CHAPTER 4
1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_______.
A. borrowing
B. word-formation
C. conversion
D. the number of the people speaking English
2. _______ doesn't belong to the most productive means of word-formation.
A. Affixation
B. Compounding
C. Conversion
D. Blending
3. Conversion gives us _______ of the new vocabulary.
A. 30%
B. 28%
C. 26%
D. 28% to 30%
4. Word formation excludes _______.
A. affixation and compounding
B. conversion and shortening
C. chipping, acronymy and blending
D. repetition and alliteration
5. The most productive word formation are _______.
A. affixation
B. compounding
C. conversion
D. all the above
6. Of the following word-formation processes, _______ is the most productive.
A. clipping
B. blending
C. initialism
D. derivation
7. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______.
A. compounding
B. affixation
C. conversion
D. shortening
8. The prefixes in the words of irresistible, nonclassical and apolitical are called _______.
A. reversative prefixes
B. negative prefixes
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
9. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or _______ to stems.
A. affixes
B. suffixes and prefixes
C. inflectional affixes
D. derivational affixes
10. The words formed by affixation are called _______.
A. affixes
B. derivations
C. derivatives
D. derivationals
11. According to the _______ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.
A. functions
B. positions
C. ways
D. none of the above
12. Prefixes do not generally change the _______ of the stem but only modify its meaning.
A. word-class
B. meaning
C. form
D. structure
13. Accordingly, prefixes are classified on a semantic basis into _______ groups.
A.7
B. 8
C.9
D. 10
14. These are negative prefixes except _______.
A. dis-
B. in-
C. non-
D. under-
15. "Ex-" in the word "ex-prisoner" is _______.
A. free root
B. bound root
C. inflectional affix
D. derivational affix
16. All of the following are pejorative prefixes except _______.
A. mal-
B. arch?
C. pseudo-
D. mis-
17. The "de -" in "decompose" is _______.
A. a negative prefix
B. a pejorative prefix
C. a reversative prefix
D. an orientation prefix
18. The prefixes contained in the following words are called _______: pseudo, friend, malpractice, mistrust.
A. reversative prefixed
B. negative prefixes
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
19. The prefixes in words anti-government, pro-student and contraflow are _______.
A. prefixes of degree or size
B. prefixes of orientation and attitude
C. prefixes of time and order
D. miscellaneous prefixes
20. The prefixed contained in unwrap, de-compose and disallow are _______.
A. reversative prefixed
B. negative prefixes
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
21. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and archbishop are _______.
A. negative prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
22. A subcutaneous infection is _______ the skin.
A. on the surface of
B. above
C. under
D. below
23. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______.
A. active
B. passive
C. lazy
D. diligent
24. _______ of the given prefixes indicates number.
A. fore-
B. anti-
C. semi-
D. pan-
25. The primary function of suffixes is to _______.
A. change the word-class of roots
B. change the meaning of stems
C. change the grammatical function of stems
D. change the structure of roots
26. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.
A. a negative prefix
B. a pejorative prefix
C. a reversative prefix
D. a miscellaneous prefix
27. The prefixes in words bilingual, uniform and hemisphere are _______.
A. number prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
28. _______ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and forehead.
A. Prefixes of orientation and attitude
B. Prefixes of time and order
C. Locative prefixes
D. Prefixes of degree or size
29. The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.
A. negative prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C. prefixes of time and order
D. miscellaneous prefixes
30. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.
A. negative prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C. prefixes of time and order
D. locative prefixes
31. Which of the following prefixes can not be used to indicate time and order?
A. Ex-.
B. Fore-.
C. Post-.
D. Para-.
32. Which of the following is a case of suffixation?
A. Hemisphere
B. Attempt
C. NATO
D. Respondent
33. A multiplied insect has _______ feet.
A. two
B. four
C. six
D. many
34. A tricycle has _______ wheels.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. Four
35. Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?
A. Auto-.
B. Mis-.
C. Hemi-.
D. Pre-.
36. We usually group suffixes on a _______ basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.
A. grammatical C. meaningful
B. structural D. practical
37. -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _______ nouns.
A. abstract C. concrete
B. de-verbal D. de-adjective
38. These are adjective suffixes except _______.
A. -ish
B. -ive
C. -ai
D. -ance
39. The word "courageous" is created by _______.
A. noun suffixes
B. adverb suffixes
C. adjective suffixes
D. verb suffixes
40. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.
A. same
B. identical
C. similar
D. different
41. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives?
A. -ion.
B. -ism.
C. -ity.
D. -ist.
42. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _______.
A. -ful
B. -wise
C. -less
D. -like
43. _______ of the following is not a verb suffix.
A. -ate
B. -en
C. -ed
D.-fy
44. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.
A. noun suffixes
B. verb suffixes
C. adverb suffixes
D. adjective suffixes
45. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.
A. noun suffixes
B. verb suffixes
C. adverb suffixes
D. adjective suffixes
46. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______ aspects.
A. phonetic features
B. semantic features
C. grammatical features
D. all the above
47. There are _______ major classes of compounds.
A. two
B. four
C. three
D. five
48. " Washing machine" is a word formed by _______.
A. prefixation
B. compounding
C. conversion
D. blending
49. "Law-abiding" belongs to _______.
A. adjective compound
B. noun compound
C. verb compound
D. none of the above
50. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.
A. a djective compound
B. noun compound
B. v erb compound D. none of the above
51. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.
A. affixation; conversion
B. clipping; affixation
C. conversion; backformation
D. backformation; borrowing
52. Which of the following is not through backformation?
A. To mass-produce.
B. To lip-read.
C. To nickname.
D. To chain-smoke.
53. Conversion is a method _______.
A. of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speech
B. of converting words of one meaning into different meaning
C. of deriving words through grammatical means
D. of changing words in morphological structure
54. In a derivational process, an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. The name is _______.
A. full conversion
B. partial conversion
C. functional shift
D. zero-derivation
55. Words involved in conversion are primarily _______.
A. nouns, verbs and adverbs
B. nouns, adjectives and verbs
C. nouns, prepositions and verbs
D. adjectives, adverbs and verbs
56. Almost all monomorphemic _______ can be conversed into nouns, which are semantically related to the
original verbs in various ways.
A. verbs
B. adjectives
C. adverbs
D. prepositions
57. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.
A. partial conversion
B. full conversion
C. speech shift
D. grammatical shift
58. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.
A. plural forms
B. single forms
C. adjectives
D. definite articles
59. In most cases a noun can be converted to a verb _______.
A. with some changes
B. without any change
C. with some changes in spelling
D. without any change in pronunciation
60. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.
A. between noun and adjective
B. between noun and verb
C. between verb and adjective
D. none of the above
61. The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.
A. spelling
B. pronunciation
C. stress
D. function
62. "Empty" in the sentence "The meeting was over and the meeting-room began to empty" is _______.
A. adjective
B. verb
C. noun
D. four
63. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?
A. Dorm.
B. Motel.
C. Gent.
D. Zoo.
64. _______ are words pronounced letter by letter.
A. Initialisms
B. Acronyms
C. Blends
D. Clips
65. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.
A. UN
B. NATO
C. BASIC
D. UNESCO
66. "BBC" is formed in the way of _______.
A. acronymy
B. clipping
C. back-formation
D. prefixation
67. "TV" is a (n) _______.
A. initialism
B. acronym
C. derivative
D. compound
68. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.
A. prefixation
B. suffixation
C. acronymy D- conversion
69. Back-formation is the method of creating new words by _______ the supposed suffixes. ( )
A. removing
B. combining
C. shortening
D. considering
70. Back-formation usually involves _______ types of words.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. two
71. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely _______.and some of them have not gained public acceptance.
A. formal
B. adjectives
C. human nouns
D. informal
72. The word "sandwich" which now denotes a popular fast food originates from _______.
A. Faraday
B. John Montague
C. Bloomers
D. Thomas More
73. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. trade-names
74. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. tradenames
75. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. tradenames
76. Which of the following words is NOT from Chinese?
A. Tea.
B. Ketchup.
C. Kungfu.
D. Czar.
77. Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. tradenames
78. _______ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear, me, alas.
A. Prepositions
B. Interjections
C. Exclamations
D. Explanations
79. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _______
A. compounding
B. affixation
C. conversion
D. shortening
80. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo- scientific are ______ prefixes.
A. negative
B. reversative
C. pejorative
D. locative
81. The prefixes like un- and dis- can be regarded both as negative prefixes and as privative prefixes. The justification of their category lies in _______.
A. meaning
B. function
C. collocation
D. word-class
82. Some prefixes are categorized as _______ since their chief function is to change the base from one word class to another.
A. conversion prefixes
B. prefixes of orientation and attitude
C. inflectional prefixes
D. prefixes of time and order
83. The word employer is composed of " employ+er", of which -er is the so-called _______ suffix.
A. verb
B. deverbal noun
C. denominal
D. denominal noun
84. As a suffix, _______ means "receiver of the action".
A. -eer
B. -ess
C. -er
D. -ee
85. The suffix -or in actor is a(n) _______ suffix and -ance in performance is a(n) _______noun suffix.
A. concrete; concrete
B. abstract; concrete
C. abstract; abstract
D. concrete; abstract
86. The suffix -ful in mouthful is a suffix and in graceful is a _______ suffix.
A. denominal adjective; denominal adjective
B. denominal noun; denominal adjective
C. denominal noun; denominal noun
D. denominal adjective; denominal noun
87. Of the three words, _______ refers to the physical or heroic qualities of a man, _______ is applied to nonhumans and _______ implies unwelcome masculine attributes usually in a woman.
A. manly; manlike; mannish
B. manly; mannish; manlike
C. mannish; manlike; manly
D. mannish; manly; manlike
88. The pattern of deadline and blueprint is _______ in formation.
A. n. + n.
B. n. + v.
C. adj. + n.
D. adj. + v.
89. The grammatical relationship between the elements in fist-fighting is _______.
A. subject-}-verb
B. verb+object
C. verb ~h adverbial
D. subject+adverbial
90. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs usually involves a change of _______.
A. spelling
B. pronunciation
C. stress
D. function
91. Through _______, we get lip-read out of lip-reading.
A. lexicalizatjon
B. conversion
C. rearrangement
D. backformation
92. The process in which nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does is called a _______ conversion.
A. functional
B. full
C. partial
D. miscellaneous
93. The word motel comes from "motor-f-hotel". This is an example of _______ in terms of word formation.
A. backformation
B. conversion
C. blending
D. acronym
94. The words socio-linguistic and psycho-analysis are _______ according to the bases with which they are coined.
A. compounds
B. blends
C. derivatives
D. acronyms
96. The case of exec derived from executive is an instance of _______ clipping.
A. front
B. back
C. front and back
D. phrase
97. AIDS, which is an instance of _______, is short for "acquired immune deficiency syndrome".
A. pure acronyms
B. hybrid acronyms
C. syllabic acronyms
D. initialisms
98. The word medicare comes from "medical+care", so its structure is _______.
A. head+word
B. word+tail
C. head+head
D. head+tail
99. Almost all the back-formed words are _______.
A. nouns
B. verbs
C. adjectives
D. adverbs
100. Words produced through affixation constitute _______ of all the new words.
A. 20% to 30%
B. 30% to 40%
C. 40% to 50%
D. 10% to 20%
101. The most productive word formation is _______.
A. affixation
B. compounding
C. conversion
D. acronymy
102. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on . [ ]
A. word-formation
B. prefixation
C. suffixation
D. compounding
103. _______ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.
A. Prefixation
B. Derivation
C. Suffixation
D. Compounding
104. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _______ and _______.
A. clipping, blending
B. compounding, conversion
C. conversion, derivation
D. prefixation, suffixation
105. We shall classify prefixes on semantic basis into
A. seven
B. eight
C. nine
D. eleven
106. The prefix "pseudo" is _______.
A. a negative prefix
B. a reversative prefix
C. a locative prefix
D. a pejorative prefix
107. The "de-" in "decompose" is _______.
A. a negative prefix
B. a pejorative prefix
C. a reversative prefix
D. an orientation prefix
108. The chief function of prefixation is to _______.
A. change meanings of the stem
B. change the word-class of the stem
C. change grammatical function
D. all the above
109. The "auto" in "autobiography" is _______.
A. a negative prefix
B. a locative prefix
C. a reversative prefix
D. a miscellaneous prefix
110. The chief function of suffixation is to _______.
A. change meanings of the stem
B. change the word class of the stem
C. change the lexical meaning
D. all the above
111. The word "courageous" is created by _______.
A. noun suffixes
B. adverb suffixes
C. adjective suffixes
D. verb suffixes
112. The meanings of "comic" and "comical" are _______.
A. same
B. identical
C. similar
D. different
113. For the word "political”, its negative form is " _______.
A. apolitical
B. ilpolitical
C. inpolitical
D. impolitical
114. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _______.
A. phonetic features
B. semantic features
C. grammatical features
D. all the above
115. _______ is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.
A. Suffixation
B. Composition
C. Conversion
D. Clipping
116. " Law-abiding" belongs to _______.
A. adjective compound
B. noun compound
C. verb compound
D. none of the above
117. "Sit-in" belongs to _______.
A. adjective compound
B. noun compound
C. verb compound
D. none of the above
118. "up-bringing" belongs to _______.
A. adjective compound
B. noun compound
C. verb compound
D. none of the above
119. Verb compounds are created either through _______ or _______.
A. affixation/conversion
B. clipping/affixation
C. conversion/backformation
D. back-formation/borrowing
120. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _______ whereas in noun phrase _______ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.
A. the first element/the second element
B. the second element/the first element
C. the first element/the first element
D. the second element/the second element
121. Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.
A. three
B. two
C. four
D. five
122. Words mainly involved in conversion are _______.
A. nouns, verbs and adverbs
B. nouns, adjectives and verbs
C. nouns, prepositions and verbs
D. adjectives, adverbs and verbs
123. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called _______.
A. full conversion
B. partial-conversion
C. semantic shift
D. zero-derivation
124. The "house" in "the peasant housed him" belongs to the conversion _______.
A. between noun and adjective
B. between noun and verb
C. between verb and adjective
D. none of the above
125. Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as _______.
A. partial conversion
B. full conversion
C. functional shift
D. grammatical shift
126. Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with _______.
A. plural forms
B. single forms
C. adjectives
D. definite articles
127. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of _______.
A. spelling
B. pronunciation
C. stress
D. function
128. Words produced by conversion are primarily _______.
A. nouns
B. adjectives
C. verbs
D. all the above
129. The most productive conversion is the conversion that takes place _______.
A. between nouns and verbs
B. between nouns and adjectives
C. between verbs and adjectives
D. none of the above
130. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.
A. verbs
B. nouns
C. adjectives
D. adverbs
131. Back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by _______ the supposed suffixes.
A. removing
B. shortening
C. adding
D. writing
132. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______.
A. prefixation
B. suffixation
C. acronymy
D. conversion
133. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on
_______.
A. the grammatical function
B. the pronunciation of the words
C. the spelling way
D. none of the above
134. Word formation excludes _______.
A. affixation and compounding
B. conversion and shortening
C. chipping, acronymy and blending
D. repetition and alliteration
135. Which of the following is a case of suffixation?
A. Hemisphere.
B. Disunite.
C. NATO.
D. Respondent.
136. A tricycle has _______ wheels.
A. two
B. four
C. six
D. three
137. The prefixes in the words*, irresistible, non-classical and apolitical are called _______.
A. reversative prefixes
B. negative prefixes
C. pejorative prefixes
D. locative prefixes
138. Rugby, afghan and champagne are words coming from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. tradenames
139. Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _______ .
A. active
B. passive
C. lazy
D. diligent
140. Ex-student, foretell and post-election contain _______.
A. negative prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C, prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes
141. _______are words pronounced letter by letter
A. Initialisms
B. Acronyms
C. Blends
D. Compounds
142. What does the neo-mean in neo-Nazi?
A. Old.
B. Poor.
C. New.
D. Rich.
143. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?
A. Dorm.
B. Slurb.
C. Gent.
D. Zoo.
144. Which of the following belongs to number prefixes?
A. Fore-.
B. Pro-.
C. Hemi-.
D. Pre-.
145. There are _______ major classes of compounds.
A. two
B. four
C. three
D. five
146. Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. tradenames
147. The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are _______.
A. noun suffixes
B. verb suffixes
C. adverb suffixes
D. adjective suffixes
148. The suffixes in words heighten, symbolize are _______.
A. noun suffixes
B. verb suffixes
C. adverb suffixes
D. adjective suffixes
149. Of the following words, _______ is an initialism.
A. UN
B. NATO
C. BASIC
D. UNESCO
150. Of the following word-formation processes, is the _______ most productive.
A. clipping
B. blending
C. initialism
D. affixation
151. The prefixes in words neo-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are _______.
A. negative prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size
C. prefixes of time and order
D. miscellaneous prefixes
152. Which of the following words is NOT from Chinese?
A. Tea.
B. Ketchup.
C. Kungfu.
D. Czar.
153. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives?
A. -ion.
B. -ism.
C. -ity.
D. -ist.
154. Utopia, odyssey and Babbit are words from _______.
A. names of books
B. names of places
C. names of people
D. tradenames
1. Affixes and compounding processes may become _______ on one time.
2. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______ .
3. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new word.
4. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called _______.
5. _______ is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.
6. The majority of prefixes are _______ by their non-class-changing nature.
7. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.
8. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______ and suffixes.
9. Prefixes are those affixes that added to the head of words, which primarily change the _______ of the stem.
10. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _______.
11. The chief function of _______ is not to change the word class of the stem, but to change its meaning.
12. Suffixation is the formation of new word by adding _______ to stems.
13. In the word "post-war" , "post-" is a prefix of _______.
14. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining _______.
15. Compounds and derived words are _______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.
16. The open _______ are the same in form as free phrases.
17. The stress patterns of compounds are not _______.
18. Compounds are different from free phrases in _______ unit.
19. A compound tends to play a single _______ role in a sentence.
20. An alternative for conversion is _______.
21. _______ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.
22. Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are _______ related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.
23. Such words as "the richer”, "the poor”, "the most corrupt" are all examples of _______.
24. The words "autocide" and "telex" are formed by _______.
25. With the development of market economy psywar becomes more and more popular. "Psywar" means _______.
26. _______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
27. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.
28. _______ is the process of forcing new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special phrases and technical terms.
29. _______ is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.
30. A word is the _______ of form and meaning.
31. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through _______.
32. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are _______, compounding and conversion.
33. Shortening including clipping and _______ is also a way of forming new words in modern English.
34. Affixation falls into two subcategories prefixation and _______.
35. Affixation is also known as _______.
36. The prefixes bi-, multi- and tri- are all _______ prefixes.
37. Compounds can be written solid, _______ and open.
38. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and _______ as a single word.
39. The words sit-in and handshake are both _______ compounds.
40. Verb compounds are generally created either through _______or back-formation.
41. Compounds are largely the results of _______ of phrases.
42. If we need a word which is not found, we can easily make one through _______ or rearrangement of word-forming elements.
43. Conversion is also known as _______ since it does not change the morphological structure of words but their function.
44. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _______.
45. Words formed through acronymy can be divided into _______ and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of the words.
46. Such words as goody-goody, willy-nilly and fiddle-faddle are known as _______ in terms of word formation.
47. The process is called _______ when proper names are changed into common words in use.
48. Words like nylon, orlon and rayon come from _______, a type of proper names.
49. The overwhelming majority of blends are _______.
50. Words imitating natural sounds are _______words.
51. Affixation, also called _______, is one of the word formations.
52. In modem times, the expansion of _______ is mainly through word-formation.
53. The number of inflectional affixes is _______and stable, which makes English one of the easiest language to learn.
54. According to suffixation theory, “villager" is called denominal noun and “employer" is called _______noun.
55. Derivational affixes can be further divided into _______and suffixes.
56. Prefixes do not generally change the _______of the stem but only modify its meaning.
57. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are _______.
58. Compounding is the formation of _______ by joining two or more stems.
59. Words produced through compounding yields _______ of all the new words.
60. _______ conversion and _______ conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.
61. An alternative for conversion is _______.
62. Such words as "the richer”, "the poor”, "the most corrupt" are all examples of _______.
63. _______ is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special phrases and technical terms.
64. _______ is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation.
65. The words "autocide" and "telex" are formed by _______.
66. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with _______ when converted to nouns.
67. Prefixes are those affixes that added to the head of words, which primarily change the _______ of the stem.
68. Every compound should express a(n) _______ idea just as one word.
69. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as _______.
70. _______ is the formation of new words by converting word of one class to another class.
71. _______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
72. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.
( ) 1. Generally, prefixes change part of speech while suffixes change meaning.
( ) 2. Of all the negative prefixes, un- is the most productive.
( ) 3. The prefix anti- is different from counter- in that the former implies an action in opposition to or in response to a previous action while the latter suggests an attitude of opposition.
( ) 4. By noun suffixes or adjective suffixes is meant that the suffixes can be employed to create nouns or adjectives.
( ) 5. Suffixes mainly include noun suffixes, adjective suffixes, adverb suffixes and verb suffixes.
( ) 6. Compounding can take place within any word class, but the most ones are nouns and verbs.
( ) 7. Conversion not only changes the grammatical function of items involvebut their original meaning. ( ) 8. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained acceptance.
( ) 9. Backformation is considered to be the opposite process of affixation.
( ) 10. When proper nouns are commonized, many of them can be converted to other classes and take suffixes as well.
( ) 11. The expansion of vocabulary in modem English depends chiefly on semantic change.
( ) 12. There are always exception while the word-formation rules are applied.
( ) 13. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.
( ) 14. The "hyper" in "hyperactive" belongs to orientation prefixes.
( ) 15. Compounding is the process creating new words by combining affixes and bases.
( ) 16. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjective features.
( ) 17. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words.
( ) 18. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.
( ) 19. The word "flu" is formed by back-formation.
( ) 20. Words from proper names are another source of English vocabulary.
( ) 21. The most productive ways of word-formation are affixation, compounding and conversion.
( ) 22. Shortening includes clipping and blending.
( ) 23. Prefixation and suffixation are two subbranches of affixation.
( ) 24. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.
( ) 25. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.
( ) 26. The limited number of verb compounds are created either through conversion or back- formation. ( ) 27. Verb compounds in the way of back-formation are formed mainly by dropping prefixes.
( ) 28. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. These words are new only in a grammatical sense.
( ) 29. Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
( ) 30. Clipping, a way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and adding a new part to the original.
( ) 31. Words, formed through acronymy are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the spelling of the words.
( ) 32. Backformation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.
1. Words derived by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. ( )
2. The formation of new words by adding prefixes to bases. ( )
3. Words created by joining two or more bases. ( )
4. The word formation by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. ( )
5. Shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. ( )
6. Words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced letter by letter. ( )
7. The formation of new words by shifting words of one class to another. ( )
8. The process of forming new words in which a noun converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. ( )
9. The formation of compound words by repeating the same element with little or no change. ( )
10. Words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as normal words. ( )
1. Illustrate the differences between initialisms and acronyms with examples.
2. What are the differences between compounds and free phrases? What are the semantic features of compounds?
3. What is backformation?
词汇学考试题型 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（2×15=30%） 1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（） A. more B. little C. less D. gradual 2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（） A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A and B 3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（） A. morphologically motivated B. etymologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. none of the above 4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（） A. borrowing B. semantic change C. creation of new words D. all the above 5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（） A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded 6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（） A. alternative morphs B. single morphs C. abstract units D. discrete units 7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（） A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic https://www.doczj.com/doc/d46657065.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）
1.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 2.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 3.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English. A. French B. Greek C. Roman D. Latin 6Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 7The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A.reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 8The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 9The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 10The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 11The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________. A. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head. A.Prefixes of orientation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and order C. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or size 13. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d46657065.html,s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 14.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________. A.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes 15Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______ A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 16The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________. B.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 17The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-. C.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitude C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 18Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d46657065.html,s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 19The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.
英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1） I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot
2012级（1）班 Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ . A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ . A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang 8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows 10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese 11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words https://www.doczj.com/doc/d46657065.html,tin words 12.Black humor is_______ . A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien 13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ . A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism
一、选择题 1．—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A．All B．None C．Anybody D．Everybody 2．—Jerry looks so tired. He works too hard. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A．offer B．support C．provide D．remain 3．In modern life, shopping online is________ used by many people, especially for teenagers. A．exactly B．badly C．heavily D．widely 4．I once worked for a travel magazine for one year and the ________ helped me get a job as a reporter. A．experiment B．information C．experience D．instruction 5．—Oh, my God! I have ________ five pounds after the Spring Festival. —All of the girls want to lose weight, but easier said than done. A．given up B．put on C．got on D．grown up 6．— Sorry, I can't afford to go abroad. — What about having a country travel with a little________ price? A．cheaper B．higher C．lower D．less 7．People who always do sports are in spirits than those who don't. A．high B．higher C．tall D．taller 8．You should be careful to pay over the Internet, ________it’s not always safe. A．so B．because C．after D．as soon as 9．Kangkang usually does her homework ________ it is very late at night. A．until B．when C．before D．after 10．— Is your home close to the school, Tom? — No, it's a long way, but I am________ late for school because I get up early daily. A．always B．usually C．never D．sometimes 11．We 'll have a trip to America ______ February. A．of B．at C．on D．in 12．一Where is Mr. Brown? 一I think he's _____________ the music hall. A．on B．in C．over D．from 13．He wrote his phone number ________ a piece paper. A．on B．for C．in D．from 14．You can’t ___ how I missed my mother at that time. A．offer B．provide C．imagine D．dream 15．In 2018, trade between China and Hungary rose by 7.5 percent, and recently on Friday companies from China and Hungary________ several cooperation (合作) agreements under the
哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes
C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style
2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification
英语词汇学复习题(五) I. Some of the following statements are true, and the others false. Mark your answer by writing T or F on your answer sheet. (10%) 1.The great majority of the basic word stock of the English language are native words, that is, words of Anglo-Saxon origin. 2.Suffixation is different from conversion in that it does not change the word-class of the base. 3.Words of a semantic field are synonymous. 4.Clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word, which is also available in its full form. 5.Content words have lexical meaning but no grammatical meaning. 6. A particular characteristic of componential analysis is that it attempts to treat components in terms of binary opposites. 7. A root is the basic unchangeable part of a word. 8.Many English words cannot be analyzed in terms of semantic features. 9.All words have antonyms. 10.The impact of context on meaning differs from one word to another and from one instance or passage to another. II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by writing A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet. (20%) 11.The English language from ______ to the present is called Modern English. (A) 450 (B) 1100 (C) 1500 (D) 1800 12.The sentence “John was fired for petty thieving.” Is stylistically ________. (A) literal (B) colloquial (C) archaic (D) neutral 13.Of the following words, _____ is an acronym. (A) OPEC (B) CIA (C) stylistic (D) affective 14.The definition of a word given in the dictionary is called its _____ meaning. (A) connotative (B) denotative (C) stylistic (D) affective 15.In terms of oppositeness of meaning, ________ is a pair of conversives. (A)“deep” and “shallow” (B)“present” and “absent” (C)“love” and “hate” (D)“above” and “below” 16.In the group of words “ride, run, walk, go, fly”, “go” is a ________. (A) superordinate term (B) hyponym (C) subordinate term (D) hyponymy 17. The word “success” used to mean “result, outcome”, now it means “a favorable outcome or result”. This is an example of __________ of meaning. (A) elevation (B) degeneration (C) extension (D) restriction
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟. 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效。试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4.合理安排答题空间。超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%) 1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and “fùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______． A. sounds B．forms C. unities D．meanings 2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______． A. fire B．hot C. photoscanning D．sister 3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese? A. Bazaar. B．Kowtow. C. Rajah. D．Blitzkrieg. 4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______． A. Europe B．the Far East C. India D．the Near East 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary? A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B．Social, economic and political changes. C. The invasion of foreign countries. D．The influence of other cultures and languages. 6. Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channels EXCEPT ______. A. creation B．borrowing
一、选择题 1．Maria ________ speaks Chinese because she doesn’t know much Chinese. A．seldom B．always C．often D．usually 2．In modern life, shopping online is________ used by many people, especially for teenagers. A．exactly B．badly C．heavily D．widely 3．I once worked for a travel magazine for one year and the ________ helped me get a job as a reporter. A．experiment B．information C．experience D．instruction 4．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A．so B．or C．but D．for 5．— Sorry, I can't afford to go abroad. — What about having a country travel with a little________ price? A．cheaper B．higher C．lower D．less 6．When you are________, you should listen to music to cheer you up. A．shy B．afraid C．strict D．down 7．These oranges looks nice, but _____ very sour. A．taste B．smell C．sound D．look 8．More and more people have realized that clear waters and green mountains are as ________ as mountain of gold and silver. A．central B．harmful C．valuable D．careful 9．He ________all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. A．requested B．attacked C．protected D．ignored 10．— Is your home close to the school, Tom? — No, it's a long way, but I am________ late for school because I get up early daily. A．always B．usually C．never D．sometimes 11．—Why did Jim look so happy? —It________ him that he had a good choice even if he failed in the job interview. A．learned B．broke C．hit D．received 12．Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you will be fined(罚款). A．or B．and C．but D．so 13．—Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying? —It is to the . The flight to Wuhan is boarding now. A．customers B．passengers C．members D．tourists 14．—Bill, do you like________? —Yes. They’re healthy. A．ice-cream B．carrots C．salad