简介
“我还想要什么呢？”黑骏马描述他愉快的家和好心的主人时说。“自由！在我生命的头4年，我曾拥有那么广阔的田野，我可以在那儿全速奔驰——没有缰绳，没有嚼口，也没有眼罩。现在，除了有活儿干的时候，我得日夜呆在马厩里”。
在19世纪70年代，有很多活儿要马来干——在各种天气中，拉着各种车子穿过拥挤的城市，走过乡村的小道。
黑骏马受过良好的训练。他知道他永不能踢、咬或是逃跑，永远都得服从命令，不管多累多饿。他总是举止得体，但是当他从一个主人被卖到另一个主人，他懂得了一匹马的一生是多么艰难，某些人又是多么愚蠢和多么冷酷……
安娜·塞维尔于1820年生于诺福克，于1878年去世。出于对虐待动物的强烈不满，她写下了《黑骏马》，以说服人们对马仁慈一些。这是她身染重病的时候花了6年的时间写的，也是她写的唯一的一本书。本书出版后不久她就去世了，从那时以来这本书销售了3，000多万本。
1 My first home
The first place I can remember well was a pleasant field with a pond of clear water in it．Trees made shadows over the pond，and water plants grew at the deep end．On one side was another field，and on the other side we looked over a gate at our master's house，which stood by the roadside．At the top of our field were more tall trees，and at the bottom was a fast-running stream．
While I was young，I lived on my mother's milk，but as soon as I was old enough to eat grass，my mother went out to work during the day and came back in the evening．
There were six other young horses in me field，although they were older than I was．We all galloped together round the field，and had great fun．But sometimes the others would kick and bite．
'They are young farm horses and haven't learned how to behave，'my mother told me．'You are different．Your father is well known，and your grandfather twice won the most important race at Newmarket．Your grandmother was quiet and gentle，and you have never seen me kick or bite，have you？I hope you will grow up to be gentle and a willing worker，and never bite or kick．'
I have never forgotten my mother's advice．She was a clever and sensible old horse．Her name was Duchess，but our master often called her Pet．He was a good，kind man，and my mother loved him very much．Whenever she saw him at the gate，she trotted across．He used to pat her and say，'Well，old Pet，and how is your little Darkie？'I was a dull black colour，so he called me Darkie．He sometimes brought a piece of bread for me，or a carrot for my mother，and I think we were his favourites．When I was two years old，something happened which I have never forgotten．It was early spring，and there was a light mist over the trees and fields．I and the other young horses were feeding at the lower end of the field when we heard the distant cry of dogs．
The oldest among us lifted his head to listen．'There are the hounds！'he said，and immediately raced off．The rest of us followed him to the top of the field，where we could see several fields beyond．
My mother and another old horse were standing near．'They've found a hare，'said my mother，'and if they come this way，we shall see the hunt．' Soon the dogs were all racing down the field next to ours，making a loud'yo-yo-yo-yo！'sound at the top of their voices．After them came men on horses，some in green coats，and all galloping as fast as they could．Suddenly，the dogs be-came silent and ran around with their noses to the ground．
'They've lost the smell of the hare，'said the old horse．'Perhaps it will escape．' But the dogs began their'yo-yo-yo-yo！'again and came at full speed towards our field．Just then a hare，wild with fear，ran towards the trees．The dogs jumped over the stream and ran across the field，followed by the huntsmen．Six or eight jumped their horses over the stream，close behind the dogs．Be-fore the hare could get
away，the dogs were upon her with wild cries．
We heard a terrible scream，and that was the end of the hare．One of the men picked her up and held her by the leg．She was covered in blood，but all the huntsmen seemed pleased．
I was so greatly surprised that at first I did not see what was happening by the stream，but when I did look，I saw a sad sight．Two fine horses were down，one in the stream and the other on the grass．One rider，who seemed unhurt，was climb-ing out of the water，but the other lay quite still．
'His neck is broken，'said my mother．'I can't understand why men are so fond of this sport．They quite often hurt them-selves and ruin good horses，all for one hare that they could get more easily some other way．But we are only horses，and don't know why men do these things．'
They carried the dead rider to our master's house，and I heard afterwards that it was George Gordon，the only son of a local landowner，and a fine young man．
A man from the village came to look at the black horse on the grass．The animal was in great pain and one of his legs was broken．The man began to feel the horse all over，then he shook his head．Someone ran to our master's house and came back with a gun．Soon after，there was a loud bang and a terrible cry，then all was still．The black horse did not move again．
My mother was very unhappy．'I've known that horse for years，'she said．'His name was Rob Roy．He was a good brave horse．'She never went near that end of the field again．
Not many days after，we heard the church bell and saw a long，strange black carriage，pulled by black horses．they were taking the body of young George Gordon to the churchyard to bury him．He would never ride again．I never knew what they did with Rob Roy，but it was all for one little hare．
1 我的第一个家
我记忆中的第一个地方是一大片美丽的田野和一个清澈的池塘。树影倒映在塘中，深水中长着水草。田野的一边连着另一片田野，从另一边越过一道门能看见主人的房子就在路边。田野高处是片高高的树林，低处是一条湍流不息的小河。
我小时候吃妈妈的奶，等我长大了，能吃草了，妈妈就白天出去干活，晚上回来。
在这片田野上还有另外6匹年轻的马，他们比我大。我们一起奔跑着穿过田野，非常好玩。不过有时他们会踢打撕咬起来。
“他们是年轻的农场马，没学过怎么举手投足，”妈妈告诉我，“你是不同的。你爸爸很有名，你的祖父曾两次在纽马克特得过最重要的赛马比赛的冠军。你的祖母又安静又温和，你也没看见过我踢人或咬人，是吧？我希望你长大以后能够性情温和、工作勤劳，永远不要踢咬。”
我从没忘记过妈妈的忠告。她是一匹聪慧、明理的老马，叫杜琪丝，不过我们主人常叫她宝贝。他是一个善良的好人，我妈妈非常爱他。每当看到他出现在门口，妈妈就快步跑过去。他常拍拍她说：“喂，老宝贝，你的小黑好吗？”我全身都是深黑色，所以他叫我小黑。有时他带给我一片面包，或是给我妈妈一根胡萝卜，我觉得我们是他的心头肉。
我两岁的时候，发生了一件我永远无法忘掉的事。那是一个初春，树林和田野都笼罩着一层薄雾。我和其他年轻的马们在田野的低地边吃草，这时我们听到远处传来狗的叫声。
我们中年纪最大的一个抬头听了听，说：“是猎犬！”然后他立刻跑了过去。我们也跟着他往高处跑，在那儿我们能看见远处的几片田野。
我妈妈和另一匹老马正站在附近。“他们发现了一只野免，”妈妈说，“如果他们往这边来，我们就能看到这场狩猎。”
很快猎犬们向我们旁边的田野冲下来，高声地狂吠着。随后人们骑着马跑来了，有的穿着绿色外衣，全都尽力飞奔。突然，狗们静了下来，边跑边用鼻子在周围的地面上嗅。
“他们闻不着兔子的味儿了，”那匹老马说，“也许兔子能跑掉。”
但是狗们又叫开了，并全速向我们的田野冲来。这时一只野兔向树林冲来，简直吓疯了。狗们跳过小河跑过田野，猎人们紧随其后。6或8个人策马跃过小
河，紧跟在狗后面。在野兔能逃走之前，狗们已经狂野地吠着扑到了她身上。
我们听到了一声可怕的尖叫，那只野兔就这么完了。一个人抓住她的腿把她拎了起来。兔子全身血淋淋的，但所有的猎人看上去都很高兴。
我吃惊地看着这一幕，没顾得上看河边的情形。可是当我望过去的时候，看到的则是一幅悲惨的景象。两匹好马倒在那里，一匹在河水里，另一匹在草地上。一个骑手正从水里往外爬，看上去没受伤，但另一个却静静地躺在地上。
“他脖子折断了，”我妈妈说。“我真不明白为什么人们如此喜爱这种游戏。他们经常伤了自己，也毁了好马，这一切就是为了一只野兔。而他们本可以很容易地以其他方式获得的。不过我们只是马，搞不懂人们为什么这样做。”
他们把死了的骑手抬到我们主人的房子里，后来我听说那是乔治·高顿，本地农场主的独生子，一个挺不错的小伙子。
一个人从村里出来看草地上的那匹黑马。那马痛得要命，一条腿断了。那人摸了摸马的全身，然后摇了摇头。有人跑回我们主人的房子，拿来了一枝枪。随后是一声巨响和一声可怕的长嘶，一切便都静了下来。那匹黑马一动不动了。
我妈妈非常不高兴。“我认识那马有好几年了，”她说，“他叫罗伯·罗伊，是一匹勇敢的好马。”她从此再没靠近过那片田野。
没过几天，我们听到了教堂的钟声，还看见一辆长长的、奇怪的黑色马车，被几匹黑马拉着。他们是在把年轻的乔治·高顿的遗体运到墓地去埋掉。他永远不能再骑马了。我不知他们对罗伯·罗伊是怎么处置的，但这一切都不过是为了一只小野兔。
2 Birtwick Park
I was beginning to grow handsome．My coat was fine and soft，and was a shiny black．I had one white foot，and a pretty white star on my forehead．When I was
four years old，Mr Gordon came to look at me．He looked closely at my eyes，my mouth，and my legs，and then I had to walk and trot and gallop for him．'When he has been trained，'Mr Gordon said to my master，'he will do very well．'
My master liked to train his horses himself before selling them，and the next day my training began．
To train a horse is to teach him to wear a saddle，and to carry a man，woman or child on his back．The horse must also learn to wear a collar，and to stand still when it is put on；then to have a carriage fixed behind him，and to go fast or slow，whichever his driver wishes．He must never bite or kick or talk to other horses，and must always do what his master tells him，however tired or hungry he feels．Like all horses that have grown up，I had to wear a bit and bridle．A bit is a great piece of cold hard metal，as thick as a man's finger，which is pushed into a horse's mouth between his teeth and over his tongue，with the ends coming out at the corners．It is held there by straps which go over the horse's head，under his neck，round his nose and under his chin．Reins，which the rider holds，are fastened to each end of the bit．Slowly，with my master's kind words and gentle ways，I learned to wear my bit and bridle．
Next there was the saddle．My master put it on my back very gently，then fixed the straps under my body，speaking qui-etly to me all the time．Then one morning，he got on my back and rode me round the field on the soft grass．He did this every day until I was used to it．Then he took me to the village where a man fixed metal shoes on to each hoof．My feet felt heavy and strange，but I got used to this，too．There were more new things to wear．First，a heavy collar on my neck，and a bridle with great side pieces against my eyes，called blinkers．With these on，I could only see in front of me．But in time I got used to everything，and could do my work as well as my mother．
For a fortnight，my master sent me to a neighbour's farm for another kind of training，which was very useful to me．One field was next to the railway and had
sheep and cows in it，and I was put in among them．I shall never forget the first train that thundered by，and how I galloped to the far side of the field，trembling with fear at this terrible noise．But after a few days I cared as little as the sheep and cows when a train passed by．
It was early in May when a man came to take me away to Mr Gordon's house．My master said，'Goodbye，Darkie．Be a good horse，and always do your best．'I put my nose into his hand and he patted me kindly，and then I left my first home．
* * *
Mr Gordon's house，which was called the Hall，stood in Birtwick Park，near the village．We went into the Park through a large gate，then trotted along a smooth road between some trees to the house and gardens．Beyond this were the stables．There was room for many horses and carriages．My stable had four good stalls and a large window．It was very pleasant．The first stall was called a loose box，where a horse is not tied up all the time but is free to move around as he likes．It is a great thing to have a loose box．The groom put me into it and gave me some oats．Then he patted me，spoke kindly，and went away．In the stall next to mine stood a little fat grey pony．
'Hello，'I said．'What is your name？'
'Merrylegs，'he said，turning round．'I'm very handsome．I carry the young ladies on my back，and sometimes I take Mrs Gordon out in one of the carriages．Are you going to live next to me in the box？'
'Yes，'I said．
'Then I hope you are well-behaved，'he said．'I don't like anyone who bites．'
A horse's head looked over from the stall beyond．It was a tall brown mare，and she did not look pleased．'So it's you who has turned me out of my bx，'she said．'I'm sorry，'I said，'but the man put me in here，so it is not my fault．I don't want to argue with anyone；I just wish to live in peace．
Later，Merrylegs told me about the tall brown mare．
'Ginger has a bad habit of biting people，'he explained．'One day，she bit James in the arm，and Miss Flora and Miss Jessie，the children，were afraid to come into the stable after that．If you don't bite，I hope they'll start to come again．'
I told him I never bit anything except grass and could not understand why Ginger bit people．
'No one was ever kind to her before she came here，'said Merrylegs．'John and James do all they can to please her，and our master is never unkind．I'm twelve years old，and I know that there isn't a better place for a horse all round the country than this．John has been here fourteen years and is the best groom there ever was．And you never saw a kinder stableboy than James．There was no reason for Ginger to bite anyone．It's her own fault that she did not stay in the box．'
The name of the groom was John Manly．The next morning，he got out his brushes and gave me a good grooming，then put a saddle on me．He rode me slowly at first，then at a trot，then at a gallop．As we came back through the Park，we met Mr and Mrs Gordon．They stopped and John jumped off．
'Well，John，how does he go？'said Mr Gordon．
'He's a fine horse，sir，'said John．'He's fast，but the light-est touch of the rein will guide him．They were shooting birds near Highwood，and a gun went off closeby．He pulled up a lit-tle，but I just held the rein and he wasn't frightened at all．It's my opinion he was never frightened or beaten when he was young．' 'Good，'said Mr Gordon．'I'll ride him tomorrow．'
I remembered my mother's advice，and the next day I tried to do exactly what my master wanted me to do．He was a very good rider，and when he came home his wife was waiting for him at the door．
'How do you like him，my dear？'she asked．
'I have never ridden a more pleasant horse，'answered Mr Gordon．'What shall we call him？'
'What about Blackbird，like your uncle's old horse？'said his wife．
'He's far handsomer than Blackbird，'said Mr Gordon．
'Yes，'she said，'he's quite a beauty，and he has a kind，in-telligent face．Shall we call him Black Beauty？'
'Black Beauty—why，yes，I think that's a very good name，'said Mr Gordon．John went into the stable and told James．
'I'd call him Rob Roy，'said James，'if it did not remind ev-eryone of the past．I never saw two horses more alike．'
'That's not surprising，'said John．'Didn't you know that Farmer Grey's old Duchess was the mother of them both？'
So poor Rob Roy who was killed at the hunt was my brother！Now I understood why my mother was so unhappy when he died．
John was very proud of me，and seemed to know just how a horse feels．And James was kind，too．
A day or two later，I went out in the carriage with Ginger．I wondered how we would get on together，but I found it easy to trot along beside her．Merrylegs was a happy little pony and was everyone's favourite．We were soon great friends and I became quite happy in my new home．
2 伯特威克庄园
我开始长得英俊了。我的毛细腻柔软，油黑油黑的，有一只脚是白色的，前额上还有一颗漂亮的白星。在我4岁时，高顿先生来看我。他仔细地看了我的眼睛、嘴巴和腿，然后我为他表演了走步、小跑和奔驰。
“把他训练一下，”高顿先生对我的主人说，“他会做得很好。”
我的主人喜欢在卖马前亲自驯马，于是第二天我的训练开始了。
训练一匹马，要教他学会配戴马鞍，驮男人、女人和小孩。这匹马还得学会戴轭具，在套轭具时，得站稳了不能移动；然后还得学会在身后套上一辆马车，按赶车人的意思快走或慢走。他永远不得踢、咬或者和其他马闲聊，而且不管多累多饿，都必须永远服从主人。
和所有成年的马一样，我得戴上嚼口和笼头。马嚼口是一大片又冷又硬的金
属，像人的手指那么厚，塞进马嘴，卡在上下两排牙齿之间，舌头之上，末端从嘴角伸出来。勒住嚼口的绳子绕着马头，经过脖子下面，围着鼻子和下巴颏儿。马夫手里的缰绳紧紧系住嚼口的两端。慢慢地，在我主人的好言好语和温柔的动作引导下，我学会了戴嚼口和笼头。
下一步是戴马鞍。主人非常轻柔地把它放到我的背上，把绳子在我的肚皮下系住。他一直轻轻地跟我说着话。然后一天早上，他骑上我在软软的草上绕着田野走了走。他每天都这样，直到我习惯了为止。然后他带我到村里的一个人那儿，给我的每只脚都钉上了掌。我的脚觉得又沉又怪，不过后来我连这个也习惯了。
还有好多新东西要戴。首先，是脖子上重重的轭具，还有笼头，带着一大块挡住我的眼睛的叫作马眼罩的东西。戴上它们，我只能看见我前方的东西。但渐渐地我适应了这一切，而且能把活干得和妈妈一样好了。
有两周的时间，主人把我送到邻居的农场里进行另一项训练，这对我非常有用。这是一片靠近铁路的田野，有羊，有牛，我被放到他们中间。我永远忘不了当第一辆火车轰鸣而过的时候，我是如何害怕得浑身颤抖，如何飞也似地逃得远远的。不过几天以后，再有火车过时，我已和那些牛羊一样若无其事了。
5月初，一个男人来带我去高顿先生家。我主人说：“再见了，小黑，做一匹好马，永远全力而为。”我把鼻子放在他手里，他亲切地拍了拍我，然后我就离开了我的第一个家。
* * *
高顿先生的房子叫作大宅，就在村子附近的伯特威克庄园。我们穿过一个大门走进去，小跑着经过一条平坦的通向房子和花园的林间路，尽头是一排马厩。
这里很大，能容得下很多马匹和马车。我的马厩分成挺像样的4个栏，还有一扇大窗。真体面。第一栏叫作“放饲马房”，在这儿马不拴着，想怎么走动都可以。有这么一个自由的空间真是太好了。马夫牵我进屋，喂了我一些燕麦。然后他拍拍我，温和地说了几句就走了。在我隔壁是一匹胖乎乎的小灰马。
“你好，”我说，“你叫什么名字？”
“乐腿儿，”他说着转过身来。“我很漂亮。我驮着小姐们，有时还拉车带高顿夫人出去。你要住在我隔壁吗？”
“是的，”我说。
“那我希望你举止得体，”他说，“我不喜欢爱咬人的马。”
一匹马的头从那边的栏里探出来，那是一匹高高的棕色母马。她看上去不太高兴。“这么说就是你把我从我的栏里赶出来的了，”她说。
“对不起，”我说，“但是是那个人把我放在这儿的，这可不是我的错。我不想和谁吵架，只想平平安安地过日子。”
后来，乐腿儿给我讲了高个儿棕色母马的事情。
“金儿有个坏毛病，就是爱咬人，”他说。“一天，她咬了詹姆斯的胳膊，后来弗劳拉小姐、洁茜小姐和其他孩子就不敢到马厩来了。如果你不咬，我希望他们会再来。”
我告诉他我除了青草以外，什么都不咬，也想不透金儿为什么咬人。
“她来这儿之前没人对她好过。”乐腿儿说。“约翰和詹姆斯想尽办法逗她乐，我们主人也从没有对她不好。我12岁了，我可知道对一匹马来说，附近再没一个地方比这儿更好了。约翰在这儿14年了，是有史以来最棒的马夫。詹姆斯呢，你也找不到比他更好的马童了。金儿没有理由咬任何人。她不能呆在马厩里，这是她的错。”
马夫叫约翰·曼利。第二天早上，他用刷子把我好好刷洗了一通，然后给我备上了鞍。他起先骑上我慢慢地走，然后是小跑，再后是飞奔。我们穿过庄园回来时，碰上了高顿先生和太太。他们停住脚，约翰跳了下来。
“啊，约翰，他怎么样？”高顿先生说。
“先生，他是匹好马。”约翰说。“他速度很快，轻轻地一碰缰绳就知道往哪儿走。有人在树林附近打鸟，有一枪就响在旁边，他吓了一小跳，可是我只管抓着缰绳，他就一点儿也不怕了。我觉得他小时候可能从没受过惊吓，也没挨过打。”
“好啊，”高顿先生说，“我明天骑骑他。”
我还记着妈妈的话，第二天我努力按主人的意思做。他是个非常好的骑手。他回家时，他的太太在门口等着他。
“亲爱的，你觉得他怎么样？”她问。
“我还从没骑过这么让人喜欢的马呢，”高顿先生说。“我们叫他什么名字呢？”
“就跟你叔叔以前的那匹一样，叫黑鸟怎么样？”他太太问。
“他可比黑鸟漂亮多了，”高顿先生说。
“是啊，”她说，“他真美，他有一张善良、聪明的脸。我们叫他黑骏马怎么样？”
“黑骏马——咦，对呀，我觉得这是个非常好的名字。”高顿先生说。
约翰走进马厩把这一切告诉了詹姆斯。
“我愿意叫他罗伯·罗伊，”詹姆斯说，“要是这不会让人想起过去那段事的话。我从没见过两匹马这么相像过。”
“那不奇怪，”约翰说，“你不知道这两匹马的妈妈都是农夫格雷的老杜琪丝吗？”
原来，在那场狩猎中死去的可怜的罗伯·罗伊是我哥哥！现在我明白了为什么他死时我妈妈那么不高兴了。
约翰十分以我为荣，而且好像知道马的心思。詹姆斯也很好。
一两天后，我和金儿一起拉车出去。我开始还担心我们能不能相处得好，后来发现和她一起小跑还是挺自在的。
乐腿儿是一匹乐呵呵的小马驹，也是大家的宝贝。我们很快成了好朋友，我在新家里逐渐开心起来。
3 Ginger's story
What more could I want？Freedom！For the first four years of my life I had a large field where I could gallop around at full speed—with no straps，no bit，and no blinkers．Now I stood in a stable，night and day，except when I was wanted for work，and sometimes when John took me out，I felt so strong，so full of life，that I wanted to jump or dance．
'Calm down，boy！'he would say．
Then，as soon as we were out of the village，he would let me trot fast for a few miles．Some grooms punished a horse for getting too excited，but not John．He knew how to control me with only the sound of his voice，and I was very fond of him．Sometimes we did have our freedom in the field for an hour or two．This was on fine Sundays in the summer，because the carriage never went out on Sundays．It was wonderful．The grass was cool and soft to our feet，and the air was so sweet．And we could gallop or lie down or roll over on our backs，or do what we liked．One day Ginger asked me about my old home and my train-ing．When I finished telling her，she said，'Life has been differ-ent for me．I was taken from my mother when I was young，and there was no kind master like yours to look after me．I had a bad time when I was trained．Several men caught me in a corner of the field and one held my nose so hard that I could only just breathe．Then another pulled my mouth open to put the bit in，and I was pulled along and beaten from behind．They didn't give me a chance to understand what they wan-ted．
'The old master，Mr Ryder，knew about horses，but he gave up most of the business to his son，who was tall and strong，but not gentle．They called him Samson，and he said that no horse could throw him out of the saddle．One day，he made me run round the field on a long rein until I was very tired and miser-able．The next morning he did the same again，then he put a saddle and bridle on me，and a new kind of bit into my mouth．
'The new bit was very painful and I pulled away and stood up on my back legs，which made him very angry．He stayed in the saddle and beat me with a whip，but after a long and terri-ble battle I threw him off and galloped to the other end of the field．
'I watched him go into the stable，but no one came to fetch me．Time went on and the sun was very hot．I was hungry and very thirsty．At last，just as the sun was going down，the old master came out with some oats．He spoke kindly and held out the oats for me to eat，then patted me gently and looked at the blood on my sides where Samson had whipped me．
'“Poor girl！”he said，then led me to the stable．Samson was there．“Keep out of the way，”said the master．“You've done a bad day's work for this horse with your bad temper．A bad-tempered man will never make a good-tempered horse．”He led me into my box and took off my saddle and bridle．Then he called for some warm water and gently cleaned the blood from my sides．
'After that，he often came to see me，but a man called Joe went on training me．He was quiet and thoughtful and I soon learned what he wanted．'After my training，'Ginger went on，'I was bought by a dealer to match another horse of my colour．But then we were sold to a man in London who drove us with a bearing rein—a rein to hold our heads up unnaturally high and to keep them there，for hours and hours，until the pain was terrible．We had to wear two bits instead of one，and mine was so sharp that it made my mouth bleed．Sometimes we waited for hours while our master or mistress was at parties or the theatre，and if we weren't patient，the driver would whip us．'
'Didn't your master care about you at all？'I said．
'Only about how we looked，'replied Ginger．'He knew very little about horses．The driver told him I had a bad temper but would soon get used to the bearing rein．I was willing to work and learn，but they were so cruel that it made me angry．Then I broke away from the carriage one day，and that was the end of that place．
'I was sold to another man，but he had a groom as bad-tem-pered as Samson．He hit me across the legs with his stable brush if I didn't move quickly．I hated him，and one day when he made me angry，I bit him！He never came into my stall af-ter that，and I was soon sold again．
'A dealer heard of me and said he thought he knew one place where I should do well．“It's wrong for a fine horse to go bad like that，”he said．And I was brought here，not long before you came．Of course，it's very different here．But who knows how long it will last？I've decided that all men are my natural enemies．'
I was sorry for Ginger，but as the weeks went on，she be-came happier and
more gentle．
'I do believe Ginger is getting quite fond of me，'James said one day．
'She'll be as good as Black Eeauty one day，'replied John．'Kindness is all she needs，poor thing！'
3 金儿的故事
我还想要什么呢？自由！在我生命的头4年，我曾拥有那么广阔的田野，我可以在那儿全速奔驰——没有缰绳，没有嚼口，也没有眼罩。现在，除了有活干的时候，我得日夜呆在马厩里，有时约翰带我出去的时候，我觉得自己是那么强壮有力，充满生机，我按捺不住地想跳跃，想舞蹈。
“静一点儿，伙计！”他会说。
我们一出村，他就会让我撒开了跑上几里。有的马夫会惩罚过度兴奋的马，约翰不。他知道怎么能只用声音来控制我，我真喜欢他。
有时在田野里，我们可以尽情享受一两小时自由。这时往往是在夏天的周日，因为马车在周日不外出。那真叫妙不可言。青草踏上去凉爽而柔软，连空气都是甜的。我们可以或飞跑或卧倒或是滚来滚去，随心所欲。
一天金儿问起我的老家和我受的训练。我讲完后，她说：“过去我的生活可不是这样。我小时候就被人从我妈妈身边带走，可没有像你的主人那么好的人照顾我。训练时我可受了罪了。几个人在草场的一角捉住我，一个人紧紧地抓住我的鼻子，我都快透不过气来了。另一个掰开我的嘴，塞进嚼子，我一路被拖着，屁股被抽打着。他们不给我时间弄明白他们到底想要我干什么。
“老主人莱德先生倒是懂得马匹，但他已把绝大部分工作转给了他的儿子，那是个又高又壮、又不和气的家伙。他们叫他萨姆森，他说没有哪匹马能把他甩下马鞍。一天，他用长鞭子赶着我绕着田野跑啊跑，直到我精疲力尽。第二天他又这样来了一遍，还给我备上马鞍，绑上笼头，而且还给我嘴里塞进了一种新式嚼口。
“新嚼口让我的嘴很疼，我挣脱开去，用后腿直立起来，这可惹恼了他。他仍坐在马鞍上，用鞭子抽我，经过一番长时间的激烈较量，我终于把他甩了下来，
跑到田野的另一边去了。
“我看着他走进马厩，但是没人来把我领回去。时间一分一秒地过着，太阳变得火热。我好饿，还渴得要命。最后，到太阳快落山的时候，老主人带着一些燕麦出来了。他对我和气地讲话，又捧出燕麦来喂我，还轻轻地拍着我，察看了我身上被萨姆森抽打出的鲜血。
“'可怜的姑娘！'他说着，牵我回了马厩。萨姆森也在那儿。'滚出去，'老主人说。'你的臭脾气让这匹马受了一天的罪。一个坏脾气的人永远训练不出好脾气的马。'他带我进了我的圆栏，卸下了我的马鞍和笼头。然后他叫人送来了温水，轻轻地为我擦拭身上的血。
“从那以后，他常来看我，一个叫乔的人继续训练我。他又安静又周到，我很快就能领会他的意图。
“训练之后，”金儿继续道，“我被一个商人买去配他的另一匹颜色和我相仿的马。随后我们被卖到伦敦。新主人用缰绳把我们的头勒得老是不自然地高昂着，一连好几个小时，直到我们痛得受不了。我们得戴两副嚼子，而不是一副，我的嚼口锋利得把我的嘴都划出血了。有时我们的男主人或女主人参加舞会或去剧院，我们得等上好多个小时，如有一点不耐烦，马夫就抽我们。”
“你们的主人就一点也不关心你们？”我说。
“他只在乎我们的外貌。”金儿说。“他对马懂得很少。马夫告诉他说我的脾气很坏，但很快就会适应缰绳。我愿意干活和学新本领，但他们太冷酷了，我就生气了。于是一天我从那辆车上挣脱开逃走了，从此告别了那个地方。
“我被卖给了另一个人，他有一个脾气和萨姆森一样坏的马夫。如果我走得慢一点，他就用马刷打我的腿。我恨他，一天他惹恼了我，我就咬了他！他后来再也没进过我的马厩。很快我又被卖掉了。
“一个商人听说了我，说他知道有一个地方适合我。'一匹好马不应该就这样一天天变坏，'他说。我就被带到这里，就在你来之前不久。当然，这里倒真是不一样。可谁知道这能维持多久呢？我认定所有人类都是我的天敌。”
我真为金儿难过，不过时间一星期一星期地过去，她变得高兴起来，而且温和起来。
“我确信金儿喜欢我了，”一天詹姆斯说。
“有一天她会变得和黑骏马一样出色的，”约翰说。“可怜的小家伙，她要的不过是善意罢了。”
4 Kindness and cruelty
Aneighbour of the Gordons'，Mr Blomefield，had a large family of boys and girls who often came to play with Miss Jessie and Miss Flora．One of the girls was the same age as Miss Jessie，two of the boys were older，and there were sev-eral little ones．Whenever they came，the children loved to ride Merrylegs．One afternoon when they were visiting，James brought Merrylegs in and said，'Now，behave yourself．'
'What did you do，Merrylegs？'I asked him．
'Those young people didn't seem to know whell I was tired，'he said，'so I just threw them off backwards．It was the only thing they could understand．' 'You threw the children off！'I sald．'Oh，no！Did you throw Miss Flora or Miss Jessie？'
'No，of course not！I'm quiet and careful with them，and with the little ones．I'm the best friend and riding teacher those children have．It's not them，it's the boys，'he said．'The other children rode me for nearly two hours，then the boys rode me，one after the other，for an hour，hitting me with a stick．I didn't get annoyed but I did get tired，so I stopped once or twice to let them know．But boys think a horse is like a machine and can go on as long and as fast as they want it to．They never think that we get tired．As one was whipping me，I stood up on my back legs and he fell off．He got on again and I did the same．Then the other boy tried and I put him down on the grass．They're not bad boys，and don't mean to be cruel，
but they have to learn．
'When they told James，he was angry to see those big sticks and told the boys not to use them again．'
'I would give those boys a good kick，'said Ginger．
'I know you would，'said Merrylegs．'But they expect me to look after those children，and they expect me to be good-tempered，and I will be．You never had a place where they were kind to you，Ginger，and I'm sorry for you．But good places make good horses，and I wouldn't make our people angry for anything！If I started kicking people，they would very quickly sell me，perhaps to someone cruel．I hope that never happens．'
* * *
I often wondered why Sir Oliver，the oldest horse in the stable，had so short a tall—only about twenty centimetres long—and one day I asked him，'Did you have an accident？'
'It was no accident！'he said，angrily．'My long and beautiful tail was cut off when I was a young horse．At that time，some owners thought it was fashionable！'
'How terrible！'I said．
'Yes，terrible and cruel，'said Sir Oliver．'Now I can never brush the flies off my sides or back legs，and all because of fashion．Some owners cut off the tails of their dogs to make them look brave，or cut their pretty little ears to make them look fashionable．They don't cut off the ends of their children's ears，do they？Why do they think it's all right to do these things to their animals？'
Mr Gordon was never cruel，and he would not stand by and watch others be cruel to animals．We were riding home one morning when we saw a big man driving towards us in a small carriage，pulled by a beautiful little pony．As he got to the Park gates，the pony turned towards them．Without warning，the man pulled the pony's head round so roughly that the little animal almost fell over．Then he began to whip the pony，angrily．The animal tried to move forward，but the man held it back and
continued to whip it．
'Sawyer！'shouted my master．
The man looked up．He was a builder who often came to the Park to do work．'He's too fond of going his own way！' he told my master．'He's not supposed to turn in through your gates；the road is straight on．'
'You often drive that pony to my house，'said my master．'It only shows that the horse is intelligent and remembers these things．How could he know you weren't going there to-day？I've never seen a horse beaten so cruelly or with so much anger．What will people think of you，Sawyer？As well as hurting the horse，you hurt your own good name—do you want people to think of you as a cruel，bad-tempered man？'
We went home slowly，and I could tell by his voice that the master was unhappy at what we had seen．
4 善意和冷酷
高顿夫妇的邻居，布劳姆菲尔德先生，有一个大家庭。他有许多孩子，他们经常来和洁茜小姐、弗劳拉小姐玩儿。一个女孩和洁茜小姐同龄，两个男孩大一点儿，另外还有几个小小孩儿。每次他们一来，就喜欢骑乐腿儿。
一天下午他们来串门的时候，詹姆斯牵回乐腿儿并对他说；“来，给我放规矩点。”
“你干什么了，乐腿儿？”我问他。
“那些小孩似乎不知道我会累，”他说，“所以我就把他们向后面甩下去。他们只能明白这个。”
“你把孩子们甩下去了！”我说，“啊，不会吧！你也把洁茜小姐和弗劳拉小姐甩下去了？”
“当然不了！我在她们面前可是又安静，又小心，对那些小小孩儿也是一样。我是他们最好的朋友和骑马教练。问题不是他们，是那些男孩子，”他说。“其他小孩已经骑了我快两个小时，然后那些男孩来骑我，一个接一个，又骑了一个小
时，还用棍子打我。我倒不烦，可实在是累了，所以我停下来了一两回想让他们知道。但是男孩子们觉得马像机器一样，能让他们随心所欲，要骑多久骑多久，要多快有多快。他们从不觉得我们会累。当一个孩子抽打我时，我直立起来，他掉下去了。可他又爬了上来，我就又直立了一回。后来另一个男孩也来试，我就也把他甩到了草地上。他们不是什么坏孩子，也不是有意对我不好，只是我觉得他们得懂点事。
“当他们向詹姆斯告状时，他发现了那些棍子，很生气，警告那些孩子以后不许再这样。”
“要是我，会狠狠踢他们的！”金儿说。
“我知道，”乐腿儿说。“可是他们希望我对那些孩子照应点儿，而且希望我脾气好，我就脾气好吧。你以前从没在一个有人对你好的地方呆过，金儿，我真为你难过。但是好地方出好马，我不会惹咱这儿的人生气的！如果我开始踢人，他们很快就会卖掉我的，也许会卖给哪个狠心的人。我希望这种事永远别发生。”* * *
我经常奇怪为什么奥立佛爵士，就是厩里最老的那匹马，有一条这么短的尾巴——只有约二十厘米长——一天我问他：“你遇上什么事故了吗？”
“哪有什么事故！”他气愤地说。“我的又长又美的尾巴在我小时候就被剪掉了。当时的一些马主人认为那样时髦！”
“多可怕！”我说。
“可怕而残忍，”奥立佛爵士说。“现在我再也不能把身体一侧或是后腿上的苍蝇扫下去了，这都是为了时髦。有些主人剪短狗的尾巴，让狗看上去勇猛，或把他们美丽的小耳朵剪成他们认为时髦的样子。他们倒并不剪他们自己孩子的耳垂，是不是？为什么他们觉得对动物做这些事儿就没关系呢？”
高顿先生从不冷酷，而且他也决不对其他人对动物的残酷行为坐视不管。一天早上我们回家，看见一个大个儿男人驾着一辆小马车向我们这边驶来，车子被一匹美丽的小马驹拉着。当他到庄园大门时，马驹朝大门转了过来。那人不容分说突然猛地一拉马头，用力很大，小马差点摔倒。然后那人开始狠狠地抽打小马。小马试着向前挪动，但那家伙又把马拉回来继续抽打。
“索亚！”我的主人喊道。
牛津书虫系列全50本The Oxford Bookworm “书虫”是牛津大学出版社奉献给世界英语学习者的一大精品。书虫在英语中大约是颇可爱的形象，试想想如痴如醉沉迷于书卷，孜孜不倦咀嚼着字母的那么一只“书虫”……如今这只“书虫”漂洋过海，轻盈地落在了中国英语学习者的掌中。“书虫”将首先给你以自信，即使你目前只有几百词汇，却可以不太费劲地阅览世界名作了。书虫还会用它细细的鸣叫声不停提醒着你：要坚持不懈地读下去，要广泛而丰富地读下去。待你读完丛书系列中的最后一本，也许会突然发现：你已如蛹变蝶飞一样，振翅欲翔了！ 第一级：300生词量，适合小学、初一学生，共8本。 1、《爱情与金钱》 Loveor Money by Romena Akinyemi 2、《苏格兰玛丽女王》 Mary Queen of Scots by Tim Vicary 3、《在月亮下面》 Under the Moon by Romena Akinyemi 4、《潘德尔的巫师》 The Witches of Pendle by Rowena Akinyemi 5、《歌剧院的幽灵》 The Phantom of the Opera by Jennifer Bassett 6、《猴爪》 The Monkey's Paw by W.W. Jacobs 7、《象人》 The Elephant Man by Tim Vicary 8、《世界上最冷的地方》 The Coldest Place On Earth by Tim Vicary
第二级：600生词量，适合初一学生，8本 1、《威廉·莎士比亚》 WilliamShakespeare by Jannifer Bassett 2、《一个国王的爱情故事》 The Love of a King by Peter Dainty 3、《亡灵岛》 Dead Man's Island by John Escott 4、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain 5、《鲁宾孙漂流记》 Robinson Cruso by Daniel Defoe 6、《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》 Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll 7、《格林·盖布尔斯来的安妮》 Anne of Green Gables by LM Montgomery 8、《五个孩子和沙精》 Five Children and It by Edith Nesbit 第三级：1000生词量，适合初二学生，分上册7本，下册8本上册： 1、《弗兰肯斯坦》 Frankenstein by Mary Shelley 2、《野性的呼唤》
Aladdin and the enchanted lamp(阿拉丁和神灯) Many years ago ,in a city in Arabia, there was a boy called Aladdin. He lived with his mother in a little house near the marker, and they were very poor. Aladdin's mother worked all day, and sometimes half the night, but Aladdin never helped her. He was a lazy boy and he did not like to work. He only wanted to play all the time. Every morning he ran through the streets to the market. There, he talked and laughed and played with his friends all day. Then in the evening he went home for his dinner. And every night his mother said to him: ‘Oh, Aladd in, Aladdin! You are a lazy boy－a good－for-nothing! When are you going to do some work, my son?' But Aladdin never listened to his mother. One day in the market there was an old man in a long black coat. Aladdin did not see him, but the old man watched Aladdin very carefully. After some minutes he went up to an orange-seller and asked: ‘That boy in the green coat — who is he?' ‘Aladdin, son of Mustafa,' was the answer. The old man moved away. ‘Yes,' he said quietly. ‘Yes, that is the boy. The right name and the right father.' Then he called out to Aladdin: ‘Boy! Come here for a minute. Is your name Aladdin? Aladdin, son of Mustafa?' Aladdin left his friends and came to the old man. ‘Yes,' he said, ‘I am Al addin, son of Mustafa. But my father is dead. He died five years ago.' ‘Dead!' said the old man. ‘ Oh, no!' He put his face in his hands and began to cry. ‘Why are you crying?' asked Aladdin. ‘Did you know my father?' 很多年以前，在一个阿拉伯城市里，有一个男孩儿叫阿拉丁。他和他的母亲住在市场附近一个很小的屋子里，过着穷苦的日子。阿拉丁的母亲整天都在辛勤地劳作，有时甚至忙碌到深夜，但阿拉丁从来都不帮助她。 他很懒惰，不喜欢劳动，只想整天玩耍。每天早晨他都穿过街道跑到市场上，一整天都和伙伴们在那儿说笑嬉戏，傍晚时分才回家吃饭。 每天晚上他的母亲都对他说：“唉，阿拉丁，阿拉丁！你这个懒惰的孩子——真是没用！你什么时候才能做点儿事呢？儿子？” 但阿拉丁从来都不听母亲的话。 一天，市场上来了一个身穿黑色长袍的老头儿。阿拉丁并没有注意到他，老头儿却在
血色修道院Scarlet Monestary (SM) 斯坦索姆Stratholme (STR) 通灵学院Scholomance (SCH) 死亡矿井Deadmines (VC) 影牙城堡Shadowfang Keep (SFK) 奥达曼Uldaman (UDM) 黑石深渊Blackrock Depths (BRD) 黑石塔上层Uper Blackrock Spirits (UBRS)(T2) 黑石塔下层Lower Blockrock Spirits (LBRS)(T1) 暴风城监狱The Stockades (Stockade) 沉没的神庙Temple of Atal'Hakkar(The Sunken Temple)(ST) 黑暗深渊Blackfathom Deeps (BFD) 怒焰裂谷Ragefire Chasm (RFD) 哀嚎洞穴Wailing Caverns (WC) 玛拉顿Mauradon (Mauradon) 厄运之槌Dire Maul (DM) 剃刀沼泽Razorfen Kraul(RFK) 剃刀高地Razorfen Downs(RFD) 祖尔法拉克Zul'Farrak(ZF) 祖尔格拉布Zul'Gurub (ZG) 安其拉Ahn'Qiraj (AQ) 安其拉神庙Temple of Ahn'Qiraj (TAQ) 安其拉废墟Ruins of Ahn'Qiraj (RAQ) 通灵学院Scholomance (Scholo) 熔核之心Molten Core (MC) 黑翼之巢Black Wing Lair (BWL) 纳克萨玛斯Naxxramas (NAXX) 裁缝篇： 亚麻布（Linen Cloth） 亚麻布卷（Bolt of Linen Cloth ） 毛料（Wool Cloth） 毛布卷（Bolt of Wool Cloth） 丝绸（Silk Cloth） 丝绸卷（Bolt of Silk Cloth） 魔纹布（Mageweave） 魔纹布卷（Bolt of Mageweave ） 符文布（Runecloth）
中国古代兵器分类大全 一、长兵械 １．朴刀２．象鼻刀３．双手带４．春秋大刀５．长杆尖大刀 ６．青龙偃月刀７．龙头状元刀８．三尖两刃刀９．乾坤日月刀 １０．枪 １１．龙枪１２．凤枪１３．拐枪１４．抓枪１５．线枪１６．锥枪１７．棰枪１８．铁枪 １９．旗枪２０．梭枪２１．花枪２２．拐刃枪２３．拐突枪２４．短刃枪２５．短锥枪 ２６．单钩枪２７．双钩枪２８．板门枪２９．鸦项枪３０．蒺藜枪３１．九曲枪３２．三眼枪 ３３．雁翎枪３４．虎牙枪３５．梨花枪３６．环子枪３７．透甲枪３８．火焰枪３９．金钱枪 ４０．蛇镰枪４１．铁构枪４２．欺胡大４３．巴尔恰４４．留客住４５．竹条镖４６．大鹏鸟枪 ４７．捣马突枪４８．十字镰枪４９．太宁笔枪５０．苗族村枪５１．太极大枪５２．伞头蛇尾枪 ５３．三尾短标枪５４．少林挠钩枪５５．双头钩镰枪５６．蛇矛５７．双头蛇矛 ５８．戈 ５９．少林戈６０．青龙戟６１．三戈戟６２．九曲戟６３．典韦戟６４．月葫戟６５．钩镰戟 ６６．方天画戟６７．少林蛇尾戟 ６８．殳 ６９．战国殳７０．少林殳７１．齐眉棍７２．夹刀棍７３．连珠棍７４．梢子棍７５．两头梢子棍 ７６．龙棒７７．杵棒７８．马棒７９．抓子棒８０．狼牙棒８１．牛头杆棒８２．拦马橛棒 ８３．带矛狼牙棒８４．武当玄武棒８５．行者金箍棒 ８６．锚斧８７．月牙斧８８．凤头斧８９．鱼尾斧９０．鳌头斧９１．长柯斧９２．宣花斧 ９３．矬子斧９４．车轮斧 ９５．钺 ９６．对钺９７．套钺９８．铲钺９９．降魔钺１００．月上钺１０１．双手钺 １０２．马叉１０３．火叉１０４．飞叉１０５．叉杆１０６．苗叉１０７．三头叉１０８．龙须叉 １０９．牛角叉１１０．三股叉１１１．四平叉１１２．五股钢叉１１３．抱头钢叉１１４．捻军铁叉 １１５．少林独股叉１１６．笔挝１１７．鹰爪１１８．朝天爪１１９．金龙抓１２０．笔砚抓 １２１．金瓜锤１２２．悬星锤１２３．朝鲜打糕槌１２４．燕子１２５．燕咀１２６．金牛 １２７．雷震１２８．阴阳１２９．夜战１３０．风翅１３１．九曲１３２．五齿１
中国古代格斗兵器:矛、枪和戈等 篇一：中国古代兵器 我花了一天时间编辑的一些关于古代兵器的知识！ 叉的起源很早，六千多年前的陕西半坡村遗址中，就曾发现过原始的骨制鱼叉，用来扎取鱼类。不过，居住在森林旁的猎户们，为了猎杀大型野兽如勐虎、花豹等，需要保持安全距离，所以使用三股长叉，一般称作「虎叉」。 《水浒传》说道解珍、解宝两兄弟，收了知府的捕虎文状，要捉山上大虫，于是「拿了钢叉，两个径奔登州山上」。可见「钢叉」是捉虎的利器。有时为了便于远掷以确保安全，又改成了投掷用的飞叉。 「叉」后来发成兵器，种类很多，大致可按长短分，或以叉股分；历代都不是主要兵器，而与钩、镰、钯等杂兵器并论。宋代有叉竿，长二丈，用来叉飞梯与登城。南宋宗泽的偏将张纯善使飞叉，能在二十步外取人性命，并且教出很多使飞叉的士卒。明代又有丈余长的「马叉」，茅元仪的《武备志》说：「上可叉人，下可叉马。」是步兵所用的长兵. 国剧《金钱豹》里，有飞叉的特技，叉头分成三股，股与叉柄连接处，套上钢片两片，随着演员舞动、抛掷时，铮铮作响，增强了惊险与娱乐的效果。这些其实都是从民国初年江湖杂耍卖艺者学来的身段。
另有一说： 叉之由来，较各种兵器为后，宋元以前，初不见用诸战阵，或谓汉时蛮人，皆以此为利器；又谓叉为古时猎兽之器。如上说，则叉实创自南蛮；如后说，则叉创于猎户；孰是孰非，亦未能断定，始自何时，亦无从稽考，姑置不论。 至飞叉之法，宋代以前，迄无所闻，相传创之者为宗泽偏将张纯。纯为花县人水镜明月老乡也^_^!）力猛侞虎，善使飞叉，能于二十步外取人，发无不中；时行伍中从而习者，颇不乏人。据此说，则叉始于南宋，以法之创始而推诸叉，即谓为叉亦创于是时，亦无不可；惟其法初甚简单，不过抡、盘、飞、掷、打击、抢接诸法而巳；其后代有增减，然皆从以上各法中变化而出；即今日所传之飞叉法，虽分路甚多，皆跳不出此六法，但就此六法杂乱而复叠行之耳。惟习此者，以南人为多，北派武术中习此者甚少；岂发源之处，视为不足贵乎？抑以南渡之后，其法流南方，北方反不得其真传乎？ “干戈”是我国古代最常见的对兵器的总称，它们分别代表两种武器。早在甲骨文和金文中，就已经出现了“干”和“戈”两字。随着文字的演变，“干戈”已成为战争和斗争的代名词，如我们所熟悉的“大动干戈”和“化干戈为玉帛”等。可见干和戈这两种兵器在我国已有着相当久远的历史了。 干，据说是一种分叉的木干，用来抵御野兽和敌人的进犯，是人类最早的防御武器，也是打猎用的猎具。
1 To the north Buck did not read the newspapers．He did not know that trouble was coming for every big dog in California．Men had found gold in the Yukon，and these men wanted big，strong dogs to work in the cold and snow of the north． Buck lived in Mr Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house，and a river nearby．In a big place like this，of course，there were many dogs There were house dogs and farm dogs，but
they were not important．Buck was chief dog；he was born here，and this was his place ．He was four years old and weighed sixty kilos ．He went swimming with Mr Miller's sons，and walking with his daughters ．He carried the grandchildren on his back，and he sat at Mr Miller's feet in front of the fire in winter． But this was 1897，and Buck did not know that men and dogs were hurrying to north-west Canada to look for gold．And he did not know that Manuel，one of Mr Miller's garden－ers，needed money for his large family．One day，when Mr Miller was
牛津书虫全套pdf 【全套】2015-2016沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册教学案 【含答案】 导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“【全套】2015-2016沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册教学案【含答案】”资讯， 希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed18041654.html,的支持! 2015-2016沪教牛津版初中英语八年级上册 全套教学案 Content 第一讲................................................................................................... (2) Unit1 Language points............................................................................................. .. (2)
第二讲................................................................................................... (9) Grammar-不定代词 (9) 第三讲................................................................................................... .. (13) Unit2 Language points............................................................................................. . (13) 第四讲................................................................................................... .. (27) Grammar-数词................................................................................................... 27 第五讲................................................................................................... .. (35) Unit3 Language points.............................................................................................
牛津英语书虫系列 The Witches of Pendle 藩德尔的巫师 Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩历险记 Washington Square 华盛顿广场 Agatha Christie 神秘女人阿加莎.克里斯蒂 A Little Princess 小公主 Jane Eyre 简·爱 Cranford 克兰福德 The Railway Children 铁路少年 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 Black Beauty 黑骏马 Desert Mountain Sea 极限之旅 Dead Man's Island 亡灵岛 Dracula 德拉库拉 Ear-Rings from Frankfurt 法兰克福的耳环 Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣 Kidnapped 诱拐 Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦 Survive! 生存游戏 Justice 公正 The Elephant Man 象人 Skyjack 劫机 Dr JEKYLL and Mr Hyde 化身博士 The Prisoner of Zinda 曾达的囚徒 King Arthur 亚瑟王 Little Women 小妇人 Love or Money 爱情与金钱 The Hound of The Baskervilles 巴斯克维尔猎犬 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 Tales of Mystery and Imagination 神秘及幻想故事集 Mystery in London 雾都疑案 Five Children and It 五个孩子和沙精 Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 Remember Miranda 难忘米兰达 Robin Hood 侠盗罗宾汉 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾孙漂流记 Goodbye Mr Hollywood 别了,好莱坞先生 Silas Marner 织工马南 Sherlock Holmes and The Sport of Kings 福尔摩斯与赛马
简介 一个人有了隐私又不想让别人知道时，我们就可以说他“衣橱里有具骷髅”。大部分人都做过一些不光彩的事，卡罗尔·桑德斯也不例外。她有具“衣橱里的骷髅”，不管走到哪儿都摆脱不了。这使她越来越沮丧。当然，这件不光彩的事正在慢慢地毁坏着她的生活。 后来她遇到一位更有隐私的人。他的隐私需要整个一个岛来遮掩。也许最有可能由卡罗尔发现他的隐私。但是如果她想探明他的隐私，他会怎么样呢？他会乐意把他的隐私告诉她吗？或者他会生气，非常生气吗？这全取决于他藏在锁着的房间中的那具“衣橱里的骷髅”究竟是什么——而卡罗尔要打开那扇锁着的门。 本书作者约翰·埃斯科特是一位经验丰富的作家，现在英格兰南部的博恩默思生活和工作。 1 Coming to England My name is Carol Sanders． I live in England now，but when I was younger，I lived in Hong Kong．My father was a businessman there and my mother worked as a secretary．We lived in Hong Kong for seven years． I was happy at school，with lots of friends，and we had a good time．I liked pop music—the Rolling Stones，David Bowie and Jake Rosso were my favourites．Jake Rosso was my favourite singer．He died in a car accident the year I left school，but I listened to his pop records all the time．I had hundreds of pictures and photos of him on my bedroom wall． Then one day in winter when I was seventeen，things began to go wrong for me． My father went to Australia on business．I loved him very much and didn't like him going away． ‘Come home quickly，’I always said to him．
武器英语Weaponry / Enginery English I．Cold weapons 匕首,剑号dagger, dirk, knife, stylet 剑sword, blade, glave, glaive, 军刀,马刀,佩剑sabre 弯刀falchion 刀knife, reamer, broadsword 枪,矛,叉spear, 长枪, 长矛pike, lance 红缨枪red-tasseled spear 戟Halberd, halberd 盾shield, 斧axe, hatchet (小斧,短斧), chopper 钺, 战斧tomahawk, battle-axe 锏, 钉头锤, 狼牙棒mace 棒, 棍stick, wand, rod, cudgel 弓, bow 弩crossbow 箭, 剑号arrow, 箭杆shaft 鞭whip, lash, scourge 锤, 槌hammer, mallet 拐杖crutch, cane, walking stick 戈dagger-axe 镗,钻bore , drill 钩hook, a hook-like sword, hamulus, catch 铲shovel 流星锤bola 耙harrow, rake, 镰刀sickle钩镰brushhook, billhook 链chain, daisy chain 三节棍three-section cudgel 判官笔judge pen 铁尺iron ruler 暗器concealed weapons 梅花针pyonex, plum-blossom needle 飞镖dart 飞旋镖boomerang 铳blunderbuss II．H ot weapons / firearms 1.枪gun 步枪rifle, musket, musketry (步枪射击术) , vandook; [美俚] barndook；气步枪air rifle 半自动步枪Semiautomatic rifle; 标准步枪standard rifle 大口径步枪big bore rifle 卡宾枪carbine, carabine, carabin 机关枪machine gun
简易读物——牛津书虫分级（阅读提高英语能力）《xx·书虫》 &_%x9|K(g*b 太傻超级论坛2u%F^V-O 书中的后记说： 待到你读完丛书系列中的最后一本，也许会突然发现： 你已如蛹变蝶飞一样，振翅欲翔了！太傻超级论坛4?9A"@-i4h 第一级：300生词量，适合小学、初一学生，共8本。 1、《爱情与金钱》 3、《在月亮下面》GRE,TOEFL,SAT,IELTS,GMAT,visa,USA,留学签证申请美国英国加拿大欧洲'i-O8M 2、《xxxx女王》 4、《xx的xx》 5、《歌剧院的幽灵》 6、《猴爪》 GRE,TOEFL,SAT,IELTS,GMAT,visa,USA,留学签证申 7、《象人》 8、《世界上最冷的地方》 5Z(Y8]6i&z 第二级：600生词量，适合初一学生，8本 1、《威廉·xx》
2、《一个国王的爱情故事》 3、《亡灵岛》 4、《xx利·xx历险记》 5、《xx漂流记》 6、《xx漫游奇境记》 7、《xx·xxxx来的安妮》 A6d,X!~-J3h 8、《五个孩子和xx》 第三级：1000生词量，适合初二学生，分上册7本，下册8本上册： b: d(_$W3h 太傻超级论坛)he(W_ 1、《xxxx》 2、《野性的xx》 !j9^8t 3、《秘密花园》 o/so L8Z3M3e 4、《xx的囚徒》 5、《xx镜中世界奇遇记》 W_)sU7DR
6、《风语河岸柳》 7、《神秘幻想故事集》 下册： 1、《圣诞欢歌》 }`X&|&l 2、《多里安·xx的画像》 3、《勃朗特一家的故事》 4、《牙齿和爪子》 L)H 5、《星际动物园》 6、《诱拐》 1]$t(R2|6e8v rGRE,TOEFL,SAT,IELTS,GMAT,visa,USA,留学签证申请美国英国加拿大欧洲1}@ ~z2O)m 7、《xx》 8、《化学秘密》 Q#`h#p w0A6mg6d.\mN L 第四级：1500生词量，适合初三学生，分上册5本，下册6本 上册： 1、《巴斯克维尔错犬》 2、《不平静的坟墓》
牛津书虫系列《鲁滨逊漂流记》01中英双语文本 1 My first sea journey 1我的第一次海上旅行 Before I begin my story，I would like to tell you a little about myself.开始我的故事之前，我想先向你谈一点我自己的情况。 I was born in the year 1632，in the city of York in the north of England. My fatherwas German，but he came to live and work in England. Soon after that，hemarried my mother，who was English. Her family name was Robinson，so，whenI was born，they called me Robinson，after her. 我1632年出生在英国北部的约克郡。我父亲是德国人，但他却来到英国居住和工作。此后不久，他与我母亲结了婚。我母亲是英国人，娘家姓鲁宾孙，因此，我出生后他们都称呼我鲁宾孙，沿用了我母亲的姓氏。 我父亲在生意上做得很出色，并且我也进了一所好学校。他希望我得到好的工作，过一种平静的、舒适的生活。但是我不希望如此。我喜欢冒险和刺激的生活。 'I want to be a sailor and go to sea，'I told my mother and father. They were veryunhappy about this. “我想成为一名水手去航行，”我告诉父母亲。他们对此很不高兴。 'Please don't go，'my father said. 'You won't be happy，you know. Sailors havea difficult and dangerous life. 'And be-cause I loved him，and he was unhappy，I tried to forget about the sea. “不要去，”父亲说。“你不会幸福的，你知道。水手过着艰苦而且危险的生活。”因为我爱父亲，他不高兴，我便试图忘掉大海。 但我不可能忘掉，大约一年后，我在镇里遇到一个朋友。他的父亲有一艘船，我的朋友对我说，“明天我们航行去伦敦。你为什么不和我们一起走呢?”
108古兵器 一、长兵械 １．朴刀２．象鼻刀３．双手带４．春秋大刀５．长杆尖大刀６．青龙偃月刀７．龙头状元刀８．三尖两刃刀９．乾坤日月刀１０．枪１１．龙枪１２．凤枪１３．拐枪１４．抓枪１５．线枪１６．锥枪１７．棰枪１８．铁枪１９．旗枪２０．梭枪２１．花枪２２．拐刃枪２３．拐突枪２４．短刃枪２５．短锥枪２６．单钩枪２７．双钩枪２８．板门枪２９．鸦项枪３０．蒺藜枪３１．九曲枪３２．三眼枪３３．雁翎枪３４．虎牙枪３５．梨花枪３６．环子枪３７．透甲枪３８．火焰枪３９．金钱枪４０．蛇镰枪４１．铁构枪４２．欺胡大４３．巴尔恰４４．留客住４５．竹条镖４６．大鹏鸟枪４７．捣马突枪４８．十字镰枪４９．太宁笔枪５０．苗族村枪５１．太极大枪５２．伞头蛇尾枪５３．三尾短标枪５４．少林挠钩枪５５．双头钩镰枪５６．蛇矛５７．双头蛇矛５８．戈５９．少林戈６０．青龙戟６１．三戈戟６２．九曲戟６３．典韦戟６４．月葫戟６５．钩镰戟６６．方天画戟６７．少林蛇尾戟６８．殳６９．战国殳７０．少林殳７１．齐眉棍７２．夹刀棍７３．连珠棍７４．梢子棍７５．两头梢子棍７６．龙棒７７．杵棒７８．马棒７９．抓子棒８０．狼牙棒８１．牛头杆棒８２．拦马橛棒８３．带矛狼牙棒８４．武当玄武棒８５．行者金箍棒８６．锚斧８７．月牙斧８８．凤头斧８９．鱼尾斧９０．鳌头斧９１．长柯斧９２．宣花斧９３．矬子斧９４．车轮斧９５．钺９６．对钺９７．套钺９８．铲钺９９．降魔钺１００．月上钺１０１．双手钺１０２．马叉１０３．火叉１０４．飞叉１０５．叉杆１０６．苗叉１０７．三头叉１０８．龙须叉１０９．牛角叉１１０．三股叉１１１．四平叉１１２．五股钢叉１１３．抱头钢叉１１４．捻军铁叉１１５．少林独股叉１１６．笔挝１１７．鹰爪１１８．朝天爪１１９．金龙抓１２０．笔砚抓１２１．金瓜锤１２２．悬星锤１２３．朝鲜打糕槌１２４．燕子１２５．燕咀１２６．金牛１２７．雷震１２８．阴阳１２９．夜战１３０．风翅１３１．九曲１３２．五齿１３３．元宝铁１３４．梅花镏金１３５．风翅镏金１３６．燕翅镏金１３７．齿翼月牙１３８．九齿迎风１３９．沙氏燕子１４０．长铲１４１．月牙铲１４２．金钟铲１４３．葫芦铲１４４．凤翅铲１４５．槊１４６．掌槊１４７．禹王槊１４８．枣阳槊１４９．混唐槊１５０．护手槊１５１．少林长槊１５２．响钯１５３．拍钯１５４．六齿钯１５５．七星钯１５６．排耙木１５７．九齿钉钯１５８．雁镰１５９．手镰１６０．清代镰１６１．少林长镰１６２．劈水亮银錾１６３．少林劈雷錾１６４．狼筅１６５．牛角１６６．判官笔１６７．齐头１６８．铁莲花１６９．避云锄１７０．日本１７１．刺天皇１７２．朝天镫１７３．八岔树１７４．少林铁板１７５．天罡拦面叟１７６．天荷凤尾镡１７７．壬九夺命丧１７８．八能九环禅杖１７９．双月捧镫状元笔１８０．少林八宝避云伞１８１．双棍１８２．连珠双棍１８３．太极扎杆１８４．双头双枪１８５．拦马双橛 二、短兵械 １．汉刀２．苗刀３．菜刀４．戒刀５．鱼鳞刀６．鬼头刀７．雁翎刀８．砍马刀９．龙鳞刀１０．滚珠刀１１．鱼头刀１２．三环刀１３．云头刀１４．柳叶刀１５．浪花刀１６．太极刀１７．八卦刀１８．九环刀１９．三环尖刀２０．五齿九环刀２１．金挝钜齿刀２２．护手狼牙刀２３．侠家单剑刀２４．苗族尖刀２５．壮族齿刀２６．景颇长刀２７．彝族短体插刀２８．越剑２９．古龙剑３０．七星剑３１．龙泉剑３２．鱼藏剑３３．蛇形剑３４．彝族波形剑３５．镰斧３６．峨眉３７．钩镶３８．少林金钩３９．铁鞭４０．方节鞭４１．太师鞭４２．秦家鞭４３．雷神鞭４４．蛇形鞭４５．尉迟恭鞭４６．袖锏４７．龙头锏４８．狼牙锏４９．混元锏５０．方楞铜锏５１．棒槌５２．五星骨朵锤５３．蒺藜骨朵锤５４．鞭杆５５．太极棒５６．柯藜棒５７．护手狼牙棒５８．丁字拐５９．二字拐６０．刀枪拐６１．上下拐６２．十字拐６３．孙膑拐６４．钩镰拐６５．鸳鸯拐６６．少林牛头拐６７．灵牙杖６８．达摩杖６９．少林龙头杖７０．少林灵云杖７１．铁扇７２．天罡劈水扇７３．武当太极金扇７４．草镰７５．镰７６．鸡爪镰７７．并头镰７８．风车镰７９．马牙刺８０．蜈蚣刺８１．乾坤圈８２．跨虎篮８３．镏８４．马架８５．板凳８６．铁笛８７．铁箫８８．铁齿８９．铁镐９０．铁棱９１．铁算盘９２．铁扫帚９３．铁如意９４．铁琵琶９５．阴阳钟９６．量天尺９７．龙头船９８．独脚铜人９９．吕祖金锥１００．傣族铁齿１０１．护身金佛１０２．铜头铁身娃娃槊
简介 你想当国王、想拥有荣华富贵、名闻天下吗？你希望无论走到哪里都成为众人的中心吗？你希望自己每时每刻、每一天都是人们关注的对象吗？ 国王永远不会独自一人。每时每刻总有人注视着他——有时是他的保镖，有时是街上成千的民众。他永远不会独自一人；每个人都认识他的面孔。他做事必须检点，因为他的所做所为是无法保密的。 国王今天说了什么，明天全世界的人都会知道。他说话得谨慎；因为总有人在听。 这可不像一般的工作那样，5点钟就可以下班。国王没有假期。国王永远是国王——每时每刻都是国王。 国王永远不会独自一人，但他总是感到孤独。谁会是国王的朋友呢？谁会与他共同分担那份孤独呢？ 作者彼德·戴恩蒂从事英语教学多年，目前在伦敦工作。 家族世系图 The Duke and Duchess of Windsor 1894 Edward is born in Richmond，England． 1896 Wallis is born in Baltimore，USA． 1911 Edward becomes Prince of Wales． 1912 Edward enters Oxford University． 1914 The First World War begins．Edward sees fighing on the front line in Belgium． 1916 Wallis marries Winfield Spencer． 1920 Edward begins a five-year journey round the world．He visits 45 countries and travels 240 000 kilometres． 1927 Wallis divorces Winfield Spencer．
Dark's nothing to be afraid of. 无需害怕黑暗 In fact, I'd go as far as saying there's nothing to be afraid of. 实际上我想说无需害怕任何事Anywhere. 任何地方 The strongest person is the person who isn't scared to be alone. 最坚强的人应该不畏惧孤独It's other people you got to worry about. 该担心的是其他人 Other people. They'll tell you what to do, how to feel... 其他人他们会告诉你怎么做怎么想Before you know it... 不知不觉 ...you're pouring your life out in search of something 你就把生命倾注在追寻 other people told you to go look for. 其他人告诉你该寻找的东西了 Someday, you're gonna be all alone, 总有一天你会孤身一人 so you need to figure out how to take care of yourself. 所以你要懂得如何照顾自己 Hello. 喂 Beth Harmon? 贝丝·哈蒙 Yes. 是我 Uh, this is Harry Beltik. 我是哈利·贝尔蒂克 Uh, from the Kentucky State Tournament. 肯塔基州锦标赛的 No, I remember. 我记得 I hear you dropped one to Borgov. 我听说你输给了博尔戈夫 I wanted to give condolences. 我想向你表示同情 Thanks. 谢谢 What were you playing, White? 你是哪一方白棋吗 - Black. - Oh, it's-it's better that way. -黑棋 -那样还好 I mean, if you're gonna lose. 如果要输的话 Suppose so. 或许吧 What did you play? 你走了什么开局 Closed Sicilian. 封闭式西西里防御
xx英语书虫系列The Witches of Pendle藩德尔的巫师Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记Washington Square华盛顿广场 Agatha Christie神秘女人阿加莎.克里斯蒂 A Little Princess小公主 Jane Eyre简·爱 Cranford克兰福德 The Railway Children铁路少年 William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚 Black Beautyxx Desert Mountain Sea极限之旅 Dead Man's Island亡灵岛 Dracula德拉库拉 Ear-Rings from Frankfurt法兰克福的耳环 Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣Kidnapped诱拐 Frankensteinxxxx Survive!生存游戏 Justicexx The Elephant Man象人
Skyjack劫机 Dr JEKYLL and Mr Hyde化身博士 The Prisoner of Zinda曾达的囚徒 King Arthur亚瑟王 Little Women小妇人 Love or Money爱情与金钱 The Hound of The Baskervilles巴斯克维尔猎犬 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见 Tales of Mystery and Imagination神秘及幻想故事集Mystery in London雾都疑案 Five Children and It五个孩子和沙精 Oliver Twistxxxx Rember Miranda难忘xx Robin Hood侠盗xx Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙漂流记 Goodbye Mr Hollywood别了,好莱坞先生 Silas Marner织工xxxx Sherlock Holmes and The Sport of Kings福尔摩斯与赛马Stories From The Five Towns五镇故事 Great Expectations远大的前程 The Thirty-nine Steps三十九级台阶
《牛津书虫系列汤姆索亚历险记》电子版英语教学 课外读物（含翻译） 1.Tom and his friends 'Tom! Tom! Where are you?' No answer. 'Where is that boy? When I find him, I'm going to...' Aunt Polly looked under the bed. Then she opened the door and looked out into the garden. 'Tom!' She heard something behind her. A small boy ran past, but Aunt Polly put out her hand and stopped him. 'Ah, there you are! And what's that in your pocket?' 'Nothing, Aunt Polly.' 'Nothing! It's an apple! I can see it. Now listen, Tom. Those apples are not for you, and I -' 'Oh, Aunt Polly! Quick - look behind you!'
So Aunt Polly looked, and Tom was out of the house in a second. She laughed quietly. 'I never learn. I love that Tom, my dead sister's child, but he isn't an easy boy for an old lady. Well, it's Saturday tomorrow and there's no school, but it isn't going to be a holiday for Tom. Oh no! He's going to work tomorrow!' * * * Saturday was a beautiful day. It was summer and the sun was hot and there were flowers in all the gardens. It was a day for everybody to be happy. Tom came out of his house with a brush and a big pot of white paint in his hand. He looked at the fence; it was three metres high and thirty metres long. He put his brush in the paint and painted some of the fence. He did it again. Then he stopped and looked at the fence, put down his brush and sat down. There were hours of work in front of him and he was the unhappiest boy in the village.