汉译英时事政经用语选登
1.深化亚太合作共创和谐未来
Enhancing Asia-Pacific Cooperation to Create a Harmonious Future Excerpts from the Speech Delivered by Hu Jintao
At the 13th APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting, Busan, ROK, 18 November 2005
2.世界上还存在着不少不稳定不确定因素，地区冲突和摩擦此起彼伏(动词)，恐怖主义活动猖獗（动词），南北差距拉大（动词），非传统安全威胁上升（动词），人类面临着许多严峻挑战，国际社会实现持久和平、共同繁荣任重而道远。
In today’s world, there are still quite some factors of instability and uncertainty.（评：无主句，采用there + be 的方式来翻译，很好；“不稳定”和“不确定”用名词译出好）。Frequent regional frictions and conflicts, rampant terrorist activities, the widening North-South gap and rising nontraditional security threats all pose severe challenges to mankind. The international community is currently facing an uphill struggle to achieve lasting peace and common prosperity.（评：“此起彼伏”、“猖獗”、“拉大”、“上升”都为动词，但为了突出其前的名词主题词，都改译成形容词，把短句改译成名词短语，并列做一个大句子的主语，处理的很好，把一个较长的句子，根据内容来断句，很可取，并且把一个成语“任重道远”用一个进行时be facing uphill struggle 来译，很巧妙）
3.在经济全球化进程中，相当一部分发展中国家面临着被边缘化的危险，发展经济困难加剧，同发达国家的发展差距继续拉大。
In the process of economic globalization, a considerable number of developing countries, which are faced with the danger of being marginalized, have found growing difficulties in their economic development and a widening gap between themselves and the developed countries.（评：“被边缘化”不是言者要强调的重点，译成一个定语部分自然把要强调的部分推到谓语的位置上。）
4.我们应该按照公认的国际规则，本着互谅互让的精神，通过对话协商，共同寻求解决分歧之道。
We should work together to explore ways to resolve disagreements t hrough dialogue and consultation in accordance with internationally recognized
principles and in the spirit of mutual understanding and accommodation.（本句重在强调“寻求解决分歧之道”，所以用谓语译出，其他为“寻求解决分歧之道”的手段，译成状语顺理成章，本句体现了汉语重意合，英语重形合）
5.我们应该显示诚意，采取灵活务实的态度，扩大共识，兑现承诺，弥合分歧，使即将在中国香港举行的第六届世界贸易组织部长级会议取得成果，并推动谈判早日成功结束。
We should, in all sincerity,take a down-to-earth and flexible attitude to explore our common ground, fulfill our commitments and bridge our differences so that we will make a success of the forthcoming 6th WTO Ministerial Meeting in Hong Kong, China, bringing the negotiations to a successful conclusion in the shortest possible time.（与上句一样，“显示诚意”也议程介词短语做状语，“扩大共识”等后边的内容译成不定式）
6.国际油价持续攀高给世界经济特别是发展中国家经济的发展带来不利影响；海啸、飓风等自然灾害频仍给受灾国家造成巨大损失；禽流感疫情不断暴发给本地区有关国家造成严重危害；等等。
The surging international oil price has had a negative impact on the world economy, and the economies of the developing countries in particular. The frequent occurrences of natural disasters such as tsunami and hurricane have inflicted heavy losses on disaster-stricken countries. The continued outbreak of avian flue has seriously affected some countries in this region.
7.我们要坚持协商一致、团结互助、灵活务实，以实现贸易和投资自由化、便利化为目标不断扩大市场开放，以经济技术合作为杠杆不断消除发展差距，以共同应对本地区面临的重大挑战为目标不断深化合作。
Adhering to the principle of seeking consensus through consultation and displaying solidarity and mutual support, we must adopt a flexible and pragmatic approach to further our market opening so as to attain the TILF objectives. We must also avail ourselves of the leverage function of Ecotech cooperation to mitigate the development gap. To address the major challenges facing the region, we must ensure that our cooperation is constantly enhanced.（评：此句在翻译时对原语的内容和结构做了比较大的调整，其中，明确主干很重要，即“我们必须…”，译时，把方式状语和目的状语译成主干的两个翅膀，符合英语的形合要求。）
8.今年进行的茂物目标中期审评表明，我们在达标的道路上取得了长足进展，地区贸易投资环境明显改善，经济技术合作不断加深，合作成果惠及更多成员。
The mid-term review of the Bogor Goals this year shows that much progress
has been made in the process of achieving these Goals. Noticeable improvement has been secured in the region’s trade and investment environment and Ecotech cooperation has been further strengthened, from which more and more members have gained benefits.（评：“我们”在英语表达时不是要强调的内容，所以不必译出，相反“长足进步”则是需要强调的，所以用被动语态来译，词句后半句的翻译也是如此）
9.我们支持加强单边行动计划和集体行动计划，通过完善成员相互审议机制，促进区域贸易和投资自由化、便利化。
We are supportive of the Individual Action Plan (IAP) and Collective Action Plan (CAP) and we will push ahead with the TILF process through the improvement of the peer review mechanism.
选自《十六届四中全会决定》的词汇（一）
中国译协对外传播翻译委员会
2005年1月20-21日讨论结果
1．党管人才
a. Party control over personnel selection/work
b. Party supervision over personnel/human resources work
c. Party takes charge/in charge of human resources work
2．党要管党的方针
a. The principle of the Party to toughen internal discipline
b. The principle that the Party organizations should oversee their members
c. The principle that the Party organizations should discipline their members
d. The principle of stricter oversight of Party membership
e. The principle that the Party must exercise self-discipline and be strict with its members
3．发展是硬道理
a. Development is of overriding/paramount importance.
b. Development should go before anything else.
c. Development is our top priority.
d. Development is an absolute/constant necessity.
4．革命化、年轻化、知识化
a. bring forth more younger, revolutionary, professionally competent people
b. promote ideologically sound and well-educated young people to leading posts
c. put revolutionary and well-educated young people at the leading posts
5．个体、私营等非公有制
a. private and other non-public sectors
b. individual and other non-public sectors
c. non-public sectors comprising businesses of individual and private ownerships/individual and private businesses
d. self-employed, private and other non-public sectors
6．公民道德工程建设
a. the project of enhancing people’s morality/moral standard
b. the project of ethical citizenry
c. promoting moral behavior
d. moral education program
7．管理宗教事务
a. guide religious affairs
8．积极引导宗教与社会主义相适应
a. take vigorous steps to help religions adapt themselves to socialist society
b. encourage the adaptability of religions to the socialist society
c. to (actively) help religions adapt to/suit/fit into socialism
d. to help religions coordinate themselves better to socialism
9．加快国家创新体制的建设
a. accelerate the building of the national innovation system
10．加强党的执政能力建设
a. build the Party’s capacity to govern
b. enhance the Party’s administrative/governing/governance capacity/capability
11．驾驭市场经济
a. be an active player in the market economy
b. master the laws of the market economy
12．坚持党管媒体的原则
a. adhere to the principle that the Party supervises the work of the mass media
13．坚持为人民执政、靠人民执政
a. serve the people and rely on the people
b. exercise power for the benefit of the people and with the support of the people
c. to govern for the people and with their support
14．坚持以人为本
a. always keep in mind that people come first
b. stick to the human-centred/people-first approach
c. always keep people’s interest in m ind
d. always be people-oriented
e. human factors come first
f. human-centred development
15．坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合
a. combine the “bringing in” and “going out” approaches
b. combine the policies of “inviting home” and “aiming abroad” (“going global”)
c. put equ al emphasis on “inviting home” and “going global”
d. a two-way approach featuring/of “bringing in” and “going out”
16．讲学习、讲政治、讲正气
a. pay adequate attention to study, political awareness and moral integrity
b. stress the need for study, political awareness and moral integrity
17．交叉任职
a. hold Party and government posts concurrently
18．精神动力和智力支持
a. drive/motivation and intellectual support
b. moral and intellectual support
19．拒腐防变
a. Combat (guard against) corruption and moral degeneration
20．科学执政、民主执政、依法执政
a. exercise the power of government in a scientific, democratic
and law-based manner
b. a scientific, democratic and law-based approach to governance
c. exercise power scientifically, democratically and according to law
公示语集锦——2005年夏英国伦敦实地采集
译协编辑
1. 为了公众利益和环境保护机动车停驶时请关闭引擎
IN THE INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT PLEASE SWITCH OFF YOUR ENGINE WHILST STATIONARY
2. 请沿站台过往Pass along the platform please
3. 门票在检票处免费索取如需帮助，请找工作人员。5:30停止入园。
Tickets are FREE from the admissions desk. Please ask a member of staff if you require assistance. Last Admission 5:30
4. 请注意此门开关费力Please be aware that the door is difficult to open and close.
5. 请在乘车前购买好车票 Please buy your ticket before you board the train
6. 乘车前请购票违规者必罚款（至少20镑）Please buy your ticket before you travel, otherwise you may have to pay a Penalty Fare (at least ￡20).
7. 狗便后请清理PLEASE CLEAN UP AFTER YOUR DOG
8. 请随手关门谢PLEASE CLOSE BEHIND YOU.THANK YOU.
9. 出入请将门关严 Please close this gate securely on entry and exit
10. 找寻自行车支架请查阅站区图或请教车站工作人员 Please consult the station map or a member of staff for location of cycle racks.
11. 请勿将设备或垃圾置留区内PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE EQUIPMENT OR RUBBISH WITHIN THIS AREA
12.请勿在此停车PLEASE DO NOT PARK HERE.
13. 请勿将其它类别的塑料投入此筒/箱 Please DO NOT put other types of plastics in the bin.
14. 请勿移动任何可疑物品PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE ANY SUSPICIOUS DEVICES.
15. 请从另端进入Please enter at other end.
16. 请按门票所示线路参观PLEASE FOLLOW THE VISITOR ROUTE INDICATED ON YOUR GUIDE TICKET
17. 请将机票或登机牌准备好接受安检Please have your ticket or boarding card ready for inspection.
18. 请协助确保列车准点运行 Please help to run trains on time
19. 请协助我们保持站区清洁。违者必将严处。 Please help us keep it clean and attractive. Transgressors will be severely punished.
20. 本区域大部为居民区，请您离开时不要大声喧哗。 PLEASE LEAVE QUIETLY AS THIS IS PREDOMINANTLY A RESIDENTIAL AREA.
21. 请将童车留存此处 Please leave your buggy
here
22. 存放时请务必索取行李票。请将行李票的第二联粘贴在行李上。 Please
make sure that you collect a ticket for each piece of luggage. Please stick the second copy of your ticket(s) on each piece of luggage.
23. 宾客请注意所有存放行李无论丢失，还是失窃均由物主负责，店方概不承担
任何责任。
Please note that all luggages are stored at the owner’s risk. The hotel will not accept liability for any luggage lost or stolen.
24. 请将此座位留给老年人、残疾人和抱孩子的人。 Please offer this seat to elderly or disabled people or those carrying children.
25. 请仅在紧急情况下使用Please only use in an emergency
26.请您在返回车前先付费Please pay before returning to your car
27. 需要帮助请按按钮 PLEASE PRESS FOR ASSISTANCE
28. 请勿在本区域堆弃垃圾 PLEASE REFRAIN FROM DUMPING RUBBISH IN THIS AREA.
29. 请牢记：将您需要清洗的毛巾放在地板上；将您准备继续使用的毛巾挂在毛巾架上。您的举手之劳将有助环保。谢谢！
Please remember: to put towels you want washed on the floor. Leave towels you will use again on the towel racks. This simple gesture helps protect the environment. Thank you.
30. 请慢速骑行，接近行人提前示意。Please ride slowly and warn pedestrians as you approach
31. 需要帮助请按铃PLEASE RING FOR ASSISTANCE
32. 请为使用道路的其他人着想 Please show consideration for other path users
33. 请靠右侧站立 Please stand on the right
34. 如果电梯出现故障，请拨打020 7363 9777请求帮助。我们为给您带来的任何不便深表歉意。
If this lift is out of order, please call 020 7363 9777 for assistance. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
35. 请取票PLEASE TAKE TICKET
36. 回收筒在您右侧！请使用。Recycling bin to your right! Please use it.
37. 停车场关闭请使用宽便道The car park is Closed, Please use the Broadwalk.
38. 请系好安全带PLEASE WEAR THE SEATBELT PROVIDED
39. 这里是居民区。请您离开时不要喧哗，以免影响左邻右舍。谢谢您的合作与关注。
This is a RESIDENTIAL AREA. Please leave QUIETLY so as not to disturb our neighbours. Thank you for you co-operation & your kind attention
*为了便于研究者了解这些公示语在实际使用中的状况，我们保留了部分公示语的原大小写形式和格式布局
北京第二外国语学院公示语翻译研究中心
中国译协对外传播委员会中译英研讨会讨论词汇选登（1）
1.从善如流 do good naturally and happily; take advice with a receptive mind; readily follow what is right
2.自欺欺人 deceive oneself as well as others
3.顺民意, 合民情 accord with the popular will and sentiments
4.全国人大高票通过《反分裂国家法》(实际上没有反对票)
The NPC passed the Anti-Secession Law with no dissenting The NPC passed the Anti-Secession Law with no opposing vote.
5.两国边境地区可以说是阡陌相通, 鸡犬之声相闻(中缅关
系) China and Myanmar are close neighbors, with their border people living within hailing distance.
6.我们不应该厚此薄彼。
We should not favor one to the neglect of the other; We should not favor one over the other; We should not play favoritism.
7.走自己的路, 让别人说去吧。Go one’s own way, whatever others may say.
8.讲公道话, 办公道事 Fair in word and deed; Act fair and square
9.黄金发展期 golden/rare/prime period of development
10.矛盾凸显期(二十一世纪上半叶,我们既面临“黄金发展期”,又面对矛盾凸显期。)
a period of increasing problems a period of major challenges
11.赢得主动to take the initiative; to gain the upper hand to master the situation
12.整体资源 use pooled/all/aggregate resources
13. 随着世界制造业大规模向中国大规模转移，也带来一定程度的“能耗转
移”。
The massive shift of manufacturing to China has also brought about a transfer of energy consumption (to a certain degree).
14.在经济和社会协调过程中的一系列两难问题 dilemma in the process of coordinating economic and social development
15.高投入，高消耗，高污染的旧式工业化道路the old-style industrialization characterized by/with/ featuring high input, high consumption and high pollution
16.不合时宜的社会治理模式 outdated governance
17.后发优势 advantages of a late comer
18.中等收入阶层 middle-income group/section
19.中国特色的人力资源优势China’s advantage in human resources
20.世界经验还要借鉴下去，中国特色还要坚持下去。
We will continue to draw on foreign experience while maintaining Chinese characteristics.
21.(消费结构)基本生活型consumption pattern of low-income groups；consumption pattern of meeting the basic needs of life
22.现代生活型modern-life consumption pattern
23.(在爱滋病区)实行免费匿名检测free and confidential test
24.(政协)反映社情民意 to reflect social conditions and public opinion
25.忧患意识和塑造意识sense of urgency and willingness to initiate /to shape things
26.两元经济结构 urban-rural dual economy
27.科学发展观 to take a scientific approach to development；to pursue a scientific strategy of development
28.第十一个五年规划the 11th five-year development guidelines
29.生活垃圾无害化处理 domestic garbage was harmlessly treated；innocuous
disposal of domestic garbage
30.绿化覆盖率 greenery coverage
31.农村土地权 verify/establish rural land-use rights
32.多点支撑的增长局面初步形成
economic growth has been brought/driven by multiple props/driving forces
/multi-stimuli
33.会展经济 conference economy
34.城乡一体的紧急医疗救援体系integrated urban-rural emergency medical service system
35.全程办事代理制full range agent service; through agent service
36.“一站式”办公 one-stop service
37.降低企业准入门槛lower the threshold for market entry/access
38.工伤保险 work-related injury insurance
39.社会守法意识、公德意识有待增强 to strengthen law-abiding and social ethics awareness
40.城市快速路 city express way
41.城市主干路city thorough fare/avenue
42.公共客运系统 mass transit system
43.建设园林景观道路 to landscape roads
44.积极承接国际服务业的外包转移 seek more service jobs outsourced by foreign countries/companies
45.都市型农业 urban agriculture
46.(基本完成)国有大中型企业主辅分离、辅业改制任务
separate supporting operations from core operations in large and medium-sized SOEs and turn the former into independent companies（businesses/entities）
47.社会化服务体系 commercialized/outsourced services
48.经营性社会事业项目public services; profit-making public services
49.中央在京高等教育资源优势 the concentration of high education resources under the central authorities located in Beijing
50.光机电一体化 optomechatronics (the integration of optics, mechanics and electronics)
51.加大对收受回扣、“红包”和乱收费等问题的治理力度
redouble efforts to prevent kickbacks, “red envelope” bribes and other improper charges in medical service
52.反省侵略历史reproach itself for its past aggression
53.尊重人才 value competent/professional people
54.思想道德建设moral/ethical education
55.现在达到的小康还是低水平的、不全面的、发展很不平衡的小康
The kind of “xiaokang” (moderate prosperity) obtained so far is still a low-level, incomplete and unbalanced one.
57.党和国家的集中统一the centralization and unity of the Party as well as the state
58.加强党性修养 cultivate their Party spirit
59.人文交流 cultural and educational exchanges
汉译英短文翻译——清华在线 1 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（102字） 难点注释： 1）城市化urbanization 2）加速阶段an accelerating phase 3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems 4）远非…所能及surpass 5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit 2 世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字） 难点注释： 1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 2）头号罪魁the chief culprit 3）使……丧失deprive of 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV 3 当今中国，对传真机的使用已十分普及，并成为现代重要的通讯终端设备。据一项调查显示，2002年，中国市场对传真机的需求量约为200万台，国内产量仅满足了约30%的需求，进口机占据市场的主导地位。（89字） 难点注释： 1）传真机fax machines 2）通讯终端设备telecommunications terminal equipment 3）占主导地位dominate 4 2000年，美国数码相机的销量达到惊人的510万台，而1999年只有310万台。数码相机的流行其原因非常简单：成像质量好且花费少。此外，使用数码相机还能省去不少麻烦。你不用买胶卷，所有的照片都被存在可反复使用的存储卡上。一按快门，就可以马上在液晶显示屏上观察照片的效果。（124字） 难点注释： 1）数码相机digital camera 2）可反复使用的存储卡reusable memo叮cards
第六单元文体翻译 第一节新闻报道 一、新闻翻译的特点 1、翻译讲求实效 2、可以适当增减 ?翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。 ?编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。（王涛2004） ?摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。（俞建村2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。） ?参见教材第十章“翻译的类型” p135. 3、符合写作要求 （1）手法： ?以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。 （2）结构： ?编年史法（chronological method ）： 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 ?新闻导语法（news lead method ）： 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 （3）语言： ?具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。 4、内容力求准确 二、新闻的翻译 ?标题的翻译 ?电头的翻译 ?导语的翻译 ?正文的翻译 ?了解背景知识 例： US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place. 美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F－16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷
Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力，集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感，渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业，而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。
中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会，是在我国改革发展关键阶段召开的一次十分重要的大会。大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。 The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development. The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way,
promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，是当代中国发展进步的旗帜，是全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的旗帜。解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，改革开放是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力，科学发展、社会和谐是发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求，全面建设小康社会是党和国家到二０二０年的奋斗目标，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。 The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
汉英新闻翻译策略 美国新闻学者约斯特认为: “新闻是已经发生或正在发生的事实的报道。”从中可以看出新闻的根本特点：新闻是对信息的报道, 新闻的时效性很强, 客观性是新闻的灵魂。 新闻一般包括标题、导语和正文三个部分。标题高度概况了整条新闻的主要内容, 被喻为“新闻的眼睛”, 是信息量最集中、最丰富的地方。新闻标题的功能包括五个方面: 把最精彩的内容揭示给读者, 用最短的文字阐明内容主旨, 以特殊方式表达报纸的倾向性, 凭借特殊强势吸引读者, 选择让人震撼的语句激励读者。导语简要交代整条新闻的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因等要素, 通常称为5W, 这些有时甚至用一句话表达。正文则体现前重后轻的做法, 先提供重要的信息, 再补充必要的背景报道, 所谓“倒金字塔”结构。 纽马克认为,采取何种翻译方法取决于三个因素：文本类型(type of text) 、读者身份(nature of thereadership) 和翻译目的(purpose of the translation) 。具体而言,译者可以打破新闻原文的形式上的束缚,在标题、词汇和句法结构上进行改写(rewriting) 。在出发语和目的语之间发生矛盾时,要优先考虑目的语的表达习惯。“好的翻译听起来不像是翻译”(奈达) ,而像译者用目的语写作的产物。交际翻译法的实质是意译、归化、适度再创造。 1．标题改写 新闻标题的功能是提炼内容、美化版面和吸引读者(郜书锴,2002) 。好的新闻标题常常具有简约、醒目、概括、风趣的特点(刘宓庆,1998 :82) 。标题翻译的好坏,直接影响着整篇新闻翻译的交际效果和读者的兴趣。纽马克认为:“Normally, as a translator, you are entitled to …change? the title of your text . ”(2001 : 156) 因此,除了极少数采用语义翻译外,译者都在标题翻译上下了很大功夫用交际翻译法处理。 标题翻译应积极地揭示新闻内容, 兼顾中英文标题的差异性和考虑读者的接受能力, 可采用以下三种策略: 其一, 如果标题含义明白、直接而且信息功能强烈, 译成目标语后读者不至于产生理解上的困难, 则可直译或基本直译, 例如: “Looking Back to Look Ahead——回首往昔展望未来”; “Olymp ics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold——奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌”, 但中英文采用通栏标题或对仗式标题, 不完全一致。其二, 标题译成目标语能保留原文的重要信息和审美价值, 又不至于使读者产生理解上的困难。例如: “A V ow to Zip his Lips (夸张) ——誓要守口如瓶”; “So lar System Search from Space (头韵) ——从太空对太阳系进行探索”。“Zip”和“守口如瓶”并不对应, 但译文和原文对接受者的作用和接受者
1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法： ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2：我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单
?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道，句式多样 ?例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9：胎又瘪了。 ?译法1：We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2：Our tire is flat again. ?例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 ?译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。
汉译英时事政经用语 1.深化亚太合作共创和谐未来 Enhancing Asia-Pacific Cooperation to Create a Harmonious Future Excerpts from the Speech Delivered by Hu Jintao At the 13th APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting, Busan, RO, 18 November 2005 2.世界上还存在着不少不稳定不确定因素，地区冲突和摩擦此起彼伏，恐怖主义活动猖獗，南北差距拉大，非传统安全威胁上升，人类面临着许多严峻挑战，国际社会实现持久和平、共同繁荣任重而道远。 In today’s world, there are still quite some factors of instability and uncertainty. Frequent regional frictions and conflicts, rampant terrorist activities, the widening North-South gap and rising nontraditional security threats all pose severe challenges to mankind. The international community is currently facing an uphill struggle to achieve lasting peace and common prosperity. 3.在经济全球化进程中，相当一部分发展中国家面临着被边缘化的危险，发展经济困难加剧，同发达国家的发展差距继续拉大。 In the process of economic globalization, a considerable number of developing countries, which are faced with the danger of being marginalized, have found growing difficulties in their economic development and a widening gap between themselves and the developed countries. 4.我们应该按照公认的国际规则，本着互谅互让的精神，通过对话协商，共同寻求解决分歧之道。 We should work together to explore ways to resolve disagreements through dialogue and consultation in accordance with internationally recognized principles and in the spirit of mutual understanding and accommodation. 5.我们应该显示诚意，采取灵活务实的态度，扩大共识，兑现承诺，弥合分歧，使即将在中国香港举行的第六届世界贸易组织部长级会议取得成果，并推动谈判早日成功结束。 We should, in all sincerity, take a down-to-earth and flexible attitude to explore our common ground, fulfill our commitments and bridge our differences so that we will make a success of the forthcoming 6th WTO Ministerial Meeting in Hong Kong, China, bringing the negotiations to a successful conclusion in the shortest possible time. 6.国际油价持续攀高给世界经济特别是发展中国家经济的发展带来不利影响；海啸、飓风等自然灾害频仍给受灾国家造成巨大损失；禽流感疫情不断暴发给本地区有关国家造成严重危害；等等。 The surging international oil price has had a negative impact on the world economy, and the economies of the developing countries in particular. The frequent occurrences of natural disasters such as tsunami and hurricane have inflicted heavy losses on disaster-stricken countries. The continued outbreak of avian flue has seriously affected
摘要：本文以20 00至20 05 年共6 界《政府工作报告》为语料, 在奈达等效翻译理论的基础上, 从词汇层面和语篇层面入手, 结合汉英语言文化差异以及对外宣传的特珠禽要对其中出现的有中国特色的政治经济用语的时等翻译进行探讨和总结。 关键词：奈达; 等效翻译; 词汇层面; 语篇层面; 有中国特色的政治经济用语 一、引言 《政府工作报告》是中国政府向其人民代表所做的工作总结和工作部署, 总结过去尸年建设有中国特色社会主义事业的新成就, 部署针对中国国情的大政方针、基本国策, 对党和国家事业的发展具有重大而深远的意义. 随着改革开放与对外交流的日益频繁, 以及中国在世政治经济生活中的影响日益扩大, 一年一度的《政府工作报告》更是倍受世界瞩目。但是《政府工作报告》的翻译却很有难度. 首先, 它的政治性和政策性极强, 对译文准确性的要求极高, 稍有差错就可能影响到国家的政治经济利益、形象声誉甚至国际关系, 造成无可挽回的损失。其次, 不少中国特有的新提法、新概念不断涌现, 很难在英文中找到完全对等的译语。第三, 行文结构和用词极具中国特色, 也给翻译工作带来困难川。美国著名翻译理论家奈达, 从现代语言学角度出发, 结合交际理论、读者反应论和信息论在6 0 一70 年代提出了“ 动态对等” 翻译理论. “ 所谓动态对等翻译, 是指从语义到语体, 在接受语中用最贴近的自然对等语再现源发语的信息。’心] 以’奈达主张译者应着眼于读者来考虑原文的意义和精神, 以译文信息内容和交际效果对等为目的, 不拘泥于原文的语言结构, 改变原文形式, 重组信息, 重建形式和语义结构, 使译文读者能以与原文读者基本相同的方式理解和欣赏译文.80年代他又将其修正为“功能对等’, , 其实两者实质上是相同的, 重点都在“ 对等” 上。等效翻译理论在跨文化翻译中应用相当广泛。《政府工作报告》译语接受者是外籍人士, 其语言、文化背景、民族心理、历史、生活习惯等都与我们不同。因此, 译者必须从外国读者的角度出发, 灵活运用奈达的等效翻译理论, 使他们看懂、听崔, 最大程度地领会原作的精神和风格, 达到交际与对外宜传的目的。本文以最近六届《政府工作报告》为语料, 在等效翻译理论的基础上, 从词汇层面和语篇层面入手, 结合汉英语言文化差异以及对外宣传的需要对其中出现的有中国特色的政治经济用语的对等翻译进行探讨。 二、词汇层面对等处理的五个方面 (一) 准确是政治翻译的基本要求. 《政府工作报告》事关国家大事, 每一句话、每一个词都是经过字斟句酌、反复修改后定稿的, 均有准确定义。其中有不少有政治含义的词汇. 特别是涉及到方针政策和国家主权的, 必须吃透原文, 多从政治方面进行深人解读, 掌握好翻译的分寸川。 1. “ 物质文明和精神文明” 这一提法早期被翻译为“material and spiritual civilization” 。但是, “精神” 被翻译为“ sp ir itual” 是不妥的。中国人理解“ 精神” 是相对于“物质” 而言, 是指思想素质、道德规范; 而“ spiri t ”在英文中的意思是幽灵、鬼魂、精灵等, 宗教意味也很浓。若用“ eth ic ” 则比较妥当, 因为“ethic ” 是指“principles of right conduct or a system of moral values ” 。所以, “ 物质文明和精神文明” 可译为“ material and ethical progress” 。 2 . “廉正建设” “ 廉政建设” 曾被译为“construct clean politics ” (十三届五中全会词汇, 《中国翻译》, 1 9 90 年第2 期) , 但这种译法很有问题。首先, “co ns t ru ct ” 多指工程建设, 用在这里显然不当。其次, “p o lit ie s ” 往往含有贬义, 如“ o ffie e p o lit ie s ” 是“ 办公室里的明争暗斗” 。因此在十六大《政府工作报告》中已把“ 廉正建设”改译为“build a clean and honest government ” 。 3 . “能上能下”
汉译英翻译技巧 一、分清主从(Subordination) 汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。 1、没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。 Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production proceed. 2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。 The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti- hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists. 3、有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事? Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can that be true? 4、但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。 But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is bright. 二、选词用字（Diction） 在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。 1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？ Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress? 2、树雄心，立壮志，向科学技术现代化进军。 Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution of modernization of science and technology. 3、我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结， 天下大治的局面。 For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order. 4、论技术，她那时还不如我，但思想却比我高得多。 Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was head and shoulders above me. 三、增益（Ampification） 汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。 1、交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can you do your work well. （英语行文时人称代词，物主代词用得较多） 2、她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。 Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every minute. (增益为了意译) 3、他们一听说有新任务，就坐不往了。
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
汉译英政治经济词汇 [雅健] 2011-08-29 14:55:39 A 安排城市新增劳动力就业Jobs have been created for the increased workforce in cities. 安排人民生活to ensure that the daily needs of the people are met 按比例on pro rata basis; in proportion to 按净产值计算的工业全员劳动率the productivity of the entire workforce in industrial enterprise, calculate on the basis of net output value 按劳分配制度Distribution according to work; the principle of “to each according to his work” 按面值全部缴清的股票Shares paid fully at face value 肮脏工业（污染环境的工业，赌博业等）“sin” industry B 八国联军the Eight-Power Allied Forces 巴黎俱乐部the Paris Club 巴塞尔委员会the Basle Committee 把按劳动分配和按生产要素分配结合起来to combine remuneration according to work with remuneration according to factors of production 把二者割裂，对立起来separating the two and then setting them against each other 把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可以承受的程度统一起来give full consideration to the intensity of reform, pace of development and people’s ability to sustain them 把各方面的积极性引导好，保护好，发挥好to guide, protect and tap the initiative of all quarters of society properly 把企业推向市场to expose enterprises to market; increase the responsiveness of enterprises to market forces 把握正确的舆论导向to properly guide the public opinion 把眼光放远一些to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones; to be farsighted; have a broad view 把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented 白条an IOU 百花齐放、百家争鸣let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 百年不遇once-in-a-century 百业待举Much remains to be done. 摆门面to put up an impressive front 摆脱思想上和体制上的禁锢to shake off ideological and structural shackles 摆脱债务问题Extricate oneself from debt problems; free oneself from debt problems 拜金主义money worship 版权收入Royalties 办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系a highly efficient, well-coordinated and standardized administrative system 帮助企业分离社会职能to help enterprises divest themselves of social functions 包干Contract for; on a contract basis 包干体制the contract responsibity system under which an enterprise turns over a fixed amount of tax and profits to the state
汉译英主题词汇 1.中国传统文化 四大发明the Four Great Inventions 造纸术paper-making 火药gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass 印刷术printing 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 思想学派school of thought 核心思想the core of ideology 代表人物representative 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道家Daoism 法家Legalism 和尚;僧人monk 乐器musical instrumental 琴棋书画guqin,game of go, calligraphy and painting
笛子flute 二胡erhu 古筝guzheng 鼓drum 琵琶Chinese lute 中国象棋Chinese chess 围棋Chinese Go 对弈play chess 棋子chess pieces 棋盘chessboard 中国书法Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文oracle bone script 文房四宝the four treasures of the study 毛笔brush pen 墨ink stick 砚台inkstone 纸paper 笔划stroke 四大名著the four masterpieces 汉字Chinese character 《西游记》Journey to the West; The Money King
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions 《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms <<水浒传>>Water Margin; Outlaws of the Mash 《诗经》Books of Songs 《史记》Records of the Grand Historian;Historical Records 唐诗宋词Tang and Song Poetry; Poetry of Tang and Song Danasties 元曲Yuan opera 眀小说Ming novel 普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese 对联couplet 俗语idiom 词语phrase 国画Chinese (traditional) painting 山水画landscape painting 写意画free sketch painting