全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)重点单词

新标准大学英语综合教程4单词新标准大学英语综合教程4是一本专门为大学生编写的英语教材，旨在帮助学生提高英语综合应用能力。

本文将对该教材中的重点单词进行整理和总结，希望能够帮助学生更好地掌握这些单词，提高英语水平。

1. ambition。

Ambition means a strong desire to do or achieve something. For example, "She has always had a burning ambition to become a famous singer."2. confront。

Confront means to face a difficult situation or person. For example, "She knew that she had to confront her fears in order to overcome them."3. diverse。

Diverse means showing a great deal of variety. For example, "The company has a diverse workforce, with employees from many different backgrounds."4. ethical。

Ethical means relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these. For example, "It is important for businesses to make ethical decisions in order to gain the trust of their customers."5. fluctuate。

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程笔记Unit4Unit 4 Book 1Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.“I mow your lawn,” he said. (Para. 2)How many times is the sentence —“I mow your lawn.” —repeated in the text? Why is it repeated?(The sentence is repeated four times. That’s because it shows T ony’s determination in finding a job, and his optimistic view that people would help a man who needed a job.)2.Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? (Para. 12)Paraphrase the sentence.(It is hard to refuse a person who is determined and hopeful to get a job.)3.My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story. (Para. 16)1) Paraphrase the sentence.(My wife and I were happy with what Tony had achieved, and thought that the whole thing had thus been settled.)2) Was Tony satisfied with this end?(Tony was not satisfied. He kept on working hard until he fulfilled his better dreams.)4.From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place —a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing — T ony would gather and take home. (Para. 21)1) Why did Tony take home the discarded odds and ends?(Tony bought a house, which was a complete wreck. To fixand decorate it, and, above all, to save money, he took home the discarded odds and ends.)2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.(从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。

第一单元1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。

他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。

他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。

但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌—俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。

2 In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。

Unit 1> alliance n.联盟> campaign n.战役，运动> conquest n.战胜，征服> crucial adj.重要的> decisive adj.决定性的> declaration n.公告> efficient adj.有效率的> engage v.吸引> heroic adj.英勇的> instruct v.指导，命令> invasion n.入侵> launch v.发动> limp v.一瘸一拐地走> minus v.减> occupation n.职业，占有> offensive adj.冒犯的> raw adj.阴冷的> reckon v.计算，认为> region n.地区> render v.使成为> resistance n.抵抗> siege v.围攻> stroke n.打击> toll v.征收> underestimate v.低估> weaken v.使虚弱> aboard adv.在船/飞机上> ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的> boast v.吹嘘> cancel v.取消> concern v.关心> contest v.争辩> objective adj.客观的> obstacle n.障碍,干扰> responsible adj.负责的> secure adj.安全的> stiff adj.呆板;坚硬的> withstand v.抵抗> at the cost of以…为代价> be faced of面对> be/get bogged down陷入困境> bide one’s time等待时机> bring to a halt使停止> catch sb. off guard趁某人不备> drag on拖延> be engaged in (doing) sth. 参加> in the case of在…的情况下> press on/ahead继续进行> reckon with处理> stand/get/be in the way妨碍> take a gamble冒险,从事> take its/a toll造成损失> thanks to幸亏> turn the tide局势扭转> call off取消> due to由于> hold out提供> in case万一> on the eve of在…前夕> pay off取得好结果> pin down把…困住> prior to在…之前Unit 2> alert v.使警觉> apart adj.分离的> application n.应用,申请> approximately adv.大约,近似地> automate v.使自动化> bunch n.群,串> calculate v.计算> computerize v.使电脑化> correlate v.使相互有关联> decrease v.减少> detect v.观察,发现> eliminate v.消除,排除> expansion n.扩张> frequency n.频率> hazard v.赌运气> incorporate v.包含,吸收,合并> lane n.小巷,航线,车道> lucrative adj.有利可图的> magnetic adj.有磁性/吸引力> monotonous adj.单调,无变化的> mount v.增加,爬上> orbit n.轨道,眼眶> prototype n.原型,标准,模范> remote adj.遥远的,偏僻的> satellite n.人造卫星> signal n.信号;v.标志> steer v.控制,引导,驾驶> vapor n.蒸汽,烟雾> vibrate v.震动,颤动> accommodate v.适应,调节> address v.着手解决> affordable adj.支付得起的> component n.元件,组件> costly adj.昂贵的> equivalent n.等价物> exposure v.暴露> feasible adj.可行的,可能的> implement v.贯彻,执行> mature v.成熟> realistic adj.真实的> resume v.继续> select v.选择> shift v.转移> stress n.压力v.使紧张> thereby adv.因此,从而> be poised to (do) 做好准备随时> get/be struck in (sth.) 停留,被阻塞> in the air悬而未决;在空气中> send out发送信号> start up发动,启动;开始> take control of控制> turn (sth.)into a reality成为现实> at the start of在…的开始> by means of用，依靠> en route在途中的> in cooperation with合作Unit 3> applicant n.申请人,求职者> barely adv.仅够,几乎没有> beforehand adv.事先> blurt v.不加思考地说出> chuckle v.咯咯的笑> endeavor n.&v.努力,尽力> generously adv.慷慨地> grill v.盘问,烧烤> inadequate adj.不适当的> incidentally adv.顺便提起地> measurable adj.可测量的> partner n.搭档,同伙> physically adj.身体上的> preparation n.准备,预备> prospective adj.预期的> respond v.回答> rude adj.粗鲁的> sparkle v.显露> structure n.构造,结构> taxi v.在水面滑行> veteran n.老兵> administration n.管理,行政部门> benign adj.仁慈的> brand n.商标> carve v.雕刻> clatter v.卡塔卡塔的响> coil v.盘绕> fright n.惊骇,吃惊> intricate adj.复杂的,错综的> lengthen v.使变长> messenger n.信使> mortal adj.终有一死的> pregnant adj.怀孕的,妊娠的> quiver v.颤抖> scrap n.小块,少许> tear v.撕碎> unable adj.不能的> as i see it在我看来> (as) the saying goes俗话说> beyond one’s wildest dreams无论如何也想不到地> follow up采取进一步行动> from one’s/the standpoint (of) 从…的观点来看> go after努力争取> in sb.’s hands为某人所有> in the neighborhood of大约> make a difference产生影响> take/have a crack at尝试> come at向…走来;袭击> get in被接纳或录用> put in a word (for sb.) 为(某人)说情> take on雇用Unit 4> academic n.学者;adj.学术的> accelerate v.使…加速> advantageous adj.有利的> aspire v.渴望得到> asset n.财产;优势> center v.置于中央> considerable adj.相当大的> contradiction adj.矛盾> displace v.取代…的位置> divorce v.使分离，离婚> domestic adj.本国的> earnest adj.诚挚的> economy n.经济;经济制度> elsewhere adv.在别处> endorse v.赞同,认可> entitle v.给…题名> erase v.擦掉,抹掉> establishment n.当权派> facilitate v.使容易> forefront n.最前面> growth n.生长> increasingly adv.在别处> investment n.投资> landmark adj.有重大意义的> network v.交际> outlook n.观点，看法> overtake v.赶上;超过> patriotic adj.爱国的> pendulum n.摆;钟摆> strengthen v.加强> unlike adj.不像> vanish v.不见;不复存在> witness n.目击者v.目击> advantage n.好处> currency n.货币> fatigue n.疲劳> globalize v.使全球化> herald v.预报；预示> inherent adj.内在,固有的> namely adv.就是，即> originate v.发源，开始> participation n.参与> software n.软件> stable adj.稳定的> subsidy n.补贴> a handful of少数的> a variety of多种多样的> at odds with与…相冲突/争吵/ > be committed to承诺,忠于> let alone更不用说> make no/little difference无影响> strike a balance求得平衡> sweep aside不理会> a majority of多数，大半> add to增加> blow up炸毁> phase out逐步取消> in evidence显而易见的> so be it就这样吧> take advantage of利用> you bet的确；当然Unit 5> affectionate adj.充满爱的> broke adj.一文不值的> candid adj.直言不讳的> capable adj.能干的> constitution n.宪法> current n.水流> deceptive adj.靠不住的> definite adj.明确的> hitherto adv.迄今为止> insane adj.蠢极的> instinct n.本能，直觉> mild adj.温和的> oddly adv.奇特地> pawn v.抵押> rub v.摩擦> sip v.小口抿> spicy adj.下流的;辛辣的> stroke v.轻抚> transparent adj.透明的> trim v.击败> vacancy n.空缺> vanity n.虚荣> wrinkle v.使起皱纹> assumption n.假定> dump v.倾倒> fate n.命运> guilt n.内疚> layer n.层> literally adv.简直> shaky adj.颤抖的> sheer adj全然的,纯粹的.> be/go (all) to pieces崩溃，垮掉> down and out穷困潦倒> drive at意指，要说> for sb.’s (own) part/the part of对……来说> go broke一文不值，破产> in a way在某种程度上> in accordance with与……一致> in bad/good condition情况好/坏> oddly enough说来奇怪> something of某种程度上> stick to坚持> be taken aback吃一惊> turn up出现，来到> with (a) bad/good grace勉强地/欣然的> at one time or another在不同场合> be overwhelmed with被(某种感情)深深控制> by far大大地> come to grips with着手处理难题> conjure up弄出，变出> get to one’s feet站起来> get/keep under control控制住> pass judgment on说三道四> reach for伸出手拿> teach sb. a lesson给某人一个教训> think up想出；设计出> well up涌出，流出七、十二经常用腧穴（二）足太阳膀胱经通经行气金门——寒厥，肢端青紫、厥冷京骨——补气，用于小儿惊厥（无高热）束骨——去实热（外感）通谷——高热之抽搐，风热跗阳——霍乱转筋昆仑——项背强仆参——腰背疼痛、中恶（四肢发冷、面色苍白、神志不清）申脉——足外翻特殊作用睛明——眼病次髎——通督，用于腰痛，不孕（子宫后曲）深刺，清利湿热，截瘫病人的二便失禁委中——腰痛（扭伤时放血）拔罐放血大于15ML承山——脚转筋，轻证，进针时站立（注意，重证时不用，改用手、上肢部位穴）飞扬——眉棱骨痛（较新用法）痔（痔疮急性发作时用挑治法）委阳——下肢痿软膏肓俞——虚劳，结核（注意，用“抱肩”体位）噫嘻——具行散阳气，化痰之功，还可用于瘰疠、痰核足少阴肾经养阴：太溪——养阴作用专一，一身之阳复溜——偏于清热（消渴）针刺体位：足背屈阴谷——偏于养阴，本脏之阴照海——偏于清热，一身之热特殊作用涌泉——去湿（脚气、下肢水肿）（湿从下起）新病用针，久病用灸照海——足内翻太溪——耳鸣复溜——盗汗水泉——内湿，下肢水肿，闭经手厥阴心包经心胸疼痛：郗门——剧痛突发间使——（化痰）痰阻持续性疼痛内关——气郁，胸闷痛曲泽——热邪（热郁）。

全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4学生用书unit1语言点Unit onebe prepared for sth +现在分词后置定语He was prepared for the exam coming soon.He was prepared for the date with a beautiful girl graduating from the university.raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzedIndustrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption.conquest, triumph & victory这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。

conquest 指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。

triumph 着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。

victory 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，强调艰辛与成功。

be\get bogged down: be unable to make progressThe local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.Most investigations of the issue seem to bog down when they start talking about the effect of existing telecommunications regulations and fees.当他们开始讨论有关现行电信条款和收费的影响时，这一问题的多项研究似乎就无法进行下去了。

U3applicant n.申请人crack n.尝试，噼啪声grill vt.盘问，烧烤take/have a crack at尝试clip vt.剪下veteran n.老兵clipping n.剪报measurable a.可测量的beforehand ad.事先identifiable a.可识别的follow up采取进一步行动attainable a.可得到的in one's hand为…所有make a difference产生影响hand-deliver vt.亲手交送cabdriver n.出租车司机prospect n.全景，可能性downright ad.完全prospective a.可能成为的rude a.粗鲁的as I see it在我看来filthy a.肮脏的，下流的(as) the saying goes俗话说sport vt.展示，显示simultaneous a.同时的impenetrable a.穿不透的world-class a.世界级的bulletproof a.防弹的athlete n.运动员partition n.隔板preparation n.准备courteous a.彬彬有礼的court n.球场cellular phone手机endeavor n&v.努力blurt vt.脱口而出once-in-a-lifetime a.一辈子一次的respond vi.回答do one's homework事先做好准备mentor n.导师，顾问go after努力争取in the neighbourhood of大约barely ad.几乎没有generous a.慷慨的field-goal n.投篮得分jet n.喷气式飞机half-prepared a.未准备好的taxi vi.（飞机）hammer v.轻易击败 在水面滑行backhand a.反手的gleefully ad.欢快地incidentally ad.顺便提及地beyond anyone's 无论如何都想不到附带地wildest dreamspartner n.搭档sparkle vi.显露（活力、智慧）chuckle vi.咯咯地笑 闪耀physical a.身体的from one's/the从…的观点看按自然法则的standpoint (of)structure n.结构inadequate a.不适当的，不充分的活力、智慧）。

1.The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, which was based on a tactical alliance with other minorparties, has proved successful.劳动党的选择策略已经证明是成功地，这个策略主张和其他的小党派组成一个策略联盟。

2.The government troops recaptured the city from the rebels at the cost of two thousandcasualties政府部队以二万人的伤亡为代价，从版乱者手中重新占领了这所城市.3．By a stroke of good luck, Genelle，who had been buried in the rubble for more than 26 hours，came our alive。

非常侥幸地是，Genelle在瓦砾里埋了26个小时,竟然活着。

4.My brother wasn't badly hurt，but he injured his leg and had to limp around for a few weeks。

我的兄弟伤得不重，但他伤了腿，不得不跛行好几周。

5.The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of minus65 degrees and plus 120degrees。

飞行物要能承受零下65度和120多度温度的考验。

6.Tax incentives combined with cheap labor will attract companies to the western regions ofour country away from the east coast.有廉价劳动力的税收刺激将吸引更多的公司到我国远离东海岸的西部地区.7.To my surprise，the opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offeringsof peace.令我惊讶的是，公开演讲更像宣战书而不是和平提议.8.After a three-day siege by the police，the terrorists who had seized the restaurant had to givein。

2023全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 1 VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 2 Content questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day whenMinnesotawas hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) aNew Yorkcabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating (8)hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1)applicants,veteran, the prospective2)From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar inShanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back fromAustralia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, well have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success.2023全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免费下载地址全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 3 Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleons military campaign againstRussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against theSoviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitlers blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalins scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles foughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tidein the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.。