分词的用法
一、现在分词作状语的用法
1、用法特点：现在分词或现在分词短语作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等。例如：
1) Having finished doing his homework, the student went out for playing football.(时间)
那学生做完作业后，出去踢足球了。
2）Being a League member, he takes the lead at every turn. (原因)
他作为一个团员，事事处处起模范带头作用。
3）Having any time, I will join you in your games. (条件)
如果我有时间，我会加入你们的比赛。
4) Being an old man, he works hard like a young people.（让步）
虽然他老了，但是他干起活来像年轻人一样。
5) Her parents passed away one after another, leaving her lots of money. (结果)
她父母相继去世，结果给她留下一大笔钱。
6) Children left the classroom, talking and laughing. (方式或伴随)
孩子们又说又笑离开了教室。
2、语法关系：当现在分词作时间、原因、条件或让步状语时，如果前后主语一致，那么可以换成相应的时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句。例如：
1) Listening to the radio, the old man went out for a walk.(时间)
=While he was listening to radio, the old went for a walk.
那老人一边听收音机，一边散步。
2) Being a class cadre, Wang Jun sets a good example to his classmates.(原因)
=As he is a class cadre, Wang Jun sets a good example to his classmates.
王俊作为一个班干部，为班上的同学树立好榜样。
3）Not listening to us, you will feel regretful one day.（条件）
=If you don’t listen to us, you will feel regretful one day.
如果你不听我们的，有朝一日又会感到后悔的。
4) Being in poor condition, Iraq can get help from many other countries.(让步)
Although it is in poor condition, Iraq can get help from many other countries.
虽然伊拉克情况不妙，但是它能得到许多其他国家的帮助。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. Playing outdoors, you must be careful for your safety. (改为时间状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________
2. Though we have little time, we might as well finish our task.(改为分词短语作状语)
__________________________________________________________________
3. They gave us lots of help, making us finish our task very soon. (改为并列句)
__________________________________________________________________
4. Being a Party member, he often takes the lead. (改为原因状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________
5. If I am in good health, I will work to more than sixty years old.( 改为分词短语作状语)
__________________________________________________________________
II. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. ___ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. Being seen
( ) 2. __ a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given
B. Having given
C. Giving
D. Being given
( ) 3. When I got into my room, I heard her __________ in the next room.
A. singing
B. sang
C. sing
D. to sing
( ) 4.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, __ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
( ) 5.China is one of the largest countries in the world, ______ 9.6 million square (平方)kilometers.
A. to cover
B. covered
C. covers
D. covering
( ) 6. _ many times, he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He having been told
D. telling
( ) 7. __different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce
B. Being produced
C. Produced
D. Having produced
( ) 8. He went from door to door, __ waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered ( ) 9. __ how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know
B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not
D. Not known
( )10. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Having compared
三、真题零距离
（）1. the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010·上海)
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached
( ) 2. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board. (2009·上海)
A. killed
B. killing
C. kills
D. to kill
二、现在分词作定语的用法
1、用法特点：现在分词作定语常表动作正在发生或性质特征。单个的现在分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前（偶尔放在其后），现在分词短语作定语须放在被修饰的词之后。例如：
1) The sleeping baby is only five months old. （表正在发生）
在睡觉的那个婴儿只有五个月大。
2) Professor Wang’s inspiring lecture attracted many students.（表性质特征）
王教授的具有感召力的演讲吸引了不少学生。
3) The student listening to MP3 over there is a newcomer. (表正在发生)
在那边听MP3的那位同学是一位新来的。
4) The boy making a face at the teacher’s desk is a naughty kid. (表正在发生)
在讲台旁做鬼脸的那个男孩是个顽皮的家伙。
5) I’m very sorry I have lost the interesting novel.(表性质特征)
非常对不起，我已经把那本有趣味的小说丢了。
2、语法关系：
A. 某些作定语用的单个现在分词现已趋向于形容词化，请同学们务必记住。例如：interesting, disappointing, amazing, inspiring, exciting, boring, pleasing, surprising, amusing, , frightening, astonishing, tiring , moving etc.
B. 现在分词作定语常可转化为定语从句。例如：
1) I watched an exciting football game on TV yesterday.
=I watched a football game which is exciting on TV yesterday.
昨天我在电视上观看了一场令人兴奋的足球赛。
2) The girl performing an experiment is from Pudong, Shanghai.
=The girl who is performing an experiment is from Pudong, Shanghai.
3) The teacher attending class in our classroom is a teaching researcher.
=The teacher who is attending class in our classroom is a teaching researcher.
在我们教室听课的那位老师是一位为教研员。
C. 当定语从句换成现在分词作定语时，一定要注意从句与被修饰的词在逻辑主语上保持一致。例如：
1) My father told me a story that is amusing last night.
=My father told me an amusing story last night.
昨晚我爸爸给我讲了一个令人发笑的故事。
2) The singer who is singing on the stage is just Liu Huan.
=The singer singing on the stage is just Liu Huan.
在台上唱歌的那位歌手正是刘欢。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. The girl is my sister. She is dancing on the sports ground. (合并为现在分词作定语)
______________________________________________________________________.
2. The stranger smoking in the shop is a thief. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
______________________________________________________________________.
3. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.（将划线部分改为分词）
_______________________________________________________________________.
4. The funny-looking monkey is waving to you. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________.
5. The water is much too dirty to drink. It is running. (合并为现在分词作定语)
_______________________________________________________________________.
II. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings.
A. designing
B. design
C. designed
D. to design
( ) 2. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce
B. reducing
C. reduced
D. reduces
( ) 3. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden
B. stealing, hiding
C. stealing, hidden
D. stolen, hiding
( ) 4. A person __ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language ___all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget
B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting
D. learning, forgetting ( ) 5. The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to
B. going to
C. leading to
D. turning to
( ) 6. Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider
B. considering
C. considered
D. be considered
( ) 7 What’s the language in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
( ) 8. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying
B. dead, lied
C. death, laying
D. died, lain
( ) 9. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.
A. freezing…freezing
B. freezing…frozen
C. frozen…frozen
D. frozen…freezing ( ) 10.---I’d like to buy an expensive camera.
---Well, we have several models _______ .
A. to choose from
B. to choose
C. to be chosen
D. for choice
三、真题零距离
( ) 1.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (2004·上海）
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
( ) 2. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anythi ng ________ ? （20004·上海春）
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
( ) 3. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (2005·北京)
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid
三、现在分词作表语和宾语补足语的用法
1、用法特点：
1）现在分词作表语，常表示主语的性质特征，其功能相当于形容词作表语的用法，可用程度副词加以修饰。例如：
(1) The basketball match I watched on TV last night is exciting.
昨晚我在电视上看的那场篮球赛令人激动。
(2) Last week my elder sister bought a book which is very amusing.
上周，我姐姐买了一本非常有趣味的书。
2)现在分词作宾语补足语，常表该句子的宾语正在发生的动作或其性质特征，涉及的动词主要有hear, feel, see, find, notice, watch, observe, have, keep, get, catch, send etc.例如：
(1) The old man felt his heart beating faster and faster.
老人感觉到自己的心脏跳得愈来愈快了。
(2) Yesterday I caught a thief stealing a purse from a lady.
昨天，我抓住了一位小偷在偷一位女士的钱包。
(3) Nowadays, I find my little dog, Wang Wang, very interesting.
如今，我发现我的小狗旺旺很有趣味。
2、语法关系：
1）现在分词与动名词作表语的区别。现在分词表主语的性质特征，其功能相当于形容词，其前可用程度副词加以修饰；动名词作表语表主语的身份、工作、职业，其功能相当于名词，其前不能用程度副词修饰，可与主语掉换位置。例如：
(1) The novel I borrowed from the school library is very moving.(现在分词)
我从学校图书馆借的那本小说非常感人。
(2) A nurse ant’s full job is laying eggs. (动名词)
=Laying eggs is a nurse ant’s full job. 保育蚁的专职工作是产卵。
2) 现在分词与动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。现在分词表宾语的动作正在发生或表宾语的性质特征，强调动作的部分过程；动词不定式作宾补表宾语动作的全过程，不强调动作正在发生。例如：
(1) I find Lily watching TV in her room.(现在分词)
我发现莉莉在她房间里看电视。
(2) He felt the story you told very inspiring.（现在分词)
他觉得你讲的故事很鼓舞人。
(3) The teacher tell us to practice speaking English every day.（动词不定式）
老师嘱咐我们每天练习说英语。
二、巩固提高
I. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. “We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed, stared seriously
B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared
D. discussed, stared
( ) 2.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
( ) 3. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing
B. Having written
C. Written
D. Being written
( ) 4.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright
B. frightening
C. frightened
D. frighten
( ) 5.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked
B. mark
C. to mark
D. marking
( ) 6.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce
B. announcing
C. announced
D. to announce
( ) 7.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing
B. singing
C. sung
D. to sing
( ) 8.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heard
B. hearing
C. hear
D. to hear
( ) 9.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect
B. to collect
C. collected
D. collecting
( )10.The cars in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce
B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing
D. producing, producing
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. If there’s a lot of work ______, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008·上海) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
( ) 2. Something as simple as ______ some cold water may clear your mind or relieve pressure. (2008·上海)
A. to drink
B. drinking
C. to be drinking
D. drunk
( ) 3. Ideally _____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park is a favourite with many guests. (2008·上海)
A. locating
B. being located
C. having been located
D. located
四、现在分词的完成时和被动式的用法
1、用法特点：
1）现在分词的完成式。现在分词完成式的结构是having + past participle, 它常用作状语，表示动作发生在主句谓语之前，或强调动作持续一段时间后，谓语动词才会发生，先后关系较为明显。例如：
(1) Having finished doing his homework, the child went out for playing football.
那孩子做完家庭作业后才出去踢足球。
(2) Having seen the answer to the problem, I thought of the way of solving it.
见到题目的答案，我才想起解题的方法。
2) 现在分词的被动式。现在分词被动式的结构有两种形式：一是一般式的被动式，其结构为being + past participle；二是完成式的被动式，其结构为having been + past participle。一般式表正在发生的被动行为，完成时表已经完成的被动行为。现在分词的被动式常作定语或状语，它们都与主语存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
(1) The building being built now is our new library. (一般式被动式作定语)
正在修建的那座楼房是我们的新图书馆。
(2) Having been beaten, the girl was black and blue all over.(完成式被动式作状语)
女孩挨打后，全身青一块紫一块。
2、语法关系：现在分词的完成时或被动式，无论作定语还是状语都可换成相应的定语从句或状语从句。例如：
1) The bike being repaired in the repair shop is Li Hua’s. (作定语)
=The bike which is being repaired in the repair shop is Li Hua’s. (定语从句)
正在修理店修理的那辆单车是李华的。
2) Having read English for half an hour, the student stopped to have a rest.（作状语）
=After he had read English for half an hour, the student stopped to have a rest. (状语从句)
那位学生读了半小时的英语后，停下来休息了一会儿。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. The baby is being fed with milk. It was born last month. (合并为现在分词作定语)
__________________________________________________________________________. 2. After she had read the instructions, the woman started to take medicine. (将划线部分改为分词)
__________________________________________________________________________. 3. The patient having been operated on recovered well. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________. 4. Having had his supper, the old man went out for walk. (将划线部分改为状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________. 5. The problem ___________ (put ) forward to at the meeting now is very difficult to deal with. (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
II. Complete the sentences, using the present participle.
The house _________________________ (在改建的) at present was set up fifty years ago.
The recorder _________________________(已卖出去的) was made in Japan.
____________________________________(进行大量的研究后), the scientist set out to write his research paper.
With his injured leg _______________ (在治疗), he had to lie on the bed.
__________________________ (作完报告后)，the professor from Shanghai International Studies University left the meeting place.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1．The meeting this evening is of great importance．
A．holding B．held C．to hold D．to be held
( ) 2. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers．
A．to solving；making B．to solving；made C．to solve；making D．to solve；made
( ) 3．The computer centre，last year，is very popular among the students in this schoo1．A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
( ) 4．The man on now is my brother．
A．to be operated B．being operated C．operated D．been operated ( ) 5．The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign 1anguage came out in the
16th century．
A．have written B．to be written C．being written D．written
( ) 6．The 0lympic Games，in 776 B．C，did not include women players until 1912．A．first played B．to be first played
C．first playing D．to be first playing
( ) 7. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ．
A．20 dollars remained B．20 dollars to remain
C．remained 20 dollars D．remaining 20 dollars
( )8. With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. lost
D. has lost
( ) 9. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown
B. Showing
C. Has shown
D. Having been shown ( )10. He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. ___ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008·福建)
A. Waiting
B. To wait
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
( ) 2. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _____at the end of last March. (2007·山东)
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
( ) 3. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.（2005·上海）
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
五、过去分词作状语和定语的用法
1、用法特点：过去分词无论作状语还是作定语，都表被动、表完成，偶尔表状态。
1）状语。过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件，与句子主语有逻辑上的被动主谓关系，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。这时的过去分词既可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如：
(1) Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. ( 表时间)
当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
(2) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (表原因)
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
(3) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (表条件)
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
(4) Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. (表让步)
尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
(5) He stood there silently, moved to tears. （作方式或伴随）
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
2）定语。过去分词作定语，单个的放在被修饰词之前，短语放在被修饰词之后，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
(1) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
(2) Who were the so-called guests invited to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
2、语法关系：
1）当过去分词作时间、原因、条件和让步状语时，分别可换成相应的时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。例如以上的5句分别可改为：
(1) Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. ( 表时间)
=When he was asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty.(时间状语从句)
当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
(2) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (表原因)
=As he was in a heavy rain, he was all wet.(原因状语从句)
因为他淋了一场大雨，所以全身湿透了。
(3) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (表条件)
=If they are grown in rich sail, these seeds can grow fast.(条件状语从句)
如果这些种子种在肥沃的土壤里，它们就能长得很快。
(4) Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. (表让步)
=Although he was defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.
尽管他再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
2) 当过去分词作定语时，不管是单个的还是短语都可换成相应的定语从句。例如以上的两句分别可改为：
(1) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
=The workers who were injured are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
(2) Who were the so-called guests invited to your party last night?
=Who were the so-called guests who had been invited to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe.(将划线部分改为状语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________.
3. If it had been given better attention, the accident could have been avoided.( 将划线部分改为分词短语)
__________________________________________________________________________.
4. The broken glass is my roommate, Hong Hong’s.( 将划线部分改为定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________.
5. If we are compared with you, we still have a long way to go. (将划线部分改为分词短语)
__________________________________________________________________________. II. Complete the sentences, using the past participle..
Autumn comes near. There are ___________________________ (落叶) on the ground.
The pupil ________________________________________ (被带到老师办公室的) is only nine years old this year.
The old man went into the room, _________________________( 后面跟着一条狗).
_________________________ (如果多浇点水), these cabbages could have grown better.
_________________________ (当被孤独地留在房间里时), the baby began to cry.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1.The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed
B. disappointing
C. being disappointed
D. disappoint
( ) 2.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use
B. used
C. using
D. to use
( ) 3. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know
B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not
D. Not known
( ) 4.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving
B. moved
C. moving
D. to be moved
( ) 5.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. coming
( ) 6.______ the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown
B. Showing
C. Has shown
D. Having been shown
( ) 7.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
( ) 8.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow
B. following
C. followed
D. being followed
( ) 9.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live
B. to live
C. lived
D. living
( )10.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. understood
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.（2005·上海）
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been taken ( ) 2. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （2004·上海）
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
( ) 3. The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （2004·江苏）
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
六、过去分词作表语和宾语补足语的用法
1、用法特征：
1) 表语。过去分词作表语常表主语的状态或所具备的特征，其功能相当于形容词，其前可用quite, much, very等程度副词加以修饰。过去分词除作be动词的表语外，还可作appear, feel, remain, seem, look和get的表语。get 的常见的搭配有：get dressed/ hurt/ separated/ changed/ damaged/ burnt/ lost/ married/ drunk/ divorced等。例如：
(1) Our classroom is crowded. 我们的教室很拥挤。
(2) He told me that his father was dead drunk last night.
他告诉我他爸爸昨晚喝得烂醉的。
(3) Last month I got lost on the way to the county seat.
上个月，我在去县城的路上迷路了。
(4) I remained very tired though I had a rest. 尽管我休息了一下，但我仍然很疲劳。
(5) Children looked puzzled. 孩子们看起来迷惑不解。
2) 宾补。过去分词作宾语补足语一般都来自及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。英语中，带过去分词作宾补的动词不多，常见的如下：keep, leave, have, make, watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find, want, wish, like, expect, order等。例如：
(1) Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
(2) The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。
(3) When we got to school, we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
(4) I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
2、语法关系：
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。过去分词作表语与系动词被称作为“系表结构”，表主语的状态、特征，可用程度副词加以修饰，其功能相当于形容词，而被动语态则强调被动的动作，其后可带by引进动作执行者，不能用程度副词加以修饰。例如：
(1) All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（过去分词）
(2) He felt thoroughly broken down. 他觉得身体彻底垮了。（过去分词）
(3) The door was locked by our monitor. 门是咱们班长锁的。（被动语态）
(4) My desk and your desk are damaged by someone.（被动语态）
你的课桌和我的课桌都被人损坏了。
二、巩固提高
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given.
1. Hurry to turn off the gas. Your rice has got ____________. (burn)
2. We have had our recorder ____________. (fix)
3. The sergeant ordered the robber ____________ (take) to the police station.
4. I felt very ____________ (tire) after I had hiked a long time.
5. I found my door ____________ (unlock) when I went home.
II. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese meanings.
Her elder brother really got ____________ (醉了)，didn’t he?
I arrived at the school gate, only to find my purse ____________ (被偷了)
When we heard his moving story, we were all very ____________. (受鼓舞)
These children got ____________ (分开了) in the noisy street.
We were ____________ (感动得) to tears when we saw the flood victims.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle
B. settled
C. to settle
D. settling
( ) 2.The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling
B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen
D. covering, fallen
( ) 3.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn
B. learn
C. learned
D. learning
( ) 4.The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
( ) 5.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget
B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting
D. learning, forgetting
( ) 6. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce
B. Being produced
C. Produced
D. Having produced
( ) 7.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to
B. going to
C. leading to
D. turning to
( ) 8.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider
B. considering
C. considered
D. be considered
( ) 9. many times, he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He having been told
D. telling
( )10.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square kilometers.
A. to cover
B. covered
C. covers
D. covering
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.(2007·福建)
A. improved
B. improving
C. to improve
D. improve
( ) 2. Due to the heavy rain and flooding , ten million people have been forced _____their homes. (2008·上海春)
A. leaving
B. to leave
C. to be left
D. being left
( ) 3. Throughout history, the language _____ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. (2008·上海春)
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. to speak
D. to be spoken
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home
-ing分词用法归纳 1. -ing分词概述 -ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成，与动词的现在分词形式一致。 -ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表： 2. -ing分词的意义 (1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。 They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。 (2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时，表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后； He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。 He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。 Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了，让她一个人在那儿哭。 (3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如： Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗？ I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管他对我们不友好，我对帮助他还是不后悔。 (4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如： I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。 (5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如： Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。 (6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如： Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信，他决定再给她写封信。 (7) -ing分词的主动形式，表明逻辑主语所动作的发出者；过去分词表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如： Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看，就会发现这座城市很美。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去，这座城市看起来很美。 (8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如： Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做，他去请求老师的帮助。 Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白，他又去向老师询问这件事。 3. -ing分词的句法功能
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
ing分词的用法 专题四：1、-ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do 为例）：一般式完成式主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：not knowing his address, i could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。his not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式：-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式：-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：the question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/
意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：
高中英语现在分词的用法 1）- ing分词（短语）作主语： 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如： It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如： Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2）-ing 分词（短语）作宾语： 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.
英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之前，作前置定语。例如： What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert．演奏会上，很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时，也可作后置定语。例如： Make sentences with the words given ．用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时，要放在被修饰代词之后，作后置定语。例如： Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing ． 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如： Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red ．(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red ．) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“感到……的”意思。例如： The match was very disappointing ． 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed ． 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make
一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语： (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.） (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging. 注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件） He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随） An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果） The meeting over, they all went home. （时间） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果） The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随） Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。 Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving. （三）现分在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六）现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one. （七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. 过去分词的用法 一．1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. (1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. (2) He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. (3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 过去分词作表语 【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意
义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例： 表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
-ED分词 -ED分词 -ED分词（-ED Participle）即传统语法所指的“过去分词”（Past Participle）, 是非限定动词之一。 -ED分词有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED 构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。 一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别 虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义；-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。 1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态 The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much. The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted. 2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 1) Having been served lunch，_________ . ［A］the problem was discussed by the members of the committee ［B］the committee members discussed the problem ［C］it was discussed by the committee members the problem ［D］a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research，Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health. [A] She is noted primarily [B] Noted primarily [C] Primarily is noted [D] She primarily noted (B) 3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today，___________ . ［A］a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez ［B］Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays ［C］a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written ［D］there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时，①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；