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济南市2016年初三年级学业水平考试含答案解析

济南市2016年初三年级学业水平考试含答案解析
济南市2016年初三年级学业水平考试含答案解析

济南市2016年初三年级学业水平考试

综合检测题(一)

一、(15分)

1.下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确

....的一项是( )(3分)

A.慰.藉(jia) 颤.抖(chàn) 虐.杀(nüa) 芊.芊细草(xiān)

B.攲.斜(qī)荫.蔽(yīn )倔.强(ju?) 硕果累.累(l?i)

C.潜.行(qián) 虔.信(qián) 骸.骨(hái) 玲珑剔.透(tì)

D.抽噎.(yē) 云翳.(yǔ) 唱和.(ha) 踉.踉跄跄 (liàng)

2.下列词语中没有错别字

.....的一项是( )(3分)

A.捍卫亲和力引颈受戳周道如砥

B.端详押轴戏闲情逸致苦心孤诣

C.仰慕满堂彩遍稽群籍如坐针毡

D.迁徙座右铭轻飞慢舞星临万户

3.下列句子中加点成语使用恰当

....的一项是( )(3分)

A.他心胸狭窄,经常在一些不值一提

....的微不足道的小事上斤斤计较。

B.富有创造性的人总是孜孜不倦

....地汲取知识,使自己学识渊博。

C.一连下了好几天雨,操场上拖泥带水

....的。

D.部门领导在检查防火工作中,认真负责,吹毛求疵

....,受到群众好评。

4.下列句子没有语病

....的一项是( )(3分)

A.在如何提高课堂效率的问题上,老师听取了广泛同学们的意见。

B.我们必须提高认真读书的习惯。

C.他对自己能否考上理想的高中充满信心。

D.我了解的事情越多,就越感到自然的伟大和世界的美好。

5.下列关于名著《三国演义》的表述,不正确

...的一项是( )(3分)

A.《三国演义》的作者是元末明初小说家罗贯中。

B.“血染征袍透甲红,当阳谁敢与争锋”称赞的是赵云。

C.曹操官渡一战胜袁绍,又取得彝陵之战的胜利,这些都说明他是一个富有军事才能的政治家。

D.关羽是忠义的化身,发生在他身上的忠、义、勇、谋、骄的事情依次有:千里走单骑、华容道义释曹操、过五关斩六将、水淹七军、败走麦城。

二、(25分)

(一)课内文言文阅读

阅读下面的文段,完成6~8题。(共6分,每小题2分)

公输(节选)

于是见公输盘。子墨子解带为城,以牒为械。公输盘九设攻城之机变,子墨子九距之。公输盘之攻械尽,子墨子之守圉有余。

公输盘诎,而曰:“吾知所以距子矣,吾不言。”

子墨子亦曰:“吾知子之所以距我,吾不言。”

楚王问其故。

子墨子曰:“公输子之意不过欲杀臣。杀臣,宋莫能守,乃可攻也。然臣之弟子禽滑厘等三百人,已持臣守圉之器,在宋城上而待楚寇矣。虽杀臣,不能绝也。”

楚王曰:“善哉。吾请无攻宋矣。”

6.下列加点词解释有误

..的一项是( )(2分)

A.子墨子之守圉

..有余守圉:守卫

B.公输盘诎.诎:通“屈”,理屈

C.公输盘九.设攻城之机变九:九次

D.在宋城上而待楚寇.矣寇:入侵

7.下列各项中加点词意义和用法相同

..的一项是( )(2分)

A.行十日十夜而.至于郢智叟笑而.止之

B.楚王问其.故其.如土石何

C.子墨子解带为.城其诗以养父母、收族为.意

D.公输子之.意不过欲杀臣辍耕之.垄上

8.下列对选文理解有误

..的一项是( )(2分)

A.本文通过记叙墨子止楚攻宋的故事,生动地叙述了墨子为实现自己的“非攻”主张所表现出的艰苦实践和顽强斗争的精神。

B.从“公输盘诎,而曰:‘吾知所以距子矣,吾不言。’”可以看出公输盘的阴险狡诈。

C.本文采用类比推理的说理方法,加之排比、比喻,使文章生动活泼,逻辑性强,具有说服力。全文通过墨子的言论行动来刻画人物,形象鲜明突出。

D.墨子胜在巧言善辩,极有口才;公输盘输在笨嘴拙舌,不得不“服”。

(二)课外文言文阅读

阅读下面的文段,完成9~11题。(共6分,每小题2分)

小港渡者

庚寅①冬,予自小港欲入蛟川②城,命小奚③以木简束书④从。时西日沉山,晚烟萦树,望城二里许。因问渡者⑤:“尚可得南门开否?”渡者熟视小奚,应曰:“徐行之,尚开也;速进,则阖⑥。”予愠为戏。趋行及半,小奚仆⑦,束断书崩,啼未即起。理书就束而前门已牡下⑧矣。予爽然⑨,思渡者言近道⑩。天下之以躁急自败,穷暮而无所归宿者,其犹是也夫!【注释】①庚寅:清顺治七年(1650年)。②蛟川:地名,指今浙江镇海。③小奚:小书童。④以木简束书:用木板夹住书。束,捆扎。⑤渡者:摆渡的人。⑥阖:合,关。⑦仆:跌倒。⑧牡下:关门。⑨爽然:若有所思的样子。⑩近道:很有道理。

9.用“/”给下面的文字断句。(只画一处

....)(2分)

理书就束而前门已牡下矣

10.用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。(2分)

徐行之,尚开也;速进,则阖。

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

11.这则故事告诉我们一个什么道理?(2分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

(三)诗歌阅读

阅读下面的古诗,完成12~13题。(共6分,每小题3分)

新晴

(宋)刘攽

青苔满地初晴后,绿树无人昼梦余。

唯有南风旧相识,偷开门户又翻书。

12.请你展开合理想象,用生动形象的语言描绘诗歌前两句所展现的画面。(3分)

13.这是一首夏日即景诗,简要说明诗歌表现了诗人怎样的心境。 (3分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

(四)根据原文默写

14.补写出下列句子的上句或者下句。(共7分,每小题1分)

(1)___________________,志在千里。烈士暮年,壮心不已。(曹操《龟虽寿》)

(2)吊影分为千里雁,______________________。(白居易《望月有感》)

(3)有约不来过夜半,______________________。(赵师秀《约客》)

(4)_________________,铜雀春深锁二乔。(杜牧《赤壁》)

(5)但愿人长久,_______________________。(苏轼《水调歌头》)

(6)_____________________,往来无白丁。(刘禹锡《陋室铭》)

(7)我是你簇新的理想,___________________。(舒婷《祖国啊,我亲爱的祖国》)

三、(30分)

阅读下面的文章,完成15~18题。(共12分)

(一)神州第一味

刘英敏

①“夫唯不争,故天下莫能与之争”(《老子》),此亦豆腐之谓乎?

②认识中国,可从豆腐找到绝佳切入口。儒释道左右中国几千年。道教是中国土生土长的宗教,豆腐最能代表中国的味道,因其多有“道味”。这,首先因豆腐的发明者是道者。中国文化史上地位很高的《淮南子》是道家的重要经典之一。淮南王刘安聚数千方士一边在炼丹中发明了豆腐,一边成就了《淮南子》。豆腐先是道者的长寿膏丹,后来传入民间。道家发明的豆腐营养中华文明两千余年,可申报世界文化遗产。豆腐因而有了庙堂、江湖和红尘三者的机缘。故,国人上上下下,神州东西南北,莫不深爱之。

③若说豆腐为道家之味,则红烧肉为法家之味,大蒜炒肉为儒家之味,苦瓜肉丁为墨家之味吧。红烧肉不能日日吃,其他的,但食无妨。豆腐之味有容乃大,因其“几乎无味”,所以左右逢源:加点肉末,则具儒家韵味;油豆腐烧肉,别有法家风貌;白水煮豆腐,深得佛家情怀……“达则兼济天下,穷则独善其身。”一块霉豆腐可为穷人下一餐饭,一桌豆腐宴可为主人壮脸面。豆腐干、豆腐丝、霉豆腐、臭豆腐,乃至水豆腐或者豆浆……士农工商、兵家戏子、三教九流均可在那儿找到胃的知音,正如西方人在“啃得急”、汉堡包以及可乐中寻到胃的伴侣。据说西方人也开始兴做豆腐,不一味地“啃得急”了——心放慢而食热豆腐也,以至于英文多了个新词“TOFU”(豆腐)。我想,这不仅仅因豆腐有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇和低热量之实用大优点,更因“豆腐得味,远胜燕窝”的至味和内中所藏的东方生活趣味与哲理吧。

④豆腐的温柔朴善,源自它的“娘”——黄豆的良善仁厚。黄土地,黄豆子。五谷之

一的“菽”(大豆),中国是最早的栽培者。《诗经·小雅·小宛》云:“中原有菽。”读之,思古之幽,五内俱热。豆子、豆腐为国粹。玉米、红薯等许多粮食作物传自外邦。菽,总让我们亲切。“煮豆燃豆萁”的心酸,“种豆南山下”的向往,“菽水承欢”的亲情,“喜看稻菽千重浪”的农家乐……这些,很中国。菽,实在有中国人的朴茂含蓄,予多取少,没有麦之芒,不像高粱那样张扬……它营养丰富,以至于军粮也少不了它。但它却不需多少肥料,因为自备了根瘤菌,可固定大气中的游离氮素而自产肥料并改良土壤。许多粮食用来做酒,大豆却“不参加这类派对”,甘心平凡,大智若愚。如此良善之“娘”,其“后代”能不好吗?豆腐“之前”的水豆腐,似黛玉,芳心如水才思荡漾。水豆腐“之前”的豆浆,外活泼内仁和,如史湘云。豆浆配油条,乃乾与坤、阴与阳、水与火、刚与柔……之配,因其含如许高度之哲理,方成就“油条加豆浆”之美味。豆浆和牛奶,国人宜豆浆。牛奶有游牧文明的冲动野力;豆浆具农耕文明的隐忍良善。豆腐呢,好比宝钗,入得厨房,上得厅堂。豆干像晴雯,性韧味厚。油豆腐,可比附王熙凤。霉豆腐像刘姥姥……

⑤“旋乾磨上流琼液,煮月档中滚雪花”——唐诗的如此意境当永随国人。“才闻香气已先贪,白褚油封由小餐。滑似油膏挑不起,可怜风味似淮南”(清·李调元《豆腐乳》),如此滋味当长存人间。“信知磨砺出精神,宵旰勤劳泄我真。最是清廉方正客,一生知己属贫人”(清·胡济苍《豆腐》),如此精神美味应永存天地间!

⑥啊,豆腐,识君之味,百味可解!

(有删改)15.本文依次介绍了豆腐的相关知识,请根据文章内容在横线上填空。(2分)

豆腐之源→________→________→豆腐之韵

16.从实用角度看,国人乃至西方人喜爱豆腐的原因是什么?(4分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

17.按要求完成下列题目。(4分)

(1)“据说

..西方人也开始兴做豆腐,不一味地‘啃得急’了——心放慢而食热豆腐也,以至于英文多了个新词‘TOFU’(豆腐)”中“据说”一词能否去掉?为什么?

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

(2)“菽,实在有中国人的朴茂含蓄,予多取少,没有麦之芒,不像高粱那样张扬……”这句话用了什么说明方法?有何作用?

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

18.文末说:“识君之味,百味可解!”结合全文,你从作者的说明中识到豆腐的哪两种味道?(2分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

阅读下面的文章,完成19~22题。(共18分)

(二)痴心石

①许多年前,当我还是一个十三岁的少年时,看见街上有人因为要盖房子而挖树,很心疼那棵树的死亡,就站在路边呆呆地看。树太大了,不好整棵地运走,于是工地的人拿出了锯子,把树分解。就在那个时候,我鼓足勇气,很不好意思地问,可不可以把那个剩下的树根送给我。那个人笑着看了我一眼,说:“只要你拿得动,就拿去好了。”我说我拿不动,可是拖得动。

②父母看见当时发育不良的我拖回来那么一个大树根,不但没有嘲笑和责备,反而帮忙清洗、晒干,然后将它搬到我的睡房中去。

③以后的很多年,我捡过许多奇奇怪怪的东西回家,父母并不嫌烦,反而特别看重那批不值钱但是对我有意义的东西。我和父母,其实很少一同欣赏同样的事情。他们有他们的天地,我,埋首在中国书籍里。

④我的父母并不明白也不欣赏我的怪癖,可是他们包涵。我也并不想父母能够了解我对于“美”这种主观事物的看法,只要他们不干涉,我就心安。

⑤有一次,我答应了跟父母和小弟全家去海边。结果前一天晚上又去看书,看到天亮才睡去。全家人在次日早晨等着我起床一直等到十一点,母亲不得已叫醒我,又怕我不跟去会失望,又怕叫醒了我要丧失睡眠,总之,她很为难。半醒了,我只挥一下手,说:“不去。”醒来发现父亲留了条子,叮咛我一个人也得吃饭。

⑥中午起床,奔回不远处自己的小房子去打扫落花残叶,弄到下午五点多钟才再回父母家中去。妈妈迎了上来,责我怎么不吃中饭,我问爸爸在哪里,妈妈说:“嗳,在阳台水池里替你洗东西呢。”我拉开纱门跑出去喊爸爸,他应了一声,也不回头,用一个刷子在刷什么,刷得好用力的。过了一会儿,爸爸又在厨房里找毛巾,说要擦干什么的,他要我去客厅等着。

⑦一会儿,爸爸出来了,妈妈出来了,两老手中各捧着一块石头。

⑧爸爸说:“你看,我给你捡的这一块,上面不但有纹路,石头顶上还有一抹淡红,你觉得怎么样?”妈妈说:“我挑挑拣拣,才得了一个石球,你看它有多圆!”

⑨我注视着这两块石头,眼前立即看见年迈的父母弯着腰,佝着背,在海边的大风里辛苦翻石头的画面。“你不是以前喜欢画石头吗?我们知道你没有时间去捡,就代你去了。你看看可不可以画?”妈妈说。

⑩看着比我还要瘦的父母,看着这两块没有任何颜色可以配上的、世间最朴素的石头,一时里,我想骂他们太痴心,可是开不了口,只怕一讲话声音马上哽住。父母的爱——一生一世的爱,都藏在这两块不说话的石头里给了我。

?我将那两块石头放在客厅里,跟在妈妈身后进了厨房,然后,三个人一起用饭。饭后爸爸看的“电视新闻”开始了,妈妈在打电话。我回到父母家也是属于我的小房间里去,赫然发现,父亲将这两块石头,就移放在我的一部书上。那套书,正是庚辰本《脂砚斋重评石头记》。

(节选自《三毛文集》,有删改)19.本文第①②段写了“我”少年时拖树根回家的事。有人认为这件事与标题“痴心石”无关,应该删去,你认为呢?(4分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

20.理解:作者用“痴心石”作为文章题目的原因是什么?(4分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

21.结合文意,回答下面两个问题。(共6分,每小题3分)

(1)面对父母的浓浓爱意,作者却在第⑩段中说“一时里,我想骂他们太痴心”,这是为什么?(3分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

(2)“我注视着这两块石头,眼前立即看见年迈的父母弯着腰,佝着背,在海边的大风里辛苦翻石头的画面。”这句话表达了作者怎样的情感?(3分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

22.文中“我”的父母理解、尊重孩子的“怪癖”,对此,你肯定很有感受,请结合你的生活实际,谈谈你的看法。(4分)

______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________

四、(50分)

23.按要求作文。

请以“在这个特殊的日子”为题目

...,写一篇文章。

要求:①你可以大胆选择你最能驾驭的文体,写你最熟悉的内容,表达你的真情实感;

②文中不要出现真实的校名、人名,如需要,可用“××”代替,否则扣分;

③不得抄袭;

④不少于600字(如写作诗歌不要少于20行)。

参考答案

1.B解析:A.芊—qiān;C.剔—tī;D.翳—yì。

2.C解析:A.引颈受戳—引颈受戮;B.押轴戏—压轴戏;D.轻飞慢舞—轻飞曼舞。

3.B解析:A.“不值一提”和“微不足道”语意重复;C.“拖泥带水”形容说话、写文章不

简洁或做事不干脆,不能用来形容操场;D.“吹毛求疵”指故意挑剔毛病,寻找差错,含贬义。

4.D解析:A.语序不当;B.搭配不当;C.两面对一面。

5.C解析:“夷陵之战”又称“彝陵之战”“猇亭之战”,是刘备对东吴发动的大规模战役。

6.C解析:九:表示次数多。

7.C解析:A.连词,表顺承/连词,表修饰;B.代词,其中的/在“如……何”前面加强反问语气;C.当作;D.结构助词,的/到,往。

8.D解析:墨子胜在将道义与实力相结合,迫使侵略者收敛其野心;公输盘输在道义和实力均站不住脚。

9.理书就束/而前门已牡下矣

10.慢慢地走,城门还会开着;急忙赶路,城门就要关上了。

11.示例:这则故事告诉我们遇事急躁鲁莽,就会导致失败,欲速则不达。

12.示例:雨后初晴,空气清新怡人。午睡醒来,庭院四周静寂无人。推窗而望,地上长满了碧绿的苔藓。微风拂过,翠绿的树儿阵阵摇晃,让人神清气爽。

13.示例:闲适、宁静、愉悦。

14.(1)老骥伏枥

(2)辞根散作九秋蓬

(3)闲敲棋子落灯花

(4)东风不与周郎便

(5)千里共婵娟

(6)谈笑有鸿儒

(7)刚从神话的蛛网里挣脱

15.豆腐之味豆腐之性

16.因其有高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇、低热量的特点。

17.(1)不能。“据说”是指没有确切的根据,表示“西方人也开始兴做豆腐”的说法是不十分确定的,删去则过于肯定,这体现了说明文语言的准确性。

(2)作比较。通过小麦的锋芒和高粱的张扬来突出菽的朴茂含蓄的特点。

18.“几乎无味”的豆腐原味(或豆腐之味);“夫唯不争,故天下莫能与之争”的道家之味(或“东方生活趣味与哲理”)。

19.不应删去。理由:①通过对拖树根后父母的一系列动作描写,表达了父母对“我”的包容和理解;引出“我”后来的种种怪癖,表现了父母对“我”的包涵。②为下文父母在海

边为“我”寻找“痴心石”埋下伏笔。

20.“石头”是文中传递情感、表达爱意的物品,用“痴心”修饰“石头”,表达了父母对“我”的爱达到了痴迷的程度,切中文章主旨。

21.(1)作者一方面深深感受到父母的爱,他们想把“我”想得到的一切都给“我”;另一方面因为父母为“我”付出太多而愧疚,“骂”实际上是反语。

(2)作者描写“我”的心理活动(或:通过“我”的联想与想象),细腻地表达了“我”对父母“痴心之爱”的醒悟、感动和自责。

22.点拨:肯定或否定这种做法均可以,但必须写出充足的理由。

23.略。

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