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高中英语语法虚拟语气知识点

虚拟语气

英语动词有三种语气

We met in this room . 陈述语气

Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使语气

If I were you , I would study hard . 虚拟语气

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure), 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑(doubt)等等。

1.If 引导的条件状语从句（1）

If I won the lottery now, I would buy an expensive car.

现在事实相反

If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.

过去事实相反

If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.

将来事实相反

2.名词性从句的虚拟语气

(1).Wish 引导的宾语从句

与现在事实相反：过去时（were）

与过去事实相反：had+过去分词

与将来事实相反：would/could/might+V

e.g.: I wish I were a bird.

I wish he hadn‘t done that. (do)

I wish I would be rich in the future.

（2)表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气

宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即

1). insist

2). order, command

3). advise, suggest, propose

4). demand, require, request, desire

We suggested that Tom have a rest.

He insisted that I (should) be present（出席的）.

The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.

They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

He insisted that he (should) be sent there.

注意：如果suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

His pale face suggested that he was ill

The boy insisted that he was right.

1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey (obey) the rules.

2. He insisted that she was (be)seriously ill and that be sent (send) to hospitals at once.

状语从句

1)as if／as though引导的状语从句

as if／as though（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句，

a．一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）

b．过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）

c．would ＋do（表示与将来事实相反）

He looks as if he were his father. 他看起来像他的父亲。

The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for many years.

He seemed as though he had known everything.

It looks as if it would be the last day for him.

虚拟语气特殊句型：

现在：did（were）

if only 过去：had done 要是...就好了；要是...多好

未来：would do

If only I knew his name!

If only we had followed your advice!

If only I could see him again!

现在did

would rather that 过去had done

宁愿未来did

I would rather you paid me now.

I would rather you had gone, too.

Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

Practise

1. If he had not lost his money, he D the piano last week.

A. would buy

B. had bought

C. bought

D. could have bought

2. If we were to be 200 years old, we C everything.

A. will change

B. can change

C. could change

D. changed

3. You are late. If you B a little minutes earlier, you __ him.

A. came, would meet

B. had come, would have met

C. came, would have met

D. were to come, would meet

4.I advised that you D the job as soon as possible .

A finished

B finishing

C to finish

D finish

5. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay A be raised.

A should

B would

C must

D could

6. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he C there.

A. not went

B. won't go

C. not go

D. not to go

7.The teacher demanded that the exam C before eleven.

A. must finish

B. would be finished

C. be finished

D. must be finished

8.The commander ordered that we C work.

A. must finish

B. finished

C. should finish

D. could finish

9. Jane’s pale face suggested that he B ill .

A be

B was

C should be

D is

10.He insists he B right.

A. were

B. was

C. be

D. is

11.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting A .

A. should be put off

B. was put off

C. should put off

D. is to put off

高中英语语法讲义——名词

高中英语语法讲义——名词名词的数单数名词变复数名词的常用法则（1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄．．中吃土豆．．、西．．．．．在回声红柿．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。（5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自己．．和一片树叶．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子．．手里拿着刀子．．和他的妻子．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。（6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师（8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese

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(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图

什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not

一般现在时vs.一般过去时

一般将来时将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。

进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?

进行时(2)

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