中考英语语法讲解资料及练第18讲被动语态复习 ABC
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被动语态概述:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的一种逻辑关系。
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语动词要用主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语动词要用被动语态。
例如:主动:I love cats.被动:Cats are loved by me.主动:Many people speak English.被动:English is spoken by many people.想一想:什么情况下用被动语态?1. 被动语态的用法当需要强调动作的承受者,或不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者时,要用被动语态。
例如:The coat is made of silk.Some new computers were stolen last night.More trees must be planted every day.Chinese is spoken by more and more people.2.被动语态的构成助动词be + 动词的过去分词助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,变化规则与be作为系动词时完成一样。
动词的过去分词是常量例如:The window is broken.Bikes were stolen yesterday.3. 各种时态的被动语态。
1)一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are + doneI am moved by the love story.我被这个爱情故事打动了。
The little boy is called David.这个小男孩叫大卫。
Teachers are loved by students.老师受学生的爱戴。
你被要求唱一首歌。
_________________________________________.2)一般过去时的被动语态was/were + doneThe man was killed in the shooting accident.这个人在枪击案中被杀。
中考Grammar:中考英语被动语态语法讲解一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we'reready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A newcinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例I wasgiven ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例By theend of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例Ameeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundredsof jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)shall/will have been done 将来完成时例Theproject will have been completed before July.2、被动语态的句式变化:以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。
整理被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)精品资料欢迎下载本文是初中被动语态的讲解及配套练。
被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它可以用来表达某个动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
下面将介绍主动语态与被动语态的概念,以及被动语态的各种句型和主动语态改被动语态的方法。
一、主动语态与被动语态的概念主动语态是指主语执行动作,而被动语态是指主语承受动作。
需要注意的是,只有及物动词才有被动语态,而不及物动词必须带有介词才能有被动语态。
例如,“We listen to the teacher carefully in class”可以改写为“ The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class”,其中“the teacher”是被动语态的主语,而“us”是动作的执行者。
二、时态动词的被动形式例句被动语态可以用于各种时态,例如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时等。
例如,“He is asked to do this”是一般现在时的被动语态,而“the story was told by her mother”是一般过去时的被动语态。
三、被动语态的各种句型被动语态有肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句等多种句型。
例如,“The song is liked by young people”是肯定句的被动语态,而“the song isn't liked by young people”是否定句的被动语态。
四、主动语态改被动语态的方法将主动语态改为被动语态的方法分为三步:将原句中的宾语改为主语,将动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态),将原来的主语(如果需要的话)放在介词by后面,以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要则省去。
例如,“The man killed a tiger”可以改写为“a tiger was killed by the man”。
实用文档文案大全被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一.被动语态的时态:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态:am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker . 2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you? We will have a meeting . 四.特殊情况的被动语态:1.带双宾语的被动语态:动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。
1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth ——sb +be given sth 或sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth ——sb +be bought + sth 或sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI ______ ______ a book by him.A book ____ ____ _____ me by him . My mother made me a cake .I ____ _____ a cake by my motherA cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。
Unit 9 语法篇__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________被动语态和定语从句1.被动语态(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作蒙受者。
(2). 被动语态基本构造:be+及物动词的过去分词(假如是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般此刻时被动语态为:am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时被动语态为:was/were+ 过去分词与神态动词连用的被动语态:神态动词+ be + 过去分词(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或履行者做介词by 的宾语,放在句末, by 表示“由,被”的意思在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句e.g. I like music that I can dance to.music 是先行词, that 是关系代词He is the man who I met yesterday.man 是先行词, who 是关系代词RULES人 (n.) + who/that + 从句物(n.) + that/which +从句关系代词who; that;的作用:a.做代词,取代先行词b.在从句中担当句子成分:主语或宾语c.做连词,把主句和从句连结起来who / that/which在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致1.--It ’ s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.--I think a bridge( 桥 )______over the river.A. should be builtB.is being builtC. has been builtD. was built2.After Mandela was free ( 自由的 ) in 1990 , he chose to shake hands with the people ________ wanted to kill him.A. whoseB. whichC. /D. who3. The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.A. thatB. whatC. whoseD. Who4. — Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?— I ’ m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people?A. whereB. whatC. thatD. whe n5. Some old people like to live in a flat________ is not very high.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. whose分析:1.A. 考察神态动词的被动语态2.D.考察定语从句3.A. 考察定语从句4.C.考察定语从句5.A. 考察定语从句基础操练I. 用适合的关系词填空(that、 who、 which 、 whom)1.Alice likes singers _________ write their own music.2.Generally , old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle.3.The girl ____________often helps me with my English is from England.4.This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago.5.The man _______ is talking with my father over there is our head teacher.II.依据要求写句子。
初中被动语态精讲精练一、语态:英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
如:He wrote the novel. People grow rice in the south of China。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如:The novel was written by him. Rice is grown in the south of China。
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换1.一般情况下,主动语态变被动语态1).把原句的宾语改成主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。
2)把原句的主语变宾语,若主动句中的主语是人称代词,要将主格变成宾格,用by引出来.3) 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
人们说英语.People speak English in many countries。
英语被说。
English is spoken in many countries..我们造这座桥.We built this bridge last year。
这座桥被建造。
This bridge was built last year.三、各个时态的被动语态的结构初中英语教材中出现了8种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
1.一般现在时: do/does—-—am/is/are doneWe clean the classroom.-——--Our classroom is cleaned every day。
Many countries speak English。
-—— _____________________________________We clean our classroom every day。
-—-________________________________________Does you plant many trees every year?-—- _____________________________________2。
被动语态一、语态分类英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被 ”、“由”的句式。
二、被动语态的结构“被动语态”的构成是:be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)例:His bicycle was stolen .他的自行车被偷。
The building has been built in 2000.那个大楼 2000 年就被建筑了。
三、常用被动语态的用法及构成四、主动语态变被动语态的方法类别构成例句一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are + 过去分词 He is loved by all his pupils. 一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去分词Many trees were planted last year.一般将来时的被动语态will/shall/be going to + be + 过 去分词 Children will be taken good care of by her现在完成时的被动语态have/has + been + 过去分词 The door has been painted. 含情态动词的被动语态can/must/should + be 过去分词The problem must be solved soon.转换图示:宾语变主语/ be+过去分词/主语变为by 五、使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
例: Rice is grown in the south of China.(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。
例:Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station.(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受着。
主动语态: They planted a tree.被动语态: 主语谓语宾语A trefe^was Plantedbbthem.彳列:Your work must be finished today.(4)句子的主语时物。
►第18讲看图写话(讲义)目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析看图写话中考考情分析三看图写话的考向1.看图写话的时态和语态、常考的句型解构、常考的简单句和复合句2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤3.提升必考题型归纳四真题感悟中考看图写话经典考题精选【复习目标】1.看图写话的时态和语态、常考的句型解构、常考的简单句和复合句2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤【考情分析】看图写话命题规律看图写话解题技巧看图写话以图画作为材料,培养学生的观赏、想象和表达能力,是丰富语言积累的好方法,也是写作的第一步。
内容主要包括写人、记事、写景、写物。
下面总结归纳该题型的解题步骤技巧:1.图文结合、审清题意。
看图写话,看图是基础,看图时应先从整体入手,初步感知图画的主要内容,即弄清时间、地点、有什么或者是什么人在干什么。
然后结合所给提示词,初步确定图画所传达的意思。
2.组织语言,构建句子。
在熟练掌握简单的五种基本句型、there be句型、祈使句、感叹句、主从复合句等基础上确定句子结构,然后根据句子结构先表达句子主干部分,再考虑在句子相应位置添加定语、状语等修饰看图写话题型是给出五幅图画,并给出1—2个单词或短语,要求学生结合所给图画和词汇提示写出一个符合图意、句式结构正确的句子。
这一题型句型结构多样,但均较为基础、涉及简单句的五种基本句型、there be句型、祈使句、感叹句、主从复合句等,并结合时态、语态进行考查。
成分。
3.明确时态、语态及词形变化。
根据图文信息判断用哪种时态和语态,同时注意单词的词形变化,如:第三人称单数、名词的单复数、人称代词的主宾格、谓语动词等。
4.图文对照、细审文字、检查修正。
写完全句后,要重新审读一遍,进行修改(语法、用词、拼写、标点等)和加工润色。
特别要注意三点:一是不要漏掉应表达的内容;二是所写内容要符合英语表达习惯,不可根据语法生造句子;三是检查所写句子是否有语法和词汇的错误。
初三英语被动语态讲解与精练-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1初中英语被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken一般过去时:was/were+spoken一般将来时:will/be going to be+spoken过去将来时:would/be going to be+spoken现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken过去进行时:was/were being+spoken现在完成时:have/has been+spoken过去完成时:had been + spoken三、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done)English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2.一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解-专项练习及参考答案被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一.被动语态的时态:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态:am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .四.特殊情况的被动语态:1.带双宾语的被动语态:动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。
1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI ______ ______ a book by him.A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I ____ _____ a cake by my motherA cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。
初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解-专项练习及参考答案被动语态是英语语法中的一种句子结构,用于表达动作的承受者或受事者。
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,而动作的执行者则放在句子的谓语部分,常常使用“be动词+过去分词”的句子结构。
动词的被动语态结构:一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时:was/were+过去分词现在进行时:am/is/are being+过去分词过去进行时:was/were being+过去分词一般将来时:will be+过去分词一般过去将来时:would be+过去分词被动语态的使用:1. 当我们想重点强调句子的承受者,而不是动作执行者时使用被动语态。
例句:The book was written by the famous author. (强调书的作者)2. 当我们不知道动作执行者时使用被动语态。
例句:The window was broken. (不知道是谁打破了窗户)3. 当我们想在句子中使用动名词或不定式作主语时使用被动语态。
例句:Being invited to the party is a great honor. (被邀请去参加聚会是很荣幸的事情)专项练习及参考答案:1. The movie _____ by millions of people last week.A. watchedB. is watchedC. was watchedD. has watched答案:C2. The flowers _____ by the gardener every day.A. were wateredB. waterC. are wateringD. have watered答案:A3. The old town _____ a lot of changes in recent years.A. seesB. is seenC. was seenD. has seen答案:D4. The cake _____ by my mom for my birthday party.A. was madeB. madeC. is madeD. has made答案:A5. The thief _____ by the police in the park yesterday.A. caughtB. is caughtC. was caughtD. catches答案:C6. The table _____ by the carpenter for the customer last week.A. was madeB. madeC. is madeD. has made答案:A7. A lot of houses _____ by the storm last night.A. were destroyedB. destroyC. are destroyingD. have destroyed答案:A8. Your help with the project _____ by the teacher.A. is appreciatedB. appreciatedC. was appreciatedD. has appreciated答案:C9. The castle _____ by the tourists every summer.A. visitsB. is visitedC. was visitedD. has visited答案:B10. The problem _____ by the whole class yesterday.A. was discussedB. discussedC. is discussedD. has discussed答案:A。
中考英语语法讲解资料及练习
第18讲被动语态复习ABC
A.熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为:
一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:shall /will be +p.p.
现在完成时:have /has been +p.p.
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时:should /would be +p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:
①Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.
A.speak
B.is speaking
C.speaks
D.is spoken
(选D。
考查一般现在时的被动语态)
②The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.
A.were told
B.is telling
C.was told
D.tells
(选C。
考查一般过去时的被动语态)
③A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.
A.must
B.must be
C.has
D.have
(选B。
考查含情态动词的被动语态)
B.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。
例如:
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy.
(填was broken)
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。
例如:
①You must throw the broken pottery away at once.
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)
(填m ust be thrown away)
②Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where ______ vegetables ______ ?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
例如:
①He told us a story.(变被动语态)
→We were told a story(by him).或:A story was told to us by him.
②Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.
(填was given to)
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。
例如:
①This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library.
A.take away
B.taken away
C.are taken away
D.be taken away
[D]
②She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).
(填be taken good care of)
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。
注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。
例如:
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.(变被动语态)
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday.
(填was seen to)
4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“to be +过去分词”。
例如:
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city.
A.be building
B.build
C.be built
D.built
[C]
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。
例如:
Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)
→By whom has the cup been broken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。
试比较:
The window is broken.窗子破了。
(系表结构)
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。
(被动语态)
2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修饰。
试比较:
He was very interested in science.他对科学有极大兴趣。
(系表结构)
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。
(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化)
be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造
be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说……
It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……例如:
①—Your coat looks nice.Is it ______ cotton?
—Yes.It's Shanghai.
A.made of;made by
B.made of;made in
C.made for;made by
D.made for;made in
[B]
②This machine is used ______ the room wet.
A.for keeping
B.as keeping
C.keep
D.to keeping
[A]
③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing.
(填It is said;another bridge;built)。