英语写作教程

ke sunglasses;
Everything seemed
I tore a hole on the bathing suit; to go wrong with
4 Friends thought I would dive me at the swimming
when I just wanted to see view pool.
Warm-up Activity: Setting your goals
• 1. List what you will do to achieve your goal.
• 2. Interview one of your friends about his/her goal and the actions they will take.
as an illustration
• to illustrate
as an example
• take…for example
consider…for example
• as follows
in other words
• let me cite as proof
• according to statistics (statistical evidence)
• 1. Learning English is a rewarding experience. • 2. How higher education has affected my life. • 3. Making mistakes is a good way to learn. • 4. There is a lot to learn outside the classroom.
• Pass CET4, • Improve English skills, • Get scholarship, • Join some student organizations, like student

实用工程英语写作教程
本教程旨在帮助工程师和技术人员提高英语写作能力，特别是在工程和科技领域中的写作。

本教程将涵盖以下主题：
第一章：工程英语写作概述
介绍工程英语写作的基本概念和原则，探讨工程英语写作的目的、受众、样式和格式。

第二章：工程英语写作的风格
讨论工程英语写作的风格，包括简明扼要、准确、清晰、直接和具体等特点，介绍如何运用这些特点来改进工程英语写作。

第三章：工程英语写作的语法和标点符号
分析工程英语写作的语法和标点符号，包括主谓一致、时态、被动语态、连接词等语法要点，以及逗号、句号、分号等标点符号的使用。

第四章：工程英语写作的单词和短语
介绍工程英语写作中常用的单词和短语，包括技术术语、动词短语、名词短语等，并提供使用这些单词和短语的样例。

第五章：工程英语写作中的句子结构
分析工程英语写作中的句子结构，包括简单句、复合句、并列句等形式，介绍如何运用这些句子结构来改进工程英语写作。

第六章：工程英语写作的结构和逻辑
探讨工程英语写作的结构和逻辑，包括段落结构、文章结构、论据和证据等要素，介绍如何运用这些要素来改进工程英语写作。

第七章：工程英语写作的实践
提供工程英语写作的实践指导，包括如何准备、撰写、编辑和校对工程英语文档，以及如何与读者交流等方面的实践技巧。

本教程将通过实例、练习、案例和评估来帮助学生提高工程英语写作技能，提供工程英语写作方面的实用建议和实践经验。

2) Summary of Knowledge points: Sentence variety:
The group of sentences in a paragraph should be regarded as a whole and should be different enough in types to avoid boredom. This is called sentence variety
The boys leaned against the willow tree (growing) next to the stream, their fishing poles resting on sticks, their eyes gazing at the bobbers on the ripples. The morning had been cool and comfortable, but the afternoon was becoming very hot. Both boys had taken great pleasure in planning for the trip on Friday, their only day off in the whole month.
n Conclusion: Sentences with different lengths are more desirable in writing.
18
9.1 Sentence Variety
n Follow-up activities: p144
n Reference for the Classroom Activities:
1 ) types of sentences：

and arranges his history books accordingly. It is odd,
but it is convenient. #
.
Assignments
Reading:
pp 41-45
Exercises:
pp 49-54 ▪ Exercise 1: Chronological order ▪ Exercise 2: Process ▪ Exercise 3: Space
(ways of developing paragraphs)
Development by Time
In telling a story or recounting an event, the easiest and clearest way is to describe things in order of time; earlier things are mentioned before later things, the first thing first and the last thing last. This method is also called chronological sequencing.
An effective paragraph
❖ 3 features of an effective paragraph: 1. A paragraph should have one, and only
one, central idea. 2. The main idea is generally expressed in
Example:
In the old days, train travel was not much fun. Back in the 1830’s, passenger coaches on western and southern roads looked like cabins on wheels. Until late in the 1840’s, passengers who wanted heat bought heated bricks from boys at the stations. There were no sleeping cars, either, until 1859, when George R. Pullman remodeled two day coaches into sleeping cars, to run from Chicago to Bloomington, Illinois. They were lighted by candles and heated by wood-burning stoves. Passengers near the stoves were too hot, and those far away were too cold. Even years later, after trains had better heating systems, passengers were often most uncomfortable. Open windows let in showers of soot and cinders; and closed windows meant stifling temperatures. Travelers reached their destinations in those days sooty, jostled, and travel-worn. #

教学课件是辅助教学的多媒体教具，是现代教育技术发展的产物，具有很强的时代特点，也是教育现代化的标志之一。

下面是小编整理的英语写作基础教程课件，希翼对你有匡助。

本课程为高等学校英语专业课程体系中一门英语专业知识课程，属专业必修课性质。

通过本课程的教学，使学生能正确理解和掌握英语写作的基础知识和技巧，例如词汇的恰当用法、英语成份与各类型结构的多样化运用等，并能按照不同要求正确书写便条、信函和通知等应用文，缩写课文内容，组织提纲并根据提纲书写短文，正确使用标点符号。

本课程面向英语专业一年级学生，学生应具备基本英语写作能力，达到英语专业入学时的各项要求。

课堂讲授学时： 2其他教学学时： 1通过举例及练习提升学生对词汇的敏感度，学会如何正确运用词汇；写便条。

辨析词汇不同侧面的意义，如： denotative & connotative meanings; affective & collocative meanings.1. Denotation and connotation2. Attitude and collocation3. False friends4. Subject-verb agreement5. Note-writing5. Follow-up exercises课堂讲授学时： 2其他教学学时： 1学会鉴别不同文体，即正式、常用、口语和俚语，并根据不同文体使用恰当的词汇；写较为正式的便条。

避免中式英语styles in English2. Chinglish3. Writing notes to older people, strangers and business clients5. Follow-up exercises课堂讲授学时： 2其他教学学时： 1纠正学生习作中常见的冗余用词，匡助学生建立分类记忆词汇的习惯从而精确用词；写正式通知。

提高学生对词汇细微差别的敏感度，特别是名、动、形容词，培养良好的词汇学习的习惯。

第二小节
Writing skills
paragraph structure
Paragraph Unity
Paragraph Development
Paragraph Coherence
Ensure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence that ties all the sentences together.
Synonyms
Know synonyms for common words and use them to add variety and freshness to your writing.
Technical Vocabulary
Familiarize yourself with the vocabulary specific to your field of study and use it appropriately.
• Key concepts explained: The unit delves into the importance of a strong thesis statement, the role of evidence in supporting arguments, and the effective use of transitions to link ideas. It also explores different types of argumentative essays, such as persuasive and analytical essays.
Sentence Fluency
Eliminate redundancy, clarify meaning, and ensure smooth transitions between sentences.

Proper nouns are the names of specific people, places, or things.
1. Names and nicknames of people 2. Names of particular places
John F. Kennedy, Stonewall Jackson Asia, the U.S.A., the Great Lakes
4. Use numerals more than two words long.
The largest commercial bank today may offer over 200 separate financial services.
Note: When one number immediately precedes another in a sentence, spell out the first, and use a numeral for the second. two 11-year cycles
3.Capitalize names that show family relationship.
Will you come with me, Granny? Thank you, Father.
4. Capitalize proper nouns and their abbreviations;
➢ “My trip to Mount Tai,” he said, “was interesting lize opening and closing of a letter.
Dear Sir: Sincerely yours,
Dear Mr. Carpenter: Truly yours,

英语应用文写作教程(共5篇)英语应用文写作教程(共5篇)篇一：《英语应用文写作教程2》A Course for Practical English Writing 《英语应用文写作教程》 Unit 1 English Letters Letter of Booking a Room Letter of Invitation Letter of Congratulations Letter of Appreciation Letter of Inquiry Letter of Reply Letter of Complaint Letter of Application Letter of Job Termination Letter of Remendation Letter of Introduction Letter of Application Unit 2 Posters Unit 3 Cards Name Cards Greeting CardsInvitation Cards Card to Accept an Invitation Card to Decline an Invitation ID Card Employee’ s Card S tudent’s ID Card Unit 4 Certificates Marriage Certificates Graduation Certificate Birth Certificate Doctor’s Certificate Retirement Certificate Unit 5 Messages Telephone Messages Note for Asking for Leave Note for Making an Appointment Message for Saying Good-bye Message on the Blackboard Unit 6 Announcements LostFound Notice of Engagement Person Missing Contributions Wanted Clerk Wanted Notice Notice for House Renting Marriage Wanted Unit 7 Bills and Forms Resume Note Form of Receipt I. O. U. Form Unit 8 Broadcast Announcements Broadcast Announcement of a Party Broadcast Announcement of Airlines Flight Broadcast Announcement on a Train Broadcast Announcement of an Urgency Weather Forecast Telephone AnnouncementUnit 9 Memos and Diaries Memo Business Memos Diaries Unit 10 Speeches Weling Speech Send-off Speech Opening Address Closing Address Unit 11 Notices Notice of a Meeting Notice of a Speech Notice of Some Activities Notice of a Visit Notice of a Holiday Notice of Employment Notice of a Decision Notice of Election Results Unit 12 Ads and InstructionsAdvertisements Instructions Unit 13 Contracts Business Contracts Employment Contracts Unit 14 Faxes andEmails E-mail Reply to an E-mail Fax Resume 图片已关闭显示，点此查看图片已关闭显示，点此查看图片已关闭显示，点此查看图片已关闭显示，点此查看图片已关闭显示，点此查看图片已关闭显示，点此查看篇二：英语应用文写作课程简介英语应用文写作（Practical English Writing）课程简介课程编号： 050249 学时：32 课程类型：任选课先修课程：英语应用文写作适用专业：非英语专业本科实验班、卓越班等本课程的培养目标为：通过实施过程式教学法使学生掌握应用文的写作方法，真正提高他们运用英语的能力。

He is a singer and actor, he is well-known.
Whose dog is this?
It might/ could be____.
He is a singer and actor, he is well-known.
Whose dog is this?
It might/ could be____. It must be Liu Dehua’s.
They think it _______m__igbhte the wind.
She guesses it ______c_a_n_’bte a dog.
She said that maybe it was a bear or a wolf.
Look at the chart and write sentences for the things below.
要以行动去表达。 (3). If a fellow isn’t thankful for what he’s got, he isn’t likely to be thankful for what he’s going to get. 如果一个人不为所拥有的感恩，他不可能会为自己将来所拥有的
感恩。
（2）.写事记叙文
交代事件 (起因)
…somebody has cleaned our classroom… We are discussing about…
作出推断 （经过）
Some students think it might be … I think it must be… because …
要点1: 起因（2分）
内容 要点2: 推断（2分） （8分）

1.段落解释：is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8．第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识：Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法)：As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识：Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序)：In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序)：A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识：The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式：Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比)：①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法)：Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识：Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识：Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识：As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识：The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。

东方剑桥应用英语学术英语写作教程An Academic English Writing Guide" with over 1000 words, written entirely in English:The field of English language education has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent decades, with a growing emphasis on specialized and academic forms of the language. One such area that has gained significant attention is the teaching of academic English writing, catering to the needs of learners who seek to engage in scholarly discourse, research, and professional communication. In this context, the "Oriental Cambridge" approach to academic English writing has emerged as a comprehensive and innovative framework, drawing inspiration from the esteemed traditions of the University of Cambridge while adapting it to the unique cultural and linguistic landscapes of the East.At the heart of the Oriental Cambridge approach lies a deep appreciation for the nuances of academic writing, recognizing it as a multifaceted skill that transcends the mere mechanics of grammar and syntax. The program recognizes that effective academic writing requires not only a command of the language but also a keen understanding of the underlying rhetorical structures, theconventions of various academic genres, and the intellectual rigor demanded in the pursuit of knowledge.One of the key tenets of the Oriental Cambridge approach is the emphasis on critical thinking. Students are encouraged to approach academic writing not merely as an exercise in regurgitating information but as a dynamic process of analysis, synthesis, and the construction of original arguments. The curriculum places a strong emphasis on developing critical reading skills, enabling learners to delve deeply into scholarly sources, identify key ideas, and engage in substantive discussions and debates.The program also places a significant focus on the development of research skills, equipping students with the tools and strategies necessary to navigate the vast landscape of academic literature. From effective information-gathering techniques to the nuances of citation and referencing, the Oriental Cambridge approach ensures that learners are well-prepared to undertake rigorous academic inquiries and produce well-researched, evidence-based written work.Moreover, the Oriental Cambridge approach recognizes the importance of genre-specific writing conventions. Rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach, the program provides specialized instruction in the distinct rhetorical structures and stylistic considerations of various academic genres, such as research papers,literature reviews, case studies, and argumentative essays. This genre-based approach allows students to develop a versatile set of writing skills that can be applied across a range of academic and professional contexts.Integral to the Oriental Cambridge approach is the emphasis on developing a strong academic voice. Students are encouraged to move beyond the mere replication of source material and to cultivate a unique and authentic authorial presence in their writing. This involves mastering the art of academic argumentation, the judicious use of citations and references, and the skillful integration of their own ideas and perspectives into the scholarly discourse.The program also places a strong emphasis on the development of writing fluency and coherence. Through a variety of exercises, workshops, and feedback mechanisms, students are guided in refining their ability to organize their thoughts, structure their arguments, and create a seamless flow of ideas within their written work. This focus on textual cohesion and coherence is crucial in ensuring that students' academic writing is not only technically proficient but also intellectually engaging and persuasive.Furthermore, the Oriental Cambridge approach recognizes the importance of cultural awareness and sensitivity in academic writing. The program acknowledges that academic discourse is not a neutral,universal language but is instead shaped by cultural and linguistic traditions. By incorporating cross-cultural perspectives and encouraging students to draw on their own cultural backgrounds and experiences, the Oriental Cambridge approach fosters a rich and diverse academic writing landscape that celebrates the global nature of knowledge production.One of the hallmarks of the Oriental Cambridge approach is its emphasis on personalized feedback and mentorship. Rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, the program relies on a team of experienced academic writing instructors who provide targeted, individualized feedback to each student. This personalized guidance allows learners to identify their specific strengths and areas for improvement, enabling them to refine their writing skills in a supportive and nurturing environment.Moreover, the Oriental Cambridge approach recognizes the importance of ongoing professional development for both students and instructors. The program regularly organizes workshops, seminars, and conferences that bring together experts in the field of academic writing, fostering a vibrant community of practitioners and scholars who share their insights, best practices, and innovative pedagogical approaches.In conclusion, the "Oriental Cambridge" approach to academicEnglish writing represents a comprehensive and innovative framework that aims to empower learners with the skills, knowledge, and confidence necessary to thrive in the global academic landscape. By blending the esteemed traditions of the University of Cambridge with a deep understanding of the cultural and linguistic nuances of the East, this program offers a transformative educational experience that prepares students to engage in high-level scholarly discourse, conduct rigorous research, and make meaningful contributions to the advancement of knowledge.。

Common Problems in Writing Science and Technology English
Lake of structure
Many scientific English writing pieces lake a clear structure, making it difficult for readers to follow the argument
Technical language
Scientific English writing often uses technical language and jargon specific to the field of study
Structured writing
Scientific English writing follows a formal structure, typically including an introduction, methods, results, and discussion
Objective language
Scientific English writing should be objective and unbiased, avoiding personal opinions and emotional language
Precision language
Scientific English writing requires the use of precision language to confirm exact means and avoid ambiguity
compound sentences, and clauses, and improve the richness and accuracy of article expression.

大学英语写作教程答案大学英语写作教程蔡基刚蔡基刚这个人，它有编写过一本书籍是专门针对我们大学生的英语写作的，我们来了解了解。

下面是WTT给大家整理的蔡基刚大学英语写作教程，供大家参阅!蔡基刚大学英语写作教程介绍《大学英语写作教程》除了介绍英语写作基本理论和各种文体作文的写法外，另外还有三章介绍命题写作、图表写作和信函写作。

分析了大学英语四、六级考试作文、硕士研究生入学考试作文、托福考试作文、爱普考试作文和雅思考试作文等的命题题型、特点以及应试技巧。

并且考虑到学生在学习和工作中的需要，还介绍了常用的英语书信写法。

《大学英语写作教程》共18章，可供一个学期36课时使用。

一般按章的顺序实施教学。

但也可以根据需要进行选择。

尤其是第5章“词的变化”，第10章“句型变化”和第15章“修饰运用”，可先可后。

各章中对“语言”部分的讲授更是可以结合讲评学生习作，穿插进行。

蔡基刚大学英语写作教程简介《大学英语写作教程》除了用三章篇幅真心诚意让讨论词和句子的使用和表达外，在每章后还另辟了一个“语言”板块，用经比较英语言不同的表达特点并讨论学会地道的英语表达。

蔡基刚大学英语写作教程目录第1章段落的构筑1.写作分析：Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and Fads1.1 段落的组成1.2 主题句2.语言：动态动词的使用3.练习第2章段落的发展1.写作分析：Daydream a Little1.1 统一性1.2 连贯性1.3 发展性2.语言：形合和意合3.练习第3章开头和结尾1.写作分析：Turning Failure into Success1.1 引言部分1.2 结尾部分2.语言:抽象名词表达3.练习第4章篇章的连贯1.写作分析：Nerds and Geeks 1.1 首尾句呼应1.2 中心思想串联1.3 主题句的关联1.4 过渡段的使用2.语言：抽象化表达3.练习第5章词汇的变化1.写作分析：How to Bee Gifted?1.1 同义词1.2 近义词1.3 派生词1.4 上下义词1.5 具体与笼统关系1.6 同义结构2.练习第6章正文的发展1.写作分析：The Fifth Freedom 1.1 一致性1.2 层次性1.3 发展性2.语言：非人称表达3.练习第7章叙述性作文1.写作分析：The Present1.1 主题1.2 视角1.3 背景1.4 顺序1.5 情节1.6 伏笔1.7 象征2.语言：词的效果3.练习第8章原因性作文1.写作分析：Why They Excel?1.1 原因性结构1.2 分析性结构1.3 综合性结构2.语言：副词、形容词的运用3.练习第9章比较性作文1.写作分析：Methods of Education：East and West1.1 两种基本方法1.2 两种基本结构2.语言：减少动词使用3.练习第10章句型变化1.写作分析：Winstorn Churchill-His Other Life1.1 句子开头变化1.2 句子结构变化1.3 句子长短变化2.练习第11章评论性作文1.写作分析：College Lectures：Is Anybody Listening?1.1 反对写法1.2 赞成写法1.3 平衡写法1.4 给编辑写信2.语言：多种表达法3.练习第12章辩驳性作文1.写作分析：Ditch the Calculator2.语言：树型结构3.练习第13章方法介绍性作文1.写作分析：Plain Talk about Handl ing Stress 1.1 引言部分：重要性1.2 正文部分：操作步骤2.语言：表达顺序3.练习第14章信函作文1.写作分析：An Exchange of Letters1.1 公务信函1.2 求职信1.3 简历1.4 询问信1.5 备忘录2.语言：语体意义3.练习第15章修辞运用1.写作分析：What Makes a Leader?1.1 比喻1.2 叠言1.3 平行句1.4 设问句2.语言：文化内涵第16章命题作文1.写作分析：Essay Questjon1.1 四、六级考试作文1.2 硕士研究生入学考试作文1.3 托福考试作文1.4 爱普考试作文1.5 雅思考试作文1.6 评分标准1.7 应试技巧2.语言：主题主语3.练习第17章图表作文1.写作分析：Population Growth and WildIife 1.1 图表1.2 图画2.语言：词语搭配3.练习第18章学术写作1.写作分析：Physical Effects of Ma州uana Use 1.1 论文1.2 摘要3.练习参考文献看过蔡基刚大学英语写作教程的人还看了：1.大学英语写作教程怎么考试2.大学英语基础写作教程3.大学英语写作课怎么上4.大学英语记叙文的写作5.大学英语写作方法。

学术英语写作教程第三章Chapter 3: Shaping the Thesis Statement.The thesis statement serves as the cornerstone of an academic essay, encapsulating the central argument or claim that the writer intends to develop and support throughout the text. It acts as a roadmap for the essay, providing readers with a clear understanding of the paper's main focus and direction. Crafting a compelling thesis statement is crucial to ensuring the coherence and effectiveness of academic writing.Essential Elements of a Strong Thesis Statement:Clear and Focused: The thesis statement should be succinct and unambiguous, conveying the primary argument or claim in a concise and direct manner. It should avoid vague or general statements that leave room for interpretation.Specific and Precise: The thesis statement should bespecific and specific, providing readers with a clear understanding of the scope and boundaries of the argument.It should not attempt to cover too much ground or make sweeping generalizations.Defensible and Arguable: The thesis statement shouldbe defensible and arguable, allowing the writer to supportit with evidence and reasoning. It should not be astatement of fact or a personal opinion.Original and Insightful: The thesis statement should present an original and insightful perspective on the topic, offering a unique contribution to the field of study. It should not be a restatement of common knowledge or a regurgitation of existing ideas.Appropriate for Assignment and Audience: The thesis statement should be tailored to the specific requirementsof the assignment and the intended audience. It should consider the scope, purpose, and limitations of the essay.Process for Shaping a Thesis Statement:1. Understand the Assignment: Carefully read and analyze the assignment guidelines to determine the purpose, scope, and requirements of the essay.2. Gather and Review Sources: Conduct thorough research to gather information and evidence related to the topic. This will help you develop a deep understanding of the subject matter and identify potential arguments.3. Formulate Initial Ideas: Based on your research, brainstorm and develop initial ideas for the thesis statement. Consider different perspectives and angles that you could take on the topic.4. Evaluate and Refine Ideas: Critically evaluate your initial ideas to determine their strengths and weaknesses. Consider their clarity, specificity, originality, and defensibility. Refine your ideas based on this evaluation.5. Draft Thesis Statement: Write a tentative thesis statement that incorporates the essential elementsdiscussed above.6. Test and Revise: Test your thesis statement by discussing it with peers or instructors. Seek feedback on its clarity, specificity, arguability, and originality. Revise the thesis statement based on this feedback.Tips for Crafting Effective Thesis Statements:Use strong verbs that convey action or assertion.Avoid using passive language or hedging phrases that weaken the claim.Be direct and concise, avoiding unnecessary adjectives or adverbs.Use specific examples or evidence to support your claim.Use a transitional phrase or clause to connect the thesis statement to the rest of the essay.Consider the potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints and address them in your thesis statement.Conclusion:The thesis statement is the guiding principle of an academic essay, providing a clear roadmap for the development of the argument. By carefully considering the essential elements and following a structured process, writers can craft strong and effective thesis statements that lay the foundation for coherent and persuasive academic writing.。

写作（一）写作话题一介绍（自己、家庭、朋友、老师、个人感受、感恩）一、本话题可能会涉及的词汇：8.生活没有了朋友就像白日没有了阳光。

9.我永远不会忘记和老师同学们一起曾经一起度过的这些美好的时光。

10.我们永远也无法回报老师们的亲切、耐心，以及传授给我们的知识。

四、连句成篇mypersonalities,Iamshyfriendly.Ihaveahappyfamily.Thereare3membersinmyfamily.Ihavealotofhobbies,Ienjoycollectingstampsdrawing.,Ihavegotprizes.,IstudyinClass1Grade9.Myfavori tesubjectismath.,IaminterestedinEnglish,Chinese,physics.IlivefarfromschoolIusuallygetupat6:00gotobedat____________________________________________________________________________________2.原句：Aboveall,encouragingmetokeeptrying.仿写：最重要的是，你一定要独立自主。

(aboveall)____________________________________________________________________________________3.原句：That’swhytheconversationswithheralwaysendupwithlaughter.仿写：他的演说最终以一个字结束。

(endup)____________________________________________________________________________________4.原句：What’smore,she’skeenondr awingandhaswonallkindsofprizessofar.仿写：那位画家喜欢收集硬币。

I. What Is a Research Proposal?
A research proposal is a coherent and concise summary of the proposed research.
➢ It sets out the key issues or questions that you want to address. ➢ Besides the aims and objectives, a research proposal also provides
III. How to Prepare
Step 3 Create a title page if applicable
➢ A title page introduces • the title of the proposal • the author’s name • the institution the author is affiliated to
III. How to Prepare
Step 4 Summarize the proposal in your abstract
➢ The abstract is a summary of the main ideas addressed in your proposal. ➢ It should include
➢ Consider the following questions for the implications. • What will the results contribute to the knowledge of the field under investigation? • How will the results challenge the theoretical framework? • Will the results influence current methods of research?

大学英语写作根底教程以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的根本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考可根据自己的情况选择其中的个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。

1）There are three reasons for this2）The reasons for this are as follows3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek5）The reason for this is that6）We have good reason to believe that例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。

如：Great changes have taken place in our life．There are three reasons for this．这样写可以防止套用中的表达失误。

1）It has the following advantages2）It does us a lot of good3）It benefits us quite a lot4）It is beneficial to us5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our mindsand widen our horizons．Therefore reading extensivelyis of great benefit to us1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It does us much harm3）It is harmful to us例如：However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient, possible）for sb．to do sth．2）We think it necessary to do sth．3）It plays an important role in our life．例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon, puters will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that puters are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．1)We should take some effective measures．2）We should try our best to overe（conquer）the difficulties．3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted （faced）with．例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with Is being more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s munications．3）The puter has brought about many changes in education．例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain tomeat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．2）No one can deny the fact that．．．3）There is no denying the fact that．．．4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．5）However，that’s not the case．例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．1）Compared with A，B．．．2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．3）There is a striking contrast between them．例如：Compared with cars ,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％pared with that of January．例如：With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s in some spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．再如：From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of puters has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．1）People have（take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth．2）People have different opinions on this problem．3）People take different views of（on）the question．4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．例如：People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to suess．Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of suess at their renewed endeavor．However ,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．再如：Do“lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it（注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。