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山东省沂源县燕崖中学中考语法复习素材:中考复习非谓语动词专题

山东省沂源县燕崖中学中考语法复习素材:中考复习非谓语动词专题
山东省沂源县燕崖中学中考语法复习素材:中考复习非谓语动词专题

你须理解的要点:1、什么是非谓语动词;

2、非谓语动词在句子中的用法,即非谓语动词可以当哪种成份(什么语);

3、常用非谓语动词的形式;

4、考试经常考到的某些谓语动词后面把非谓语动词充当宾语、补语的各种习惯用法:到底是to do或do还是doing、done。

前言:动词除了主要在句子中当谓语之外,还可以当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(用于补充说明宾语的,全称宾语补足语),此时的动词统统称为非谓语形式。动词在句子中当谓语时,须详细考虑时态上的问题(过去、现在、将来)、状态问题(一般、进行、完成)、语态问题(主动、被动)等。动词在句子中当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语时,——虽然有时候也得考虑上述项目,但那是高中一级的知识,目前初中阶段只涉及——考虑三种形式:to do (或do,即省略to了的不定式)、doing、done,即不定式、动名词、过去分词。

一、下面只举例常见用法。

当主语:e.g.1、To buy this book took me 100 yuan.

2、Running is good for your health.

★注:不定式当主语时常放到句子后面去,而在原来的位置以形式主语it 来代替。

e.g.To buy this bike took me 100 yuan.——→It took me 100 yuan to buy this book .

当宾语(常考):e.g.3、They decided to buy a new TV. 4、We enjoy talking in English. 当表语:e.g.5、My work is to feed the animals .

当定语:e.g.6、Have you got something to eat ?

Do you know the crying boy ?( 动名词当定语)

当状语:e.g.7、I must go home to get some more money . (目的状语)

8、The man's cutting the big tree (by) using a long knife(方式状语)(by常省略)

当补语(常考):e.g. 9、Mr Wei asked me to go with him .10、Did you make the boy laugh ?

11、We saw a woman running along the road . 12、We had our pictures taken .

二、常考知识点有1、不定式、动名词作宾语,2、不定式、动名词或过去分词作补语。

其它用法,即作主、表、状、则少见。因此须掌握有哪些动词作谓语时,它们的后面常跟何种非谓语动词形式作宾语或补语。例如:enjoy 后只跟doing作宾语;want 后只跟to do 作宾语;start 后既可跟to do 又可跟doing作宾语,而意思一样;forget 后既可跟to do 又可跟doing作宾语但意思不一样……

三、下列动词作谓语时,其后面只跟不定式作宾语或补语。

1>want、need、wish、hope、agree、decide、plan、afford、pretend、mean、manage、choose、refuse等后有第二动词作宾语时,须采用不定式形式。

e.g. I want to take some books to the classroom.

The schoolgirls hope to be policewomen in the future.

Do you think he can afford to buy the digital camara ?

We need to buy some more food for our supper.

2>ask、tell、teach、allow后面跟有第二动词作补语时,须采用不定式形式。

e.g.Mr Green asked Xiao Ming to go with him.

Could you teach me how to play computer games ?

We don't allow them to do like this!

★注1:help 这个动词比较特殊,其后面不定式作宾语或补语既可带to也可以不带to.

e.g. The boy helped her mother (to) feed the animals. (当宾补)

We must help (to) put away the clothes. (当宾语)

(具体地说有to时表示主语不直接参与动作,只是提供条件予以帮助;无to时表示主语直接参与动作。如下:)

e.g. Computers can help us to solve many problems

.电脑帮我们解决很多问题。(电脑只是提供了计算上的便利条件,而解决问题最主要的还是我们自己。)

We help decorade the Chrismas tree. 我们帮忙装饰圣诞树。(我们直接参与一起做) ★注2:但当今英语中help后的不定式当宾/补语时带to或不带to都已经不分得很明显了。★注3:want、need两词后若跟动名词则可表达被动之意:

e.g. The trees want watering in time. 这些树得按时浇水(被浇水)。

The house needs repairing .这房子得修补了(被修补了)。(可用to be repaired代替)★注4:need 在肯定句中当作实义动词,后跟带to的动词不定式作宾语:I need to go by myself. need 在疑问句、否定句中当作情态动词,后跟无to的动词作谓语:I needn' t go any more.

四、下列动词(或动词词组)作谓语时,其后面只跟动名词作宾语,(作补语的比较少见)。enjoy、finish、practise、keep、mind、miss(错过)、give up、put off、keep on、take part in 、make a contribution to 等。

e.g. I enjoy swimming so much.

Have you finished reading the book yet ?

The little boy keeps playing all day.

My father has given up smoking .

五、有些动词的后面既可跟不定式又能跟动名词作宾语,(作补语的比较少见)。

1)后面既能跟不定式又能跟动名词作宾语,且意思基本上一样的,有下列动词:

begin、start、prefer、continue、 e.g. Let's begin to run/ running ,OK?

When shall we continue to go /going on a field trip ?

2)后面既能跟不定式又能跟动名词作宾语,但意思分别不同的,有下列动词:

stop 、go on 、try 、remember、forget 、learn 、regret、find、hate、like等。

e.g.1、Stop writing and listen to me. 不写了,听我说。(停下正在做的事<写>)

We've walked so far, why not stop to have a rest ?

我们都走得这么远了,为何不停下休息一阵子?(停下正在做的<走>,去做另一件事<休息>) 2、Don't stop, we should go on working !我们继续工作。(继续原来做的事)

If you have finished your homework, you can go on to check it out .如果你们已经做完作业,

接下来可以检查作业了。(接着做另外一件事)

3、Since we have been here, we must try to finish our work in time.

我们既然已经来了,就得努力/设法及时完成这项工作。(已着手做事,关键在于想办法做好) Hewant to try finishing the work within a week..

他想试看能否在一周内完成这项工作。(只想尝试一下,成功与否无关紧要)

4、Remenber to turn off the light before you leave.走前记得关灯。(要记住尚没发生的事)

I remember seeing him.我记得见过他。(做过的事记忆犹存)

5、Don't forget to bring your English book to school tomorrow.

别忘了明天带你的英语书来学校。(忘记要去做某事,这个某事的动作尚未发生)

Sorry, I forget (about) saying something to you.

★注:常有about在forget的后面

对不起,我忘了跟你说些什么来着。(忘记了做过的某事,某事的动作已经发生)

6、I regret to tell you that I don't agree with you.

我遗憾地告诉你,我不同意你。(对要做的事<当前动作>表示遗憾)

How I regret helping such a person!

我多么后悔帮了这种人!(对已发生的动作表示后悔)

7、Edison's mother found him to be a good pupil.爱迪生的妈妈发现他是个好学生。(当补语)

We found the man cutting a big tree .我们发现那个人正在砍一棵大树。(当补语)

8、I like swimming a lot.我非常喜欢游泳。(一向以来的爱好或习惯)

I like to swim with you this afternoon.我愿意与你今下午去游泳。(表示当时某一次的选择)

9、My uncle hates smoking .我叔叔厌恶抽烟。(一向厌恶抽烟这件事,不论是谁抽)

My uncle hates to smoke 我叔叔讨厌(不想)抽烟。(讨厌这次自身去<实施这动作>抽烟)

我妹讨厌在别人面前喝可乐。(表示某次的当时有人在,小妹讨厌而不喝,无人时还是想喝的) 六、有些动词作谓语,其后面采用不定式作补语时,常把不定式中的to 省略去。

1)使役动词类:make、let、get等。

e.g. Did the joke make the old man laugh ? After a while, the man let me leave.

2)感官动词类:see、watch、notice(注意)、look at、listen to 、hear、feel、

e.g. We often see the player run . Do you watch Jordan play basketball .

I hear the birds sing in the trees in spring. Didn't you notice the man come up ?

Maybe we can never feel the earth move .

★注1(这是考点):1、以上的谓语动词若改为被动语态时,其后面当补语(宾补)的不定式则必须还给to:

e.g. The man let me leave .——→I was let to leave by the man.

We often see the player run ——→The player is often seen to run by us. They usually hear the boy talk in dream.—→The boy is usually heard to talk in dream by them.

★注2、在第二类中的感官动词后面,补语也可采用动名词doing形式,但意思与有些差别:e.g. We often see the player run 经常看见“跑”

We saw the player running at that time. 看见“正在跑”的过程

I hear the birds sing in the trees in spring. 每年春天常听见“唱”

Listen, can't you hear anything singing in the forest ? 听见“正在唱”的过程★注3:有个归纳法可快速记住以上10个用省略了to的不定式作宾补的那些动词:四看(see、watch、notice、look at) 三使役(make、let、get)

两听(listen to 、hear) 一感觉(feel)

高中英语非谓语动词

语法复习十二:非谓语动词(一)——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书 it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。 (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,

pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street. (5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way. (6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. (7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:I am sorryto have kept you waiting.

中考英语非谓语动词总结

中考英语非谓语动词总结改为(4) Find 一.接动词不定式(to do/ do sth ) like to do sth want to do sth ask sb (not ) to do sth want sb to do sth watch sb do sth tell sb (not ) to do sth help sb (to ) do sth It's time (for sb) to do sth make sb do sth help do sth find it +adj + to do sth decide (not ) to do sth try (not ) to do sth have to do sth It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth try one's best to do sth It takes sb +some time + to do sth plan to do sth invite sb to do sth send sb to do sth be able to do sth forget to do sth seem to do sth 将来) 有事要做have sth to do(让某人做某事疑问词+ to do sth get sb to do sth use sth to do sth need sth to do sth the best way to do sth need to do sth would like to do sth be the first / last one to do sth be useful to do sth be excited /surprised to do sth allow sb to do sth be allowed to do sth take care (not) to do sth It's better to do sth (不)小心做某事 why not do sth ? see sb do sth too…to do sth have enough time to do sth encourage sb to do sth not…enough to do sth be happy/glad/pleased to do sth be careful to do sth It's our duty to do sth be afraid to do sth ……(不能)负担得起做can't afford to do sth used to do sth agree to do sth make a decision to do sth prefer to do sth wait for sb to do sth in order (not ) to do sth offer to do sth Could /Would you please (not) do sth ? be sure to do sth warn sb to do sth There is no need to do sth. 二、接动名词(doing sth ) like doing sth enjoy doing sth be interested in doing sth have fun doing sth look at sb doing sth Thanks sb for doing sth What/How doing sth ? stop sb from doing sth watch sb doing sth practice doing sth mind (one's ) doing sth find sb doing sth

高中英语语法总结-非谓语动词

非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词) 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如: Ittookus two hoursto finish the job. It is impossible for usto get there on time. It is very kind ofyou to help us. 注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 (2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型。试比较:Itis tonegate my ownidea to believe him.(错) To believe himis to negatemyown idea .(对) (3)It is+ adj.of /for sb. todosth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 (1)动词+不定式。如: He managedto escape fromthe fire. I find it hard to getalongwithhim.(it 作形式宾语) 注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want,try, hope, wish,need, forget,know,promise, ref

use, help, decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose, get等 (2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如: I don’tknow what to do next/ howtodo it next. I can’tdecide whentogo there. 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式 宾语。如:I findit necessary tolearn a foreign language. 3、作宾语补足语 (1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如: He warnedmeto becareful. I want you to speak toTom. Whatmakes you think so?(不带to的不定式) 注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise,invite,allo w,help,wish,warn, expect, prefer,encourage (2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+to be 的不定式结构。如: We consider Tom to be one of the best students in ourclass. The bookis believed to be useful.(被动语态) (3) There +不定式。如: We didn’texpect there tobe so manypeople there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意:(1)有些动词需用as短语作补语,像regard, think, believe,take,consider。如: We regardTom asour bestteacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Marytook himasher father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 (2)在动词feel(一感),hear,listen to(二听),have,let, make(三让),notice,see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如: Theysaw theboy fall off thetree. The boywasseen to fall off thetree. (3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him(to)clean the room. I helpedhim (to) find histhings. 4、作定语 不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如: I havea lot of workto do.(动宾关系) Heis looking for a roomto livein.(动状关系) He isthe firstpersonto think of the idea.(主谓关系) Hehas got achance to goabroad.(同位关系) 注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如: Doyou haveanything elseto say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如: I need a pen to write with .(I willwirte withthe pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字) I have a littlebaby to lookafter.(I must look afterthe little baby )(我有一个婴儿要照看)

2020中考英语复习---非谓语动词专项训练含答案

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