A Study of the Marriage Between Elizabeth and
Darcy in Pride and Prejudice
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Content
Part1 Introduction of Jane Austen
1.1 Jane Austen's background
1.2 Jane Austen's marriage experience and her view of marriage Part2 Analysis of Elizabeth and Darcy's characters
2.1 Analysis of Elizabeth's characters
2.2 Analysis of Darcy's characters
Part3 Marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy
3.1 A happy marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy
3.2 A successful and ideal marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy Part4 Conclusion
Abstract
The marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is the most appreciable one in Pride and Prejudice. Some of their characters make conflicts and also to some extent promote their understanding between each other. For example, Darcy's pride make conflict with Elizabeth's prejudice, in other words, her rebellious character. However, Darcy's integrity and Elizabeth's witty observations and her intelligence helped to resolve the contradictions and release those misunderstandings. The first part of this essay is to give some introduction of the author, Jane Austen to have a better understanding of her background and her view of marriage. The second part is to analysis some characters of Elizabeth and Darcy respectively to identify the two character. The third part of the essay is to analyze the happy successful and ideal marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy. Finally, there will be a conclusion of the essay.
Part1 Introduction of Jane Austen
1.1 Jane Austen's background
Jane Austen was born in a village in Hampshire, 1775. Her father was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family owning eight child. The first 25 years of her life Austen spent in Hampshire. She was educated at home with her sisters. Her parents were good readers and she received a broader education. In comparison to many women of her time, she was better educated than ordinary people. Her life was very quietly, cheerfully, and she did small domestic duties at home.
In her adult life, Britain was at war with France. At that period of time, there were a lot of injuries caused by the war. Her brothers, Frank and Charles served in the Royal Navy. On one hand, they brought some wealth and honor. On the other hand, they were in constant danger. Woman's choices were severely limited at that time. Marriage was not just a problem of love, what is more, it was also a problem of money and one's social status.
As it was described in the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice, “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”, women owned no property at that period of time and marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition.
1.2 Jane Austen's marriage experience and her view of marriage
Jane Austen did not marry in her whole life. Jane Austen's father would like Austen to marry a rich man. However, Jane fell in love with a young lawyer who owned just a little asset. Therefore, his father disagreed with their marriage and required that lawyer come back to his hometown and did not allow the two to meet with each other. Finally, that lawyer married with another woman and Jane Austen chose to be unmarried in all her life.
Her own experience influenced her view of marriage to some extent. In Jane Austen's view, marriage should be based on both love and economic condition, but love plays a more significant role between the both. At that time, she thought it is wrong to marry for money, but at the same time it is unwise to marry without money. Therefore the most ideal marriage is to marry based on both love and economy in her heart. The marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is just what Jane Austen thought the most successful and ideal marriage.
Part2 Analysis of Elizabeth and Darcy's characters
2.1 Analysis of Elizabeth's characters
In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth appeared as a unique girl who was rebellious and brave with sharp intelligence and witty observation. She is outstanding and she is totally different from other women around her. She dares to speak as well as act. She is determined and strong-minded. She
will do anything she thinks right rather than do everything according to social norms.
For example, when Mr. Collins made a proposal to her, she did not just obey her mother's willing and she followed her own heart to speak against the ridiculous proposal. She refused Mr. Collins directly, “I am very sensible of of the honor of your proposals, but it is impossible for me to do otherwise than decline them.” She is definitely brave and believes in love, she want to find a man she really loves but not just accept the engagement for family will. She was straight-forward to refuse him, after all, as far as herself concerned, it was absolutely impossible for her to accept such an engagement. Her feelings in every respect forbid it, so she was brave enough to decline the no love involved proposal directly without hesitation. Her rebellion also represented in the conversation with Lady Catherine de Bourgh. As Lady Catherine was considered as a noble image of the high status, nearly all people flattered her deliberately with hypocrisy. However, as for Lady Catherine's air of ungracious, insolent and disagreeable, especially her sarcasm, Elizabeth brave enough to against it. When Catherine came to Elizabeth’s home to blame her because of her engagement with her nephew Darcy, she had taken courage to negotiate with Lady Catherine. We all know in that period of time, there were social ranks in the society, however, she does not feel inferior to others. Instead, she is confident enough to rebel the social stereotype. She challenge the authority,
“But you are not entitled to know mine; nor will su ch behavior as this ever induce me to be explicit.” In response to Lady Catherine-the one represents authority, she didn’t give up but to involve and against as her own will.
2.2 Analysis of Darcy's characters
There is no doubt that Darcy was pride of himself because of his identity and he was differentiate himself from others. At the ball, from the conversation between Darcy and Binley revealed this character, “I certainly shall not, you know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner. As such an assembly as this, it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with.” We can see how pride was he for actually there were many pretty girls in the ball, however, he just ignore them and even thought to dance with them was even a punishment for him. When Binley recommended Elizabeth as his partner, he despised with mock that she is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt him. What is more, he would not to invite those young ladies who were slighted by other men. He attached too much importance of himself. His pride made a bad impression for Elizabeth when they met in the first time.
However, he was also a man of integrity. He would like to express himself in a direct way rather than hide his sincere feeling. He did not
like other common people who would like to convey their feelings in an indirect way. When Darcy Elizabeth and Bingley talk about the writing style, they have the following conversation. Bingley said, “My ideas flow so rapidly that I have no time to express them by which means my letters sometimes convey no ideas at all to my correspondents”. He says those words to express his humility. But at that time Darcy says, “Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility. It is often only carelessness of opinion, and sometimes an indirect boast”. He was a true friend with integrity and he did not conceal his real feeling.
We may see that he is a true friend.
What is more, at his first proposal to Elizabeth, he did not say any flattered words, he expressed all his opinion about her family and his true love for her sincerely. When Elizabeth was playing piano, as he ever said to Elizabeth, “I certainly have not the talent whi ch some people possess of conversing easily with those I have never seen before. I cannot catch their tone of conversation, or appear interested in their concerns, as I often see done.” He did not hide his flaw and talked with Elizabeth faithfully. It is the character of integrity helped to melt the misunderstanding between them later which finally lead to their happy marriage.
Part3 Marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy
3.1 A happy marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy
The marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy was a happy ending because their marriage was based on sincere love. Darcy was attracted by Elizabeth’s cheerful and lovely characters as time went by although at the first sight he thought she was just tolerable. However, Elizabeth believed in what others said about Mr. Darcy, her prejudice arose the misunderstood between them. However, Darcy’s integrity shorts their distance of their heart. He told Elizabeth his feeling, then Elizabeth made reflection of her former judgment with her calm intelligence.
Actually, it was not just one side that could make the wonderful marriage, it was their love really does matter. A true love is the one that can still reserve entirely although there were many misunderstandings before, just like the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth. They married each other on equal terms after breaking each other’s pride and prejudice.
The true happy marriage is based on love and sense, the two major characters fell in love with sense, therefore, their love was a wonderful happy marriage.
3.2 A successful and ideal marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy
The marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth was a successful marriage in view of two aspects. Materially, Darcy was a rich man who own a large sum of money. At that period of time, a really true love is
based on both economy and love. The marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth in basis of money and love is the kind of marriage that can last longer in view of people.
Spiritually, the two both pursuit sincere love not based on the social limitations. Elizabeth is intelligent and witty but with the tendency to judge on her first impression. Supposing she did not overcome her prejudice, there would not be such an ideal marriage. Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship is ultimately decided when Darcy overcomes his pride with sincere love, and Elizabeth overcomes her prejudice, then, they both fall in love with each other. It seems that everything is best arranged.
What is more, as far as the Jane Austen concerned, the marriage was a great success combined the two factors mentioned above. Marriage based merely on money, property and and social status is not perfect, and it is very stupid; On the contrary, marriage based on love without economical foundation seems imperfect, after all, money is to some extent a necessity for our lives. However, the marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth become a successful one, or in other words, an ideal one because their marriage made up and fulfilled what Jane Austen had not achieved in her real life-the marriage with a man who loves her and she loves him base on economy admitted by her family,
Part4 Conclusion
In Pride and Prejudice, the marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy is very interesting.
Their love is the happy and successful one from the former analysis of the two major role’s character. They have some similar characters, and to some extent their characters are relatively complemented. Elizabeth was a rebellious and brave girl, who was also intelligent and wit. Her sharp and lovely character made conflict with Darcy's characters of pride and at same time it became the most attractive point for Darcy. We may find out the two have some similar characters to some extent which finally make them attract each other and they fell in love.
It seems that their marriage is admirable but also it is ideal. Their marriage was the most worthwhile to appreciate in Pride and Prejudice, however it is the kind of marriage based on love and economy that is most hard to achieve in our really life.
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一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey?Chaucer, one?of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
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Interpretation of “Bartleby” 2012 English Class, 1204402019, Crush Abstract Herman Melville?s tale “Bartleby”is one of those highly acclaimed symbolic short stories in the 19th century. Bartleby is an exploited worker in the capitalistic prison—Wall Street. To some critics, he is “a Thoreau-like practitioner of passive resistance”or “an autobiographical projection of Melville as alienated author.”1In this article, I am going to concentrate on the dark, ruthless commercial society and its defective capitalist values the narrator wants to reveal in “Bartleby”; specifically, I will illustrate how the narrator?s failure to understand the existence of Bartleby and to help him indicates the limitations of rationalism. Further more, I will also try to explain what does Bartleby really need, and how can people really save him from terrible forlornness. Key words Bartleby society limitation rationalism capitalist values Melville?s “Bartleby”is narrated by the first-person narrator, as he describes himself, is “a man who, from his youth upwards, has been filled with a profound conviction that the easiest way of life is the best…one of those unambitious lawyers who never addresses a jury, or in any way draws down public applause; but in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, do a snug business among rich men?s bonds and mortgages and title-deeds.” He is quite satisfied with his profitable life. He is proud of himself in his successful business and proudly attached that he was once employed and praised by John Jacob Astor: “All who know me consider me an eminently safe man. The late John Jacob Astor, a personage little given to poetic enthusiasm, had no hesitation in pronouncing my first grand point to be prudence; my next method.”The narrator is a typical business man of Wall Street—the epitome of the increasing urbanized, capital-driven society. The author does not set Wall Street as the backdrop randomly, but uses it 1(journal articles) Y on-jae Jung, “The Poe-esque Elements in Melville?s…Bartleby the Scrivener?”, Foreign Literature Studies 4 (2009), p. 63.
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☆英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。雪莱（Shelley ，1792一1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”（If Winters comes,can spring be far behind）成为妇幼皆知的诗文。 华兹华斯（Wordsworth，1770-1850），18-19世纪之交英国浪漫主义运动最伟大和最有影响的诗人。他和克勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞(Robert Southey)三人组成“湖畔派诗人(the Lake Poets)”其作品的主题是人与大自然的关系。1813年他接受政府长期津贴，1843年又被封为桂冠诗人。他的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)、《水仙》(Daffodill)和《序曲》(The Prelude)等。 笛福（Daniel Defoe,1661-1731）是英国小说之父。59岁时发表的成名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）出版后立即成为家喻户晓的畅销书。随后，他又写了《辛格顿船长》(Captain Singleton)、《摩尔·弗兰德》(Moll Flanders)、（大疫年日记）(a Journsl of the Plagure Year)等小说。《鲁滨逊飘流记》是根据苏格兰水手亚历山大·塞尔扣克的航海遇险、流落
英国文学史课程论文 Lake Poets in the history of English literature 英国文学史上的湖畔诗人 院（系）名称外国语学院 专业名称英语 学生姓名程路佳 学生学号1201200127 课程教师刘鹏飞 2015年12月23日
Lake Poets in the history of English literature Auther:Cheng Lujia Tutor:Liu Pengfei Abstract The Lake Poets or Lake School was a group of English poets: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, RobertSouthey, and William Wordsworth. They lived in the “lake district” in northwestern England. This group was part of the romantic movement of the late 1700?s and early 1800?s. They were inspired by the French revolution and theEnglish Industrial Revolution. They made bold experiments on poetry writing, no matter no poetry language seeking or subjects. Wordsworth was regarded as “worshipper of nature”. Coleridge was not only a poet but also a critic. While Southey pay more his attention to his democratic community in America known as “Pant isocracy”. Key words: The Romantic Period, Nature, Super nature, Imagination, Innovation, Simple language, Inner world, Spirit, Common life, Democratic, Pant isocracy
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are