您。
2.让我替您包装成礼品吧。
3.现金付款,我们给予八折优惠。
4.买一双鞋附送鞋带一对及鞋油一瓶。
Unit 21.The manufacturer, therefore, has to find the balance between designing a separate car foreach market – which would be exorbitantly costly – and designing one car for all markets.因此,制造商就必须在为每个市场设计一辆不同的车(这当然需要高昂的费用)和为所有市场设计同一款车之间寻求平衡。
2.Such opportunities are not normally available to a company that operates only in onecountry or is only just entering a new country.只在一个国家经营或只进入一个新的国家的公司通常得不到这样的机会。
3.The advent of the Internet and Intranets has the potential to accelerate the process ofmining all markets for relevant information and for features that can be included in new products.互联网和局域网的来临有可能加快发掘所有的市场找到相关信息和能被用到新产品中的特征的过程。
4.The laboratories co-ordinates their efforts by looking at the possibilities of melding productideas arising from different countries.这些实验室通力协作寻求把产生于不同国家的关于产品的想法加以整合的可能性。
5.The product itself may have been developed with reference to observations of present andpotential customers rather than conventional market research.产品本身的开发也许参考了对现有或潜在客户的观察,而不是常规的市场研究。
商务英语2(科目代码:04010)一、选择填空:阅读下面的对话或句子,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.—Morning, Daniel. Today I’d like to discuss the promotional events of our products with you.—________A.Hi, I agree with what you have just said.B.Good morning, Kevin. Nice to meet you, too.C.Ok. I think we should draw up a thorough plan, first.正确答案: C2.—As you know, I’m not quite familiar with how to shop online.—It’s a piece of cake! I’ll show you how to do it. ________A.First of all, you should find a good e-commerce site.B.Next, add the items in your shopping cart and place the order.C.Then compare the prices and features of the goods you like.正确答案: A3.—Uh, I think online shopping is very time-consuming.—________A.Why do you want to wait and shop in a long line?B.I somewhat agree with you, but not completely.C.Thank you for your time to be with me for the weekend.正确答案: B4.It can be aimed________individuals with select surfing behavior.A.toB.inC.at正确答案: C5.In my opinion, the first thing________is what tools we should use. (考点:不定式结构的用法)A.to be discussedB.discussedC.discussing正确答案: A6.—But why is it so much higher in this market?—______A.I don’t think I can follow the course.B.Sometimes things don’t go as expected.C.There are many rich people in this area.正确答案: C7.—We are now looking for agents to cover southern China.—Excellent. ______A.I’m very familiar with the market there.B.We are full of confidence in the Chinese market, too.C.Our target markets are large corporations and government agencies.8.—Ok, what are your initial thoughts on our computers in China? Is there a market?—______A.There is a computer shop around the corner to the right.B.Our current agent agreements are broken up into regions.C.I am very optimistic about the market opportunities in China.正确答案: C9.This is one of the main ways ______ a business learns what customers want.A.whichB.ofC.that正确答案: C10.As it is known that the aim of every business is to make ______profit as possible.A.as manyB.as muchC.more正确答案: B11.— _______—It will take at least three weeks.A.How soon will you finish our TV commercial?B.When will you finish our TV commercial?C.How long have you finished our TV commercial?正确答案: A12.— _______—Once a week.A.How soon will your department finish the meeting?B.How often does your department hold a meeting?C.How long will the department meeting last?正确答案: B13.— _______—We would like to get in with the fall publication, if possible.A.How much do you plan to spend on advertisement?B.Which edition would you like your advertisement to appear in?C.What do you want to say about your products in the advertisement?正确答案: B14.The Smart Color Laser Copier is comparable_______ professional editing.A.toB.onC.at正确答案: A15.Our advertising rates are_______ size and location.A.depended onB.put onC.based on16.—Is there any time requirement for registration?—_______within 30 days after we receive our business license.A.Sure. We will register withinB.Of course. We might registerC.Certainly.We should register正确答案: C17.— _______—In most cases, it is the total income received.A.What does taxable income refer to?B.Why do you want to know taxable income?C.When do you start to learn taxable income?18.—You want to know about the value added tax, don’t you?—_______A.Yes, you need to introduce it for me.B.Yes, could you give me a brief overview of it?C.Yes, you must tell it to me.正确答案: B19.Denial, do you know how to register ______ the taxation bureau now?A.onB.orC.with正确答案: C20.Mobile banking functions nearly _______ telephone banking.A.the same asB.as same asC.as the same正确答案: A21.— ______—It’s not bad. I have worked in this bank for two years and I love my current job.A.Could you do me a favor?B.How is everything going?C.What’s going on?正确答案: B22.—How about your friend, Li Yan? Does she work in the same department with you?—______A.She is fine, thank you, and you?B.She is fine, thank you, and she’ll be happy to see you again.C.She is an assistant auditor and works in the Auditing Department.正确答案: C23.—Do you mean that deposits and withdrawals are posted to my account immediately?—______A.Yes, we process cash transactions during the working day.B.Yes, we process cash transactions on the second day.C.Yes, we process cash transactions as soon as they take place.正确答案: C24.I have just ______ some dollars into Renminbi.A.been changedB.changedC.been changing正确答案: B25.Online computer systems help us provide a ______ service to our customers.A.speedB.speedyC.speedily正确答案: B26.—But in your case, we strongly recommend War Risks and WPA.—_________A.OK, then please cover both War Risks and WPA for us.B.Well, that rate is acceptable. Thanks.C.But the extra premium is for buyer’s account.正确答案: A27.—Can we discuss the question of commodity inspection?—_________A.OK. As an integral part of the contract, the inspection of goods is particularly important.B.We would prefer to re-inspect goods at the unloading port.C.But there might be some dispute over the results of inspection.正确答案: A28.—Now shall we move on to the next question?—_________A.Thank you for questions on the commodity inspection.B.Importers must have the right to re-inspect goods upon arrival.C.Sure. Let’s talk about thetime of shipment and payment.正确答案: C29.The sandbags stopped her property from_________A.to be floodingB.being floodedC.being flooding正确答案: B30.Who _________the inspection certificate?A.publishesB.issuesC.suggests正确答案: B31.—So could you make an exception and accept D/P?—__________________________A.I shall tell you frankly it would drastically increase our risk.B.Thanks, we are inclined to accept your price.C.We have already tried our best.正确答案: A32.—Is it possible to find alternative payment terms for this order?—__________________________A.I’m afraid not. We insist on a letter of credit.B.No, I think the price is reasonable.C.I can’t be of any help in this respect.正确答案: A33.—I’m afraid the goods we received yesterday are short of weight.—__________________________A.I’m afraid we really couldn’t accept that.B.I suggest maybe should check it again.C.I’m sorry to say the shipment didn’t turn out to be satisfactory.正确答案: C34.We won’t entertain your claim _______ the inspection certification from the Commodity Inspection Bureau.A.unless you will haveB.unless you don’t haveC.unless you have正确答案: C35.The company owns branches not only in Europe _______ in North America.A.butB.but alsoC.as well as正确答案: B36.—I’d like to have credit information about my corporate partner in Australia.—________A.Well, our department deals with all kinds of consultant service.B.Please call me at any time, if you have any questions.C.I have something wrong with the credit of my cooperate partner.正确答案: A37.—What do I have to do to get the credit information of our corporate partner?—________A.OK, we will pass on the report to you as soon as we get it.B.It’s not complicated. Just fill in a form and sign it.C.For our long-term clients, we only charge some direct fees.正确答案: B38.—How can people avoid food contamination nowadays?—________A.People should have balanced food to get different nutrients they need.B.I agree with you on this point, and we should pay more to attention to food safety.C.The government should set strict rules to standardize the production of food.正确答案: C39.Nowadays, more and more attention is being paid ______ “Business Ethics”.B.forC.of正确答案: A40.______it may lead to, they always pursue the profit maximization.A.No matter whereB.No matter whatC.No matter how正确答案: B二、翻译:从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
Unit 1 Self-test 答案题目1—As you know, I’m not quite familiar with how to shop online.—It’s a piece of cake! I’ll show you how to do it.选择一项:A. First of all, you should find a good e-commerce site.B. Next, add the items in your shopping cart and place the order.C. Then compare the prices and features of the goods you like.反馈你的回答正确解析:本题考核“描述过程”的交际用语。
根据上文,此处应该描述网上购物的第一个步骤,所以答案是A。
题目2题干—Morning, Daniel. Today I'd like to discuss the promotional events of our products with you.—选择一项:A. Hi, I agree with what you have just said.B. Good morning, Kevin. Nice to meet you, too.C. Ok. I think we should draw up a thorough plan, first.反馈你的回答正确解析:本题考核“打算和意愿”的交际用语。
当第一说话人提出讨论议题,第二说话人用should提出相应,所以答案是C。
题目3题干—Great! Maybe from now on, I should try to buy goods online.—选择一项:A. I think you need to be a little bit slower.B. That’s all right. Whatever!C. Why not? Go ahead. Just give it a try.反馈你的回答正确解析:本题考核“表示赞同”的交际用语。
课程名称:商务英语二授课对象:国家开放大学经济类专业(金融学、会计学、市场营销、物流管理等)专科二年级学生课程类别:公共英语课程学时/学分:3学分,54学时授课学期:第二学期教学目标:1. 使学生掌握商务英语的基本语法和词汇,提高英语听说读写能力。
2. 培养学生运用英语进行商务沟通的能力,为今后的商务活动打下基础。
3. 增强学生的跨文化交际意识,提高在国际商务环境中的竞争力。
教学内容:1. 商务英语基础语法2. 商务英语词汇3. 商务英语听说技能4. 商务英语阅读理解5. 商务英语写作教学方法:1. 讲授法:讲解商务英语的基本语法、词汇和表达方式。
2. 案例分析法:通过分析实际商务案例,提高学生的实际操作能力。
3. 角色扮演法:让学生在模拟商务场景中运用所学知识进行交流。
4. 小组讨论法:培养学生团队合作精神和沟通能力。
教学过程:第一周:商务英语基础语法1. 介绍课程目标和教学内容。
2. 讲解商务英语常用语法结构,如时态、语态、虚拟语气等。
3. 通过练习题和案例分析,巩固所学知识。
第二周:商务英语词汇1. 介绍商务英语词汇的特点和分类。
2. 讲解商务英语常用词汇,如公司、产品、市场、谈判等。
3. 通过词汇卡片和游戏,帮助学生记忆词汇。
第三周:商务英语听说技能1. 讲解商务英语听说技巧,如听力理解、口语表达等。
2. 通过听力材料和口语练习,提高学生的听说能力。
3. 组织角色扮演,让学生在模拟商务场景中运用所学知识。
第四周:商务英语阅读理解1. 介绍商务英语阅读技巧,如快速阅读、细节理解等。
2. 通过阅读商务文章,提高学生的阅读理解能力。
3. 组织讨论,让学生分享阅读心得。
第五周:商务英语写作1. 介绍商务英语写作的基本格式和技巧。
2. 讲解商务信函、报告、简历等写作方法。
3. 通过写作练习,提高学生的商务英语写作能力。
第六周:课程总结与复习1. 对本学期所学内容进行总结。
2. 通过复习题和模拟测试,帮助学生巩固所学知识。
Unit 2 FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONIn today's business environment, there are three major forms of legal organization: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Before starting a business, you need to make a number of decisions. One of the decisions you have to make is the form of organization your business will take. Usually, it is recommended that owners consider the following questions before choosing their form of organization:What are the firm's goals, and what form contributes most to these goals?How much control of operations does the owner have? What are the costs and procedures of starting a given form of business?How easy will it be to raise more capital? To attract qualified employees?What is the size of the owner's liability (esp. financial responsibility) for the debts and taxes of the firm?Would the firm continue if something happened to the owner? What are the effects of the tax and regulatory laws of the form? Sole ProprietorshipsThe most common form of ownership is a sole proprietorship—that is, a business owned by one individual. In many cases, the sole proprietor also works in the firm. Of course, the proprietor always has complete responsibility for all operating decisions. The majority of sole proprietorships are found in agriculture, wholesale and retail trade, and services. The rest are found in manufacturing and other industries.Sole proprietorships have several advantages that foster their widespread use:Ease and Low Cost of Formation The sole proprietorship is the easiest of all businesses to establish. After securing (apply for and get)any licenses and permits if they are required, the owner simply begins operations. It is also the least expensive type of firm to get going. There are no agreements between parties (as there are for partnerships) and no applications for charters (as there are for corporations). Thus both time and money are conserved.All Profits to the Owner The owner of the sole proprietorship has claim to all the profits the business makes. Of course, if the business is successful, the tax collector will also get a share of them.Direct Control of the Business The proprietor is responsible for all the decisions regarding the operation of the business. It also allows the owners to be flexible and to make the changes quickly in order to meet the changing business conditions.Freedom from Government Regulation All businesses are subject to government control of their activities, but the sole proprietorship has more freedom than other businesses because its formation is not controlled by law. This freedom, however, doesn't mean that proprietorships are exempt from all the regulations of government agencies.No Special Taxation. Proprietorships aren't subject to corporate taxes, and they aren't required to pay income taxes on the profits of their activities. Instead, business profits are taxed as personal income of the owner.Several disadvantages also characterize sole proprietorships:Unstable Business Life The business will last as long as the owner wants to or is able to operate it. It may be impaired or ended by the death or disability of the owner.Difficulty in Attracting Qualified Employees Since proprietorships tend to remain small, they usually offer little potential for management development and promotion into top executive positions; they also tend to provide only limited fringe benefit s. Thus they may find it difficult to attract and keep qualified employees. Unlimited Liability The proprietorship isn't a separate legal entity. That is, the business isn't independent of its owner. Thus the owner is fully liable for all the business debts of the proprietorship---even when they exceed the owner's business assets. In the event of a lawsuit or of failure of the business, the owner can be hold personally liable (to the extent of personal assets) for all creditor claims against the business.1 / 5Difficulty in Raising Capital Given their full liability, owners may have a hard time raising capital to expend their business, because lenders worry about the possibility that the personal creditors will bring claims against business assets. To finance their businesses, sole proprietors often borrow on their life insurance, take second mortgages on their houses, withdraw money from personal savings accounts, and lower their standard of living.Limited Management Expertise The management expertise that can be focused on the problems of the business is limited to that of the owner. There is no one to look to for advice unless the owner hires a consultant.PartnershipsA partnership is an association of two or more persons to work as co-owners of a business. Partnerships are of 3 basic types: general, limited and joint venture. Each type has its own particular value and meets a different set of requirements of the owners.General partnerships are those in which all the partners share in the management and profits of the firm, co-own the assets of the firm, and can act on behalf of the firm. All partners in this type of partnership have unlimited liability for business debts and contracts.Limited partnerships are associations of one or more general partners, who have unlimited liability, and one or more (usually many more) limited partners, whose liability is limited to their capital contributions.Joint ventures are partnerships that are established to undertake a specific project or to operate for a specific amount of time. Once the project (such as building a subdivision or laying a pipeline) is completed or the period of time has come to an end, the partnership is dissolved and the profits are distributed as agreed. Joint ventures are common in the oil and gas extraction industries because the cost of exploring for oil and gas is very high. Some businesses also enter into joint ventures with foreign companies to produce autos, appliances, and other goods. For example, US-based General Motors Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation, based in Japan, have a joint venture called New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc., created for the purpose of producing cars in California.CorporationsA corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing only in the law. It is an legal entity but the existence of it is separated from its owners.Corporations have a distinctive organization structure with several important components. These components are the incorporators, the stockholders, the directors, and the officers.The organizers of a corporation are known as its incorporator s, who must sign the application for a corporate charter. The incorporators also decide on the name of the corporation, its purpose, and the amount of initial shares of stock to issue. Often the incorporators are the people who started the business as a sole proprietorship or partnership.The owners of a corporation are known as its stockholders (or shareholders). Stockholders have rights to sell or transfer their ownership in the corporation (their stocks) at any time, and they can receive dividends. They are also entitled to attend annual meetings, to elect the board of directors, and to vote on a few other matters affecting the corporation, as provided (provision) in the charter and bylaws.The governing authority (administration / management) of each corporation is the board of directors. The directors are elected by the stockholders and are responsible for the overall administration of the corporation. They set major corporate policies, elect corporate officers, and generally oversee the operational and financial affairs of the corporation. In small and medium-size corporations, the stockholders are often the directors.The top-level employees of the corporation who are responsible for its day-to-day operations are the officers (or operating managers). They are elected by the board of directors, and many of them are also the members of the board and stockholders. Some of the titles are President, Chief Executive Officer, Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary.Corporations have several advantages over sole proprietorships and partnerships, primarily the following: Limited Liability Because of its legal standing, corporation affords its owners limited liability for the debts of the firm. That is, the liability of each stockholder for corporate debts is limited to the amount the stockholder invested in the corporation in buying shares of stock. If the corporation goes bankrupt, creditors can look only to corporate assets for satisfaction of their claims.Stability of Existence The life of corporations is unlimited. Corporations are unaffected by death, illness, and withdrawal of stockholders, directors, and officers. They continue to exit and do business unless they are deliberately dissolved or go bankrupt.Relative Ease of Obtaining Additional Capital When corporations want to raise additional funds, they sell stocks to people who have faith in their future growth and profit potential. The initial sale of stocks by a corporation is known as going public.Issue stocks (initial stocks) Go public Initial public offering Be listed / quoted on NYSE Partner in business, investigation, law firm, sex Co-operator in specific projects, right diminished Co-worker in the same organization or occupation Fellow workerColleague in the same line of work, but not necessarily the same organizationAssociate in the same organization but may play different rolesCounterpart in different organization but play similar functionsDissolve company, contract, marriage, etcDismiss students, class, meeting, etcDisassemble a car, a building, toy bricks, etc.Contribution tax, profit, income, revenue contributionDistribution profits, income, products, population distributionAllocation resources allocationonly / single / mere / sole / exclusive----adj.only---no others of the kindHe is an only child=12,900,000 He is a single child=1,930,000 He is a mere child.He is the only / single child in the family who has ever died of lung cancer.mere---no more thanHe is a mere child. He is a mere author of the book. He is merely an author of the book.He is the only author of the book. He is the sole author of the book. He is the single author of the book sole--- (of titles) not shared or (do sth) in no partnership with otherspiano / violin soloist sole child custody sole proprietorexclusive---(of right, or membership) not granted to any othersexclusive sale of tobacco or alcohol products exclusive clubconsumer / customer / client / user, etc.consumer--- one that acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing consumer goods / industrial goods3 / 5customer--- one that buys goods or services (individual or business alike)customer account=8,050,000 consumer account=247,000client--- particularly the one that buys professional services from an agent such as a legal, accounting, advertising, traveling, or real estate serviceuser--- particularly the one that buys and uses machines, equipment, devices, or chemical productscharter / licencecharter--- a document issued by a legislature, or other authority, for creating a public or private corporation, and defining its privileges and purposeslicence--- issued by authorities to allow an activity that would otherwise be forbidden. It may require proving a capability.dog license / driver's license / gun licence / hunting license / marriage license / medical license / teacher’s license / television licenseCharter and BylawSEC. 1. Purpose and Name. SEC. 2. Membership.SEC. 3. Management. SEC. 4. Powers.⏹To own, hold, manage and dispose of all Village property;⏹To make contracts;⏹To sue and be sued;⏹To borrow money from the revolving Indian Credit fund and to use it under a loan contract;⏹To enter into any business or activity that will better the condition of the Village and itsmembers;⏹To do such other things as may be necessary to carry on the business and activities of theVillage.SEC. 5. Limits to Powers.⏹Go against any law or the constitution and by-laws of the Village;⏹Sell or mortgage any land set aside as a reserve for the Village;⏹Make leases, permits or contracts any lands or waters set aside as a reserve for the VillageSEC. 6. Property of Members. SEC. 7. Records.SEC. 8. Changes in the Charter. SEC. 9. Adoption of Charter.Corporate bylaws are drafted by a corporation's founders or directors under the authority of its Charter or Articles of Incorporation. Bylaws widely vary from organization to organization, but generally cover topics such as how directors are elected, how meetings of directors are conducted, and what officers the organization will have and a description of their duties.A common device for remembering the typical articles in bylaws is NOMOMECPA. It stands for Name,Object, Members, Officers, Meetings, Executive board, Committees, Parliamentary authority, Amendment.claim / title / ownershipclaim---a demand for something as rightful or due (business):have a claim on the damage / losses / profitsclaim your car insurance / your social security / your credit to the borrower / your lost dog / the payment due / recognition from your bosstitle---the full legal right to control and dispose of property (legal):Have / hold title to the property / the real estate / the assetSummery:1. How to classify and generalize⏹In today's business environment, there are 3 major forms of legal organization: soleproprietorship, partnership, and corporation.⏹Partnerships are of 3 basic types: general, limited and joint venture.⏹Corporations have a distinctive organization structure with several important components. Thesecomponents are the incorporators, the stockholders, the directors, and the officers.⏹Mergers may be done in different ways. If……., the merge is a horizontal merger. If…………, t hemerger is called vertical merger. Finally, if……….., the merged company is often calledconglomerate.2.How to organize information by listingSole proprietorships have several advantages that foster their widespread use:Ease and Low Cost of Formation All Profits to the OwnerDirect Control of the Business Freedom from Government Regulation No Special Taxation.[文档可能无法思考全面,请浏览后下载,另外祝您生活愉快,工作顺利,万事如意!]5 / 5。
《商务英语(2)》形成性考核册答案《商务英语(2)》作业(1)一、交际用语l. - Morning, Daniel. T oday I'd like to discuss the promotional ev ents of our productswith you.A. I can't agree with you more on that.B. Our customers are satisfied with our products.C. OK. I think we should draw up a thorough plan.2. —OK, what are your initial thoughts on our computers in China? Is there a market?A. They have the most need for computers.B. I am very optimistic about the ma rket opportunities in China.C. Our current agent agreements are broken up into regions.3. ——We would like to get in with the fall publication, if possible.A. What product are we talking about?B. Which edition would you like your adv ertisement to appear in?C. How much do y ou plan to spend on adv ertisement?4. —Do we need to fill in the application form?A. Yes, you must.B. Y es, you need.C. Y es, you may.5. —Great! May be from now on, I should try to buy goods online.A. I think so.B. That's all right.C. Why not? Go ahead.二、选择填空6. I know personal selling is also a v ery effectiv e tool for building buy ers‘confidence.A. toB. upC. with7. We are full of confidence the Chinese market.A. inB. onC. with8. Our adv ertising rates are size and location.A. depended onB. put onC. based on9. People are allowed to their money at ATMs.A. devoteB. depositC. demand10. The profitable sales v olume is the volume of sales that actually will businessthemost profit.A. earnB. getC. take11. Now we are able to browse shops in the world in our own home.A. the most fancyB. fanciestC. the fanciest12. Well, I will get the market survey with my colleagues.A. startB. startedC. to be started13. A good adv ertising program tells potential customers .A. why they need the productB. why do they need the productC. why they don't need the product14. The Smart Color Laser Copier 200 do a lot for y our business.A. had toB. daredC. could15. T ax, can be used in public serv ices, Is v ery important to our country.A. whichB. thatC. what16. Consumption and inv estment, meanwhile, accounted for 4.5 and 1.2 percentagepointsof first-quarter growth .A. respectfullyB. respectably C .respectively17. Any adv ice you giv e us will be kept strictly .A. secretB. unknownC. confidential18. The sandbags stopped her property from .A. to be floodingB. being floodedC. being flooding19. One of the basic functions of a bank is serv ices related to the storing andmanagementof money.1A. provideB. to prov ideC. prov ided20. our come is , tax we should pay.A. The higher, the moreB. Higher, moreC. The highest, the most三、阅读理解21-25 题:阅读对话,从A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出一个正确答案,并将答案序号写在题前括号内。
高级商务英语阅读课文译文第1 课主课文译文新长征“中国制造”这个标记很久以前就不新鲜了,它贴在鞋子上、玩具上、服装上,以及为跨国公司制造的其他商品上,世界各地到处可见。
现在真正新鲜的是以中国品牌出售的中国制造的商品。
目前中国只有为数不多的几家公司拥有足够的财力和管理知识来打造国际名牌;其余的绝大多数公司还在为在国内获得知名度而努力奋斗着。
但是正在海外市场上试水的各大先锋公司,很有可能把事情做大。
一些人认为,在创业精神饱满的本地管理层的协助下,或者在一些想在其产品系列里添加新产品的外国公司的协助下,中国商品在极具竞争力的价格的基础上,若把卖点放在产品质量和异国情调上,那末10 年之内,中国品牌将一个一个地走向全球。
总部在香港的广告公司中国精信(Grey China)的执行董事陈一木丹(Viveca Chan)说:“如果世界上只有一个国家具备创立全球品牌的潜力,那么这个国家就是中国。
”短期之内,中国商品最有希望打入国际市场的当属中草药和特色食品,当然也包括那些体现中国浪漫并具有异国情调的产品,例如化妆品、时装和音乐作品。
中国总部设在上海的泰勒·娜尔森·索福瑞(Taylor Nelson Sofres)市场调研公司的中国区总经理Kevin Tan 说:“与中国相联系的神秘色彩还有许多。
化妆品是种靠形象推销的产品,假如你要做化妆品,你会一下子就发现,中国化妆品来头不小。
”努力走向世界的中国品牌还有一些领导时尚潮头的饮料和啤酒品牌,也包括家用电器等具有品牌潜力的产品,它们都能以竞争性的价格提供高品质的产品。
这些中国品牌中的一部分,最终将会通过合资、兼并和收购的途径走向国际市场。
而对于合资双方中的外国投资者来说,这些品牌则将成为他们更快地进入中国消费市场和销售渠道的载体,同时这些中国品牌也能进一步充实国外投资者在国际市场上已经确立的优质品牌的阵营。
整个20 世纪90 年代,“中国品牌”这个概念一直在发育着,而目前在国内受到的重视更大了。
新视野商务英语综合教程2
新视野商务英语综合教程2是一本广为使用的商务英语教材,它旨在帮助学习者提高他们的商务英语能力。
这本教材提供了丰富的商务场景和实际材料,使学习者能够更好地理解商务英语的用法和表达。
新视野商务英语综合教程2包括多个单元,每个单元都涵盖了不同的商务主题。
每个单元都以话题导入,引发学习者的兴趣,并激发他们对商务英语的学习欲望。
在每个单元中,学习者将学习相关的商务词汇和表达,并通过实践活动来加强他们的语言能力。
本教材的每个单元都包括听力、口语、阅读和写作练习。
听力练习旨在帮助学习者提高听力理解能力,并熟悉商务场景中的语言使用。
口语练习鼓励学习者通过角色扮演和讨论话题来提高口语表达能力。
阅读练习帮助学习者扩展商务词汇和阅读理解能力。
写作练习则旨在锻炼学习者的商务写作技巧。
除了以上练习,本教材还额外提供了一些额外材料,如商务英语写作技巧和商务英语的相关话题讨论。
这些额外材料帮助学习者更全面地掌握商务英语的知识和技能。
总结来说,新视野商务英语综合教程2通过丰富的商务材料和练习,帮助学习者提高他们的商务英语能力。
学习者将通过听力、口语、阅读和写作练习来提升他们的商务英语技能,并通过额外材料来加强他们对商务英语的理解。
Unit 2 FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONIn today's business environment, there are three major forms of legal organization: sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Before starting a business, you need to make a number of decisions. One of the decisions you have to make is the form of organization your business will take. Usually, it is recommended that owners consider the following questions before choosing their form of organization:What are the firm's goals, and what form contributes most to these goals?How much control of operations does the owner have? What are the costs and procedures of starting a given form of business?How easy will it be to raise more capital? To attract qualified employees?What is the size of the owner's liability (esp. financial responsibility) for the debts and taxes of the firm?Would the firm continue if something happened to the owner? What are the effects of the tax and regulatory laws of the form?Sole ProprietorshipsThe most common form of ownership is a sole proprietorship—that is, a business owned by one individual. In many cases, the sole proprietor also works in the firm. Of course, the proprietor always has complete responsibility for all operating decisions. The majority of sole proprietorships are found in agriculture, wholesale and retail trade, and services. The rest are found in manufacturing and other industries.Sole proprietorships have several advantages that foster their widespread use:Ease and Low Cost of Formation The sole proprietorship is the easiest of all businesses to establish. After securing (apply for and get) any licenses and permits if they are required, the owner simply begins operations. It is also the least expensive type of firm to get going. There are no agreements between parties (as there are for partnerships) and no applications for charters (as there are for corporations). Thus both time and money are conserved.All Profits to the Owner The owner of the sole proprietorship has claim to all the profits the business makes. Of course, if the business is successful, the tax collector will also get a share of them.Direct Control of the Business The proprietor is responsible for all the decisions regarding the operation of the business. It also allows the owners to be flexible and to make the changes quickly in order to meet the changing business conditions.Freedom from Government Regulation All businesses are subject to government control of their activities, but the sole proprietorship has more freedom than other businesses because its formation is not controlled by law. This freedom, however, doesn't mean that proprietorships are exempt from all the regulations of government agencies.No Special Taxation. Proprietorships aren't subject to corporate taxes, and they aren't required to pay income taxes on the profits of their activities. Instead, business profits are taxed as personal income of the owner.Several disadvantages also characterize sole proprietorships:Unstable Business Life The business will last as long as the owner wants to or is able to operate it. It may be impaired or ended by the death or disability of the owner.Difficulty in Attracting Qualified Employees Since proprietorships tend to remain small, they usually offer little potential for management development and promotion into top executive positions; they also tend to provide only limited fringe benefit s. Thus they may find it difficult to attract and keep qualified employees.Unlimited Liability The proprietorship isn't a separate legal entity. That is, the business isn't independent of its owner. Thus the owner is fully liable for all the business debts of the proprietorship---even when they exceed the owner's business assets. In the event of a lawsuit or of failure of the business, the owner can be hold personally liable (to the extent of personal assets) for all creditor claims against the business.Difficulty in Raising Capital Given their full liability, owners may have a hard time raising capital to expend their business, because lenders worry about the possibility that the personal creditors will bring claims against business assets. To finance their businesses, sole proprietors often borrow on their life insurance, take second mortgages on their houses, withdraw money from personal savings accounts, and lower their standard of living.Limited Management Expertise The management expertise that can be focused on the problems of the business is limited to that of the owner. There is no one to look to for advice unless the owner hires a consultant.PartnershipsA partnership is an association of two or more persons to work as co-owners of a business. Partnerships are of 3 basic types: general, limited and joint venture. Each type has its own particular value and meets a different set of requirements of the owners.General partnerships are those in which all the partners share in the management and profits of the firm, co-own the assets of the firm, and can act on behalf of the firm. All partners in this type of partnership have unlimited liability for business debts and contracts.Limited partnerships are associations of one or more general partners, who have unlimited liability, and one or more (usually many more) limited partners, whose liability is limited to their capital contributions.Joint ventures are partnerships that are established to undertake a specific project or to operate for a specific amount of time. Once the project (such as building a subdivision or laying a pipeline) is completed or the period of time has come to an end, the partnership is dissolved and the profits are distributed as agreed. Joint ventures are common in the oil and gas extraction industries because the cost of exploring for oil and gas is very high. Some businesses also enter into joint ventures with foreign companies to produce autos, appliances, and other goods. For example, US-based General Motors Corporation and Toyota Motor Corporation, based in Japan, have a joint venture called New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc., created for the purpose of producing cars in California.CorporationsA corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing only in the law. It is an legal entity but the existence of it is separated from its owners.Corporations have a distinctive organization structure with several important components. These components are theincorporators, the stockholders, the directors, and the officers.The organizers of a corporation are known as its incorporator s, who must sign the application for a corporate charter. The incorporators also decide on the name of the corporation, its purpose, and the amount of initial shares of stock to issue. Often the incorporators are the people who started the business as a sole proprietorship or partnership.The owners of a corporation are known as its stockholders (or shareholders). Stockholders have rights to sell or transfer their ownership in the corporation (their stocks) at any time, and they can receive dividends. They are also entitled to2attend annual meetings, to elect the board of directors, and to vote on a few other matters affecting the corporation, as provided (provision) in the charter and bylaws.The governing authority (administration / management) of each corporation is the board of directors. The directors are elected by the stockholders and are responsible for the overall administration of the corporation. They set major corporate policies, elect corporate officers, and generally oversee the operational and financial affairs of the corporation. In small and medium-size corporations, the stockholders are often the directors.The top-level employees of the corporation who are responsible for its day-to-day operations are the officers (or operating managers). They are elected by the board of directors, and many of them are also the members of the board and stockholders. Some of the titles are President, Chief Executive Officer, Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary.Corporations have several advantages over sole proprietorships and partnerships, primarily the following:Limited Liability Because of its legal standing, corporation affords its owners limited liability for the debts of the firm. That is, the liability of each stockholder for corporate debts is limited to the amount the stockholder invested in the corporation in buying shares of stock. If the corporation goes bankrupt, creditors can look only to corporate assets for satisfaction of their claims.Stability of Existence The life of corporations is unlimited. Corporations are unaffected by death, illness, and withdrawal of stockholders, directors, and officers. They continue to exit and do business unless they are deliberately dissolved or go bankrupt.Relative Ease of Obtaining Additional Capital When corporations want to raise additional funds, they sell stocks to people who have faith in their future growth and profit potential. The initial sale of stocks by a corporation is known as going public.Issue stocks (initial stocks) Go public Initial public offering Be listed / quoted on NYSEPartner in business, investigation, law firm, sex Co-operator in specific projects, right diminishedCo-worker in the same organization or occupation Fellow workerColleague in the same line of work, but not necessarily the same organizationAssociate in the same organization but may play different rolesCounterpart in different organization but play similar functionsDissolve company, contract, marriage, etcDismiss students, class, meeting, etcDisassemble a car, a building, toy bricks, etc.Contribution tax, profit, income, revenue contributionDistribution profits, income, products, population distributionAllocation resources allocationonly / single / mere / sole / exclusive----adj.only---no others of the kindHe is an only child=12,900,000 He is a single child=1,930,000 He is a mere child.He is the only / single child in the family who has ever died of lung cancer.mere---no more thanHe is a mere child. He is a mere author of the book. He is merely an author of the book.He is the only author of the book. He is the sole author of the book. He is the single author of the booksole--- (of titles) not shared or (do sth) in no partnership with otherspiano / violin soloist sole child custody sole proprietorexclusive---(of right, or membership) not granted to any othersexclusive sale of tobacco or alcohol products exclusive clubconsumer / customer / client / user, etc.consumer--- one that acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing consumer goods / industrial goodscustomer--- one that buys goods or services (individual or business alike)customer account=8,050,000 consumer account=247,000client--- particularly the one that buys professional services from an agent such as a legal, accounting, advertising, traveling, or real estate serviceuser--- particularly the one that buys and uses machines, equipment, devices, or chemical productscharter / licencecharter--- a document issued by a legislature, or other authority, for creating a public or privatecorporation, and defining its privileges and purposeslicence--- issued by authorities to allow an activity that would otherwise be forbidden. It may require proving a capability.dog license / driver's license / gun licence / hunting license / marriage license / medical license / teacher’s license / television licenseCharter and BylawSEC. 1. Purpose and Name. SEC. 2. Membership.SEC. 3. Management. SEC. 4. Powers.⏹To own, hold, manage and dispose of all Village property;⏹To make contracts;⏹To sue and be sued;⏹To borrow money from the revolving Indian Credit fund and to use it under a loan contract;⏹To enter into any business or activity that will better the condition of the Village and its members;⏹To do such other things as may be necessary to carry on the business and activities of the Village.SEC. 5. Limits to Powers.⏹Go against any law or the constitution and by-laws of the Village;⏹Sell or mortgage any land set aside as a reserve for the Village;⏹Make leases, permits or contracts any lands or waters set aside as a reserve for the VillageSEC. 6. Property of Members. SEC. 7. Records.SEC. 8. Changes in the Charter. SEC. 9. Adoption of Charter.Corporate bylaws are drafted by a corporation's founders or directors under the authority of its Charter or Articles of Incorporation. Bylaws widely vary from organization to organization, but generally cover topics such as how directors are elected, how meetings of directors are conducted, and what officers the organization will have and a description of their duties.4A common device for remembering the typical articles in bylaws is NOMOMECPA. It stands for Name, Object,Members, Officers, Meetings, Executive board, Committees, Parliamentary authority, Amendment.claim / title / ownershipclaim---a demand for something as rightful or due (business):have a claim on the damage / losses / profitsclaim your car insurance / your social security / your credit to the borrower / your lost dog / the payment due / recognition from your bosstitle---the full legal right to control and dispose of property (legal):Have / hold title to the property / the real estate / the assetSummery:1. How to classify and generalize⏹In today's business environment, there are 3 major forms of legal organization: sole proprietorship,partnership, and corporation.⏹Partnerships are of 3 basic types: general, limited and joint venture.⏹Corporations have a distinctive organization structure with several important components. These componentsare the incorporators, the stockholders, the directors, and the officers.⏹Mergers may be done in different ways. If……., the merge is a horizontal merger. If…………, t he merger iscalled vertical merger. Finally, if……….., the merged company is often called conglomerate.2.How to organize information by listingSole proprietorships have several advantages that foster their widespread use:Ease and Low Cost of Formation All Profits to the OwnerDirect Control of the Business Freedom from Government Regulation No Special Taxation.。