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现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法
现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法

现在分词(Present Participle )(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又

分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。

☆现在分词的两个基本特点:

1. 。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,

risi ng sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country —个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,rise n sun 升起的太阳)

2. 在语态上表示主动。例如:the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥

削阶级。(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)

':构成形式

doing 现在分词表示主动的,或进行的动作

?:时态与语态

三:否定式:

所有否定式都是在—ing前面加not

1)现在分词的时态:现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念,其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。

A)现在分词的一般式:doing

表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时,分词的动作正在发

生过程中。

女口: Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.

She smelt something burning.(smelt 发生在 burning 的过程中。)

她闻到有东西烧焦了。

She sat on the chair, readi ng a no vel.

B)现在分词的完成式:havi ng do ne

表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest.

Not havi ng received his letter, we all felt worried.

2)现在分词的语态:

现在分词用主动还是被动,决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者,用主动。反之,用被动。

(完整版)ing分词用法归纳

-ing分词用法归纳 1. -ing分词概述 -ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成,与动词的现在分词形式一致。 -ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式;一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表: 2. -ing分词的意义 (1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如: He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。 They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。 (2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时,表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后; He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。 He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。 Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了,让她一个人在那儿哭。 (3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如: Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗? I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管他对我们不友好,我对帮助他还是不后悔。 (4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后,动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如: I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。 (5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时,没有时间意义。如: Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。 (6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如: Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信,他决定再给她写封信。 (7) -ing分词的主动形式,表明逻辑主语所动作的发出者;过去分词表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如: Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看,就会发现这座城市很美。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去,这座城市看起来很美。 (8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如: Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做,他去请求老师的帮助。 Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白,他又去向老师询问这件事。 3. -ing分词的句法功能

现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法 现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。 ☆现在分词的两个基本特点: 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳) 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。(试 比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 三:否定式: 所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not 1)现在分词的时态:现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念,其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A)现在分词的一般式:doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时,分词的动作正在发生过程中。 女口:Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.(smelt 发生在burning 的过程中。) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, reading a novel. B)现在分词的完成式:having done 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2)现在分词的语态: 现在分词用主动还是被动,决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者,用主动。 反之,用被动。 如: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.(the man是sitting的逻辑主语,而且是分词动作的执行者,故分词用主动。) I found the car being washed.

come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比

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动词-ed分词的用法讲解

动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词(相当于被动语),在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如: Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的(它是被打坏的)。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。 如:The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 (excited people 被激动了的人) We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。(被资质认证过的老师,或经过资质认证的老师。)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如: Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如: The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。 3)过去分词做状语: -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如: Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市

最新现在分词用法总结

现在分词 一、基础知识: 现在分词(也叫动名词):表示主动和进行。 基本形式:doing 否定式:not doing 被动式:being done 完成式:having done 二、具体用法: 1.动名词作主语和宾语: (1)把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作,可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. (2)可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面,再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面,这种用法常用于以下句式: ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意:动名词作主语时,其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰,即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. (3)动名词作宾语分为两种情况:动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有: avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,常见的有: A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别,后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为,后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home

高中现在分词的用法

高中英语现在分词的用法 1)- ing分词(短语)作主语: 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如: 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. (谚)空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有:no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如: It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如: Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2)-ing 分词(短语)作宾语: 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.

英语分词的用法

英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种:现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词,并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰名词之前,作前置定语。例如: What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert.演奏会上,很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时,也可作后置定语。例如: Make sentences with the words given .用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时,要放在被修饰代词之后,作后置定语。例如: Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing . 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时,要放在被修饰名词之后,作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如: Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red .(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red .) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语,相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征,含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态,含有“感到……的”意思。例如: The match was very disappointing . 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed . 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语,宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see,hear, watch,notice,feel,find等感官动词或have,get,make

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语,在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法,以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生,强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动,表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中,分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式,即-ing与-ed。一般情况下,从时态和语态两种角度来讲,现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义,我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析: 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看,现在分词表示主动含义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次,从时态角度看,现在分词一般表示进行的动作,相当于一个进行时态;此外,它还可以表示一般的动作,相当于一个一般的时态。综上,现在分词的意

义有两种:主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看,过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义,即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义,如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动,如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低,常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词,表达被动含义。其次,从时态角度看,过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义,相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则:其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例: 表条件:Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴,分则亡) 表时间:Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因:Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随:Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步:Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果:I went home, finding the door locked.

初中英语现在分词用法总结

初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识: 现在分词(也叫动名词):表示主动和进行。 基本形式:doing 否定式:not doing 被动式:being done 完成式:having done 二、具体用法: 1.动名词作主语和宾语: (1)把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作,可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. (2)可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面,再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面,这种用法常用于以下句式: ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/

意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意:动名词作主语时,其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰,即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. (3)动名词作宾语分为两种情况:动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有: avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,常见的有:

现在分词用法讲解

一、现在分词:在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语:表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语: (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态:The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. (比较:The factory being built now is a big one.) (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征:This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开:Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语:This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语:表示主动的、进行的状态,其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是,需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语:Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语:Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while:While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语:Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语:Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语:He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语:He sat by the desk, begging. 注意:The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点:①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语:Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补:表示主动的、进行的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系:We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行:a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构(Absolute Phrase)由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. (原因)Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. (条件) He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. (伴随) An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. (结果) The meeting over, they all went home. (时间) Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. (结果) The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. (伴随) Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. (目的)

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法 一、构成:规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的,不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点:过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点:1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法: 1.作表语:过去分词作表语时,一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如:(1)The cup is broken.(2)He is retired. (3)After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时,已经变成形容词性质,主要表示主语的状态(被动完成),而被动语态则表示动作. 例如:(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2)The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用 -ing 形式来修饰物,表示“令人……” 例如:The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.

1)单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语。 例如:We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2)过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如:The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如:The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情,面貌,举止行为以及感觉等,这时不能用v-ing形式 例如:The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1)时间状语:A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时,一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如:Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时,通常既表被动又表完成,可用after从句代替,也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如:Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting.

牛津版 第17讲 分词用法详解

授课日期时间主题分词用法详解 学习目标1. 掌握现在分词的不同形式和含义; 2. 掌握现在分词和过去分词作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的差别; 教学内容 1、上次课后巩固作业复习; 2、互动探索。 教学建议: 1. 此环节设计时间在15分钟。 2. 下面是李白-静夜思的两种翻译版本,对比他们在表达上有什么不一样的地方? 3. 通过让学生对比讨论,关注两种版本在表达上的不同,引出本次课的主题,分词的运用。 4. 译文如下: In the Quiet Night So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed; Could there have been a frost already? Lifting my head to look, i found that it was moonlight. Sinking back again, i thought suddenly of my home. Night Thoughts In front of my bed the moonlight is very bright. I wonder if that can be frost on the floor? I lift up my head and look at the full moon, the dazzling moon. I dropped my head, and thin of the home of old days. 生词备注:

gleam n. 微光,闪光 frost n. 霜,冰冻 dazzle v. 使……炫目;使……眼花 现在分词和过去分词的用法 【知识梳理1】现在分词的四种形式 现在分词除了一般式之外,还有完成式和被动式,以动词do为例,现在分词的四种形式见下表: doing being done having done having been done 1) doing:主动/进行 eg. a)I hear someone singing an English song in the next room. Last night, I heard someone singing an English song in the next room. b) The man standing on the platform is waving his hand to us. c) They stood by the roadside, begging. doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,与逻辑主语是主动关系。 2) being done:被动/进行 eg. The problem being discussed is very important. The museum being built there will be open to the public next year. being done所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,但与逻辑主语是被动关系。 3) having done:主动/完成 eg. Having done his homework, Tim played chess with his friends. Having cleaned the classroom, I went home. having done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,与逻辑主语是主动关系。 4) having been done:被动/完成 eg. Having been surrounded by the flood for over a week, the villagers lacked food and medicine. Having been shown the library, the visitors were led to the audio-visual lab. having been done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,与逻辑主语是被动关系。 现在分词doing (主动/进 行) being done (被动/进行)

现在分词用法与练习

现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义

二、现在分词的句法功能

1.作定语 单个的现在分词充当前置定语,分词短语充当后置定语。但是,完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。 The swimming boy is my elder brother.正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。 2.作表语 现在分词作表语,用来说明主语的性质和特征,相当于形容词,其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be,get,be,come,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear 等后面。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。The news was disappointing.这个消息令人失望。 【点津】动名词也可以作表语,此时主语和表语是对等关系,可以互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows.(=Cleaning the windows is your task.)你的任务是擦窗户。 3.作补足语 (1) 现在分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,look at, listen to,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 (2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,现在分词可看成是主语补足语。 She was heard singing an English song yesterday.昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。 A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。 (3)with +宾语+v-ing With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 4.作状语 现在分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住:从句和主句的主语必须一致。 (1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时,相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。 ①Be careful when crossing the road.(=Be careful when you are crossing the road.) 过马路时小心点。 ②Having turned off the TV, he began to do his

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