阅读理解词义猜测题专练(二)
(题干加黑的为词义猜测题)
A
(2016·石家庄市第二中学高三适应训练)
The jazz world has a new great musician — Joey Alexander, the 12 years old pianist.
He was born in Indonesia. At age 6, he learned to play jazz by ear. That means, he learned a piece of music just by listening to it, not by reading notes.
Joey's parents are not musicians. His father played a little piano and guitar, but not professionally. Watching his father play music influenced the young boy. So did his father's record collection. He learned jazz by listening to these records.
By the time Joey was 10, the Lincoln Center in New York City invited him to play jazz at Lincoln Center.
“Joey plays a version of Round Midnight, and everybody's jaws dropped, like looking at Joey and looking at each other ... and they're laughing, like ‘This can't possibly be what we're hearing.’He took another take afterwards; it was a completely different arrangement. And again, everyone (laughs) ...you kind of shrug your shoulders, look at each other, scratch your head, and just go ‘Okay, all right, I've never seen this before.’”
Joey is home-schooled. And when he is not performing, he also likes playing with toys, playing sports and watching movies.
He earned two Grammy nominations this year, one for “Best Improvised Jazz Solo” and one for “Best Jazz Instrumental Album.” He is one of the youngest musicians ever to earn a Grammy nomination. And now, Joey, can follow his dream — playing jazz for people to bring them joy and hope.
1．Which of the following statements about Joey Alexander is NOT true?
A．He began to practice jazz at the age of 6.
B．He is educated at home instead of at school.
C．He was greatly influenced by his father's record collection.
D．He is the youngest musician to earn two Grammy prizes.
2．What does the underlined word “take” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Attempt.B．Performance.
C．Look. D．Appearance.
3．How did Joey probably play Round Midnight?
A．Loudly. B．Passionately.
C．Traditionally. D．Creatively.
4．Which one is the best title of the passage?
A．Joey Played “Round Midnight”
B．Joey Was Influenced by His Father
C．Indonesian Pianist, 12, Wows Jazz World
D．How Joey Follows His Dream
B
(2016·南昌市高三模拟测试) With New York City less than 100 miles north and Washington D．C, in the south, Philadelphia is often forgotten compared to its bigger neighbors. However, in many ways, visiting the US' fifth largest city can be a great experience.
Called the place where US democracy was born, on Nov. 6, Philadelphia got another important title: the first UNESCO World Heritage City in the US.
The city became a World Heritage City thanks to “the universal principles of freedom and democracy written down in the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution”both signed at Independence Hall, according to UNESCO. These documents “are greatly important to American history and have also had a big effect on lawmakers around the world”．Despite its importance in history, Philadelphia is also known for a diverse and accepting culture. It's not called the “City of Brotherly Love” for nothing. Philadelphia is home to a huge number of ethnic neighborhoods and one of the largest gay communities in the US. In fact, one of the first gay rights protests in the country happened outside of Independence Hall.
Its collection of public art is another thing that makes Philadelphia stand out. Graffiti art is sometimes paid for as the city tries to make Philadelphia a “museum without walls”．As the US Ne w s website noted, “This is a great example of the city's well-known grassroots culture.”
In recent years, Philadelphia has also become one of the US' most exciting food cities. Travelers won't miss it. They believe no trip would be complete without tasting its soft pretzel (椒盐脆饼) and the famous cheesesteak sandwich. It is a large sandwich made with thin slices of steak and cheese.
Whether you're looking for “historic sites, culture, and art scene, or delicious food”，Philadelphia won't disappoint you, said travel guide Lonely Planet.
5．What made Philadelphia a World Heritage City?
A．The delicious food.
B．The historic sites and art scene.
C．The birthplace of US democracy.
D．The diverse and accepting culture.
6．By saying “museum without walls” in Paragraph 5, the author means “________”．
A．museum sets no limit for art
B．public art can be found everywhere
C．the museum was built without walls
D．the city's grassroots culture is well-known
7．What does the underlined word “complete” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Finished. B．Happy.
C．Perfect. D．Regretful.
8．What can we learn about Philadelphia?
A．It is a great city worth visiting.
B．It is the first UNESCO World Heritage City.
C．There are many famous museums in the city.
D．There are more ethnic groups than other cities in the US.
C
(2016·沈阳市高三教学质量监测)
When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. We've all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed —graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don't think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.
Most people don't make these choices consciously (意识到地) though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.
There's_no_“getting_rid_of_people”. People are always dropping into and out of each other's lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don't get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.
What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldn't you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have
a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn't you stick by him?
Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to his highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren't showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.
It can take a lot of courage to tell someone，“I'm sorry, but I can't have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it's often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it's also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.
9．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________.
A．join a new social community
B．influence their friends around
C．choose their friendships purposely
D．have their people environment changed
10．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Everyone has at least one friend.
B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.
C．Friendship still exists though there are fewer connections.
D．You ought to treat your old and new friends
equally.
11．What is the author's opinion on the loyalty to friends?
A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens.
B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.
C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you.
D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.
12．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?
A．We should accept what we are told to do.
B．We should stay silent and be in favor of him.
C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.
D．We should give our boss courage to continue.
词义猜测题专练(二)
A
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了印度尼西亚一位年仅12岁的爵士乐钢琴演
奏天才Joey的成名经历。
1．选D细节理解题。根据最后一段“He earned two Grammy nominations this year, one for ‘Best Improvised Jazz Solo’ and one for ‘Best Jazz Instrumental Album.’”可知，Joey获得的是两项格莱美提名奖。D选项说的是他获得两项格莱美奖，表述错误。故选D。
2．选B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“He took another take afterwards; it was a completely different arrangement.”可知，Joey的第二次演绎与之前完全不同。由此可知，take 在这里是名词，意为“演绎，场景”，指的是Joey的表演。故选B。
3．选D推理判断题。根据画线词所在句“He took another take afterwards ...never seen this before.’”可推知，Joey的表演是创新的。故选D。
4．选C标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚一名年仅12岁的爵士乐钢琴演奏天才Joey的故事，因此C项适合做文章标题。故选C。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国费城的一些情况。
5．选C细节理解题。根据第二段“Called the place where ... in the US.”可推知，因为费城是美国民主的诞生地，所以被评为世界遗产城市。故选C。
6．选B推理判断题。根据第五段“Its collection of public art ...‘museum without walls’．”可推知，作者提到“没有围墙的艺术馆”是因为费城里有大量的大众艺术，也就是涂鸦之类的画。故选B。
7．选C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的“without tasting its soft pretzel (椒盐脆饼) and the famous cheesesteak sandwich”可知，如果来到费城，没有吃椒盐脆饼和著名的芝士牛肉三明治是不完美的。由此可知，画线词与perfect意思相近。故选C。
8．选A推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether you're looking for ...guide Lonely Planet.”可知，费城是一个非常值得去旅游的地方。故选A。
C
语篇解读：本文讲述了人的一生会经历很多的改变，从而告诉我们：如何适应改变以及怎样做才是对朋友真正的忠诚。
9．选D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“When going through ... in your people environment”可知，当经历人生重大改变时，人们也会经历人际环境的改变。即D项正确。
10．选C句意猜测题。根据画线句后的“People are always dropping ... existing connections”可知，尽管人们之间的联系少了，但友谊依然存在。故选C项。
11．选B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者对朋友忠诚的态度是纠正错误，但要捍卫他们的优点，即B项正确。
12．选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently”可知，如果老板错了，员工就要勇敢地不去服从，即C项正确。
阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一) 猜测词义类 A (2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷) In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions. The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed. The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved. Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children. Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety. Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seeking a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respect ing their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：网上拉票
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题专练（一）猜测词义 类 (2017·甘肃省第一次高考诊断试卷) In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always welcome. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in competitions. The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are becoming tired and may even feel annoyed. The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing competitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved. Although the competitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children. Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National Committee (全国政协委员会), proposed a ban on online competitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety. Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are competing among themselves via their parents' social networks, the competitions are also about parents seek ing a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”．体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：网上拉票
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df2970858.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
（新高考）高考英语二轮复习第一编一阅读理解题型三词义猜测 题练习新人教版 题型三词义猜测题 语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅲ·B篇语篇类型：说明文主题语境：中国时尚 For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. “It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. “China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.” 1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？ A.It promoted the sales of artworks.
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.