绝密★考试结束前
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试
语言与文化试题
课程代码：00838
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选择题部分
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
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I.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(1% 20=20%)
1.Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,nguage is arbitrary.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,nguage is systematic.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,nguage is used for communication.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,nguage is used by both human beings and animals.
2.Such questions as“How do you think and feel about your family?”,“How do you treat a guest?”and“What is your greatest ambition?”highlight the______aspects of culture.
A.thematic
B.institutional
C.behavioural
D.individual
3.______is the basic meaning presented by meaningful linguistic units,including words and is often,though not always,the
central factor in linguistic communication.
A.Conceptual meaning
B.Connotative meaning
C.Social meaning
D.Affective meaning
4.Both“pretty”and“handsome”can mean nice looking,but“pretty”is often used together with“girl”,“woman”,“garden”etc.,while“handsome”frequently appears together with“boy”,“man”,“car”etc.,because these are the______of these two terms.
A.collocative meaning
B.connotative meaning
C.affective meaning
D.reflected meaning
5.Which of the following is NOT an inflectional morpheme?
A.-ing
B.-er
C.-ment
D.-s
6.a)What’s the majority’s opinion?大多数人的意见怎样?
b)Where’s today’s newspaper?今天的报纸在哪里?
The above two examples indicate that______.
A.cases are represented explicitly in pronouns in Chinese
B.formal markers for cases in nouns are required in English
C.pronouns are marked explicitly for cases in Chinese
D.Chinese pronouns do show formal variation for cases
7.In English______are more distinctive than given names.
A.surnames
B.nicknames
C.pen names
D.pet names
8.______are popular among female English speakers.
A.Religious names
B.Plant names
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,s of knowledge
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,s of fame
9.The phrasal verb“look forward to”means”“______”.
A.examine
B.seek
C.expect
D.watch
10.A captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women is often referred to as
A.an Uncle Tom
B.a Don Quixote
C.an Oliver Twist
D.a Don Juan
11.“You chicken!”he cried,looking at Tom with contempt.In this sentence,“chicken”is used
metaphorically to refer to______.
A.tenderness
B.domestic fowl
C.cowards
D.tamed animals
12.Which of the following statements metaphorically tells us that life is a gambling game?
A.I’ll take my chance.
B.I’ve had a full life.
C.His life contained a lot of sorrow.
D.Their marriage is on its last legs.
13.If Professor John Smith allows himself to be called John,______.
A.he might not be respected by his colleagues
B.he must be more respected by his colleagues
C.he might be kept a distance away from his colleagues
D.he might enjoy a harmonious relationship with his colleagues
14.To sound modest and humble,one might have to use______to refer to oneself,one’s relatives,and one’s personal
belongings.
A.honourifics
B.terms of humility
C.euphemisms
D.taboos
15.Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are
linked through the use of______.
A.verbs
B.nouns
C.conjunctions
D.prepositions
16.“Up you go,chaps!”The speaking style of the above sentence is______.
A.formal
B.consultative
C.casual
D.intimate
17.Chinese advertising as a whole is more______than English advertising.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,rmative
B.formal
C.persuasive
D.interesting
18.In legal documents learned words are used frequently.A great many of them are from______.
A.French
B.Indian languages
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,tin
D.German
19.In English culture,what does it mean if a girl smiles to a male stranger when coming across him in a university campus?
A.She loves him.
B.She is an immoral girl.
C.She is friendly.
D.She mistakes him for her acquaintance.
20.Which of the following can be classified into the secondary territory,which is usually not central to the daily activities of the owner and not under their exclusive control?
A.One’s own room.
B.Your seat in the classroom.
C.Supermarket.
D.Theatre seats.
II.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.There are more than one correct answer.(1% 10=10%)
21.Which of the following statements are the interpretation of culture in its narrow sense?
A.Materials man has got to satisfy his needs.
B.Social institutions and organizations man has established.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,nguage and other communication systems.
D.Customs,habits and behavioural patterns.
22.Which of the following can be brought together under the heading associative meaning?
A.Social meaning.
B.Affective meaning.
C.Conceptual meaning.
D.Collocative meaning.
23.In the English sentence“We are students”,all the three words are in plural forms,demonstrating grammatical______of
the English language as regards the number,a grammatical category.
A.implicitness
B.explicitness
C.consistency
D.instability
24.In English______are flower names.
A.Angela
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,ura
C.Viola
D.Brenda
25.Which of the following idioms are in relation to mannerisms?
A.To ride one’s high horse.
B.No man is an island.
C.A marriage of convenience.
D.To keep a straight face.
26.According to Lakoff,an American linguist,similes and metaphors are ways of thinking.They are used in______.
A.unusual occasions
B.literary works
C.everyday speeches
D.body language
27.In which of the following situations does a Chinese use honourifics to show respect to a superior?
A.When he is talking with a superior.
B.When he is writing to a superior.
C.When the superior he refers to is present.
D.When the superior he refers to is absent.
28.If the sentences in a text exhibit cohesion,they are connected by______means.
A.grammatical
B.systematic
C.lexical
D.meaningful
29.American English differs from British English mainly in______.
A.pronunciation
B.spelling
C.grammar
D.sentence structure
30.Many cultures allow people to interact at a much closer distance and are therefore referred to as contact cultures,which include______.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,ns
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,tin Americans
C.Southern Europeans
D.Arabs
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
III.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(2% 10=20%)
31.Key questions,the thematic model and______are three models for the analysis of culture.
32.In speech words are sequences of speech______between pauses,for instance,the utterance
/a I laIk It/contains three words.
33.a)History is made by the people.
b)You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Club at6:30p.m.January1.
The above two examples indicate that in the passive structure in English the prepositional
phrase“by+the agent”is______.
34.Terms of family relations like“mother”,“father”,“aunt”,“uncle”,etc.can be used as vocatives and are called______
appellatives.
35.The idiomatic expression for“somebody whose importance and influence are great only in a
restricted situation or small community”is“a______in a small pond”.
36.A simile is a______comparison between two or more unlike things,normally introduced by“like”or“as”.
37.Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary defines______as a class of grammatical forms used in speaking to or about
a social superior.
38.A warning sign which says“DANGER!”is a______because it expresses a complete meaning.
39.“Theatre”in British English is spelled as______in American English.
40.Gestures that are closely linked with language and that help to illustrate the spoken words are______.
IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(3%?4=12%)
41.What is thought?
42.What does the word“privacy”mean in English and traditional Chinese cultures?
43.Why do imperative and interrogative sentences appear frequently in English advertising?
44.What does psychological time orientation refer to?
V.Translation.(3%?6=18%)
45.What brings you here?(用敬语翻译)
46.plain as the nose on one’s face
47.pay a New Year call
48．趁热打铁。
49．请稍候。我看一下他在不在。(电话用语)
50．天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
VI.Discuss the following topics.(10%?2=20%)
51.How do you define proverbs?And how are proverbs related to culture?
52.Why do some Chinese learners of English speak English as if they were reading aloud a book?
What can they do to avoid it?
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试 语言与文化试题 课程代码：00838 Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%) 1．“Negro”,once a euphemism for “_______”, is now an offensive racist term.（） A．a black man B．nigger C．an African D．black boy 2．The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “gardener”is “_______”.（） A．landscape architect B．garden designer C．beautician D．botanist 3．I may be back tonight; I’m not sure. _______,just make yourself at home.（） A．However B．Despite this C．Either way D．Still 4．He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier.（） A．Alternatively B．I mean C．In addition D．Instead 5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into _______.（） A．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. B．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A. C．He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. D．He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2. 6．_______ is a weapon name.（） A．Brenda B．Arthur C．Rhoda D．Timothy 7．When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______.（） A．“It’s very nice” B．“Where did you get it? This is really what I want” C．“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much” D．“How much is it? Thank you very much” 1
本套题正确率15/168=91% 人类起源非洲假说的语言学分析（一）已完成 1 下列关于人类起源非洲假说的内容中正确的是（）。 ?A、能人走出非洲 ?B、南猿人走出非洲 ?C、元谋人走出非洲 ?D、直立人走出非洲 我的答案：D 2 下列哪一项是人类进化的形态之一？（） ?A、山顶洞人 ?B、智人 ?C、北京人 ?D、元谋人 我的答案：B 3 符号活动出现于（）。 ?A、南猿时期 ?B、直立人时期 ?C、晚期智人 ?D、早期智人 我的答案：C 4 人类起源非洲假说是指人类发源于非洲，然后移动到世界各地。（）我的答案：√ 5 某一人群的mtDNA变异越大，它的群体演化历史越短。（） 我的答案：×
人类起源非洲假说的语言学分析（二）已完成 1 非洲智人最早移动到哪一大洲？（） ?A、北美洲 ?B、南美洲 ?C、亚洲 ?D、澳洲 我的答案：C 2 非洲智人什么时候开始走出非洲？（） ?A、20万年前 ?B、13万年前 ?C、15万年前 ?D、10万年前 我的答案：A 3 下列哪一项事物的出现不能标志着智人具有了一定的符号编码能力？（） ?A、图画 ?B、雕刻 ?C、文字 ?D、瓷器 我的答案：D 4 智人走出非洲有几条路线？（）
?B、2 ?C、3 ?D、4 我的答案：B 5 直立人是语言人，智人不是语言人。（） 我的答案：× 6 人类起源非洲假说为人类的基因和语言研究提供了重要依据。（）我的答案：√ 人类起源非洲假说的语言学分析（三）已完成1 脑容量与语言的关系是（）。 ?A、正相关 ?B、负相关 ?C、没关系 ?D、不确定 我的答案：A 2 方言的形成有几种方式？（）
浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化真题 课程代码：10058 I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement (20%). 1. ______ refers to a member of the parts of the Christian Church which separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the 16th century.( ) A. Protestant B. Rabbi C. Christian D. Puritan 2. English babies may be ______ to show respect or to honor them. ( ) A. named after grandparents B. named after famous historical events C. named after their birth place D. named after their birth date 3. The two persons who have been introduced to each other normally say to each other: “______.”( ) A. How are you B. How is everything C. How do you do D. Hello 4. Trinity refers to union in one Godhead of three persons, Father, Son and ______.( ) A. Puritan B. God C. Holy ghost D. Ghost 5. In English speaking countries, expensive gifts will ______. ( ) A. make them uncomfortable for they will not know how to return the kindness B. make them very happy for they think they are highly valued C. make them very surprised for they will not know how to use it 1
2018年4月马原真题 《马克思主义基本原理概论》 2018年4月真题解析 一、单选题 1.马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了（） A.主观条件 B.客观条件 C.理论基础 D.理论前提 【答案】B 【解析】马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了客观条件。 【考点】马克思主义的产生和发展 2.马克思主义的革命性既表现为它具有彻底的批判精神，又表现为它具有（） A.完整的理论体系 B.严密的逻辑结构 C.鲜明的政治立场 D.崇高的社会理想 【答案】C 【解析】马克思主义哲学是以实践为基础的科学性和革命性的统一：（1）科学性表现在，首先它不带任何偏见，其次在于它具有深刻性，再次它还经受住了实践的检验并随着实践的发展而不断发展；（2）其革命性集中表现为它的彻底的批判精神，还表现在它具有鲜明的政治立场上。 【考点】马克思主义科学性与革命性的统一 3.唯物主义与唯心主义的区别在于如何问答（） A.世界的本质是什么的问题 B.世界可否被认识的问题 C.世界的存在是怎样的问题 D.世界统一性的问题 【答案】A 【解析】物质和意识哪个是本原、哪个是第一性的问题，这在哲学上属于本体论的问题，是最重要的方面。如何回答这个问题是划分唯物主义和唯心主义的标准。 【考点】物质世界和实践 4.实践作为一种感性物质活动，强调的是（） A.实践具有客观物质性 B.实践具有主观性 C.实践具有能动性 D.实践具有历史性 【答案】A 【解析】实践是主体能动地改造和探索客体的客观物质活动。 【考点】物质世界和实践 5.在唯物辩证法的基本范畴中，本质和现象反映了（） A.事物之间引起和被引起的关系
《语言与文化》复习资料答案 I. 1—10 DDDBA DCBCC 11—20 BBBBA BDCAC 21—25 AAAAC II. 1. CD 2. AD 3. CD 4. ABD 5. ABCD III. 1—10 FTFTF FTTFT 11—20 FTTFF TFTTF 21—25 TFTTT IV 1. accenting 2. Hypotactic 3. After you 4. contact 5. Ex cuse me 6. hypotactic 7. It’s my pleasure 8. environmentalism 9. Paratactic 10. Chronemics 11. softening words 12. nuclear V. 1.culture:文化.Culture is the unique style and custom, which a nation forms in the history of its own development. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c710414612.html,munication:交际．Communication may be defined as that which happens whenever someone responds to the behavior or the residue of the behavior of another person. 3.one-way communication:单向交际．Communication without feedback is called one-way communication. 4. communicative competence 交际能力 The ability to behave appropriately and effectively by verbal and / or nonverbal means to achieve intended results at a given time, in a give place, in a given communication event, and towards a given person or persons.
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 浙江省 2018 年 4 月自学考试语言与文化试卷 课程代码： 10058 Ⅰ. Multiple choice (24%) Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. 1. The relationship between language and culture is that ________.( ) A. the former determines the latter B. the latter determines the former C. the two are parallel D. the two interact 2. While “ handsome woman” and “ pretty woman ” are both acceptable, they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ________ associations of these two objectives.( ) A. collocative B. affective C. connotative D. thematic 3. A young man or young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress is called________.( ) A. hippie B. knight C. koala D. poke 4. A fortified place occupied only by army or a fortified trading post is called ________.( ) A. castle B. fort C. lynch D. terrapin 5. Pork, mutton and beef are loan words from ________. ( ) A. French B. Latin C. Indian D. English 6.English is often referred to as a ________ language because it relies heavily on conjunctions to indicate the relationship between linguistic units. ( ) A. paratactic B. branching C. hypotactic D. linear 7. Religious name “John” means ________ in Chinese. ( ) A. 上帝是神圣的 B. 约翰 1
全国2008年10月高等自学教育考试马克思主义基本原理概论试题 一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1．在21世纪到来的前夕，英国广播公司（BBC）在全球范围举行过一次“千年思想家”网上评选，结果高居榜首的是马克思。马克思主义之所以至今仍受到人们的普遍关注，充满生机和活力，是因为（B）A．它完成了对各种客观事物的认识B．它正确反映了社会发展规律并具有与时俱进的理论品质C．它是检验人们各种认识是否正确的标准D．它对人们的各种实践活动都有具体的指导作用 2．学习马克思主义的根本方法是（C） A．精读马列原著 B．熟记基本原理C．理论联系实际 D．深入调查研究3．划分唯物主义和唯心主义的唯一标准是（C） A．是否承认世界的统一性 B．是否承认联系的普遍性 C．是否承认物质第一性意识第二性 D．是否承认思维和存在具有同一性 4．下列选项中，正确表述了实践含义的是（D） A．实践是主体纯主观的精神性活动B．实践是主观创造客观世界的活动 C．实践是主体应付外部环境的活动D．实践是主体改造和探索客体的社会性物质活动 5．唯物辩证法的总特征是（A） A．联系和发展的观点 B．量变和质变的观点C．对立统一的观点 D．辩证否定的观点6．建设社会主义先进文化，对传统文化必须批判地继承。这种态度依据的哲学道理是（D） A．世界是过程集合体的原理 B．新事物必然战胜旧事物的原理 C．内容决定形式的原理D．辨证的否定的原理 7．下列选项中，正确揭示了认识的本质的是（A） A．认识是主体对客体的能动反映 B．认识是主体对客体的直观反映 C．认识是主体的主观创造 D．认识是主体的内心体验 8．一个完整的认识过程，需要经过两次飞跃。下列选项中属于第二次飞跃的是（C） A．进行社会调查 B．分析实际情况C．理论付诸实践 D．总结经验教训9．任何科学真理都不能穷尽对事物的认识，都是随着实践的发展而发展的。这说明真理都具有（B）A．客观性B．相对性C．绝对性 D．全面性10．划分阶级的唯一标准是（A） A．经济标准 B．政治标准C．思想标准 D．法律标准11．在社会发展中起决定作用的是（D） A．人和自然的矛盾 B．剥削阶级和被剥削阶级的矛盾 C．先进思想和落后思想的矛盾D．生产力和生产关系的矛盾 12．生产关系包括多方面的内容，其中起决定作用的是（B） A．人们在生产中的相互关系 B．生产资料的所有制形式 C．产品的分配方式 D．产品的交换方式 13．唯物史观和唯心史观在历史创造者问题上的根本对立在于是否承认（C） A．个人在历史发展中的作用 B．思想动机在社会发展中的作用 C．人民群众是推动历史发展的决定力量 D．剥削阶级代表人物在历史发展中的作用 14．商品的最本质因素是（B） A．使用价值B．价值C．交换价值 D．剩余价值 15．私人劳动和社会劳动形成的条件是（D） A．技术进步和生产资料公有制 B．技术进步和生产资料私有制 C．社会分工和生产资料公有制 D．社会分工和生产资料私有制 16．资本主义再生产的特征是（B） A．简单再生产B．扩大再生产C．粗放型再生产 D．集约型再生产 17．资本主义意识形态的核心是（C） A．享乐主义 B．拜金主义C．利己主义 D．自由、平等与博爱18．资本周转速度与周转次数之间（A） A．成正比例关系 B．成反比例关系C．按同比例变化 D．无直接联系 19．社会总产品是社会各个物质生产部门在一定时期（通常是一年）内生产的（C） A．全部生产资料的总和 B．全部消费资料的总和C．全部物质资料的总和 D．全部剩余价值的总和20．资本主义企业的生产成本是（D） A．不变资本价值与剩余价值之和 B．可变资本价值与剩余价值之和 C．流动资本与剩余价值之和 D．不变资本价值和可变资本价值之和
福师《语言与文化》在线作业一 一、单选题（共 35 道试题，共 70 分。） V 1. In deciding_______a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters． A. what to pursue B. which to pursue C. whether to pursue D. if to pursue 满分：2 分 C 2. It is only recently _________astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. A. when B. so that C. that D. which 满分：2 分 C 3. Mass advertising helped to____the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption. A. vary B. shift C. lay D. moderate
满分：2 分 B 4. Some nonverbal messages are consistent with accompanying verbal message, which is the____function of nonverbal message. A. complementing B. contradicting C. regulating D. accenting 满分：2 分 A 5. Some research workers completely____all those facts as though they never existed . A. ignore B. leave C. refuse D. miss 满分：2 分 A 6. Jack is late again. It is ___ of him to keep others waiting. A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical 满分：2 分 D 7. Language is an instrument used in the( )of thought.
浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题 课程代码：10058 I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%) 1. In English, “sdylh”is not a possible word and “green made he”is not an acceptable sentence. It proves that language is ________. ( ) A. arbitrary B. systematic C. symbolic D. vocal 2. The Chinese equivalent for “Housewarming”is ________. ( ) A. 温室效应 B. 温暖的房屋 C. 乔迁喜宴 D. 房屋供暖 3. The word in British English for “tire”is ________. ( ) A. wheel B. bore C. tyre D. tier 4. The English name “Camellia”is related to ________. ( ) A. Christianity B. plant C. weapon D. knowledge 5. ________ can represent the geographical aspects of culture. ( ) A. Koala B. Cowboy C. Queen D. Hot dog 6. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor’s help, he can say ________. ( ) A. “I am so sorry that I am wasting your time.” B. “I hope I didn’t disturb you.” C. “Don’t you mind I disturb you?” D. “Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help.” 7. When an Englishman says “I was only pulling your leg”, he means ________. ( ) A. I was only trying to prevent you from making progress. B. I was only warning you. C. I was only joking. D. I was only asking you for help. 8. The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, is called ________. ( ) A. Boxing Day B. Easter C. Thanksgiving Day D. St. Valentine’s Day
自考-马克思基本原理历年真题 全国2013年4月高等教育自学考试马基一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分) 1(除《哲学的贫困》外，标志马克思主义公开问世的经典著作是 A(《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》B.《德意志意识形态》C.《共产党宣言》 D.《资本论》 2(辩证唯物主义认为，物质的唯一特性是 A(广延性B.持续性C.客观实在性D.可知性 3(“绝对运动中包含着相对静止，相对静止中包含着绝对运动”，这是一种 A(相对主义诡辩论的观点 B.唯物辩证法的观点 C.形而上学的观点 D.客观唯心主义的观点 4(下列各项属于主观臆想联系的是 A(江河污染影响人们的生活 B.核泄漏事故危及人类的生存 C.毁林导致生物物种的迅速减少 D.彗星出现预示将要发生战争 5(否定之否定规律揭示了A(事物的发展是必然性和偶然性的统一B.事物的发展是量变和质变的统一 C.事物的发展是前进性和曲折性的统一D.矛盾是事物发展的动力和源泉 6(实现意识能动作用的根本途径是 A(学习科学理论B.投身社会实践C.了解实际情况 D.制定周密计划 7(与辩证唯物主义认识论相比较，旧唯物主义认识论有两个缺陷，一个是缺乏辩证法的观点，另一个是 A(缺乏实践的观点B.缺乏反映论的观点C.缺乏一元论的观点 D.缺乏可知论的观点 8(与理性认识相比较，感性认识有两个特点，一个是直接性，另一个是 A(客观性B.能动性C.抽象性 D.形象性 9(真理具有客观性，被称为客观真理，是因为
A(真理是事物发展的客观规律 B.真理是对事物及其规律的正确反映 C.真理是不依赖于意识的客观实在 D.真理是大多数人承认的客观事实 10(实践作为检验真理的标准，既具有确定性，又具有 A(普遍性B.特殊性C.不确定性 D.绝对性 11(地理环境在社会发展中的作用是 A(影响社会结构的划分B.影响社会发展的速度C.决定社会制度的性质 D.决定社会形态的更替 12(下列各项属于意识形态的是 A(哲学B.物理学C.数学 D.语言学 13(在生产关系的各项内容中，起决定作用的是 A(人们在生产中的地位B.人们在生产中的相互关系C.产品的分配方式 D.生产资料的所有制形式 14(既坚持历史决定论又承认主体选择的作用，这属于 A(历史唯物论观点B.相对主义观点C.诡辩论观点 D.折衷主义观点 15(关于社会分工的产生，下列表述中正确的是 A(社会分工是私有制的产物 B.社会分工是商品经济的产物 C.社会分工是资本主义的产物 D.社会分工是生产力发展的产物 16(构成商品价格基础的是A(使用价值B.价值C.商品供给 D.商品需求 17(以生产资料形式存在的资本是 A(不变资本B.可变资本C.流动资本 D.流通资本 18(在必要劳动时间不变的情况下，将工作日延长所生产出的剩余价值是 A(绝对剩余价值B.相对剩余价值C.超额剩余价值 D.平均剩余价值 19(产业资本的循环包括 A(生产、流通和销售阶段B.生产、储存和销售阶段C.购买、生产和销售阶段D.购买、生产和储存阶段
论述题（10*10=100） 1：试论述生产文化的地域性 2：怎样理解生活文化的地域性 3：影响物质文化地域性的因素有哪些？ 4：怎样理解语言与地理、社会环境的关系？ 5：地名的主要性能（性质和职能）是什么？地名景观的种类有哪几种？ 6：宗教与地理环境存在什么样的关系？ 7：你对文学的地域差异及与地理环境的关系有怎样的理解？ 8：文化生态学： 9：怎样理解文化发展与自然环境间的关系 10：应用文化生态学研究文化地理学问题应注意些什么（简答） 1：（1）农业文化具有地域性，世界农业文化文化区的存在就是农业文化区域性的充分表现。根据其鲜明的地域特点，分布上可分为热带雨林农业文化区、草原农业文化区、干旱沙漠农业区文化区等8大农业文化区。（2）工业产业文化的地域性，一般遵循工业产业分布的特点和区域差异。由于不同的工业生产的所要 求的各类要素的配置不一样，所以工业产业就形成了明显的的地区差异。此外，特定时期的国家政策也会对工业生产的布局带来影响。 2：主要可以分为衣、食、住三个方面进行分析。 （1）服饰文化：在衣着方式、制衣布料、服饰色彩、服装形态等方面都有鲜明的地域性。如制衣布料，因其衣料资源的分布差异，早期的地区差异明显：中国广泛使用丝绸，南亚多用黄麻，靠近北极都用兽毛衣料。
（2）饮食文化：在食物原料、烹饪等方面，区域间都出现了差异。因各地食材不同，人们口味不一，形成了“南甜北咸”的八大菜系。 （3）居住文化：区域差异主要体现在建筑风格、建筑材料和居住形式。因地域气候、资源等自然条件不用，就形成了口袋房、四合院、洞穴式、干栏式等风格形式的建筑。 3：（1）自然因素：主要指自然地理环境：气候通过对生产、生活各个方面的影响而形成与各地气候条件相符的物质文化;地形和水文因素对于生产和生活方式有重要影响；而地质和生物对居住文化、交通运输、饮食结构都有一定影响。 （2）社会、人文因素：首先经济条件决定了物质文化的内容、发展的水平和方向，其变化还影响着居住文化；再者民族文化与宗教信仰对信仰宗教的民族的物质文化有重要影响；其次文化交流、民族交往可以使个民族、各地区的物质文化相互交融和吸纳。 4：语言的产生、发展和演变，以及分布格局等于地理环境及社会环境之间存在着密不可分的关系。 （1）环境与语言的产生：首先语言中的词汇受环境的影响的最大、最直接；其次，环境过语言来作用于语音，地理环境的不同造成人心理上、生理上的差异，从而引起人语音、声调以及表达感情方式的不尽相同；环境还对语言的语法产生有影响，环境塑造出的民族心态会在语法上体现。 （2）环境对语言插播、演进的影响：语言自身的发展深受自然环境和社会历史条件变化的影响。自然环境条件的差异往往会促进或阻碍语言的传播，从未形成了方言;而人文环境的对语言的影响主要体现在：行政区域、移民、国家政策及经济水平等因素对语言发展的强烈影响。行政区域的划分和建制往往对语言的传播扩散骑着决定性作用。国家的方针则往往通过影响移民来影响语言的扩散。 5：地名的主要性能是：社会性、历史性、文物性、指位性、地域性、稳定性、可变性和衍生性。地名景观的种类：山水地名（赤峰、华山）、示位地名（山南水北为阳，衡阳）、寄意地名（西安、宝鸡）、特产地名（盐城）、民
2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 马克思主义基本原理概论试题和答案 (课程代码：03709) 本试卷共4页。满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑. 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答. 4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。 1.把马克思主义作为行动的指南，就是要【】 A.用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法研究解决实际问题 B.从马克思主义经典著作中寻找解决现实问题的直接答案 C.把马克思主义当作现成的公式裁剪历史事实 D.一切从马克思主义的一般原理出发 2.马克思主义认为，社会生活在本质上是【】 A.丰富的 B.发展的 C.精神的 D.实践的 3.我们党制定和执行独立自主、自力更生以及对外开放方针的理论基础是【】 A.矛盾的同一性和斗争性辩证关系的原理 B.事物发展的内因和外因辩证关系的原理 C.矛盾的普遍性和特殊性辩证关系的原理 D.事物发展的量变和质变辩证关系的原理 4.下列选项中，表示要坚持适度原则的是【】 A.因地制宜 B.对症下药 C.注意分寸 D.实事求是 5.“天行有常，不为尧存．不为桀亡。”这是说【】 A.规律仅仅存在于自然界 B.规律是无法认识和把握的 C.规律不具有客观普遍性 D.规律不以人的意志为转移 6.可知论与不可知论的对立在于是否承认【】 A.人的认识是先于经验而获得的 B.思维能够正确地认识现实世界
Quiz for non-English Majors in Culture Class This quiz is for the students from the English Language & Culture class hosted by Sun Xiaolong. * Vocabulary and Structure 1. There were also famous and very smart masterminds in the history of the western world, as in the sayings like: (Key: B, Points: 2) A: Even Athena sometimes makes mistakes. B: Even Homer sometimes nod. C: Athena even sometimes make mistakes. D: Homer even sometimes nods. 2. Places of the ancient Greek civilization include ___________ (Key: A, Points: 2) A: Crete, Ithaca, Mycenae B: Egypt, Greece, Rome C: Crete, Troy, Egypt D: Egypt, Troy, Asia Minor 3. "_________" is the word we use today to say the world sports games held once in four years. (Key: B, Points: 2) A: Olympus B: Olympiad C: Olympian D: Olympia 4. "________________" is a creative problem solving competition involving students from kindergarten through college. (Key: A, Points: 2) A: Odyssey of the Mind B: Mental Journey C: Mental Way D: Way of the Mind 5. There are two morphemes in the word "Pantheon", "pan-" as also in "________" and "theo-" as also in "____________". (Key: C, Points: 2) A: pants, theory B: Pandora, theology C: pan-America, theology D: pan-Pacific, thermometer 6. He would have made a good pilot but his drinking habit was his _____________. (Key: D, Points: 2) A: Hector's tendon
2018年4月自考马克思主义基本原理概论考试真题及解析 一、单选题 1.马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了（） A.主观条件 B.客观条件 C.理论基础 D.理论前提 【答案】B 【解析】马克思主义是时代的产物。马克思恩格斯所处的历史时代及其提出的各项任务，为马克思主义的产生提供了客观条件。 【考点】马克思主义的产生和发展 2.马克思主义的革命性既表现为它具有彻底的批判精神，又表现为它具有（） A.完整的理论体系 B.严密的逻辑结构 C.鲜明的政治立场 D.崇高的社会理想 【答案】C 【解析】马克思主义哲学是以实践为基础的科学性和革命性的统一：（1)科学性表现在，首先它不带任何偏见，其次在于它具有深刻性，再次它还经受住了实践的检验并随着实践的发展而不断发展；（2)其革命性集中表现为它的彻底的批判精神，还表现在它具有鲜明的政治立场上。 【考点】马克思主义科学性与革命性的统一 3.唯物主义与唯心主义的区别在于如何问答（） A.世界的本质是什么的问题 B.世界可否被认识的问题 C.世界的存在是怎样的问题 D.世界统一性的问题 【答案】A
【解析】物质和意识哪个是本原、哪个是第一性的问题，这在哲学上属于本体论的问题，是最重要的方面。如何回答这个问题是划分唯物主义和唯心主义的标准。【考点】物质世界和实践 4.实践作为一种感性物质活动，强调的是（） A.实践具有客观物质性 B.实践具有主观性 C.实践具有能动性 D.实践具有历史性 【答案】A 【解析】实践是主体能动地改造和探索客体的客观物质活动。 【考点】物质世界和实践 5.在唯物辩证法的基本范畴中，本质和现象反映了（） A.事物之间引起和被引起的关系 B.事物的内在要素和结构方式的关系 C.事物过去、现在和将来的关系 D.事物的根本性质和表面特征间的关系 【答案】D 【解析】本质是指事物的根本性质以及组成事物基本要素的内在联系；现象是指事物的表面特征以及这些特征的外部联系。 【考点】物质世界的普遍联系和永恒发展 6.意识的能动性最突出的表现是，意识活动（） A.具有目的性和计划性 B.能通过指导实践改造世界 C.具有主动性和创造性 D.能影响人的心理活动 【答案】B 【解析】意识能通过指导实践改造客观物质世界。这是意识能动作用最突出的表现。
2018年10月高等教育自学考试《语言与文化》试题 课程代码：00838 I. Each of the statements is followed by four alternatives. Read following incomplete each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%) 1. Without the emergence of man would remain what he was one or two million years ago. A.culture B. speech C. language D. thinking 2. When we say that language is , we mean that the language is rule governed. A.systematic B. arbitrary C. vocal D. symbolic 3. The relationship between a word and an object in the real world to which the word refers is the meaning of the word. A. connotative B. social C. affective D. conceptual 4. If an entry in a dictionary consists of two or more words, it will be treated as a A. phrase B. clause C. compound D. sentence 5. The following Chinese sentences are implicit passive sentences EXCEPT A．花晒着太阳了。B．红旗被插上了井冈山。 C．湿衣服吹吹风，干得快。D．道路加宽了，立交桥也修起来了。 6. The following sentences have hypotactic relations EXCEPT" " A. Bread and butter is my favoufite breakfast B. The man ran away when he saw the dog C. John loves Mary and Mary loves John, too D. He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc 7. "Flora" is a quite common English name. It belongs to names. A. religious B. weapon C. flower D. knowledge 8. In English speaking countries some elderly persons may use" "as a vocative to address a young lad without meaning to offend. A. son B. lad C. man D. buddy 9. The meaning of the idiom "the cat's got your tongue" is" " A. you're joking B. you're clumsy C. you're very quiet D. you're angry 10. The sentence "她是个王熙凤式的人物" uses an allusion from a Chinese literary work A. Three Kingdoms B. Dream of Red Mansions C. Water Margin D. Pilgrimage to the West 11. In the sentence "Bring the child down to me for a formight. I have a huge old garden where he can be as free as a bird", the tenor is A. a bird B. a fortnight C. a huge old garden D. the child 12. In the following metaphorical expressions," " shows ideas are food.