阅读理解词义猜测题
词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。设问方式：
对单词意思的猜测：
1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________
2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean?
3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following?
4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________.
对短语意思的猜测
1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________
2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________
3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\
对句子意思的猜测：
1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________
2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________
3.what does the underlined sentence mean?
4.By “….”, the author means that _____________.
对代词的意思猜测
What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?
What does the underlined word refer to?
解题技巧：
1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思
2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句
3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。
4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义
答题步骤
1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。
3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。
方法指导：
单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。
1. 根据上下文解释作出判断
根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C）
66. The underlined words ―the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.
A. the fish beaten up
B. the fish found out
C. the fish fattened up
D. the fish driven away
分析：从前面的“being driven away‖可知，得出答案是_______.
2. 根据转折或对比关系判断
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号（；）也可以表示转折、对比或不相于的意义。
例2 July 21 st , 2007 was a typical English summer’s day — it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I lift work at 5 pm, however, the road into our village was flooded. Our house bad never been flooded but, as I opened the front door, a wave of water greeted me. Thank God the kids weren’t with me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls, ceilings pulled down.
45. What does the underlined word ―amiss‖ in the first paragraph mean?
A. Wrong.
B. Missing.
C. Right.
D. Found.
分析：根据however，可以猜测出nothing was amiss与the road into our village was flooded 是相反的，因此答案为________.
4．根据构词法（转化、合成、派生）进行判断
在英语中，有很多词可以在其前面加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。掌握了一定的构词法便可轻松猜出它的词义。
5．根据因果关系进行判断
（08全国二B）In nutrition(营养) it was all good news too. This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.
62. The underlined word ―fixture‖ in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______.
A. that people enjoy eating
B. that is always present
C. that is difficult to get
D. that people use as a gift
分析：根据对该水果在营养，口味等方面的优势分析，得出它是购物者的菜篮中的不可或缺的水果。答案为B。
6．根据同位关系进行判断
在篇章中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词or连接。
7．利用文章中的举例来猜测词义
可以用从具体到一般，根据文章所举的例子，猜出该词的意思。
（08北京C）You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employee s’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling.
Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.
63. The underlined word ―contributions‖ probably means ________.
A. money
B. suggestions
C. reports
D. understanding
分析：根据后面the group sending of a gift is reasonable 等猜测出应当是买礼物所需要的钱。得出答案_____.
8．利用同义词或反义词来猜测词义
（09全国二A）I know what you’re thinking: pizza（比萨饼）？For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to.
41. The word ―leftovers‖ in paragraph I probably means______.
A. food remaining after a meal
B. things left undone
C. meals made of vegetables
D. pizza topped with fruit
9．利用常识来猜测词义
句子：对句子意思的理解需要我们对文章有一个整体的理解，然后来分析句子在上下文的意思，从而推知句子在文章中的意思。
(08北京D) When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair(失望)and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.
67. In Paragraph 3, ―We gave London to each other‖ probably means ______.
A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us
B. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London
C. our unpleasant feeling about London disappeared
D. we parted with each other in London
（08北京E）On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
73. In Paragraph 3, ―gain comes without pain‖ probably means ______.
A. losing weight is effortless
B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain
D. diet products are free from calories
（09北京C）So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管)," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with."
66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the researches so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns（D）
(09辽宁)The govemment of indin has planned to send a team to China to see how things are done
A minister once said that india must open the doors for more foreign investment(投资)and such a step would “work wonders as it did for China”.
But it’s a two-way streat ,I just heard about a thousand shenzhen office workers who have gone to rangalore to train in software .Mcanwhile , all the IT majors are setting up a strong ptesence in China,
No wonder that trade , which was only in the millions just ten years ago ,is expected to his about us$15 billion for last year and us$20 billion by 2008, a goal set by both governments,
57 What does the author mean by “it’s a two-waystreet’ in paragraph 10?
A China and India have different traffic rules
B Tea trade works wonders in beth india and China
C Chinese priducts are popular in both China and India,
D The exchanges between India and China benefit both
（09辽宁）The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child, At high school, be became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, He worked for the next few years as a computer cagineer. In his free time he started Bay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升级) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill. and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whiman, he has never looked back.. Even in the https://www.doczj.com/doc/399251897.html, crashes of the late 1990s,abay has gone from strength to strength ,. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet
62. From “he has never looked back “in Paragraph 2 we learn that peter_
A. did not feel lonely
B. was always hopeful
C. did not think about the past
D. became more and more successful
短语
短语：对短语的意思猜测主要是根据对上下文的理解、文章内在的逻辑关系以及对课文整体意思的理解来推断
（09四川C）Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not , I feel unsure of m yself and take out a part from my PBA(personal bank account ).I love how singer Judy Garland put it, ―Always be a first-class version(版本) of yourself , instead of a second-class version of somebody else .‖
49. The underlined part ―appear through smoke and mirrors‖ in the first paragraph means ― _____________ ‖.
A. to be honest
B. to be unreal
C. to become clear
D. to come from an imagined world（B）
（09上海陆空C）The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer’s screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.
72. The expression ―to give the thief a piece of their mind‖can be understood as ―_______‖.
A. to give the thief an alert mind
B. to express the owners’ anger to the thief
C. to remind the thief of his conscience
D. to make the thief give up his mind（B）
（09广东B）We studied the board critically. Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten—dollar grand prize，each and every one of US. I'm going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich.
47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _____________.
A. formed an idea for
B. made an outline for
C. made some space for
D. chose some colors for (A)
（09湖北A）
My grandfather came from Hungary and was the only one in his family who settled down in the United States.The rest of his family remained in Europe.When World War I broke out ,he seemed to have become another man,downherated.Such obvious change was not born out of his welfare,but out of fear.if his only son,my uncle,had to go to war,it would be cousin fighting against cousin.
One day in 1918,my Uncle Milton receved his draft notice.My grandparents were very upset,But my mother,at the age of 10,felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war.Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends,my uncle bought them al service pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service.All the little girls were delighted.
52.The underlined phrase “draft notice”means ““
A.order for army service
B.train ticket for Europe
C.letter of rejection
D.note of waring
53.What did the “service pins”(in Para.2)stand for in the dyes of the little girls?
A.Strength.
B.Courage.
C.Victory.
D.Honor.
代词：
代词：我们要在理解全文意思的基础上，通过对上下句或上下文的理解来推测代词在句中的指代对象。
文章中的代词it, that, he hi,或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it 或that还可以指一件事。有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远，有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结才能得出代词所指代的事，遇到这种情况要认真分析原文。
（08全国二A）The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt clos er to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.
59. The underlined words ―my new friend‖ in the last paragraph refer to ______.
A. the author’s son
B. the author’s father
B. the friend of the author’s father D. the café owner
（09浙江A）We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile –warm and reassuring –and I returned her gift by smiling back.
42．What does the underlined phrase ―her gift‖(Paragraph 2) refer to?
A．Her words. B．Her smile. C．Her flowers. D．her politeness.
（09四川E）One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that’s not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land —including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil — into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide（CO2）into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.
58. The underline word ―it‖ in the second paragraph refers to ―‖ .
A. the energy benefit
B. the forest loss
C. climate change
D. burning ethanol
（09安徽B）
Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as "boats on land" for their ability to carry loads. Besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures
60. The words "boats on land" underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to __
A. animals for taking goods
B. creatures for pulling plows
C. treasures of the folk culture
D. tools in the farming economy
（09安徽E）In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals．This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply．
73．What does the word ―this‖ underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain．
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests．
C．People have a strong desire for resources．
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests．
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧 题型介绍 高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见提问方式 The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______. What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for? The word/phrase “________” most near ly means ______. The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______. The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”? What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …? The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________. 正确选项的特点 1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。 2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。 干扰项的特点 1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。 2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。 解题思路 1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。 2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、（表示上下文之间的逻辑关系）关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。 特别提示： 1.不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思。 2.不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。 解题技巧 构词法 派生词：通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。 Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. undersized=under (低于) +size (尺寸、大小)，通过构词法可知以-ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged 三只脚的)，再结合后面的short legs (短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
Teaching Plan Teacher: Guo Bin School: Shanghai Beihong Junior High School Students: Grade 8 Date: October 29, 2014 Student analyses The students who will watch the video are from Grade 8, Beihong Junior High School. In reading, the students are quite good at scanning information from the passage but they are relatively poor at guessing the meaning based on the context. Learning aim: After learning the video clip, the students are expected to: use the four common ways to guess the new words correctly in reading comprehension. Learning procedure: 1. Before learning the video clip (1) Think about the biggest problem in reading comprehension. 2. Learning the video clip (2) Learn the four common ways to guess the meaning of new vocabulary with the typical examples. 3. After learning the video clip (3) Summarize the key points of the video. Homework: Finish the reading exercises for more practice.
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
高考阅读理解之： 猜测词义练习案 Excise1 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 3.They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 4. We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 5. Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? 6.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 7.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 8. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Excise2 A Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as lon g as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intenet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework th ey’ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning wh ere the information is from. Q: The word "plagiarism" means ________. A. cheating in the exams B. putting others' words in quotations C. rewriting others' articles D. stealing others' ideas or words B Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Wa rm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underg round burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blo oded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these r eptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weake r, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough wate r to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Q: The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings C Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale s hark and therefore not under State protection. Q: The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________. A. said B. believed C. thought D. made sure
阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。设问方式： 对单词意思的猜测： 1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________ 2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean? 3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________. 对短语意思的猜测 1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________ 2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________ 3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\ 对句子意思的猜测： 1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________ 2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________ 3.what does the underlined sentence mean? 4.By “….”, the author means that _____________. 对代词的意思猜测 What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ? What does the underlined word refer to? 解题技巧： 1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思 2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句 3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。 4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义 答题步骤 1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。 3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。 方法指导： 单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。 1. 根据上下文解释作出判断 根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C） 66. The underlined words ―the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.