现在分词用法浅析
【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式是动名词吗？
Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties. (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23)
答：我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法，动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式，但是在功能和用法上存在很大的区别，两者在句中充当不同的成分，起着各自不同的作用。现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。
一、现在分词的形式
1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。
The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 那位编辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。
2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。
例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。
Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 由于童年时相貌被嘲笑，男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。
3.现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。
例如：Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. 不认真读书，他就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。
Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注，年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应，因此他决定再写一封信。
二、现在分词的用法
1. 作定语现在分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。
例如：Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。
2. 作表语现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。例如：The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。
The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望，前所未有地鼓舞人心。
It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议要推迟，真是恼人。
3. 作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。
例如：Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然哗哗地流着。
When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more. 当我发现他欺骗我时，我决定再不接受他的奉承和道歉了。
4. 作状语现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
1) 表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。
例如：He went through the papers while listening to music. 他边浏览报纸，边听音乐。
Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候，我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。
2) 表示条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
例如：Being given once more time, I will finish the task! 假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！
Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 如果准备充分，我们肯定能通过考试。
3) 表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc.
例如：Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. 由于不明白两个案子之间的关系，我咨询了律师。
Being ill, she can't go to work today. 因为生病，今天她不能上班了。
4) 表示让步，相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。
例如：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管了解了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。
Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。
5) 表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。
例如：His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. 他父母的来信刚刚到，可解了他的焦躁了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果耽搁了。
表示方式或伴随状语。
例如：They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. 他们躺在草地上，仰望着填空。
The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 孩子们从房间里跑出来，欢笑着，蹦跳着。
根据上述现在分词的用法，我们可以了解到问题中涉及的句子中的动词-ing形式，即completing一词，并不是动名词形式。在这个句子中出现了while，引导时间状语，因此completing为现在分词形式，表示句中的时间。全句意为：必须能够六天不睡觉，同时完成其他一些任务。
现在分词与过去分词
【提问】下面这一题应该如何解答？
From friends and family, prisoners often suffer from loneliness.
A. Cutting out
B. Cutting down
C. Cut in
D. Cut off
(Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 42)
答：该句子涉及到分词结构。选项A、B为现在分词；选项C、D为过去分词，如果分析分词的成分和用法，可将前者与后者区分开来。
现在分词与过去分词都可以在句中起形容词和副词的作用，可作定语、表语、补足
语和状语。
1) 作定语现在分词作定语，多表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行，也可表示经常性的动作或状态；而过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作先于谓语动词发生的动作或表示被动关系。分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：The man standing at the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的男子是我们的老师。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
2) 作表语现在分词和过去分词作表语时都放在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
例如：I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我想这时商店关门了。
The idea seems quite convincing. 这个主意好像很有说服力。
3) 作宾语补足语现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词(如hear, see, notice, watch, feel, look at等)或使役动词(如make, let, have等)的宾语之后，亦可以用于“with+复合宾语”结构中。选择使用现在分词还是过去分词主要取决于宾语和动词的关系，如果两者间是主动关系就用现在分词，如果是被动关系则用过去分词。例如：We watched the teacher making the experiment carefully. 我们仔细地看老师做实验。
When he came in, he found the window broken. 当他进来时，发现窗户被打破了。
4) 作状语分词作状语时，现在分词往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随情况等；过去分词一般表示被动关系或已经完成的动作，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随情况等。
例如：Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out. 听到呼救声，他们都冲了出来。
Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励，我们比以前更努力地学习。
【扩展】分词短语作状语时，它表示的动作或状态有意义上的主语，这个意义上的主语与句中主语是一致的，即所指的同一个人或同一件事物。
例如：Looking up at Tom, I listened to the story of Washington. 我抬头看着汤姆，听着华
盛顿的故事。(look up 和listen to 都是“我”发出的动作)
如果分词短语意义上的主语与句中主语不是同一个人或物，就必须有一个名词或一个主格代词作它意义上的主语，放在前面构成一个独立短语，这种“名词(主格代词)+分词”的结构称为带主语的独立结构。
例如：The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. 公共汽车很挤，他只好站着。(分词的逻辑主语是the bus，句子的主语是he)
It being fine, I’ll go f ishing. 天气好的话，我将去钓鱼。(分词的逻辑主语是It，句子的主语是I)
形容词性的现在分词与过去分词的区别
分词用作形容词时，present(现在)和past(过去)这两个术语并不能说明它们的真正作用，它们的主要区别在于语态和时间关系上。
1) 语态不同现在分词表示主动关系，过去分词表示被动的意思。
例如：a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的孩子the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳
a burnt child 一个烧伤的孩子 a raised hand 举起的手
2) 时间关系不同一般来说现在分词表示的动作可能与句中限定动词所指的动作同时发生，也可能不同时发生；而过去分词指过去的时间或已经完成的动作。
例如：boiling water沸水an interesting story 激动人心的故事
boiled water 冷开水 a fallen leaf落叶 a retired teacher退休教师
【注意】英语中有许多表示人的情感类的形容词需注意区别：现在分词往往来说明某事物所具有的某种性质、特征；而过去分词往往用来说明人受外在条件影响所产生的情感。
例如：interesting有趣的，令人感兴趣的interested 感兴趣的，对……表现出兴趣的；disappointing令人失望的，令人灰心的disappointed失望的，沮丧的；
puzzling令人困惑的，令人迷惑不解的，puzzled 困惑的；迷惑不解的；
exciting令人激动的，使人兴奋的，excited激动的，兴奋的。
根据现在分词与过去分词的区别情况，可以判断原句前半句中，存在分词作状语的情况，
分词的逻辑主语与后面的主句主语一致，由于表示的是被动的关系，说明了prisoners often suffer from loneliness的原因，因此应该选择过去分词的两项C和D。选项中cut 的四个固定词组分别为：cut out“停止作用”；cut sth. down“砍倒，夺取，减少”；cut in“驶入车道过急，插嘴，加入”；cut off“切去，打断，使孤立”，根据句意，应该选择D。全句意为：由于与家人和朋友相隔离，囚犯们常常深受寂寞之苦。
高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲 解 高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲解 高考英语复习方法总结：分词讲解 我们要讨论一下英语中一种非常重要的动词变化形式----三种非谓语动词的形式，即动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。今天我们着重讲一下分词。 分词，是动词的一种变化形式，只是这样变化完成之后，原先动词所具有的动作意义明显减弱了，更偏向于英语中形容词和副词的语法作用，因此在句中主要充当定语、状语和补足语。并且，使用分词可以起到简化定语从句和状语从句的作用，也就是分词可以起到定语和状语从句的语法作用，这一点我们会在下面的讲解中慢慢体会。 一、分词做定语 1、现在分词做定语 现在分词做定语主要有两种意义 (1)、表示主动、一般的动作 我们说过，分词是定语从句的简化，在分词表示这种意义时，若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用一般现在时。此时，现在分词多数表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性特点。 e.g a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles everyone The exploring > (2)、表示主动地、正在进行的动作
此时现在分词所表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性特点，强调正在发生的动作 e.g falling leaves=leaves that are falling 2、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语，也有两种意义 (1)、表示被动的、一般的或完成的动作 此时动词一般为及物动词，此时若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用被动语态 e.g the exploited > The boiled water=the water that has been boiled(表示完成) (2)、主动地、完成的动作 由及物动词变来的过去分词才有被动意义，而由不及物动词变来的过去分词则不表示被动，只表示主动完成的语态。 e.g a retired general=a general that has retired. 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词做状语 分词做状语，其实就是相应的状语从句简化的结果，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随 1、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。
习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD
现在分词的用法 现在分词（Present Participle）（又称-ing形式、现在进行式），是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 ☆现在分词的两个基本特点： 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳） 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试 比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级） 三：否定式： 所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not 1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A）现在分词的一般式：doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。 女口：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.（smelt 发生在burning 的过程中。） 她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, reading a novel. B）现在分词的完成式：having done 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2）现在分词的语态： 现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。 反之，用被动。 如: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.（the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。） I found the car being washed.
come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比 一、表示日常生活或娱乐 come 和 go 后接日常生活的某些活动或娱乐活动，表示来做某事或去做某事，此时两者用法基本相同，只是“方向”不同。 1. come doing 的用例 Come dancing. 来跳舞。 Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗? Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。 Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗? 2. go doing 的用例 It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake.在湖上滑冰有危险。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。 Could you look after the kids while I go shopping? 我去买东西，你照管一下孩子，好吗? On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. 我小的时候,我们星期六都一早起床去钓鱼。 还可表示方式或伴随 go后接现在分词可以表示“去”的方式，或者是伴随“去”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如： She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 说明：在这类用法中，go doing 远比 come doing 用得普通，表示去进行该活动，其用法与上面讲到的“come+现在分词”相似，只是方向不同，一个表示“来”做某事，一个表示“去”做某事。 同时 go doing 的搭配能力也比 come doing 强得多，通常能这样搭配的现在分词有 climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking徒步旅行, hunting, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, dancing, shopping, fishing, water-skiing 等。 They are going skiing. 他们要去滑雪。 They are going sailing. 他们要去航行了。 I’ m going shopping this afternoon.今天下午我要去购物。， 二、表示“来”“去”的方式 come 和 go 后面可以跟表示运动的动词的现在分词，可以“来”“去”的方式，含有“……来”“……去”之意，但在具体翻译时应灵活处理。 1. come doing的用例 She came running into the room. 她跑进屋来。 Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头。 2. go doing的用例 She went sobbing up the stairs. 她呜咽着上楼去了。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 三、“go+现在分词”的其他用法
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home
高考英语一般现在时用法总结(完整)题库 一、单项选择一般现在时 1．Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. A．was served B．will serve C．is served D．served 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况，要用一般现在时态；句子主语Beijing Roast Duck是单数第三人称，和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为C。 2． Temperatures________ quite dramatically at night in mountains, so put on some warm clothes before going out. A．are dropped B．drop C．are being dropped D．have dropped 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：山里的气温晚上下降得厉害，所以出门前穿上一些暖和的衣服。山里的气温到晚上骤降是自然状况，应该用一般现在时的主动语态。故选B。 考点：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 3．You’d better write down her address before you ________ it. A．forget B．are forgetting C．forgot D．will forget 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：趁你还没有忘记，最好把电话号码记下来。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A项 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．All of you ______ at the school gate! We’ll soon start. A．will gather B．gather C．will be gathering D．are gathering 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查祈使句。本文属祈使句。带有命令的口气，相当于“All of you , please gather at the school gate!”所以选B。所有人到学校门口集合，我们马上要出发了。 考点：考查祈使句
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 （一）分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于： ·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving. ·过去分词可用于： ·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English. （二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 （三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤 （1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 （2）找准逻辑主语 （3）判断主、被动关系 （4）选定现在或过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3. What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之前，作前置定语。例如： What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert．演奏会上，很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时，也可作后置定语。例如： Make sentences with the words given ．用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时，要放在被修饰代词之后，作后置定语。例如： Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing ． 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如： Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red ．(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red ．) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“感到……的”意思。例如： The match was very disappointing ． 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed ． 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make
高中英语现在分词的用法 1）- ing分词（短语）作主语： 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如： It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如： Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2）-ing 分词（短语）作宾语： 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成， 例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
高中现在分词用法练 时间：20150529 一 1. (make) full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (= After we have made full preparations...) 2. (be) ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 (= Because he was ill...) 3.His father died, (leave) him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱. (= and left him a lot of money.) 4.He lay on the grass, (stare)at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 (= ...and stared at the sky for a long time) 5. (work) hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 (=If you work hard at your lessons.) 6. (know)all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 (= Although they knew all this.)Rewrite the following sentences. 7. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. ________________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. 8. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages. 9. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. 10. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________. 11. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _______ on the wall is a world-famous one. 12. Because he di dn’t receive an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. ____ ____________ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. 13. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _______ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.
初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/
意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：