(最终完整版)
I. Define the Following Terms.
1. Morpheme
Morpheme(语素):the minimal meaningful unit(the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words)
2. allomorph
Allomorph(语素变体): is a different variant form of a morpheme，differ in phonological and spelling form, but at the same in function and meaning. One of the variants that realize a morpheme
3. bound morpheme
Bound Morpheme(粘着语素): A bound morpheme is one that cannot stand by itself.
4. free morpheme
Free morphemes: Those which may occur alone, that is, those which may constitute words by themselves, are free morphemes.
5. Affix
Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.
6. inflectional affix
Inflectional affixes (屈折词缀)(inflectional morphemes): affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional
7. derivational affix
Derivational affixes(派生词缀) A) prefix: A prefix comes before words. B)suffix
a prefix or suffix added to a root or stem to form another word, as un- in unread, -ness in
likeness
8. root
A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of
identity.
9. stem
A stem is the surplus part after the cutting of inflectional morpheme in a word with
inflectional morphemes,can be further analyzed, it sometimes could be a root.
10. Reference
Reference is the conventional or arbitrary relationship between language and the world.
Part of the word meaning is the reference.
11. Motivation(理据)：
Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.Most words are non-motivated.
12. Conceptual meaning(概念意义):
also known as denotative meaning(外延意义) Conceptual meaning is often described as dictionary meaning or literal meaning of a word. It is the core of the meaning of a word. 13. grammatical meaning
（语法意义）:indicate the grammatical concept(become important only in actual context) Grammatical meaning refers to that part of meaning which indicates grammatical relationships or functions, such as tense meaning, singular meaning, etc
14. associative meaning
Associative meaning(关联意义): According to the semantic analysis of Geoffrey Leech, the associative meaning of an expression has to do with individual mental understandings of the speaker.
15. Hyponymy(上下义关系)
Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, a cat is hyponym of animal
16. stylistic meaning
Language use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute stylistic meanings of words.
17. affective meaning
Affective meaning refers to that part of meaning which conveys emotions and attitudes of
a language user. Sometimes affective meanings are brought out only in context.
18. collective meaning
Collective meaning consists of the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.
19. Slang
Slang is the "language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words used in some social sense."
20. homophone同音异义词
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in
meaning
21. Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms? D
A．Phonetic manipulation. B．Lexical manipulation.
C．Figures of speech. D．Phrasal verbs.
22.The sentence ―I like Mary better than you.‖ is ambiguous due to ____C__.
A．extra-linguistic context B．lexical context
C．grammatical context D．homonymy
23.Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word
stock? C
A．．Creativity. B．Stability.
C．Duality. D．All national character.
24. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（A ）
A. absolute and relative
B. absolute and complete
C. relative and near
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d48732758.html,plete and identical
25. In the early period of Middle English, English, _D________ existed side by side.
A. Celtic and Danish
B. Danish and French
C. Latin and Celtic
D. French and Latin
26. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （ C ）morpheme.
A. formal
B. concrete
C. free
D. Bound
27. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（ B ）
A. TOEFL
B.ODYSSEY
C. BASIC
D. CCTV
28. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words? B
A．The rapid development of modern science and technology.
B．Geographical and political changes.
C．The influence of other cultures and languages.
D．Social and economic changes.
29. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOT
an example of neologisms? B
A．SARS. B．Can-opener.
C．Futurology. D．Freak out.
30. The written form of English is a(an)____C_______representation of the spoken form.
A. selective
B. adequate
C. imperfect
D. natural
Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) meaning of prefixes; 2) type of word formations; 3)types of meaning changes and 4) types of idioms.
A B
（J）31．Ultr- A. backformation
（A）32．burgle B. initialism
（H）33．pop C. transfer of sensation
（C）34．clear-sounding D. before
（B）35．VOA E. brim (water’s edge —the top edge of a cup) （D）36．fore- F. mistress
（F）37．degradation G. succeed
（I）38．kick the bucket H. clipping
（E）39．extension I. die
（G）40．make it J. extreme
41. What is lexical taxonomy词汇分类结构? Illustrate your points with examples.
Lexical taxonomy is a classified structure formed by different level of types of lexicon. The relation between different types of lexicons is taxonomy. In the taxonomy relations, the lexicon contains a narrow type is taxonyms, while the lexicon contains a wide type on a superior level is superordinate. The lexicons in the same level are co-taxonyms, the relation between which is called co-taxonymy.
Taxonomy denotes a relation of belonging: X is a kind/type/token of Y. In this case, X represents the taxonyms, Y represents superodinated.
For examples: horse is a kind of animal;
Carrot is a kind of vegetable;
Chair is a kind of furniture;
Hammer and saws are kind of tools;
Usually, the types in taxonomy relations are wider than the breeds: animal>horse,
vegetable>carrot, etc.
42. What is amelioration of meaning? What is degradation of meaning? Illustrate
your points with examples.
（1）Elevation or amelioration of meaning词义的升华: the process by which words rise from humble（粗陋的）beginnings to positions of importance.
[eg：knight (old)servant (el)rank below baronet从男爵]
（2）Elevation of Meaning ( or amelioration) (词义的升格)
It refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
e.g. marshal: a servant who looks after mares/keeper of horse
minister: servant
nice: ignorant, foolish
（3）Degradation of Meaning ( or degeneration) (词义的降格)
It is a process whereby non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.
it is much more common for word meanings to change in denotation from neutral to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way．
e.g.sad: calm, serious -------- sorryful
cunning: knowing a skillful-------- gossip , crafty.
wench: girl, young woman-------- a loose woman , prostitute
boor : peasant -------- ill-mannered person
fond: foolish
43.What is transferred epithet转移修饰词? Illustrate it with examples.
An epithet is an adjective (or phrase containing an adjective) or adverb which modifies (describes) a noun. For instance, in "dreamless sleep", dreamless is the epithet.
In a transferred epithet (also known as hypallage; literally "echange") the adjective or adverb is transferred from the noun it logically belongs with, to another one which fits it grammatically but not logically. So in "dreamless night" , dreamless is a transferred epithet. The exact meaning of the sentence is "night when I (or whoever) slept without dreaming," since a night can't actually dream anyway.
We use transferred epithets all the time. Another example could be "I had a terrible day." "Terrible" is a transferred epithet, because it wasn't the day that was terrible, only the things that happened to me on that day. A more poetic example would be "a long and weary road" - long can apply logically to the road, but not weary –so weary is a transferred epithet
44.What is synaesthesia? Illustrate it with examples.
Synaesthesia is a joining together of sensations that are normally experienced separately.
Synesthesia can occur between nearly any two senses or perceptual modes, and at least one synesthete experienced synesthesia that linked all five senses. Given the
large number of forms of synesthesia, researchers have adopted a convention of indicating the type of synesthesia by using the following notation x → y, where x is the "inducer" or trigger experience, and y is the "concurrent" or additional experience. For example, perceiving letters and numbers (collectively called graphemes) as colored would be indicated as grapheme → color synesthesia (e.g., A is likely to be red). In spatial-sequence, or number form synesthesia, numbers, months of the year, and/or days of the week elicit precise locations in space (for example, 1980 may be "farther away" than 1990), or may have a (three-dimensional) view of a year as a map (clockwise or counterclockwise)
V. State the glocalization of English language
Glocalisation (or glocalization) is a compound word of globalization and localization. By definition, the term ―glocal‖ refers to the individual, group, division, unit, organisation, and community which is willing and able to ―think globally and act locally.‖
Glocalization A combination of the words ―globalization‖ and ―local,‖ w hich suggests the unique local and situated forms and effects of widespread and even global processes. For example: the words ―chipmunk‖, ‖moose‖come from India language; the word ―brandy‖ and ―landscape‖ come from Holland; the words ―cargo‖, ―contraband‖ come from Spanish; the words ―acme‖, ―acrobat‖ and ―catastrophe‖ come from Greek.
V.State the features of English idioms with examples.
1.Idiomaticity(习用性): The idiom is widely used by English-American countries, and it has a wide social base and strong vitality.
Such as: rain cats and dogs, cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face, play one’s cards close to one’s chest, etc.
Some of them have platitudes, some have already lost the original cultural context. But they are still widely used owing to its certain meaning in people’s lives.
2. Syntactic frozenness(定型性): The syntactic frozenness of the idiom is also called the Syntactic fixedness(固定性). Like Chinese idiom, The form of a idiom is fixed, it can’t be syntactically changed or replaced.
Only a small part of the idioms can be replaced by other words, but these changes are fixed, too. For example: in the idiom ―draw one’s teeth‖, the word ―teeth‖ can be changed by ―fangs‖.
Most of them can’t be changed, or the meaning will be way different. For example: the idiom ―stare one in the face‖ is different from the idiom ―look one in the face‖.
3.Semantic utility(整体性)：The idiom has the characteristic that it has to be used as a whole semantic unit. Although the idioms have various forms such as sentence, phrase and single word, every part of them is tight related and inseparable. In another word, we cannot judge a idiom’s meaning word by word. Example：: be/feel under the weather(感觉不舒服)、beat generation（迷惘的一代）、on the carpet(受罚，受训)
The semantic utility is an important feature to tell the idioms from free phrases.
4.Semantic opacity(不透明性)：The other obvious feature of idioms is semantic opacity, which means the idiom can’t be understand literally. According to the degrees of opacity,
the idioms can be classified into four types: ①transparent（透明）；eg. Long time no see.
②semi-idiom(半成语)，eg. A fat salary. ③semi-transparent, eg. a watched pot never boils.心急水南开④opaque(不透明)，eg. kick the bucket, 死去、断气
Like the feature of Semantic utility, Semantic opacity is also a symbol of the idiom.
词汇学考试题型 Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（2×15=30%） 1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（） A. more B. little C. less D. gradual 2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（） A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A and B 3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（） A. morphologically motivated B. etymologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. none of the above 4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（） A. borrowing B. semantic change C. creation of new words D. all the above 5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（） A. generalized B. expanded C. elevated D. degraded 6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（） A. alternative morphs B. single morphs C. abstract units D. discrete units 7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（） A. Italic B. Germanic C. Celtic D. Hellenic https://www.doczj.com/doc/d48732758.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）
英语词汇学复习题（A） （2012-05-29） Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. 1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．sound C．combination of sounds D．group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．as quickly as C．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （） A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s”is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （） A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．two C．three D．four 9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（） A．works B．prewar
英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1） I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot
2012级（1）班 Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ . A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ . A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang 8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows 10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese 11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words https://www.doczj.com/doc/d48732758.html,tin words 12.Black humor is_______ . A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien 13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ . A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism
1、选择题（2 ×15=30） 2、填空题（2×5=10 ） 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分) 选择题： 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d48732758.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style
2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟. 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效。试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4.合理安排答题空间。超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%) 1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and “fùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______． A. sounds B．forms C. unities D．meanings 2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______． A. fire B．hot C. photoscanning D．sister 3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese? A. Bazaar. B．Kowtow. C. Rajah. D．Blitzkrieg. 4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______． A. Europe B．the Far East C. India D．the Near East 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary? A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B．Social, economic and political changes. C. The invasion of foreign countries. D．The influence of other cultures and languages. 6. Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channels EXCEPT ______. A. creation B．borrowing
1.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 2.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 3.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English. A. French B. Greek C. Roman D. Latin 6Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 7The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A.reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 8The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 9The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 10The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 11The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________. A. number prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head. A.Prefixes of orientation and attitude B. Prefixes of time and order C. Locative prefixes D. Prefixes of degree or size 13. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d48732758.html,s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 14.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________. A.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes 15Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______ A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 16The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________. B.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 17The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-. C.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitude C. prefixes of time and order D. miscellaneous prefixes 18Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d48732758.html,s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 19The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.
词汇学复习重点 1. jargon------ Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business. 2. translation loans------ Translation loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language. 3. Renaissance------ It is a European movement of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. 4. Allomorph------ one of the variants of the same morpheme 5. inflectional affix------ an affix that indicates grammatical relationships 6. acronyms------ the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations special noun phrases and technical terms 7. back-formation------ the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes 8. polygsemy------ Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. 9. morpheme------ It is a minimal meaningful unit of a language, or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 10. grammatical meaning------ that part of the meaning of the word indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. 11. homonym------ Homonyms are words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 12. reference------what a linguistic form refers to in the real word. It is the relationship between language and the world 13. semantic field------ Semantic field is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as a system of interrelated lexical networks. 14. motivation------ the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. 15. conceptual meaning------ the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. 16. amelioration------ or elevation, a process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 17. transfer------ a process whereby words which were used to designate one thing have changed to mean something else.
《英语词汇学》课堂练习 I. Multiple Choice (1’×30) 1. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 2．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 3．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection. A．one B．two C．three D．four 4．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______. A．works B．prewar C．postwar D．bloody 5．The word “motel” is created by ______. A．compounding B．clipping C．blending D．suffixation 6．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______. A．acronymy B．clipping C．initialism D．prefixation 7．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______. A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaning C．associative meaning D．literal meaning 8．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin. A．onomatopoeic B．morphological C．semantic D．etymological 9. The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” a nd even “photographs” A．extension B．elevation C．narrowing D．degradation 10. The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______. A．grammatical context B．polysemy C．antonymy D．hyponymy 11. In the sentence “I like to see a movie”, there are ________ functional words. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 12．The word “recollection” comprises ______ morphemes. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 13. “Dis-” in the word “disloyal” is a _____ prefix. A. negative B. reversative C. pejorative D. locative 14. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence” is ________. A. neutral B. informal C. colloquial D. formal 15. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. A. appreciative B. pejorative C. connotative D. collocative 16. “Till the cows come home” is an idiom _____ in nature. A. verbal B. nominal C. adjectival D. adverbial