苏教版初中英语语法
(2012-10-05 10:03:32)
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中考复习系列一词汇
一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词；
2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文，并了解其词类（词性）；
3、了解构词法的基本知识，并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类，例如：drive – driver, use – useful；
4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；
5、理解词类转化，例如：water (n.) – water (v.)
二、词汇考查点分项说明：
1、掌握大纲词汇表，了解词类
1）大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至册课本中所列的四会单词（即书后单词表中不带任何符号的单词）。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上，了解其词类（词性）。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词，而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。
2）针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词，一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生，但一般无难题，基本属于送分题。出题范围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇，也有可能出现非大纲词汇，但一般为常用词汇，尽管不在大纲中出现，却通常在课文中出现过。
请看以下几道例题：
1. Shanghai is a large c t in China.
2. Adam often helps me a lot. He is my best f nd.
3. I can’t carry the box. It’s too h v .
4. The man is very poor. He had no m n to buy food.
5. ---How often do you play football?
--- Tw a week.
6. My grandparents like growing flowers. They w t the flowers everyday.
7. Summer is the hottest s son in the year.
8. --- Can you sp the word?
--- Yes. T-A-B-L-E, table.
9. He was so excited that he co uldn’t f l asleep last night.
10. Everyone had a good time at the party. It was a p_ _ _ s _ _ _ evening.
( Key 1. city 2. friend 3. heavy 4. money 5. twice 6. water 7. season 8. spell 9. fall 10. pleasant )
3）了解英文的词类：
英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、代词、数词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词、感叹词。
词类英语名称（简称）意义例词
名词Nouns (n.) 表示人、事物时间、John
1) 派生法
在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀，从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
1．常用前缀
转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形，而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化前的意义有密切的联系。
May I have a look ? 我可以看一看吗？（动词转化为名词）
Let him have a try. 让他试试。（动词转化为名词）
Can we book the tickets ahead? 我们能提前定票吗？（名词转化为动词）
The hall can seat thousands of people. 大厅能坐数千人。（名词转化为动词）
She had to busy herself with housework. 她不得不忙于家务活。（形容词转化成动词）You’d better empty the bottle first. 你最好把瓶子先倒空。（名词转化为动词）
It’s necessary to know the difference between right and wrong.
有必要知道对错之间的区别。（形容词转化成名词）
They often help the poor.
他们经常帮助穷人。（形容词转化成名词）
We began to drive north.
我们开始向北行驶。（名词转化成副词）
There were lots of ups and downs in his life.
他的一生中有许多的起起落落。（副词转化成名词）
（三）合成法
把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词，这种构词法成为合成法。
1．合成形容词
He is a white-collar clerk. 他是一名白领职员。
He is an open-minded leader. 他是一名思想开明的领导。
What a kind-hearted girl! 多幺好心的女孩！
This is a good-looking a table. 这是一张好看的桌子。
Taking a taxi is time-saving. 乘坐出租车很省时。
He has heard the heart-breaking news. 他已经听说了这个令人心碎的消息。
It’s dangerous to walk on this ice-covered road.
行走在这条被冰覆盖的路上是很危险的。
How much is the hand-made model? 那个手工制作的模型多少钱？
Chinese people are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。
2．合成名词
This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。
Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗？
Her handwriting is much better than mine. 她的书法比我的要好得多。
The waiting-room is quite crowded. 候车室里相当拥挤。
The water in the swimming-pool is clear, like a blue mirror.
游泳池里的水很清澈，像一面镜子。
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
He plants lots of flowers in his green-house. 他在温室里种了许多花。
They are playing games on the playground. 他们在操场上做游戏。
The get-together will begin at 8:00 pm. 联欢会将于晚上八点开始。
He is my brother-in-law. 他是我的姐夫。
I’m not a good-for-nothing. 我并不是一个无用之人。
The plant is called forget-me-not. 这种植物叫含羞草。
3．合成动词
Please air-dry the paper. 请将纸风干。
He is undergoing great suffering. 他正在遭受巨大的痛楚.。
It’s hard to white-wash the huge wall. 粉刷这面大墙是很难的。
The man was blacklisted. 这个人被列入了黑名单。
4．合成副词
She lives downstairs. 她住在楼下。
If you look eastwards, you can see the sea. 如果你往东看，能够看到大海。
3、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；
1）初中阶段比较常见的短语：
同学们应该根据自己手头的现行教材，将1至6册中出现过的常见短语进行归纳总结，对于其中比较容易混淆的短语要弄清楚它们之间的区别。
2）初中阶段比较常见的习语有：
1. too… to
2. so.. that…
3. It’s time for sb. to do sth.
4. b oth…. and..
5. either…or…
6. neither… nor…
7. not… until…
8. not only… but also…
9. as… as…
10. not as (so)… as…
11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
12. It’s good (bad) for…
13. as soon as
14. used to do
15. some… others…
16. be angry with…
17. be different from
18. one… the other…
19. take sb. to a place
20. Thank you for doing sth.
21. get ready to do sth.
22. …one of…
23. get on well with …
24. sb. spend… on…
25. buy… for…
26. be interested in…
27. You’d better…
28. ask sb. (not) to do sth.
29. enjoy doing
30. be good at…
4、理解词类转化
在英语中，不少词可以属于几个词类，如water( 水、浇水；名词和动词)；work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快；形容词和副词），since（自从；介词和连词）等。
三、巩固练习
①根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
l. What colour is Ann's skirt? It's r____d.
2.We often play g____mes after school.
3.Put your r____ler and your pen in the pencil-box.
4.My parents work f____ ve days a week.
5.There are a lot of cars and buses in the str____t.
6.Don't open the wind ____ . It's cold outside.
7.How do you usually go to school? By b__ k __.
8.There are a lot of flowers in the g __ d ___.
9.Winter comes after a ___ n.
10. Trees turn gr___n in spring.
11. L__sson One is easy.
12. Can you make a c__ke?
13. This box is small. Give me a b__g one.
14. A d__g is running after a cat.
15. We cl___n the classroom every day.
②根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
1.If you are ill , you must go to h_______ .
2.We all know Beijing is the c_______ of China .
3.D________ ,25th is Christmas Day .
4.We can see s________ at night when it's fine .
5.You can come here b_______ 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow .
6.I hope you have a good time on you j______ .
7.Could you tell me w_______ the nearest post office is ?
③根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.There are two ________in the basket. (egg)
2.This is my pencil. That one is ________. (your)
3.Who is _______, Tom, Mike or Jack ? (tall)
4.We live on the ______ floor. (twenty)
5. I can see three _______ on the desk. (pen)
6. This room is _______. It isn't yours. (our)
7. “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here _______ are.” (your)
8. Lin Lin is the ______ in our class. (young)
9. We live on the _______ floor. (seven)
10. Li Lei is _______ than Lin Tao. (old)
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ river in China. (long)
12.Wei Hua gave me two______ yesterday.(book)
13.That pen isn't yours. It's ______ .(her)
14.The ______ lesson is very easy.(six)
15.John is ______ than Sam.(tall)
16.Can you help ______ with my English? (I)
④根据汉语提示完成句子
1、我用了两个小时修车。
It _______ me two hours _______ _______ the bike.
2、直到妈妈回来时，他才完成作业。
He ______ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.
3、他和我都不是老师。
______ he _______ I am a teacher.
4、他从小就对数学感兴趣。
He became ________ in maths when he was ________.
5、你最好乘火车。
You'd _______ ______ a train.
6、是时候上车了。
It's time to ______ ______ the bus.
7、珠江是中国的第三最长的河流。
Zhujiang river is _______ _________ __________ __________ in China .
三、巩固练习参考答案
①根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。
1. red
2. games
3. ruler
4. five
5. street
6. window
7. bike
8. garden
9. autumn 10. green 11. Lesson 12. cake 13. big 14. dog 15. clean
②根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
1. hospital
2. capital
3. December
4. stars
5. between
6. journey
7. where
③根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. eggs
2. yours
3. the tallest
4. twentieth
5. pens
6. ours
7. you
8. youngest
9. seventh 10. older 11. longest 12. books 13. hers 14. sixth 15. taller 16. me
④根据汉语提示完成句子
1. took, to mend/ repair/ fix
2. didn’t, until
3. Neither, nor
4. interested, young
5. better take
6. get on
7. the third longest
中考复习系列二名词、代词和冠词
一、中考对名词、代词和冠词的知识要求：
对名词的考查主要集中在：
1、正确识别可数名词和不可数名词；
2、掌握可数名词复数形式的构成；
3、正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数特征性；
4、掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。
对代词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；
2、掌握名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；
3、掌握反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；
4、掌握常见不定代词的一般用法；
5、掌握指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；
6、掌握疑问代词的基本用法。
中考对冠词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的基本使用规则和常见习惯用法：
2
3）、常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。
（二）名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系，意思为“…的”。名词所有格的构成方法是：
1、在名词后加“ 's”。如：Lily’s, Mary’s等。
2、以-s或-es 结尾的复数名词只加“’”，如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s 结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day。
3、表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加“’s”。若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加“’s”，如：
Lily and Lucy’s computer. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。（两人共有），
lily’s and Lucy’s computers. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。（并不共有），
4）、名词所有格可以用来表示地点。
如：my uncle's 我叔叔家。
5）、表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of +名词”的结构来表示。如：如：the end of the year 岁末，the colour of the flower 花的颜色
三、代词考察点分项说明：
代词是为了避免重复而用来代替该词的词。英语是一种不喜欢重复的语言，当文中第二次提到同一个名词时，一般都要用相应的代词来代替。
英语代词可分为八大类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、和连接代词八种。
（一）人称代词、物主代词和反身代词：（见下表）
代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。
3
（二）、
（三）、常见不定代词的一般用法：
1、由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，如果有形容词修饰，该形容词必须后置。There is nothing wrong with the radio.这收音机没有毛病。
I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情告诉你。
2、both / all / none
all的意思是“全体”，“所有”可代表或修饰三个以上的人或物;both指“两者都”; none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of。
3、every / each
every＋单数名词“每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。
4、both / either / neither
both “（两者）都” ,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。
either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。
neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。
5. another / the other / the others/ others
another +单数名词, “另一个”
one … the other “一个……，另一个……”
the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）
others “别人”
（四）指示代词的一般用法：
表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等，指示意义的代词称为指示代词。指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等。
1、This, that, these those的用法：
This(these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，these是this的复数形式；that(those)常指在时间或空间上较远的事物，those是that的复数形式。
2、such和same的用法：
such常在句中作主语、定语和表语，表示“这样”。same可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意为“同样的”，same前必须加定冠词the。
I have never seen such a good place.我从未见过这么好的地方。
I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的那样的故事。
We are in the same factory. 我们在同一家工厂。
I’ll do the same as you.我将与你做同样的事情。
（五）疑问代词的基本用法：
疑问代词是指5个“wh”,：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）,what（什么）, which 哪个）
1、who在句中通常用作主语和表语，whom作宾语。在口语中，常用who代替whom，但是若前面有介词，还是用whom.
Who is the girl in red? 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁？
Whom are you waiting for? 你们在等谁？
With whom did they play basketball? 他们和谁一起打篮球？
2、which常表示在一定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制，如：
Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke? 橘汁和可乐，你喜欢哪个？
Which of them come from Canada? 他们中谁来自加拿大？
What do you like to do in your spare time? 你在业余时间都做什么？
四、冠词考察点分项说明：
在英语中，有一类词是汉语中没有的，那就是冠词。冠词常位于名词之前，用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义。冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须与名词连用，置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）与冠词（the）两种。
而定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
（一）、不定冠词
不定冠词主用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”或“一类。”
1、a用于以辅音“音素”开头的单数可数名词前。
2、在月份、星期及morning, afternoon, evening, night, day等名词前有修饰词时，一律用a。Smith arrived in Beijing on a rainy day. 史密斯在一个下雨天到达了北京。
He died in a cold February. 他死于寒冷的二月。
3、不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前。
如：an apple, an hour, an honest boy, an English car.
注意：a useful dictionary
（二）定冠词
定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
定冠词的常见用法有：
1、用来指独一无二的物体：
The sun rose at six o'clock. 太阳在六点升起。
2、用于再次提及的名词前。
There is a cow under the tree. The cow is yellow.树下有一头牛，牛是黄色的。
3、用来指说话者双方心目中都知道的特定的人或事物。
This is the book you wanted. 这就是你要的那本书。
4、用于单数可数名词前，泛指一类。
The horse is an animal.马是动物。
5、用于序数词前、表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如：the first, the best , in the south等
6、在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
布朗一家人今年夏天将要去上海渡假。
五、巩固练习
（一）选择填空
1. Does Mr. Brown like Chinese .
A. food
B. foods
C. any food
D. some food
2. There a dictionary and two notebooks on the desk.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
3. The old man has two .
A. son-in-law
B. sons-in-law
C. son-in-laws
D. sons-in-laws
4. We should keep clean.
A. toothes
B. tooths
C. our tooths
D. our teeth
5. Lucy has been to many times this year.
A. his uncle
B. his uncles
C. uncle’s
D. her uncle’s
6. didn’t visit the farm.
A. One of the boy
B. One of the boys
C. One of boy
D. One of boys
7. No news good news.
A. is
B. seems
C. are
D. has
8. This is table.
A. his teacher’s Mary’s
B. his teacher, Mary’s
C. his teacher’s Mary
D. his teacher, Mary
9. After climbing 2 hours, we had rest.
A. a few minute’s
B. few minutes
C. a few minutes’
D. few minutes
⒈ by train.
⒉ Huanghe River
⒊ for while
⒋ go out for walk
⒌ at foot of
⒍ half hour
⒎ Mr. Smith came here just now
⒏ There is old man in the village. Old man is seventy.
⒐ earth turns round sun.
⒑ We often have lunch at home.
⒒ I wish you happy life.
⒓ harder you study, better you get the marks.
⒔ man with book in his hand is our new class teacher. ⒕ It was raining again! What day!
⒖ Who is going to take place of Mr. Smith next term ?
六、巩固练习参考答案
（一）选择填空
1 A 2A 3 B 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C
（二）、用适当的代词填空
1. either, another
2. what
3. both; all
4. yourselves
5. any
6. each other
7. any other; any of the other
8. none, all
（三）、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“×”表示）
1. ×
2. the
3. a
4. a
5. the
6. an
7. A
8. an, The
9. The, the 10. ×
11. a 12. The, the 13. The, a 14. a 15. the
中考复习系列三数词、形容词和副词
一、中考对数词和形容词知识要求：
中考对数词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握1-100的基数词和序数词的构成及其主要用法；
2、掌握年、月、日、时的基本表达方式及其与之相应的介词搭配；
3、掌握日常交际活动中涉及到的数字的表达方法；
4、了解数词的某些特殊用法。
中考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在：
1、掌握比较级和最高级的一般构成规则；
2、掌握比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式；
3、掌握比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法；
4、掌握形容词做表语和定语的用法；
5、掌握常用副词在句中的位置，并了解其意义。
二、数词考察点分项说明：
数词分为基数词和序数词两类，表示数量多少的数词是基数词，如one（一），two（二），seven（七）等，表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词，如the first（第一），the second（第二），the seventh（第七）。
在对数词进行复习的时候，同学们首先要会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的时间表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题。
（一）、序数词一般由基数词加-th构成，100以内的基本的序数词如下：
（二）、序数词的构成及用法：
1、以下几个序数词较为特殊：
first（第一）second（第二）third（第三）fifth（第五）
eighth（第八）ninth（第九）twelfth（第十二）
2、以-ty结尾的基数词变为序数词的构成方法是：先将十位整数的基数词尾的-ty变成-ti，然后再加-eth.
如：twenty twentieth （第二十）
eighty eightieth （第八十）
3、基数词“几十几”变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词，十位不变。
如：thirty-two thirty-second （第三十二）
seventy-five seventy-fifth （第七十五）
4、序数词的缩写形式，在阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。
如：fifth 5th second 2nd
5、序数词前通常要用定冠词the。
6、hundred, thousand, million, billion等词在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式，前面不能加具体的数字。
如：three hundred seats 三百个座位
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of 数百万的billions of数十亿的
（三）与数词有关的时间表达法：
1、钟点表示法：
①顺读法
如：1:15 one fifteen 3:30 three thirty
②倒读法(用past / to表示)
如：1:15 a quarter past one
3:30 half past three
7:56 four to eight
③表示钟点只用基数词，并且钟点前用介词at。
2、日期表示法：
①英语中日期的排列顺序是：星期、月、日、年
如：2003年3月17日，星期一
Monday, March the 17th, 2003.
②在具体某一天前用介词on
3、世纪、年代表示法
（在）90年代(in) the nineties
（在）19世纪(in) the nineteenth century
（在）18世纪30年代(in) 1730s或1730’s
（四）、基数词常和一些计量类名词“单数”用“一”连在一起，构成复合形容词，修饰名词。如： a twelve-year-old boy 一个十二岁的男孩 a five-mile race 一次五英里的赛跑三、形容词和副词考察点分项说明：
形容词用于修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词，又可修饰形容词，其它副词，甚至整个句子。
（一）形容词和副词级的变化：
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：
原级：
比较级：比较...，更...一些
最高级：最...
原级的用法：
①肯定句型：
as + 形容词（副词）原级+ as …意思是“与……一样”
The boy is as clever as his brother. 这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。Lucy writes as carefully as Lily. 露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型：
not so/as + 形容词（副词）原级+as…意思是“不如……“
Monkeys are not as strong as elephants. 猴子不如大象强壮。
He is not so good a man as you. 他没有你好。
比较级的用法：
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is more beautiful than that one. 这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much, even, still, any, far, four times, a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The room is a little brighter than that one. 这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级意思是“越来越…...”
It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级，the+比较级意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder you study, the faster you make progress.你学习越努力，进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any other+单数名词. 意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”（这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。）
He is more stupid than any other student in his class.在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。
或用从句修饰的句子中。
在所有这些表中这块最贵。
的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
这个公园是北京第三大公园。
……之一”
America is one of the richest countries in the world.美国是世界上最富有的国家之一。
One of the most beautiful places in Beijing is the Summer Palace.
，而副词最高级前可省略。
大象是这个动物园里最重的动物。
所有学生中她来得最早。
、时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般置于句末。
They met in China last year. 他们去年在中国见面了。
It’s raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。
The students are reading English loudly. 学生们在大声朗读英语。
2、强调时间时，时间副词可置于句首。
Last year they met in China.
3、时间副词和地点副词前一定不要加介词。
She is on her way home. 她正在回家的路上。
4、频度副词在句中的位置有两种：
（1）实义动词之前：
I usually play football on Friday afternoon.我通常周五下午踢足球。
I seldom watch TV.我很少看电视。
（2）be动词、情态动词和第一助动词之后
Mr. Green is always busy.格林先生一直很忙。
I have never seen him before.以前我从未见过他。
四、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
A. Two-third
B. Second-third
C. Two-thirds
D. Second-thirds
2. Where are they going to have the meeting? In .
A. 204 Room
B. Room 204
C. the room 204
D. the Room 204
3. What is the time? It’s (4:25).
A. four twenty-five
B. four past twenty-five
C. twenty-five to four
D. four twenty five
4. Please give us .
A. two glasses of waters
B. two glass of water
C. two glasses water
D. two glasses of water
season is spring.
C. fourth, one
D. four, first
B. two month and a half
D. two months and half
C. four box oranges
D. four boxes of oranges
11. I don’t feel very today.
A. good
B. better
C. nice
D. well
12. He didn’t go there with me, she didn’t.
A. too
B. either
C. neither
D. also
13. Our hall is theirs.
A. twice as large as
B. twice so large as
C. as twice large as
D. twice more than
14. John did in the exam, Tom did even .
A. bad, worse
B. more bad, more worse
C. badly, worst
D. badly, worse
15. Your mother won’t be angry with you, will she? I hope.
A. so
B. it
C. not
D. no
16. The villagers had rain this year than last year.
A. less
B. least
C. little
D. lesser
17. She is than Mary.
A. older two years
B. old two years
C. two years old
D. two years older
18. He says that he will pay a price for the house.
A. tall
B. taller
C. high
D. highest
19. They have held three meetings this week .
A. alone
B. lonely
C. ever
D. just
20. How do you go to the South Lake?
A. often
B. long
C. soon
D. fast
21. This is really a news.
A. surpring
B. surprised
C. be surprised
D. surprise
22. Don’t make noise. Please keep.
A. quite
B. quietly
C. quiet
D. more quietly
B. a round old black wood table
D. a round black wood old table
money and people?
money to buy the colour TV set?
29. He spoke fast that we could understand him.
A. too, not hardly
B. so, not hardly
C. too, hardly
D. so, hardly
30. I didn’t go, I went .
A. anywhere, upstairs
B. nowhere, to upstairs
C. to somewhere, upstairs
D. to anywhere, upstairs
二、改错（下列各句中有一处有误，请找出错误处，将其序号填入题前括号内并改正。）( ) 1. He doesn’t feel like anything. Please give him delicious something to eat.
A B C D
( ) 2. I found a quite big mouse in the kitchen the day before yesterday.
A B C D
( ) 3. He plans to stay here for another more week.
A B C D
( ) 4. Paris is the most beautiful than any other city in the world.
A B C D
( ) 5. Is it more difficult to learn Chinese than learning Japanese?
A B C D
( ) 6. Her older brother is two years older than she.
A B C D
( ) 7. The population of Henan is larger than Hunan.
A B C D
( ) 8. Tom got here earlier about ten minutes them his brother.
A B C D
( ) 9. I’m taller of the two boys.
A B C D
( ) 10. Are your trousers so new as hers?
A B C D
五、巩固练习答案
一、单项选择
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. D 10. D
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. D
26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A
二、改错
1. C，改为something delicious
2. B，改为quite a或者a very
3. D，改为one more week或者another week
4. A，改为more
5. D，改为to learn
6. A，改为Her elder brother
7. D，改为than that of Hunan
8. B，改为about ten minutes earlier
9. B，改为the taller
10. C，改为as
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？
五种趣味方法帮你搞定初中英语语法 死记硬背英语语法，往往效果不佳。只会让学生失去兴趣，更加抵触。初中科目比小学多了很多，合理分配时间高效学习才是硬道理。下面就教大家几个初中英语语法的趣味学习方法。 解题： 无趣是因为众多语法现象、晦涩的语法术语、冗长的规则表述太过繁琐复杂，无法激起兴趣；无味是因为一些传统英语教学过重强调单纯的语法输入，脱离情境枯燥无味。 支招： 这几种学语法方法很有趣 ●顺口溜法 用中文把分散的语法现象编成顺口溜、歌谣等。如，不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，如果分散记忆，很难记全记牢，可以这样处理： 第一步：分类汇总。把几个不规则的词按规律汇总： good/well-better-best；bad(ill)/badly-worse-worst；many/much-more-most；few-fewer-fewest，little-less-least；old-older(elder)-oldest(eldest)；far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 第二步：找规律。good和well，一对形容词和副词，比较级和最高级是一样的，它们的反义词bad，badly比较级和最高级也是一样的；many和much，意思一样，一个修饰可数名词，一个修饰不可数名词，但它们的比较级和最高级是一样的，它们的反义词分别是few和little，它们的比较级和最高级不一样，一个规则另一个不规则，为什么把规则的few 也放在一起呢？主要是为了对比记忆。至于old和far，分别有两个形似意不同的比较级和最高级。 第三步：创新总结。用中文编个简单的顺口溜把这些不规则形容词和副词“一网打尽”：好好坏坏，多多少少，老远老远。详见下表： good-better-best好well-better-best好 bad-worse-worst坏badly-worse-worst坏 many-more-most多much-more-most多
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
一、选择题 1．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 2．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 3．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 4．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 5．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．6．There________some water in the bottle. A．is B．am C．are D．be 7．—Kate, I will go to the Guangzhou Zoo next week, because I will have a ________ holiday —You mean you can have ________ off? Oh, that’s great! A．three-day; three days B．three- day; three days’ C．three days’; three-day D．three days; three days 8．—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join? —He can join the ______ club. A．sport B．music C．sports D．swimming 9．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 10．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 11．_______mother usually cooks for_______ at the weekend. A．Lily and Nick; their B．Lily's and Nick's; them C．Lily and Nick's; their D．Lily and Nick's; them 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion. A．a; an B．/; a C．a; a D．/; an 13．—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly. A．some advices B．any advices
初中英语常用语法结构图示 一、词法： 单数 普通名词可数名词复数，复数变化规则 名词不规则名词复数形式 不可数名词及量的表示 专有名词: 人名、地名、国家名。大写，不加冠词 名词的格’s 多用于有生命的事物 of 多用于无生命的事物 人称代词：主格与宾格：人称代词的排序； 物主代词：形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词 反身代词：构成；Own 的用法 that, this, these, those的用法； 指示代词such, so 的用法,the same as.的用法； so+（助）动词＋主语与so+主语＋（助）动词的区别。 代词one, another, the other, others, other等词的用法; one与it的区别; both,与all的区别; some, any的用法区别. 不定代词every与each的用法 either，neither，none的用法 -body,-one-thing-where与some, any, every，no的组合； any，many ，a few，few，much，a little，little等词的用法。 疑问代词：who, what, which, whose, whom It的用法表示天气、气候、季节、时间、阴暗、距离、状况等做主语； 作形式主语与形式宾语； 定冠词的用法：特指 冠词：（a, an, the）不定冠词的用法：不特指 不用冠词的情况 作用:定语和表语及其位置. The＋形容词＝复数名词 用法 单音节词 形容词构成双音节词 多音节词 比较级与最高级不规则词 as+原级+as ；not as(so)＋原级+ as 比较级＋比较级 The＋比较级+范围 The＋比较级，the +比较级 序数词+最高级 副词与形容词的用法区别及相互转换 级别方面用法与形容词相同 already, yet; ago, before, since; now, just now; sometime. Some time, sometimes;频度副词； 副词几个副词的用法so that, so…that; too…to; too, either, everyday, every day, every other day; enough;
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
五种趣味方法帮你学好初中英语语法死记硬背英语语法，往往效果不佳。只会让学生失去兴趣，更加抵触。初中科目比小学多了很多，合理分配时间高效学习才是硬道理。下面就教大家几个初中英语语法的趣味学习方法。 解题： 无趣是因为众多语法现象、晦涩的语法术语、冗长的规则表述太过繁琐复杂，无法激起兴趣；无味是因为一些传统英语教学过重强调单纯的语法输入，脱离情境枯燥无味。 支招： 这几种学语法方法很有趣 ●顺口溜法 用中文把分散的语法现象编成顺口溜、歌谣等。如，不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，如果分散记忆，很难记全记牢，可以这样处理： 第一步：分类汇总。把几个不规则的词按规律汇总： good/well-better-best；bad(ill)/badly-worse-worst；many/much-more-most；few-fewer-fewest，little-less-least；old-older(elder)-oldest(eldest)；far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 第二步：找规律。good和well，一对形容词和副词，比较级和最高级是一样的，它们的反义词bad，badly比较级和最高级也是一样的；many和much，意思一样，一个修饰可数名词，一个修饰不可数名词，但它们的比较级和最高级是一样的，它们的反义词分别是few 和little，它们的比较级和最高级不一样，一个规则另一个不规则，为什么把规则的few也放在一起呢？主要是为了对比记忆。至于old和far，分别有两个形似意不同的比较级和最高级。 第三步：创新总结。用中文编个简单的顺口溜把这些不规则形容词和副词“一网打尽”：好好坏坏，多多少少，老远老远。详见下表： good-better-best好well-better-best好 bad-worse-worst坏badly-worse-worst坏 many-more-most多much-more-most多 few-fewer-fewest少little-less-least少 old-older-oldest老old-elder-eldest老 far-farther-farthest远far-further-furthest远 ●思维借鉴法 英语中有大量的同义词比较，利用数学符号和表述可节约大量记忆细胞。如each，every 表“每一个”作定语时的区别，就可以用这样的符号表示：each≥2，every≥3。both，all的区别both=2，all≥3；neither，none的区别neither=2，none≥3。 数学语言表述法：news不可数名词，paper不可数名词，负负得正newspaper可数名词。 图示法：other，another，the other，the others，others的区别： ○—● one…the other, ○—○●○ one…another , ○—●●● one…the others, ○○○○—●●● some…the others , ○○○○—●●●○○○○ some…others. ●母语迁移法 进行英、汉语言对比分析迁移，是学语法的有效方法。如，形容词修饰名词这个概念，
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
一、选择题 1．Boys and girls, don′t lose in watching TV too much because it is bad for your eyes. A．himself B．yourself C．themselves D．yourselves 2．一I like the story of The Maze Runner better than of Tire Hunger Came. 一I agree. The fights are more exciting than in The Hunger Game. A．that; those B．those; those C．that; that D．those; that 3．—Did you buy a large house? —No, not really, at least not as large as ______. A．yours B．your C．you 4．—Hi, Anna. Are these your sister’s pencils? —Oh, no. The y’re not ______. A．her B．him C．hers D．his 5．The government is making an effort to improve the life of elderly people, many of whom are suffering（遭受） from either loneiness or poor health, or even___________. A．neither B．none C．all D．both 6．— Is there anything to drink in the fridge? — No, there is _____ left. A．all B．both C．neither D．none 7．—When is your father’s birthday? —________ birthday is on April 2nd. A．He B．She C．His D．Him 8．----Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi'an? ---- is OK. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 9．—Shall we sit in the corner or by the window? —. I don’t mind. A．Both B．Neither C．No D．Either 10．Not ______that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced. A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 11．My parents showed some old pictures that brought back sweet memories. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 12．—How many friends of ________ can come to celebrate your birthday? —________, I think. They’re all preparing for the new term. A．you, No one B．yours, None C．you, None 13．Winning or losing is only half the game, __________half is learning how to communicate with your teammates and learning from your mistakes. A．another B．other C．the other 14．Life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups will mean A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing
一、选择题 1．Speak louder, ________ you can’t make yourself________. A．and; hear B．or; hear C．and; heard D．or; heard 2．The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A．wait B．waiting C．to wait D．waited 3．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 4．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 5．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 6．—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A．Does; are all B．Do; are all C．Does; all are D．Is; all are 7．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 8．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 9．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 10．—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A．did; didn’t B．were; didn’t C．were; wasn’t D．did; wasn’t 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 13．________he_______big________? A．Does; has; foot B．Does; have; feet C．Do; have; foots 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day.
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 3．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 4．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．—He’s never been late for school. —________________. A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is
初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.（形容词） The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语） I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式） 注意：1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 We often help him.
He is always late for class. 7、补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.（形容词） She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式） The war made him a soldier.（名词） I find him at home.（介词短语） I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词） 8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一）. 简单句五种基本句型： 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：