A B
（）1．Ultr- A. backformation
（）2．burgle B. initialism
（）3．pop C. transfer of sensation
（）4．clear-sounding D. before
（）5．VOA E. brim (water’s edge—the top edge of a cup) （）6．fore- F. mistress
（）7．degradation G. succeed
（）8．kick the bucket H. clipping
（）9．extension I. die
（）10．make it J. extreme
1~5:JAHCB 6~10:DFIEG
A B
11.Scandinavian（） A. mill（place where things are made）
12.Germanic（） B. grammatical
13.extension（） C. double meaning
14.narrowing（） D. Swedish
15.linguistic（） E. comprehend/understand
16.ambiguity（） F. Dutch
17.participants（） G. determined
18.difference in denotation（） H.pigheaded
19.appreciative（） I.non-linguistic
20.pejorative（） J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）11~15:DFAJB 16~20:CIEGH
Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) historical stage of English vocabulary; 2) origins of homonyms; 3) types of meanings; 4) sources of synonyms;
5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations.
1．ball, ball (Old English, old French(origins of homonyms)）
2．a hard businessman （Polysemy）
3．friend or foe （Old English）
4．miniskirt （Morphologically motivated）
5．an attractive ball （Homonymy）
6．lie –distort the fact
（Figurative and euphemistic use of words (source of synonyms)）
7．occupation-walk of life
（Figurative and euphemistic use of words (source of synonyms)）
8．coffee （Modern English）
9．mother (love, care) （Connotation）
10．enrich (Middle English）
Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound
morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.
1.predict（bound root ）
2.motel（ (head+tail)blinding）
3.potatoes（ inflectional affix/morpheme）
4.blueprint（ adjective+noun）
5.preliminaries（ full conversion）
6.Southward（ suffix）
7.demilitarize（ reversative prefix）
8.hypersensityve（prefix of degree ）
9.retell（prefix ）
10.multi-purposes（number prefix ）
Define the following terms
1.loan words
2.specialized dictionary
3.conversion
4.lexical context
5. amelioration
6. semantic change (referring to modes of vocabulary development)
7. compounding
8. synonyms
9. grammatical context
10. phrasal verbs
1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan or simply borrowing.
2.It is a dictionary that covers a relatively restricted set of phenomena.It concentrates exclusively on a particular area of language or knowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usages in language, and special subjects like architecture, engineering, gardening and literature.
3.It is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.
4.It refers to the lexical items that co-occur with the word in question.The meaning of the word is often sffected and defined by the neighboring words.
5.It refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
6.It means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.
7.It is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases.
8.One of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.
9.In some cases, the meanings of a polysemant may be influenced by the syntactic structure in which it occurs.
10.A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and an adverb or preposition, for example ’shut up’ or ’look after’, which together have a particular meaning 1．What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.
2．Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?
3. What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?
4. Give the definition of a stem and point out the stem(s) in the word “internationalist”.
5. Explain the difference between initialisms and acronyms with the example
words VOA, AIDS, N-bomb, UFO, CORE, ID.
6. Arrange each of the following groups of synonyms according to their degree of
intensity, from the weakest to the strongest.
1) astonish, amaze, surprise
2) pardon, forgive, excuse
3) genius, ability, talent
4) sadness, grief, sorrow
5) pleasure, rapture, delight
7. What are the three major functions of context?
1.Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morpheme or morphemes to from words.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.
2.Because most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in a given context.
3.Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.It is usually constant and relatively stable.Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning.It is open-ended and indeterminate.
4.A stem is a part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
Stems: nation, national, international.
5.Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, hence the name. For example VOA,UFO,ID.
Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS, CORE,N-bomb.
6. 1) surprise-amaze-astonish 2)pardon-excuse-forgive 3) ability-talent-genius 4) sadness-sorrow-grief 5)pleasure-delight-rapture
7.Elimination of ambiguity; indication of referents; provision of clues for inference of word meaning.
Analyze and comment on the following.
1. Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples.
2．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.
3. Comment on the following two sentences to illustrate the two sub-categories of affective meaning.
A) Knowledge of inequality has stimulated envy, ambition and greed.
B) One who is filled with ambition usually works hard.
4. What characteristic of antonyms does the following pairs of sentences demonstrate?
A) How tall is his brother?
B) How short is his brother?
1.I agree with this comment. Shakespeare is more difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different senses from what they have now been used in daily life.For example jump means ’just’ ,vulgar means ’common’, and rival means ’partner’ in Hamlet.
2.Absolute synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects,
i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceptual and associative meanings. Synonyms of this type are interchangeable in every way. Absolute synonyms are rare in natural languages and restricted to highly specialized vocabulary, such as word-building-word formation in lexicology. Relative synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. Take change-alter-vary for example. To change a thing is to put another thing in its place; to alter a thing is to make it different from what it was before; to vary a thing is to alter it in different manner and at different times.
3.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. The appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are usually brought out in context.
In sentence A, ambition conveys a pejorative meaning, along with the other two word s ’envy’ and ’greed’; while in sentence B, the word ambition is used in good sense, showing approval, along with the words ’works hard’.
4.Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. Some pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively, on the grounds that one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the marked term is found in that of the unmarked.
So far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A is inclusive.The use of tall does not exclude the possibility of his brother being very short. But sentence B is much more restricted in meaning and is considered abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in the shortness of his brother or curious enough to find how short his brother is.
Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.
1. Newly-created words or expressions in English vocabulary, such as AIDS and E-mail are called neologisms.
2. In modern times, borrowings brings less than ten percent of modern English vocabulary from other languages.
3. In the words prewar, bloody, impossible, pre-, -y, im- are called derivational affixes.
4. Compounds differ from phrases in three aspects: phonetic, semantic, and grammatical features.
5. The sense of an expression is not a thing, so it is difficult to say what sort of identity it is. For example, and, if, yes don’t refer to anything in the world, but all have meaning.
6. The problem of interrelation of the various meaning of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: diachronic approach and synchronic approach.
7. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.
8. The extra-linguistic context may be extended to embrace the entire culture background, which may also affect the meaning of words.
9. The main body of a dictionary is its definitions of words.
10. All sentence idioms are complete sentences. They are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.
11．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the morpheme.
12．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer.
13．In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of time.
14．Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.
15．Relative synonyms also called near-synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.
16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer.
17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called old English.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9e8666250.html,ELD is a monolingual dictionary.
19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river", the word "mouth" is semantically motivated.
20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is extralinguistic context.
【第一次作业】 题目：“铁路”是词，“铁锅”是词组。 正确答案：正确 题目：一个多义词的各个义项，可以分别与不同的词构成反义关系。 正确答案：正确 题目：关联性联系形成的新义是词的比喻义。 正确答案：错误 题目：“啤酒”“芭蕾舞”是合成词。 正确答案：正确 题目：词的本义又叫基本义，是词的最初意义。 正确答案：错误 题目：叠音词属于合成词中的一类，如"莽莽”"姥姥”。 正确答案：错误 题目：“虚义语素”是指“子、儿、”等无具体词汇意义的词缀。 正确答案：错误 题目：“找茬儿”中的“茬儿”是单纯词。 正确答案：错误 题目：固定语在结构、意义、作用上有自己的特点，但仍是词汇的组成部分。 正确答案：正确 题目：“鼓掌”“睡觉”都是离合词。 正确答案：正确 题目：语素在构词中的特殊变异主要表现之一是语素义变得模糊。 正确答案：正确 题目：构词能力强是基本词汇与一般词汇的共同特点。 正确答案：错误 题目： MTV、WTO都是带字母的词语。 正确答案：错误 题目：一个多义词的各个义项，可以是词义，也可以是语素义。 正确答案：正确 题目：由于成语意义的整体性特点，构成成语的语素义直接相加不能显示成语的整体义。
正确答案：错误 题目：同音词即声、韵、调相同或相近的词。 正确答案：错误 题目：同义词是概念义与附属义完全相等的词。 正确答案：错误 题目：常用词可以是基本词汇中的词，也可以是一般词汇中的词 正确答案：正确 题目： "摩托车”是半译音半译义外来词 正确答案：正确 题目：词都有概念义，同时也有附属义。 正确答案：错误 【第二次作业】 1、简答四音节的成语是怎样形成的？ 答：①成语绝大多数是四音节的，有一部分后来成为成语的词语，原来就是四音节的。如"一息尚存”，出自《朱子全书?论语》："一息尚存，此志不容少懈，可谓远矣。”"一息尚存”指生命的最后阶段。 ②但大多数成语为四音节，有一个逐渐发展的过程。这同汉语语言片断双音节化有关相当关系。双音同双音结合，是现代汉语的一个主要节奏倾向，而绝大多数成语都用了这种节奏。各种长短不同的词语形成四音节的成语的原因有四个方面： （1）选取原句中最能概括全句或全段意义的成分组成成语。 （2）用四字概括事情、故事、寓言等的主要内容。 （3）省略句中虚词而成。 （4）增加成分（多为虚词或重义成分）于原句而成。 2、简答语素在构词中的特殊变异主要有哪些表现？ 答：(1)语素义完全消失。这指的是某个语素原有的意义在它构成的一些词中完全没有表现，词义完全由另一语素表示，例如"国家”中之"家”，"忘记”中之"记”的意义完全消失了。 (2)语素义模糊。这指的是某些语素原有的意义在其构成的某些词中完全没有表现，但词义又并非完成由另一语素表示，因此不能说这个语素完全没有意义，却又不能说词义减去另一语素的意义等于这个语素新获得之义。这里语素的意义是模糊的。例如"捣蛋”中之"蛋”，"电池”中之"池”在这里的意义是模糊的。 3、简答同义词产生的最主要途径是什么？ 答：（1）新旧词并存可以构成同义词，如：文法——语法，母音——元音等； （2）标准语和标准语吸收的方言词可以构成同义词，如：馒头——馍，玉米——棒子等；（3）外来语词和本民族语词可以构成同义词，如：幽默——诙谐，海洛因——白面儿等；（4）外来语言的译音词和意译词也可以构成同义词，如：公尺——米，连衣裙——布拉吉等；同义词产生的最主要的原因是随着社会生产、社会生活的发展、思想的发展，语言的词
词汇学考试题型 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（2×15=30%） 1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（） A. more B. little C. less D. gradual 2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（） A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A and B 3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（） A. morphologically motivated B. etymologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. none of the above 4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（） A. borrowing B. semantic change C. creation of new words D. all the above 5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（） A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded 6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（） A. alternative morphs B. single morphs C. abstract units D. discrete units 7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（） A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic https://www.doczj.com/doc/9e8666250.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一) I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%) 1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______. A. roots B. morphs C. stems D. morphemes ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______. A. stability . B. productivity C. polysemy . D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic . B. Hellenic C. Italic . D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. A. borrowing B. backformation C. creation D. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel”and “comsat”are called ______. A. blends B. compounds C. acronyms D. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers”contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings”has ______ morphemes. A. two B. three C. four D. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. concept B. world C. context . D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______. A. dorm for “dormitory” B. fond for “affectionate” C. dish for “food” D. TV for “television”( ) 9. The word “mouth”in the phrase “the mouth of a river”is regarded as a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. etymologically C. onomatopoeically D. semantically
练习题一 一、名词解释 1．语素 2．熟语 3.单纯词 4.合成词 5.成语 6．惯用语 7.歇后语 9.义素 10.语义场 参考答案 1、语素，是最小的语音语义结合体，是最小的有意义的语言单位。 2、熟语，是由词或语素构成的现成用语，是语言中因长期习用而形成的固定短语。 3、单纯词，是由一个语素构成的词。 4、合成词，是由两个以上的语素按照一定的方式组合构成的词。 5、成语，是汉民族长期习用的定型化的短语，以四个音节为主要形式构成，具有形式整齐、韵律和谐、结构固定、言简意赅的特点。 6、惯用语，是口语中较为通行的固定短语，具有结构定型、以整体结构表示一个特定意义的特点。 7、歇后语，是由前后有解说关系的两个部分组成的现成语句。 二、填空题 1.语言中最小的音义结合的单位是，根据其组合能力，可分为和。 4.“忐忑”是单纯词中的词，“鸳鸯”是词，“翩跹”是词。 6.由一个语素构成的词叫做，合成词是由语素构成的词。 7.双音节单纯词主要包括、、三种。 8.由词根加词根组成的合成词有和两种形式。 9.复合式合成词是由结合在一起组成的合成词；重叠式合成词是由构成的合成词；附加式合成词是由组合而成的。 10.复合式合成词有种类型，它们 是、、、、。 13、是词义中的主要部分，词还有附属的，也可称 作。 14.同义词主要有两种类型。一是。二是。 15.同义词的辨析可以从三个方面进行，一是，二 是，三是。 16.反义词是指的词。从意义关系上区分，反义词有两类：一类是，另一类是。 18.基本词汇的三大特点
是、、。 19.一般词汇包括、、、 和等。 20.熟语包括、、等。 21.成语具有以下基本特征：一、，二、。 23.词义演变的途径有以下几种：一、，二、， 三、。 参考答案 1.语素成词语素不成词语素 4.双声非双声叠韵关系的叠韵 6.单纯词两个或两个以上 7.联绵词叠音词音译词 8.复合式重叠式 9.不同词根相同词根词根加词缀 10五联合式偏正式动宾式主谓式补充式 13.理性义色彩义附属义 14.等义词近义词 15.理性意义方面色彩方面词性和用法方面 16.意义相反或相对互补反义词极性反义词 18.全民常用性稳固性能产性 19.古语词方言词外来词行业词隐语 20.成语惯用语歇后语比较固定具有整体性词 21.意义的整体性结构的凝固性 23.词义扩大词义缩小词义转移 三、判断题 1．“巧、巧手、灵巧、巧克力”等词语中的“巧”不是同一个语素。2．“我的妹妹也认识了他”中的“的、也、了”没有词汇意义，因而不是语素。 3．“咖啡糖、蜘蛛网、录像机、研究所”四个词都是由三个语素构成的。4．“剪彩、剪刀、讲话、讲台”都是支配式合成词。 5．“天、天空”和“静、安静”分别为单音词和双音词，所以不能构成同义词.
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）
哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes
现代汉语词汇习题
二、填空题 1.语言中最小的音义结合的单位是＿＿，根据其组合能力，可分为＿＿和＿＿。 2.成词语素的特点在于它本身就能＿＿＿＿、也能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，而不成词语素则只能＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。 3.“小女孩儿喜欢吃吐鲁番的葡萄”中包含了＿＿个音节＿＿语素＿＿个词。 4.“忐忑”是单纯词中的＿＿词，“鸳鸯”是＿＿＿＿＿＿词，“翩跹”是＿＿词。 5.词是构成＿＿或＿＿的要素，语素是构成＿＿的要素。 6.由一个语素构成的词叫做＿＿＿，合成词是由＿＿＿＿＿＿＿语素构成的词。 7.双音节单纯词主要包括＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿三种。 8.由词根加词根组成的合成词有＿＿＿和＿＿＿两种形式。 9.复合式合成词是由＿＿＿＿结合在一起组成的合成词；重叠式合成词是由＿＿＿＿构成的合成词；附加式合成词是由＿＿＿＿＿组合而成的。 10.复合式合成词有＿种类型，它们是＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿。 11.＿＿＿＿＿是词的物质外壳，＿＿＿＿是词的内容。 12.词义是对客观事物的＿＿反映，它包含着人们对客观事物的认识。 13、＿＿＿是词义中的主要部分，词还有附属的＿＿＿，也可称作＿＿＿。 14.同义词主要有两种类型。一是＿＿＿。二是＿＿＿。 15.同义词的辨析可以从三个方面进行，一是＿＿＿＿＿＿，二是＿＿＿＿＿，三是＿＿＿＿＿。 16.反义词是指＿＿＿＿＿＿＿的词。从意义关系上区分，反义词有两类：一类是＿＿＿＿＿＿，另一类是＿＿＿＿＿＿。 17.基本词汇是词汇的＿＿部分，它长期存在着，并且为＿＿＿＿提供基础。 18.基本词汇的三大特点是＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿。
1.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 2.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 3.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English. A. French B. Greek C. Roman D. Latin 6Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 7The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A.reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 8The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 9The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 10The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 11The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________. A. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head. A.Prefixes of orientation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and order C. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or size 13. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9e8666250.html,s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 14.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________. A.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes 15Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______ A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 16The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________. B.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 17The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-. C.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitude C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 18Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9e8666250.html,s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 19The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.
《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案 I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(45％) 1．There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．They are_____. A．primary and secondary B．Central and peripheral C．diachronic and synchronic D．Formal and functional 2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms? A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary 3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____. A．absolute and relative B．Absolute and complete C．relative and near D．Complete and identical 4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side， A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin 5． A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme． A．formal B．Concrete C．free D．bound 6．Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet 7．LDCE is distinctive for its____. A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes C．language notes D．all of the above 8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to A．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish 9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym? A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV 10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning． A．eight B．Six C．seven D．five 11．Sources of homonyms include____. A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing C．shortening D．all of the above
Lecture One Language Linguistics Lexicology IV. QUESTIONS 1) What is lexicology? 2) What is the nature and scope of English lexicology? 1. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 2. Nature: English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course, chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. In the meantime it is a practical course, for it has something to do with words—the most fundamental element of language. Scope: English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. Lecture T wo The Sources of the English Vocabulary V. Questions: Decide whether the statements are true or false. 1). English is more closely related to German than French. 2). Old English was a highly inflected language. 3). In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side. 4). Modern English is considered an analytic language. 5). The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian. 6). In modern times, borrowing brings less than 10 percent of modern vocabulary. 7). The major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology as well as influence of foreign cultures and languages. 8). The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation. 9). Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian. 10). Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. Lecture Three Word-formation in English III. Questions 1. Write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions: a. a minimal meaningful unit of a language( ) b. one of the variants that realize a morpheme( ) c. a morpheme that can stand alone( ) d. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes( ) 2. Form negatives of each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un-. smoker capable practical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingness legal agreement athletic loyal convenient