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Section A Door closer, are you?关门者，你是吗？1 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个问题：项羽会怎么做？2 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。
他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了敌方的领地。
他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。
3 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。
他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做法。
不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。
项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。
4 丹·阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。
这本书对看似非理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。
大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学生也不例外。
在调查作决策的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机会消失，即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。
5 实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。
在现实世界里，我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。
”想要一个好的例子吗？一个十多岁的女孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽，但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动，理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场！6 在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏: 在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇门后都会提供一些现金。
该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击100次，你点击获取的钱越多，你就玩得越好。
学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一个点击数，但却不会得到任何钱。
然而，随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。
九年级英语Unit6原文及翻译九年级英语Unit6原文及翻译在九年级的英语教学中，积极的情感态度促发初三学生学习英语的主动性，直观形象的东西容易引起他们的注意，激发他们的兴趣。
以下是店铺整理的九年级英语Unit6原文及翻译，欢迎阅读。
Section AHow time flies! We’ll graduate from Beijing International School this weekend! 时间过得真快！这个周末我们将从北京国际学校毕业了！Yes, and there’s going to be a graduation ceremony. 是的，并且将有一场毕业典礼。
What should we do to get ready for it? 我们应该为毕业典礼做什么准备？I think we should prepare some gifts. 我认为我们应该准备一些礼品。
But, first of all, we must pass our final examination. 但是，首先，我们必须通过我们的.期末考试。
Take it easy. We have worked so hard that we will be able to pass it easily. 别紧张。
我们学习如此的努力，会轻松通过的。
Shall we give speeches at the ceremony? 我们需要在典礼上演讲吗？Perhaps. If so, what are you going to say? 也许吧。
如果是这样，你打算说些什么?I’ll say I have learned not only how to study, but how to be a man. 我会说我学到的不仅仅是怎样学习，也学会了怎样做人。
Thinking back on the past three years, I have learned that if I want to succeed, I must study hard. 回想过去的三年，我领悟到：如果想成功，必须努力学习。
IV. Chines e Transl ation of Paragr aphs1. 旅行好比私通：人总受到背叛自己国家的诱惑。
拥有想象力，必定意味着对自己生活的地方不再满意。
男人都有一种离心倾向，我们渴望旅行，恰似那些寻欢的情人。
2. 也只有在旅行之时，我们才赞赏古旧之物。
在国内——至少对美国人而言，所有东西都必须得是新近的。
但是我们走出国门的时候，却只对古老的东西感兴趣，因为我们想看看那些历经时间侵袭而保存下来的遗迹。
3. 我们旅行的时候，会放下戒备和忧虑，渴望回归过去；我们是向后倒退而非向前迈进；我们培养着自己的歇斯底里。
4. 我们旅行的时候会呈现出自己最好的一面，正如我们穿上自己最漂亮的衣服出行一般，只有我们的护照才会提醒我们，实际上自己是多么平淡无奇！我们出国去认识我们那个陌生的自己，那个诞生在飞机上且令人激动的陌生人。
我们去欧洲观赏那些借便利之名已经从我们的文化中废掉或剔除的一切：宗教、皇室、古雅、差异以及激情。
我们深信其他国家的人民比我们更加热情奔放。
5. 我们每个人都在伪装——不然缘何我们会戴上墨镜并在谈吐举止中尽力模仿另一个地方的本土居民呢？在家里，我们才做回自己；出国后，我们则尽力成为自己始终想做的人。
尽管最近大家都在谈论有关根的话题，但我们中的许多人都厌倦了自己的根，而这根本身也可能入土很浅，于是我们四处旅行，寻找无根的感觉。
6. 人变得好奇起来，旅行也就开始了。
教会的影响力、传统的生活方式、缺乏钱财、难得闲暇, 都制约了人们的好奇心。
直到17世纪，在科学发现的促进之下，物质世界的大门才被撬开。
也只有那时，人们才开始旅行，寻求世俗的快慰。
7. 旅行可增长见识，可洞悉本国或异域的文化，可造就现代人的厌倦感。
Unit 6 课文翻译2d嘿,罗伊,我的学校项目的主题是“小发明改变了世界”。
你能帮我想一个发明?我的荣幸!让我想想…嗯…我知道!拉链!拉链吗?真的是这样一个伟大的发明?想想通常是用于我们的日常生活。
你可以看到拉链在服装,裤子,鞋子,包包…几乎无处不在!嗯, 你似乎是有道理的…当然!我想到它,因为上周我看到一个网站。
列出不同发明的先驱。
为例。
它提到的拉链是惠特科姆贾德森在1893年发明的。
但在那个时候,没有得到广泛应用。
真的吗?因此,什么时候它变得流行了?1917年左右。
3a你知道吗，茶,世界上最受欢迎的饮料(水之后),是偶然被发明?许多人认为茶第一次被喝大约在5000年前。
据说称为神农中国统治者是第一个发现茶作为饮料。
一天神农在篝火上煮沸水，一些树叶从茶树掉进了水里,并在那里停留了一段时间。
这使水产生了一种很好的气味,所以他尝了棕色的水。
这非常的美味,所以,世界上最喜爱的饮料之一被发明出来。
几千年后,鲁豫,“茶圣,”在他的书《茶经》中提到了神农。
这本书介绍了茶树如何生长和用来泡茶。
它还讨论了被生产的最好的茶叶和使用了什么样的水。
2b篮球是一个深受喜爱的活跃的运动，是由许多的乐趣和锻炼的享受。
它有100多年的历史，是由超过100百万人在超过200个国家。
人们认为历史上的第一场篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。
然后在1936柏林奥运会，成为一个项目。
篮球是被名叫詹姆斯•奈史密斯加拿大博士发明的,出生于1861年。
当他是一个大学老师，他被要求想出一个可以在冬天玩的游戏。
奈史密斯博士创造了一个在室内坚硬的地板上玩的游戏。
奈史密斯博士将他们班上分成两个团队，教他们玩他的新游戏。
在同一队的玩家必须共同努力，把球射进其他球队的篮子。
同时，他们需要阻止参赛队把球射进自己的篮子。
今天，篮球运动的普及已在世界各地，许多年轻人梦想成为著名的运动员。
在中国，有时你可以看到人们在公园，学校甚至工厂打篮球。
篮球不仅成为一个受欢迎的运动,但它也成为一个受观众欢迎的运动。
Unit6 A Val entine Story爱情故事1.John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studiedthe crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station.约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来，整了整军装，留意着格兰德中央车站进出的人群。
2.He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl withthe rose. His interest in her had begun twelve months before in a Florida library.Taking a book off the shelf he soon found himself absorbed, not by the words of the book, but by the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind.他在寻找一位姑娘，一位佩带玫瑰的姑娘。
他知其心，但不知其貌。
十二个月前，在佛罗里达州的一个图书馆，他对她产生了兴趣。
他从书架上取下一本书，很快便被吸引住了，不是被书的内容，而是被铅笔写的眉批。
柔和的笔迹显示出其人多思善虑的心灵和富有洞察力的头脑。
3.In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.在书的前页，他找到了前一位拥有人的姓名，霍利斯·梅奈尔小姐。
Unit 6 A Day's WaitErnest HemingwayErnest Hemingway's story is about an incident that happens between a father and his son. The small boy's misunderstanding of the difference in measuring temperature on a Fahrenheit and a Celsius Scale causes him to believe that he is drying of a high fever. However, the father doesn't realize it until very late that day……He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move."What's the matter, Schatz?""I've got a headache.""You better go back to bed.""No. I'm all right.""You go to bed. I'll be you when I'm dressed."But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever."You go up to bed," I said, "You're sick.""I'm all right," he said.When the doctor came be took the boy's temperature."What's is it?" I asked him."One hundred and two."Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instruction for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative, the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia.Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules."Do you want me to read to you?""All right. If you want to, " said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.I read aloud from Howard Pyle's Book of pirates; but I could see he was not following what I was reading."How do you feel, Schatz?" I asked him."Just the same, so far," he said.I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely."Why don't you try to sleep? I'll make you up for the medicine.""I'd rather stay awake."After a while he said to me, "You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.""It doesn't bother me.""No, I mean you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you."I though perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o'clock I went out for a while. It was a bright, cold day, the ground covered with a sleet that had frozen so that it seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice, I took the young Irish setter for a walk up the road and along a frozen creek, but it was difficult to stand or walk on the glassy surface and the red dog slipped and slithered and I fell twice, hard, once dropping my gun and having it slide away over the ice.We flushed a covey of quail under a high clay bank with overhanging brush and I killed two as they went out of sight over the top of the blank. Some of the covey lit in trees, but most of them scattered into brush piles and it was necessary to jump on the ice-coated mounds of brush several times before they would flush. Coming out while you were poised unsteadily on the icy, springy brush they made difficult shooting and I killed two, missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day.At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room."You can't come in," he said. "You mustn't get what I have."I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.I took his temperature."What is it?""Something like a hundred," I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths."It was a hundred and two," he said."Who said so?""The doctor.""Your temperature is all right," I said. "It's nothing to worry about.""I don't worry," he said, "but I can't keep from thinking.""Don't think," I said. "Just take it easy.""I'm taking it easy," he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something."Take this with water.""Do you think it will do any good?""Of course it will."I sat down and opened the Pirate book and commenced to read, but I could see he was not following, so I stooped."About what time do you think I'm going to die?" he asked."What?""About how long will it be before I die?""You aren't going die. What's the matter with you? ""Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred and two.""People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk.""I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred and two."He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning."You poor Schatz," I said. "Poor old Schatz. It's like miles and kilometers. You aren't going to die. That's different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it's ninety-eight.""Are you sure?""Absolutely," I said, "It's like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?""Oh," he said.But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.一天的等待我们还没起床时，走进房间关窗，我注意到他看起来病了。
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 6课文翻译Passage ABefore You ReadWhat do you think of the importance of making friends in daily life?你认为在日常生活中交朋友的重要性是什么？Friends and Friendship朋友和友情There is a famous line- No man is an island from John Donne's Devotion, written more than three hundred years ago. Even now almost everyone doesn't agree him more. No one could lead an ordinary life without friends. Otherwise, our life would be“boring”“dead", and even“out”. Especially in trouble, just like an old saying goes: a friend in need is a friend indeed. We need friends to pour out, communicate, help, support, and encourage. On the contrary, we also need friends to share our joys. But for some of us, it is not easy to make friend.有一句名言——没有人可以成为一座孤岛，这是约翰·唐恩写于三百多年前的关照。
即使现在，几乎每个人都不同意他。
没有朋友，没有人能过上平凡的生活。
否则，我们的生活会“无聊”“死亡”，甚至“出局”。
Unit 6l. Comprehension Checki l.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B l0.A Fii (略) iii (略)lI. Vocabulary Studyi 1. As a matter of fact 2. are plagued 3. versus 4. have been reflecting on5. positive6. is implementing7. will enroll8. has been enriched9. aspiration 10. academic ll. wel1-informed 12. commitment toiil. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. ref1ected6. otherwise7. aspirations8. rated9. strengthened l0. has been decliningiii1.d2.c3.f4.h5.g6.c7.a8.blII. Clozel.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A l0.Dll.C 12.B l3.A l4.B l5.D l6.B l7.B 18.C l9.C 20.BlV. Translationl. Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2. The discovery of gold in the va1leys will enrich the poor mountain area.3. Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admited that she had sto1en the money.4. The meeting wi1l afford you an opportunity of hearing good pub1ic speakers.5. An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry.6. Mary is pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place this year.V. Writing Practicel. l) Computers are advanced machines that can store and recall information at very high speed. Computers are easy and interesting to use; however, some people are afraid of computers. I used to be afraid of computers, too, because of the fear of failure and because I knew nothing about Programming. But actually I have learned that the procedures of working on computers are very easy.2) When we were very young, we believed that parents could do no wrong. Indeed, they seemed to us to be perfect human beings who knew all the answers to our problems and who cou1d solve any problems that we had. However, as we grow older, we find that parents can make mistakes, too.3) Today's children are our future men and women. They will become the dominant force one day. If they receive proper guidance and have a nice childhood, they will contribute immeasurably to our society after they have grown up. In other words, today's children are going tohave a significant impact on our society in the future; therefore, parents should not neglect the proper conditions that children need during their childhood.2.(略)Key to supplementary readingA l.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.DB l.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T l0.T参考译文社会服务经历时大学生的影响琳达J 萨克斯大学期间，参加社会服务的学生比不参加社会服务的学生更能提高自己的领导能力和社交方面的自信。
全新版大学英语综合教程 6课文翻译引言全新版大学英语综合教程作为大学英语综合教材的经典之一，在帮助学生提升英语综合能力方面发挥着重要作用。
本篇文档将对全新版大学英语综合教程第六单元的课文进行翻译，以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握课文内容。
课文翻译Unit 6 A Brave GirlPart 1 Warming UpText ALydia was a 14-year-old girl living with her family in a small village. One day, when she was walking through the village, she saw some children dressed in rags, sitting on the ground and begging. She was deeply moved by their miserable lives and decided to do something to help them.Lydia went home and shared her thoughts with her family. With their support, she started making dolls and selling them to raise money for the poor children. Each doll was carefully handmade with love. The dolls became very popular in thevillage and many people were touched by Lydia’s kindness and determination.As time went on, the number of dolls Lydia made increased. She recruited other volunteers to help her. The volunteers came from different backgrounds but all shared the same goal – to make a difference in the lives of those in need. The enthusiasm and ded ication of the volunteers made Lydia’s project more successful than she had ever imagined.The money raised from selling the dolls was used to provide food, clothing, and education for the poor children. The lives of these children gradually improved, and they began to have hope for a better future. Lydia’s project not only changed the lives of many children but also inspired kindness and compassion in the hearts of people around the village.Lydia’s efforts didn’t stop there. She continued to work hard and expand her project. Her goal was to reach out to as many children as possible, giving them the love and support they deserved. Lydia’s story touched many people, and her project received support and recognition from organizations and individuals both within and outside the village.Lydia’s brave actions and determination taught us that one person can make a difference. She showed us that even the smallest act of kindness can have a ripple effect and bring positive change to the lives of others. Inspired by her story, let us also take action and make a difference in the world.第六单元一个勇敢的女孩第一部分热身活动课文A莉迪亚是一个14岁的女孩，与家人住在一个小村庄里。
2019外研社选择性必修一第六单元课文（中英互译）Unit6Developingideas课文THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD世界上最棒的工作1 How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef? The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided. Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer. You’ll need to report back via weekly blogs, photo diaries and video updates. You’ll also be ask ed to promote the islands through newspapers, magazines and TV interviews.你愿意在一座岛上生活六个月，并照看大堡礁吗？这份工作时间灵活，并提供住宿。
你的主要职责包括探索大堡礁的各个岛屿，探寻当地的自然资源。
你需要通过每周更新博客、创建照片日志和拍摄视频的方式来汇报工作成果，你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访等宣传大堡礁。
2 This call for an island caretaker attracted interest from all over the world. It was actuallya very clever means to highlight the importance of the Great Barrier Reef an d the need to protect it.这则岛屿管理员的招聘广告吸引了全世界的兴趣。
Leisure, Freedom and Liberal Education 休闲，自由以及自由教育 1. Generally speaking, a liberal education, as the name suggests, is an education for freedom. As one commentator describes it, “a liberal education ought to make a person independent of mind, skeptical of authority and received views, prepared to forge an identity for himself or herself, and capable of becoming an individual not bent upon copying other persons.” Accordingly, liberal education is often valued or justified as a means for acquiring the critical thinking skill that are necessary to attain individual autonomy as well as for meeting the demands of an ever changing world. Given this important yet broad purpose, no wonder there is such a vast array of subjects and disciplines that fall within the purview of liberal education. 一般来说，顾名思义，通才教育是一种自由的教育形式。正如一名评论家所描述的，通才教育应当使人思想独立、敢于质疑权威和别人的观点，并为自己建立一个代表自己身份的观点，并能使人有能力成为独立个体，而不是去效仿他人。因此，通才教育被证明或被评价为获得批判性思维，并以获得个人的自由独立以及适应多变世界需求的一种手段。考虑到这种重要用途，毫无疑问，如此众多的学科和准则都属于通才教育的范畴。 2. While this understanding of liberal education as the acquisition of critical thinking skill and individual autonomy is currently in fashion, it is not the only understanding. Traditionally, the ultimate purpose of liberal education had been the pursuit of leisure not critical thinking skills. While developing a critical mind was included in liberal studies, the ultimate purpose was to cultivate a life of contemplation that transcends the workday world. Liberal education for leisure sought to break through a disenchanted view of the world and awaken wonder at mere being. 将通才教育看作是获得批判性思维能力和个人的独立自由的观点在现在很流行，但这不是唯一的理解。传统上，通才教育的最终目的是追求自由的思想，而不是批判性思维能力。虽然发展批判性思想包括于通才教育中，但终极目标是要对生活的思考态度超越平凡的世界。追求休闲的通才教育要打破不再对世界抱有幻想的观点，并唤醒人们的好奇心。 3. To contemporary eras, an education for leisurely contemplation may sound nostalgic, impractical, or even elitist. A Deweyan might regard the promotion of education for leisure as a reversion to an ancient and outdated hierarchical social stratum that promotes escapism and the status quo. And yet this was neither the intention nor the effect of leisure in the traditional understanding. Rather, leisure involved a humble and intense practice of self-examination so as to ensure a genuine freedom. Freedom, it was thought, was not simply the result of critical thinking but also required a vigilant receptivity—a stillness from the busy world of work and the restive probing of a discursive mind. Proponents maintained that this stillness was necessary for beholding and receiving the fullest disclosure of being, and they considered it the foundation of authentic freedom. 对当代人来说，追求自由思想的教育听起来有些怀旧、不现实，更像是精英主义所为。杜威把休闲看作是恢复到古代的、过时的社会等级制度，使人们更加逃避现实，安于现状。然而，在传统理解上，这既不是休闲的意图也不是休闲的作用。确切地说，休闲包括谦逊、认真的自我反省以确保真正意义上的自由，人们认为自由不仅仅是批判性思维的结果，还包括警惕的接受能力——从繁忙的工作中，回归内心平和、坚持探索的心灵。支持者认为这种平和是领悟和接受最真实的现实所必需的，是真正自由的基础。 4. Today, the conditions of modern life suggest how out of place a call for leisure sounds. The preponderance of our attention, observes Abraham Heschel, is directed toward utilitarian pursuits, including the exploitation of our world’s resources. Surveying contemporary Western culture, Josef Pieper also notes the ascendancy of work for work’s sake. Max weber’s statement, “One does not only work in order to live, but on lives for the sake of one’s work,” captures, the prevailing mind-set of our time. This work-obsessed culture makes total claims on time and space, reducing learning to “the way of expediency,” wherein information and knowledge are accumulated for power and mastery. Universities, rather than being a space apart from the world of work, become engrossed by it. 如今，现代生活的条件表明，追求休闲是多么地不合时宜。由亚伯拉罕所观察到的，我们大部分的注意力都是对实用主义的追求，甚至包括对自然资源的利用上太过功利。审视当代的西方文化，约瑟夫﹒皮珀也认为为工作而工作具有普遍性。马克思﹒韦伯也指出，人不仅是为了活着而工作，而是为了工作而活着，这反映了所盛行的思维方式。工作狂文化使所有的人都在争取时间和空间，学习已沦为一种权宜之计，信息和知识的积累只是为了未来的权利和控制。大学现在不再是一个远离工作的场所，反而是过度关注它。 5. Given such conditions, leisure does contradict the values that drive modern life. However, it is in light of this hegemonic ethos of work that l submit educators should be interested in the historic association of liberal education and leisure. A liberal education for leisure offers a valuable defense against the world of work that a liberal education for critical thinking is vulnerable to. More important, leisure offers a valuable way of learning that ushers in an authentic freedom that a critical approach to learning and liberal education does not. 从这种角度，休闲的确与现代生活的价值观相冲突。尽管如此，正是鉴于这种霸道的工作作风，我主张教育者应该更关注那些历史悠久的研究通才教育和休闲教育的协会。休闲教育能够为工作世界的观点提供强有力的反驳，而这种观点认为通才教育旨在培养批判教育的方式是不堪一击的。更重要的是，休闲教育提供了一种开创了真正自由的非常宝贵的学习方式，而这是培养批判性思维学习方式所不能做到的。 6. In short, cultivating a leisured way of life has been and ought to be an essential part of what is considered a liberal education. A liberal education for leisure, it will be shown, holds some challenging initiatives for the way liberal education is often conceived and practiced. 总之，培养一种休闲的生活方式不仅过去是、也应该是通才教育的很重要的组成部分。追求休闲的通才教育会被证明是具有挑战性的措施，这才是通才教育所设计和实施的方式。 Leisure and Freedom 休闲与自由 7. Though far from passive, leisure can be misconstrued as a form of quietism. As noted, a Deweyan or Marxist critic might contend that leisure, in cultivation passivity, maintains the status quo and thus fails to address or embolden the free agency required to promote social change. This criticism is specious. Rather than passivity, the leisure that Pieper and Heschel call forth involves an intense practice of self-examination that cultivates true freedom by guarding against idleness, compulsive busyness, and pointless desires. 尽管休闲绝非被动，但仍被大家误解为清净无为。如上所述，杜威流派或马克思主义批判者主张既然休闲是被动的维持现状，那它就不能应对推动社会变革的自由意志。这些批判似是而非，而皮珀和赫舍尔推崇的休闲并不是被动的，它认为休闲是一种通过阻止懒散、强制性的忙碌和无意义的欲望来培养真正自由的自我反省式的实践。 8. Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Elder Zossima in The Brothers Karamazov illuminates this point when he contrasts worldly freedom with the freedom cultivated by monks. Worldly freedom, Zossima argues, is more often than not a form of slavery to countless unnecessary desires. Accordingly, worldly freedom is externally understood as the ability to satisfy desires. What this means for the rich, he says, is “isolation and spiritual suicide; for the poor, envy and murder, for they have been given rights, but have not yet been shown any way of satisfying their needs.” Such a person is not free but a slave “to satisfying the innumerable needs they have invented for themselves.” 菲奥多尔·陀斯妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中塑造的长老若司马在对比世俗自由和僧侣追求的自由时解释了这个观点。若司马认为世俗自由是满足无谓欲望的奴隶。因此，从表面上看，世俗自由可以理解成一种满足欲望的能力。他说：“对于富人来讲，世俗自由是孤立无援和精神自杀；对于穷人来讲，则是嫉妒和谋杀。虽然他们被赋予这种权利，却没有任何办法来满足他们的需求。”这种人不是自由的，只是满足自我设想的无穷无尽需求的奴隶。 9. Zossima contrasts worldly freedom against monastic freedom, characterized as it is by obedience, fasting, and prayer. These practices, he notes, are laughed at, but it is only through them that one is able to cut away superfluous needs, humble oneself, and thereby attain true interior freedom. The monk’s freedom, while seemingly passive, is in truth a deeper, more vigilant pursuit of freedom. 若司马将世俗自由与僧侣自由进行比较，认为僧侣自由的特点是顺从、禁食、祷告。尽管僧侣的这些做法被人们取笑，但只有如此僧侣才能去掉多余的需求，谦逊自我，获得真正的内在的自由。他们的自由看似被动却是实质的深层次的对自由警醒的追求。
