2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破
Step1猜测词义常见设问方式
1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “’’？
2.What does the author probably mean by “’’
?
in the contest means _____.
3.The word “’’
4.The term can be best replaced by _____.
probably refers to ____.
5.The word “’’
refers to ______.
6.As used in the line … the word “’’
7.According to the passage, the word “’’
is known as_____.
to refer to ____
8.The passage use the word “’’
means____.
9.According to the author, the underlined word “’’
10.From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “’’
means _____.
在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具
体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会
对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。
Step2. 方法探究
1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for
years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”
The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.
A. story
B. collection
C. inspiration
D. foreign coin
2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind us
of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive.
Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.
The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means ______.
A. invitation to give a speech
B. something, especially given to help others
C. questions asked by interviewers
D. chances to be a hero
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of
the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.
4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others
carried only passengers.
5. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from
it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.
6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the
efficient development of fisheries.
7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter,
who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.
【思考归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking
the opinions of others.
means ______ From the passage, we can infer that the word “autocratic’’
A. friendly to others
B. modest and kindly
C. sticking to one’s own opinion
D. hard-working
9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page.
jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.
What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?
Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.
A. Rhythmic beats.
B. A type of music.
C. A kind of dance.
D. Meaningless talk.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be
carefully cultivated.”
The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means ______.
A. encouraged
B. compared
C. examined
D. developed
11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
According to the author, the underlined word static means ______.
A. unchangeable
B. inactive
C. respective
D. widespread
12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s
population is quite homogeneous.
【思考归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports.
In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason?
Roadkill.
14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.
【思考归纳】这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in
School, of English learning.
16. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five
languages fluently.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80
ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.
18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that
more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 19. 下题中划线的词可换为：
New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city’s history.
A. enough
B. not passing
C. lack of
D. lack
【思考归纳】这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 20. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and
helping to slow global warming.
The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _______.
A. cleaning up
B. taking in
C. wiping out
D. giving up
21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk
and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor.”
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled nature
with the basic tools they had.
23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine,
and business.
The underlined work “aging” means ______.
A. counting the number of years someone lives
B. the numbers of years someone lives
C. becoming older
D. making someone looking older
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________
检测反馈
运用方法探究中学到的技巧，快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！
A
I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and
scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby
of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily
annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks
for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a
baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr.
Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so
ridiculo us. Baby feeding shouldn’t
follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is
feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points
out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on
demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By
the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid
timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of
10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a
health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me.
child’s
sex and age, the mother’s
Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no
account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.
小题1:What does the author think about Dr King?
A．He is strict
B．He is unkind
C．He has the wrong idea.
D．He sets a timetable for mothers
小题2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________
A．basic B．reliable C．surprising D．interesting
小题3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?
A．The baby will sleep well.
B．The baby will have its brain harmed.
C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level.
D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
小题4:The author supports feeling the baby_______.
A．in the night
B．every four hours
C．whenever it wants food
D．according to its blood sugar level
B
For high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn
particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习).
In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites
States，however，such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are likely to
get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and
go on to higher education.
In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German
companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for
future employment.
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams
instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school
professor Robert
Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on
most
the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s
vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education
while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High School
in New York，for example，encourages students to choose classes on career—based courses.
The school then helps them gain on—the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job
market is daunting. In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent
for the third summer in a row.
“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US.小题1:According to Robert Schwartz，_________.
A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US
B．students should get contact with the working world at high school
C．education reform should focus on students’performance in exams
D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience
小题2:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Arguments about recent US education reform.
B．Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.
C．The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.
D．Advice for American high school leavers.
小题3:The underlined word “daunting”in Paragraph 5 most probably means___________.
A．discouraging B．interesting C．creative D．unbearable
解题指导
在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含
义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这
类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。
〖猜测词义第一招〗利用上下文语境线索
任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有
关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过
程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
〖第二招〗利用定义和解释性线索
阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行
解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留
心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。
〖第三招〗根据逻辑关系进行判断。英语中句与句之间在语意上往往存在一些逻辑关系，
如因果、对比、并列、转折关系等。
等连词体现。
因果关系的语境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such… that… 〖第四招〗利用对比线索
有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中多见unlike; although; but;
yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather
than等信息词。
〖第五招〗利用同义线索和同等关系
同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性
词语有or, like, similarly等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，
而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。
〖第六招〗利用例证性线索
某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。
〖第七招〗根据构词法
阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其
意思。《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的
词不应被认定为生词。
〖第八招〗注意熟词生义
英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大
得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。
〖第九招〗根据常识或经验猜测词义
在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去
推断生词的含义。当然也要结合语境。
〖第十招〗
根据词性转化，猜测它在语境中的词义
题目参考答案
1.D
2.B
3.老年综合症 4 goods 5.抗生素 6 海洋生物学7 商店里偷窃的人8 C 9D 10D 11A 12单一的13虎猫an endangered wild cat 14教堂other public halls can 15期刊16 会多国语言的人
17抗毒18简化的19D 20B 21拖把22作斗争23C
第一篇
小题1:C小题2:B小题3:D小题4:C
试题分析：本文典型的议论文，论点是反对定期喂养婴儿。论据：一是我们不知道婴儿
的血糖的情况。二是文中例举了定期喂养的害处。三是实验表明，按需喂养比定期喂养的孩子更聪明。结论:希望结束定期喂养的习惯。
小题1:细节理解题。根据I"ve never heard anything so ridiculous. wrong idea和ridiculous
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
第五讲词义猜测类专项练习 【分类真题】 (2019年全国卷II.A） My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters —Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Flynn There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does "I" refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表 近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。 词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。 常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。预计2018年此题型题量将会保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。
Exercises for guessing the meaning I. Guess the meaning of the underlined parts and write down in the blanks. Mark the information which is useful to guess the meaning. （Yesterday's homework） No. 1. （2011湖南卷）（如在家里一样舒适的，家常的） Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. No. 2.（必需品） A cellphone is a must for today's older workers instead of young people. No. 3. （2011年湖南卷A篇）（引人注目的，重要的） Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking. 1 No.4. （who is ??下定义，木匠） A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . No. 5 （or,同义同位，B） "Background music, or ' Muzak ' , can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---- such as the commercialisation of Christmas--- onto consumeer and influence their behavior, " experts said. “Muzak" now refers to. A. a company B. a kind of music C a song D. an instrument No. 6 （because因果关系+常识，A） Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees. The word " pruning " means A. Regular cutting （修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain No. 7 （like,举例归纳，C） Positive thinking stories can create change in a person. Whether you 're struggling through a pernicious habit like smoking or drug taking, or you are finding it hard to get out of an abusive （虐待的）relationship, reading success stories from people whohave experienced what you 're going through can help encourage you to finally change the things that you don 't like about yourself. What does the underlined word pernicious " mean? A. Mental B. Healthy C. Harmful D. Lifelong No. 8 （ 05广东卷）（对比转折unlike, D ） Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can 't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” The underlined word roughly means. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed No.9 （but,对比转折B）
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