自选景点----都江堰
My dear friends:
After one hour, now we are standing at Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, which is located in almost 50km northwest of Chengdu and is nestling below Mt Yulei. Today we will visit Erwang Temple, Anlan Cable Bridge, Yu Zui, Fei shayan, Baopingkou, and get out from The Lidui Park for Mt. Qingcheng. And we will gather together at 11 at the park, where our bus parked. While visiting, please take the valuables with you. Please do remember my phone No. and follow our team. Thank you for cooperation.
Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, boasted a long history, was constructed by Libing, a prefect of Shu Kingdom in over 2000 years ago. Until now, the irrigated area has been expanded from 188,000 to more than 668,000 hectares. What’s more, due to its contribution, Chengdu enjoys a great reputation as the Land of Abundance.
Compared with Aswan dam and Three Gorges Dam, it is the unique project without a concrete dam by automatic diversion, automatic release of the sand and pebbles and automatic irrigation system.
Well, L/G, after visited Er Wang Temple, here we are. This is Yuzui (fish mouth), which is our today’s highlight.
We can see that the surging Mingjiang River is divided into the inner river and the outer river. Why is the Fish Mouth constructed here? What role does it play in the whole project?
Dujiangyan Irrigation Project served as the world famous dam due to the harmonious integration of the three key projects. They are Yuzui, Feishayan, and Baopingkou.It attracts more and more travelers to come here, such as the there generations of China’s Chairmen, Mr. President Carter from US, President Jin Richeng from Korea , not only for appreciating the beautiful landscapes but also for the secret. Yu Qiuyu, a famous writer, said the most majestic work in the world is not the Great Wall but Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.
As the legend goes, at that time, Not only Li Bing devoted himself to this project, but also his daughter, Bing Err, died when she split the last piece of the mountain. It is said she became celestial being and protected this project.
Well, L/G, the main functions of Fish Mouth are water diversion, releasing sand and pebbles Li Bing built this project maximizing the favorable terrain. You can see that the outer side of the riverbed is higher than the inner side of this section of the Mingjiang River, where the river bends. As we all know, water flows from the higher places to lower ones.In dry season, 60% of the water flows into the inner river so as to guarantee the irrigating water in spring when the farmers plough their fields. But in flood season, the water level rises as the water volume increase. The bend of the river has much less restraint as it does in the dry season. In addition, the outer river is wider than the inner river. As a result, the Fish Mouth discharges 60%of the water to the outer river and leaves only 40%of the water flowing through the inner river, which prevents Chengdu plain from flood. That can be summarized as six-character motto: divided water by 40% and 60%, subdue flood and drought. The Fish Mouth also has the function of releasing sand and pebbles. It is strategically set at the end of the bend,
which turns out to be an ideal location for both channeling water and sweeping away sand and pebbles. As per the principle of curve circulation, the clean water of the surface is inclined to enter the inner river. The sand and pebbles tend to rush to the outer river through the riverbed. It is estimated that 80% of the sand and pebbles is swept away into the outer river. You may wonder about the remaining 20%. How to drain them? The Sand-flying Spillway and Bottle –neck Channel will tell you. Thank you.
九寨东线-------德阳
Dear visitors:
Good morning. Now, we are on the way to Guanyuan. I’m Johnson，this is our driver, Mr. Wang, with more than 20 years’ driving experience. And he has a strong sense of safety. There are more than 285 km from Chengdu to Guangyuan. It will take almost four hours by passing De Yang, Mian Yang, Jiang You, and Guangyuan.
After almost half an hour, we have passed Xindu County. Please look outside; we can see a broad board with a crowned mask with protruding eyes which is excavated in Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan city. Yes, now we are in the region of Guanghan city. Being the cultural commercial center of the ancient Shu State, Sanxingdui has a history of over 4,000 years. They both resemble and differ from those found in the Central Plain Civilization. It is very rich in bronze ware, jade ware, and gold ware and so on. The government has decided to combine Sanxingdui Ruins with Jinsha Ruins to apply for the World Cultural Heritage. In 2006, the PM of Singapore, Li Xianlong came all the way to visit Sanxingdui. Chirac, the former French president, regretted to visit to Sanxingdui for his busy schedule at that time.
Well, my friends, now we will arrive at Deyang City in several minutes, 50km away from Chengdu. Today I do not talk about that Deyang has fostered a host of talented individuals and heroes, General Pangtong, Li Diaoyuan, and Huangjiguang and so on. Today, I’d like to talk more about its industry development. Deyang is an industrial city in west China. Since 1970s, it has seen rapid and balanced development in industry. It is an industrial base for heavy machinery and large-size power generating facilities. Some of the major factories are: No.2 Heavy Machinery Works, Dongfang Motor Factory and Dongfang Steam Turbine Plant.
It is an industrial base for chemicals and mineral chemicals. Deyang also has a highly developed food processing industry, which is represented by Jiannanchun Liquor Factory, Blue-Sword Beer Group and Shifang Cigaratte Factory.
Last month, China celebrated its 30 anniversary for the policy of opening-up and reform. In the past 30 years, the world has witnessed china’s enormous progress. Of course, Deyang’s rapid development in the past decades mainly depended on the reform. With the globalization, the No.2 heavy Machinery as well as the other industries in Deyang, have been gradually adjusting its mechanism to meet the challenges. They adopt more pro-active manner to exchange views with the other multinational corporations, which feature with much advanced technology and experience. What’s more, they innovate and transform the technology to be more competitive. Now it has formed an integration of research, design, manufacturing, and sales. In the world, Deyang, as an industrial city, is progressing each day.
Here we are, L/G, Let’s go to another science and technology city, Miangyang, which represent s the high-tech in southwestern China.
红色革命线----阆中
GM，L and G
Welcome to join us to pay a visit to Guang’an.
It’s about 300kilometres from Chengdu to Guang’an. It will take us four hours by passing Sui Ning, Nanchong, Nangzhong and Guan An.
Now, we have appreciated Daying Dead Sea and Nanchong City. And we have passed Chengdu-Nangchong expressway. We will arrive at Langzhong in several minutes.
Do you know the four ancient cities? Today I won’t tell you the ancient cities like Lijiang in Yunnan province, Pingyao in Shanxi province or Shexian in Anhui province, but I will tell you something about Langzhong. It is a treasure of historical relics with a history of over 2300 years since its establishment in Qin dynasty. Langzhong is a historical and cultural city of China, the Chinese outstanding traveling city, and the national ecology demonstration city. It is situated in the northeast of Sichuan province, in middle and upper reaches of the Jialingjiang River.
Compared with another three ancient cities, Langzhong boasts its unique natural beauties. Please look out of the window, the river is Jialingjiang River, which will flow into Yangtze River at Chongqing. In fact, the whole Langzhong City is encircled by Jianglingjiang River on its three sides. Guarded on four sides by the majestic mountains, Langzhong is valuable place in terms of geomancy because mountains and rivers are also used by Fengshui Masters. Fengshui is a kind of ancient science. It is very famous here. Langzhong Fengshui Museum is the first Fengshui Museum in China. What is Fengshui? Geomancy started in the Zhou Dynasty. In ancient times, the Chinese believed that the movements of the sun and moon did affect spiritual currents which influence d people’s daily life. It’s said that it was also affected the form and size of hills and mountains, the height and shape of the buildings, and by the direction of roadways. Ancient people also found the importance of geomancy in the location and orientation of buildings and other structures. In addition, till now, the Fengshui masters are very popular in determining the orientation of the buildings and doors. As an old saying goes, ―The unique features of a local environment always give special characteristics to its inhabitants.‖ Langzhong has produced many outstanding celebrities, such as Luoxiahong, the great astronomer in Han Dynasty, who invented the 1st calendar in the world. And a legend goes that the ancient emperor Fuxi was born in Langzhong.
While approaching the Langzhong city, do you smell the vinegar? Referring the vinegar, we can easily be associated with Baoning vinegar, which had been granted as ―Chinese Famous Brand". It won the gold prize in the Panama international exposition. Vinegar is widely used in dishes and preserving food, such as Sichuan cuisine. What’s more, it is beneficial for health and for the girls to keep the skins well to drink amount of vinegar.
Well, L/G, we have to say goodbye to this ancient city and leave for Guang’an, where is the hometown of Dengxiaoping. He is the general designer of the policy of opening-up and reform.
Thank you!
成都---海螺沟（雅安）
Dear visitors:
Now, we are scheduled to Hailuogou Valley. I’m He Yongxin. This is our driver, Mr. Wang, with more than 20 years’ driving experience. There are almost 322 from Chengdu to Hailuogou Valley. It will take almost six hours by passing Qionglai, Yaan, Bifengya, Luding and so on. We are delight to serve and accompany with you in the following days. We’ll spare no effort to satisfying all of you. Of course, we need your help, support, and cooperation. Please do remember the numbers of our bus and my phone. And take your valuables with you while getting of the bus. Thank you.
L/G, now we are on Chengdu-Yaan expressway. After passing Qionglai, we are approaching Mingshan County, which was famous even in the ancient times. Do you know why? Please look out of the window. You can see rows of trees cover in the whole slop of the Mountain. And there is a little space between the rows. That’s for draining water. We can feel that the climate here is very wet. According to all of these characters, I believe you may have answers about this tree. Yes, that’s tea. Such a special ecological environment, wet and heavy rainfall, is ideal for growing tea, especial for developing its fragment elements. It is said that Sichuan boasts three historical and cultural mountains. They are Mt. Qingcheng for Taoism, Mt. Emei for Buddhism and Mt. Mengding for tea. Tea, together with coffee and coco, is the three drinking in the world. As the saying goes, The Yangtze River tops the waters, whereas the Mengdingshan tea crowns them all. Since ancient times, Mt. Mengding has had an abundance of tea. Famous scholars and nobles such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Meng Jiao, and Liu Yuxi wrote numerous magnificent poems and articles in praise of Mengshan Tea.
According to the historical records it is the first and earliest place to grow tea. The history of growing tea dates back to the Western Han Dynasty- more than 2,000 years ago. Tea was first produced in China, and It has been a part of daily life in China for at least 1,500 years. Du Yu of Tang Dynasty published his academic book called the Book of Tea. It was the first book about the tea subject in China. In 53 B.C., a farmer named Wu Lizhen found that wild tea could be used as medicine. He planted seven tea trees among the five peaks, which are still alive today and are called the ―fairy-tea‖. Wu Lizhen is regarded as ―the father of tea‖, who is the first person to grow tea in the world.
OK, L/G, please have a break, when we arrive at Yaan City in several minutes, I’d like to introduce Yaan for you.
Yaan, 120km away from Chengdu, is the junction of migrations. In1939, Ya’an became the capital of the newly established Xikang Province. In 1955, it became a part of Sichuan province. In addition, it played an important role in ancient times as a key posthouse of Chama Ancient Route.
It boasts three wonders. Today I will either not talk about the Yaan Fish, or talk about the belles. I’d like to talk about the rain. With its favorable location, Yaan is surrounded by three mountains, Jiajin in the north, Erlangshan in the west, and Daxiangling in the south, with a mouth in the east like a trumpet. When warm and wet currents from the Indian Ocean enter Yaan through the mouth in the east, they linger over Yaan, The cold currents and the warm currents meet and produce constant rain at night and in the early morning.
Ok, L/G, let’s have a break for the next sites.
Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou Valley（west）
Dear tourists,
Good morning！Welcome to join us to pay a visit to Jiuzhaigou Valley。
It’s about 438kilometres from Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou Valley. It will take about 11 hours by passing Dujiangyan, Wenchuan, Maoxian, Song Pan, Chuanzhu Temple, Huanglong and so on.
Starting from Chengdu, we have passed Dujiangyan and Wenchuan. Now we are driving along the Mingjiang River, which is a tributary of the upper Yangtze River which in the third longest river only after Nile in Africa,Amazon in south of America. Now we are on the upper reaches of Minjiang River. And it guides us in the region of Maoxian County, which is located in 200 km northwest away from Chengdu. It is famous as the home of Qiang people in China. Please look outside of the window on your right hand, have you noticed something different from other Buildings? There are white stones on the top of the house.
As a legend goes that when the ancestors of the Qiang moved to the upper reaches of the Mingjiang River in Sichuan province, they came upon a strong enemy. The head of the Qiang was instructed in a dream to overcome the enemy with white stones. After following the instructions, the Qiang nationality finally defeated their strong enemy. As a way of expressing their gratitude to the god who had appeared in the dream, the Qiang nationality began to worship the white stone. This tradition has been passed on from generation to generation ever since. After the Qiang nationality settled along the Mingjiang River, they put white stones on the top of their houses, on shrines for idols, as well as on the sides of roads and fields.
Next let me tell you something about the architecture of Qiang people.
The Qiang ethnic group has been renowned since ancient times for their consummate skills in erecting stone houses. The blockhouses, as an emblem of the Qiang people, are the crystallization of Qiang wisdom and craftsmanship in stone building. Their homes are block made from different size of stones and built like fortresses. The Qiang people call their houses ―Zhuangfang‖, or ―Wozhe‖in their language. An average ―Zhuangfang‖ is a five-storey structure. The first floor is used to raise livestock. The second floor consists of a fire pit and a few rooms for people to live. The third floor is a small platform and sacrificial altar called ―Ruojige‖, which serves for worshipping gods. The roof stretches out as a sunning surface for drying crops.
Dear friends, later we will have lunch at Maoxian hotel. After having lunch, we will continue to appreciate Song pan County, Chuanzhu Temple, and then arrive at Jiuzhaigou Valley.
While getting off the bus, please don’t forget valuables on the bus. We’ll gather at the gate of Maoxian Hotel. In case of getting lost, please remember the numbers of our bus and my phone.
Let’s have a rest and wait to see the beautiful scenery of Jiuzhaigou Valley .Thank you!
成都—乐山
Good morning, L/G, today we are scheduled to Leshan, which is almost 170km away from Chengdu, and it will take two hours to reach Leshan city by passing Shuangliu, Xinjin, Pengshan, Meishan, Jiajiang, and finally arrive at Leshan.
Dear my friends. After forty minutes, we have passed Shuangliu and Xinjin counties. Please look out of the window; we can see many peaks with forest of lush evergreen trees encircling each spot and white clouds billowing. It seems like fairyland. In fact, it is a fairyland for longevity. It’s Pengshan. Do you know who lived longest in the world? It’s not the woman in India, who lived 130 years old. It is Pengzu, who was born in 1348 B.C. and died in 1210B.C. He lived for 138 years, which made him a symbol of longevity in China. It is one of the counties of Meishan. In ancient time it was called Wuyang and was established during the Qin dynasty. Today I will not talk much more about it as a county with high grain production, but I’d like to talk about it as a home of longevity.
In all ages, in all countries, in all sectors, people spare no effort in seeking the secret for longevity. Wha t’s Pengzu’s secret for that? Let’s explore it together.
In the county is a mountain called Mt. Pengzu. It is the fairly tale mountain where it is said that Pengzu practiced his longevity exercise. Pengzu studied the relations between man and nature, food and health, martial arts and fitness, and proposed four techniques for maintaining good health. They are known as the absorbing technique. According to the investigation, the percentage of the old people over 100 years old in Pengshan County is much higher than those in other places across the country.
In China, you can immediately identify long-livers, to be more exact, old people. They walk around, leaning on other canes. You can tell for sure that those old people are 90, 100, or older.
Perhaps I should tell you more about some traditional Chinese health exercise. One of the popular exercises is shadow boxing called Taijiquan. It is commonly understood to mean ―grand ultimate boxing‖. As far as old people are concerned, it is superior to other forms of Chinese martial art. The open and close movement of Taiji reflects the Chinese philosophical concept of an endless cycle. Taiji practice restores vigorous health, improves digestion, and raises one’s spirits. The practice further emphasizes that it has the ability to improve the circulation of blood and energy throughout the whole body.
There are many other ways for the possible achievement of longevity in China. Some elders do Qigong exercise, some stick to diets, others walk backward. The teaching of longevity and immortality emerged in ancient China. It was an important component of Daoism. Taoist developed some respiration methods to increase the life span. For instance, one can breathe as a tortoise or any other animal, which lives longer than man.
Well, L/G, In Britain, Shakespeare was famous for his drama. In honor of him, a Stratford Town was established and became famous. In Rome, Homer enjoys high reputation after writing the history of Homer. The town where he once lived was established to commemorate him. In Sichuan, there was a family with three first-class poets. After they were famous, a shrine was established for them in their hometown. Do you know who are they? Where is it located? Yes, that’s San Su from Meishan, which is the next stop of us. When we reach, I’ll give you more details.
Urban Areas in Chengdu
My dear friends;
Good morning, L/G. May I have your attention, please. Now we are on the way to Jinjiang Hotel, which is almost 20Km away from Shuangliu International Airport. It will take us almost half an hour by passing through Airport Expressway, the Second Ring Road, and South Renmin Road. I am He Yongxin. On behalf of all the staff of my travel agency, I’d like to express our warm welcome to all of you to come to Chengdu. We are delight to serve and accompany with you in the following days. Please do remember the bus No. and my phone No., in case that you get separated from our group. Please take the valuables with you while getting off the bus. Thank you.
Well, my friends, now we are at the end of the airport expressway. Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan province. Why do we call it Chengdu? As the history recorded ，In 4C B.C., the king of the ancient Shu moved his capital to this site and named Chengdu, which literally means ―becoming a capital‖.
Famous director, Zhang Yimou, said Chengdu, a city, let you be reluctant to part. Today I will neither talk about the favorable climate nor delicious Sichuan Cuisine. I’d like to talk about the nicknames of Chengdu first, such as the Brocade City and the Hibiscus City. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the fast-growing brocade industry, Brocade Officials was established in Chengdu to take charge of the brocade industry. So Chengdu earned the nickname Brocade City. During the Five-Dynasty Period the king, Mengchang, planted the hibiscus all over the entire city. When they are in bloom, the spectacles extended for 65 km. It displays in three colors each day. So Chengdu is known as the hibiscus city.
OK, now we are approaching the second ring road of Chengdu with the length of 28km. Please look at the top of the bridge. What can you see? Yes, sun and bird. That’s sunbird, which excavated in Jinsha Ruins. It became the symbol of China Cultural Heritage. Next to the excavation of Sanxingdui Ruins in Guanghan City, the Jinsha Ruins are the most important discovery in Sichuan. Many historical exports believe that the Jinsha Ruins might well have been the political, economic and cultural center of Chengdu after the decline of the Sanxingdui civilization. Therefore, the government has decided to combine the Jinsha Ruins with the Sanxingdui Ruins and to apply for designation as a World Cultural Heritage site. The unanswered questions posed by timeless cultures remind us of the Pyramids, the Maya civilization and the mysteries of the Sanxingdui Ruins. The discoveries in Jinsha Ruins contribute to a better understanding of the Ancient Shu culture. And Jinsha boasts numerous gold ware, jade ware, bronze ware and so on, which attracts many celebrities to come here, such as Yudan, Yizhongtian, Shaoqiwei and so on.
Well, my friends, now, our bus is approaching Jinjiang Hotel, which ranks five-star. We will live here in the following days. Jingjiang Hotel is locate along the Jinjiang riverside, where is interesting to explore the local culture while walking along the river.
OK, now please get off the car one by one.
成都---蜀南竹海
Dear Tourists,
Good morning! We are going to visit Shunan Bamboo Forest. It’s about 400kilometres from Chengdu to Shunan Bamboo Forest. It will take about 5 hours. Starting from Chengdu, we’ll pass three major cities, including Jianyang, Ziyang, Neijiang, Zigong, and Yibin.
In the past two hours, we have appreciated Jianyang, Ziyang, the sweat-city, Neijiang. Now we are on Neijiang-Yibin expressway. Please look out of the window; we can see many dinosaur-shaped trees. We will arrive at Zigong, the home of dinosaur, in several minutes.
It was officially established in 1939, with the initial characters of the wells Ziliujing and Gongjing as its name. It was granted as a China Key Historical and Cultural City in1988.
Today, I won’t tell you the Gong Fan, the pitch-dye and paper cutting which are famous as the Lesser Three Specials. Do you know the Greater Three Specials? I will neither talk about it as the Hometown of Dinosaur nor as the Lantern City in Southern China. I’d like to talk about it as the Salt Capital of China
Well salt is our today’s highlight. Zigong is the major well salt producer of China, with a long salt making history. At that time, it enjoyed the equal fame for salt with Shandong for sea salt. Generations of workers have invented a set of unique techniques and crafts in well drill and salt processing. We all know the four great inventions in ancient China. But some scholars said there are five great inventions. Do you know what the fifth one is? After my interpretation, you will get the answer. As the history recorded, the drilling of the Shenghai Well, which was over 1,000 meters deep, began in 1830 and took five years to complete. It is said to be the deepest well in the world at that time. The well was drilled by the method of percussion, which showed the maturity of well drilling technology in the world. The Shenghai Well is a milestone in the history of world science and technology. The percussion drilling method is honored as the ―fifth great invention‖ in China. Because of its remarkable historic and scientific value, the Shenghai Well was ratified as a China Cultural Relic Unit under Protection by the State Council in 1988. Now we can see many tools and listen to many folk stories about well salt in Zigong Salt History Museum.
In addition, Zigong is the birthplaces of a number of nationally outstanding figures such as: Liguangdi, one of the ―Six Gentlemen of Reform Movement in 1898‖. Gao Ming, who once win Olympic Championship in 24th and 25th Olympic Games and is respectfully called the Diving Empress.
Well, my friends, now, saying goodbye to the salt capital, we will leave for Yibin，which is named as Liquor City. It will take us almost 1 hour. Everyone here may have heard of Five-Grain Liquor. It is a good kind wine famous in China; enjoy the great reputation in the world with Mao-tai in Guizhou. Ok, please have a break and restore energy for the next destination. Thank you.
四川省2016年导游考试（面试）要求及考试 内容 四川省xx年导游考试（面试）要求及考试内容 第一章口试概况 第一节口试规则 一.指导思想 二.考试方式 三.考试内容 （一）中文类 （二）外语类 四.考试要素 五.评分标准 （一）中文类 （二）外语类六.考试流程 第二节口试重点及要领 一.资料搜集与整合 二.资料甄别与取舍 三.主题提炼 四.重点内容与自身知识结构的契合 五.语言表达
（一）中文类 （二）外语类六.礼仪规范 第二章景点讲解要领 第一节动与静 一.聚焦点的动 二.立足点的静 第二节质与量 一.“名”.“形”.“色”.“韵”的黄金分割 二.“名”.“形”.“色”.“韵”的定量分析第三节技与艺 一.逻辑层次 二.讲解方法 第三章中文类景点讲解范围 第一节景点范围及概要 一.九寨沟-黄龙旅游区 （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 二.峨眉山-乐山大佛旅游区 （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛
三.青城山-都江堰旅游区 （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 四.阆中古城景区 （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 五.小平故里（含纪念馆.思源广场.小平故居） （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛六.剑门关景区 （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛七.蜀南竹海景区 （一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛八.成都武侯祠博物馆-杜甫草堂博物馆（一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 第四章外语类景点讲解范围
第一节景点范围及概要 一.峨眉山-乐山大佛景区（一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 二.青城山-都江堰旅游区（一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 三.成都大熊猫繁育研究基地（一）景点特质 （二）讲解选点 （三）画龙点睛 第五章知识回答 第一节导游规范知识问答（一）服务准备环节 1.熟悉团队 2.落实接待事宜 3.物质准备 4.知识和语言准备 5.形象和心理准备 （二）地陪服务环节
美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向
以下为爱麟霖/(Curlylin)倾情奉献，需要的朋友可以参考一下 7. Friendship (Listening and Speaking Course, Unit 3; Integrated Course, Unit 2) 1) Do you have many friends? What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Why? Yes. I’d like to make friends with loyal people. In my opinion,a friend is a person who can share his/hers happiness with you, who can lend you a shoulder when you cry,who can give you a hand when you are in trouble without asking for anything in return. In a word,a friend in need is a friend indeed, I think a loyal people can do the things which were mentioned above for his/hers true friend. So I prefer to make friends with loyal people, and I also believe I am a loyal people who you can make friends with. 2) How do you make friends? Please comment on “a friend you buy isn’t worth the price”. First,I’d like to talk to him to find out whether we have the same interest with each other. If the answer is YES,then we have the foundation to develop a friendship. The next days, all we need to do is to treat each other by heart and soul. 3) How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? How can we keep friendship alive? As for me, I regard friendship as a very important part in my life.Just imagine a life,there’s no one to be your friend. What life could be if you had no friend to talk to , no friend to comfore you and cheer you up when you were having a hard time,no friend to lend you a hand when you needed help …… Life without friends is unthinkable ... We have to do hard work to build up and sustain our friendship. First, let your friends know that you really care about them.It’s important to give some cues to your friends. Be sure your friend knows that she is cared about.Second,try to be with your friends when they are in trouble when they need you. Keeping friendship alive is not only to say some sweet words,but need some real action. 4) What does friendship mean to you? What kind of friends do you think are true friends? It's a fantastic experience in whole of my life. Friendship to me is what water to fish.I can't live without a real friend. 2问见（1） 5) How can we get along well with other people? To begin with, we need to be honest with others and always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. After all,honesty is the best policy. Second, we have to be humble enough. If we are proud in public, we can hardly win other's respect, not to mention "friendship" . Finally, we must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others. As long as we abide[?'ba?d] by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others.
1.Traveling alone Please talk about traveling alone according to the following hints 1) Describing traveling alone 2) Advantages of traveling alone 3) How to prepare for a solo travel Nowadays,traveling alone is not uncommon, most people love traveling alone becaus e of the feeling on their roads.Traveling alone can open you up to unique personal ex perience in new place. If you love freedom,Traveling alone is your best choice.When you are traveling alone, your time and budget（预 算） are your own! It's all up to you how much time to spend someplace, what your daily modes（方 式） of travelwill be！ And it's easier to make friends with the locals. Solo travel can be a great opportunity for reflection and moving at an individual pace. Traveling by y ourself, you only have to please yourself. But you should prepare for your solo travel ,too.Without a thoughtful preparation,your traveling won’t be so successfully. You ha ve to prepare all your need before setting off.Like medicine,ID card,passport,camera and so on.A solo travel means you may be lonely and bored,so bring some interesting magizines to make your travel more funny. And the last,do what you want! Teacher’s Questions: 1)Would you like to travel in a group or alone? (Why or Why not?) Yes.Because it’s an unusual experience for me to learn how to be more independent,and I also enj oy the unconstraint. 2) What places are your ideal destinations if you are traveling solo? Why do you t hink so? HaiNan island.Because the scenery there is very charming and I can eat bananas and coconut as many as I can. 2. Staying Healthy The following are ways some people try to stay healthy. Please offer your comments. 1) Regular exercise 2) Balanced diet 3) Good living habit Health is the most precious（珍贵 的） wealth we have,so it is important to take good care of our health,here are some advice to help you to stay healthy. There is an old saying says:An apple a day keep doctor away.A balance diet is import
[职业资格类试卷]2011年四川省导游资格考试（导游实务）真题试卷 一、单选题 1 在旅游活动的构成要素中，( )是旅游主体。 （A）旅游者 （B）旅游资源 （C）旅行社 （D）旅游业 2 对于游客而言，最能体现旅行社服务水平和质量的是( )。 （A）咨询工作 （B）计调工作 （C）外联工作 （D）导游工作 3 以下说法错误的是( )。 （A）导游服务程序是保证导游服务质量的前提 （B）导游服务程序是国家旅游主管部门制定的导游服务步骤和质量规范 （C）导游服务程序可以涵盖游客广泛的个性化需求 （D）导游服务按程序操作，可以达到基本的满意度，保证团队运行的顺利开展4 接到带团任务后，导游工作的第一步是( )。
（A）接站工作 （B）致欢迎词 （C）熟悉团队 （D）联系食宿 5 导游员带国内旅游团队时无须携带的证件有( )。 （A）导游证 （B）团队接待计划表 （C）黄皮书 （D）身份证 6 导游安排团队购物的时间原则上每天一次，每次不超过( )分钟。 （A）30 （B）40 （C）50 （D）60 7 全陪应与领队和地陪认真核对并商定旅游活动日程。下列做法错误的是( )。 （A）全陪应主动与地陪核实各自手中的计划和日程安排是否一致 （B）全陪应注意行程上下站之间行程安排的互补性，减少重复 （C）活动日程的安排一般以组团社与游客商定的行程为依据
（D）如在商定过程中发现双方活动日程有出入，全陪有权更改 8 下列不需要填写《中华人民共和国海关出境旅客行李物品申报单》的是 ( )。 （A）随身佩戴的金银饰品 （B）珍贵文物及濒危动植物标本 （C）价值超过5000元人民币的照相机、摄像机和手提电脑等物品 （D）超过2万元的人民币现钞 9 领队应告诉游客，海外住店给服务生的小费不宜放在( )。 （A）枕下 （B）床头柜上 （C）写字台上 （D）抽屉中 10 到东南亚小乘佛教国家旅行，领队应提醒游客尊重当地习俗和禁忌。下列告诫不恰当的是( )。 （A）忌用脚开关门或踩踏寺庙门槛 （B）忌与僧侣交谈 （C）忌触摸当地小孩头部 （D）忌用左手递物 11 景区导游在为旅游团交代景区游览线路和注意事项时，地点最好选择在 ( )。
导游服务规范知识（含职业道德规范） 1 what are the basic moral norms for the citizens in our country? the basic moral norms refer to loving our motherland ,abiding by law, keeping credit , being united and friendly ,being thrifty and hardworking, and offering as tribute. 2 what is the specific connotation of our socialism ethics the specific connotations refer to three aspects, that is , a core of serving people, a principle of collectivism, and the basic content of ‘the five love’(love our motherland, love people, love labor, love science, love socialism) 3 what are the features of the tourist professional ethics there are four key features, that is ,progressive on times, loftily objective, highly conscious and extensively practice 4 what are the basic norms of socialism tourist professional ethics the basic norms include loving one’s position and hardworking, to be honest and credible, keeping justice, serving the visitors, contribute to the society 5 what contents do the tourist professional ethics presently include it include three aspects, one is ‘the three views’ education of Marxism(view of world ,view of life, view of value),the other is ‘the three virtues’ education of socialism(social ethics, family virtue, professional morals),still one is ‘the three consciousness ’education of professional morals of the tourism industry (political ,job love and service consciousness) 6 what are the principles for the guide to comply with when serving the tour group (1)positively strive for cooperation of others (2)respect authority and interest of other people (3)found a relation of mutual friendship (4)respect each other and share the duties 7 in order to master the travel tickets situation of the tour group, the local guide should check as follows (1)make sure that the ticket for the next leg have booked and implement the modified booking if there are any change (2)find out if there are return tickets and the international tickets for domestic passage (3)make clear of the tickets type 8 how do local guide make preparations before guiding (1)the local guide should be well prepared for the key items by familiarizing the introduction materials in foreign language (2)when receiving professional group, local guide should know about related knowledge and technical terms/jargon (3)prepare topics which may interest the visitors, such as the highlights at that time or the great news home and abroad 9 the methods of recognizing tour group local guide can meet tourist by lifting a sign or flag at an eye-catching position.Meanwhile,he should actively judge his group from the ethnic features and dress ,agent badge .Still ,he can make out by checking the group number ,the pax ,or the name ,ect. 10 local guide need to make a brief introduction of the locality, such as the climate condition, the population, culture and tradition, native products, history etc.on the way, he also can introduce the city appearance, general development situation and the key buildings and avenues 11 local guides should introduce the basic conditions of the hotel ,including the hotel name and position, the distance from airport, its level, scale, ,main facilities ,direction. and the check-in procedure,etc
1. No Pains, No Gains The height which great men reach and keep is not attained by a sudden flight. Most of us feel envious of the famous and successful people. We do not understand why they are so popular and honored while we are mere simple common folks. In our misconception, we think that people are prosperous because they are especially gifted or that they are “just lucky”. All these have taken root in our stubborn minds, and we refuse to believe that most great men have a mind which is the same as, or perhaps even simpler and duller than ours. Yet, their triumphs are great. Why? Because they are apt to fight difficulties with perseverance and without fatigue, undergo sufferings without minding the wounds; they realize that hardships form the road which they must pass through before reaching their destination. Their endurance is more powerful than that of ours for the simple reason that they submit without complaint to each storm in life. 2. Don’t Give Up If we would ever accomplish anything in life, let us not forget that we must persevere. If we would learn our lessons in school, we must be diligent and not give up whenever we come across anything difficult. We will find many of our lessons very hard, but let us consider that the harder they are the better they will be for us if we will persevere and learn them thoroughly. But there are some among us who are ready to give up when they come to a hard example in mathematics, and say, “I can’t do this.” They never will if they feel so. “I can’t” never does anything worthwhile; but “I’ll try” accomplishes wonders. Let us remember that we will meet with difficulties all through life. They are in the pathway of everyone. If we will only try and keep trying, we will be sure to conquer and overcome every difficulty we meet. If we have a hard lesson today, let us strive to learn it well and
考研英语面试中，在自我介绍完结束后，老师就会开始问你问题。在回答过程中要结合自己的经历和见解来准备答案，让自己回答的问题和整个的自我介绍融为一个整体。 在每一年的面试中都会有很多相同的问题，这些问题看起来很平常，却有很多陷阱，一不小心就会被考官抓主“小辫子”了。回答这些常见的看起来很平常的问题，是很有艺术的。考研教育网编辑将历年中常见的问题进行搜集、整理，供考生参考 1、What can you tell me about yourself？（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？） In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I'm very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best. 分析：这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史。是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。 答案译文：在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。 2.What would you like to be doing five years after graduation？（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）
2015年四川导游资格证考试真题卷（9）?本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时刻为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。 一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只要一个最契合题意） 1.双台子河口天然维护区是辽宁省规划最大的以维护湿 地生态系统和野生动物为主的天然维护区。双台子河是河流流入盘山县后的称号，该河流是辽宁省的：（）. A．辽河 B．浑河 C．大凌河 D．太子河 参考答案：A 2.东北三宝之一的鹿茸产自梅花鹿或马鹿没有骨化的幼角。一般来说这种鹿茸取自于：（）. A．雄鹿出世一年后的幼角 B．雌鹿出世一年后的幼角 C．雄鹿出世二年后的幼角 D．雌鹿出世二年后的幼角
参考答案：C 3.由火山喷出的岩浆通过冷却后构成下列哪种宝贵的物质：（）. A．煤精 B．琥珀 C．天然玉 D．天然玛瑙 参考答案：D 4.某旅行团在某市游湖时，一位旅行者提出要独自划船游湖，此刻导游员应：（）. A．赞同其要求，但不要伴随前往 B．阐明为了安全，不能赞同其要求 C．婉辞劝止，若游客坚持，不要阻挠 D．尽量逃避，不宜表态 参考答案：B 5.1982年，我国第一个国家森林公园在__诞生。 A．河北省 B．湖北省
C．四川省 D．湖南省 参考答案：D 6.闻名的金属工艺品“龙泉剑”出自__。A．北京 B．浙江 C．安徽 D．云南 参考答案：B 7.到2004年7月，我国共有__处世界遗产。A．22 B．31 C．34 D．36 参考答案：B 8.第二批当选我国优异旅行城市的是__。A．上海市 B．杭州市
C．无锡市 D．重庆市 参考答案：D 9.今世三台甫锦之一的云锦产地是__。 A．成都 B．姑苏 C．杭州 D．南京 参考答案：D 10.园林中修建的各种形状的门、窗、洞或树枝抱组成的景况，可将远处的天然山水和人文修建包括其间，使游人如入画廊，这便是__。 A．漏景 B．框景 C．借景 D．移景 参考答案：B 11.我国最早的诗篇总集是__。
导游考试真题 试卷一 Part I True or False (5 points, 0.5 points each) Directions: There are 10 statements in this section. For each statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should read them carefully, and choose the ONE answer you think is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. （注意：请将1-10题的答案填涂在答题卡上; 否则无效。） 1. It’s not necessary for tour guides to abide by professional ethics. A. It’s true. B. It’s hard to say. C. It all depends. D. It’s false. 2. English proficiency is a powerful tool for tour guides. A. It’s true. B. It’s hard to say. C. It all depends. D. It’s false. 3. Security of tourists is not always the most important issue. A. It’s true. B. It’s hard to say. C. It all depends. D. It’s false. 4. The tourists have no right to verify the travel plan. A. It’s true. B. It’s hard to say. C. It all depends. D. It’s false. 5. Round-the-clock room service isn’t offered in a 5-star hotel. A. It’s true. B. It’s hard to say. C. It all depends. D. It’s false. 173
二级英语口语考试题目参考 Topics: 1.Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? Why? 2.Do you think music can affect people' s lives, for example, to calm people, to cheer them up, or to increase efficiency? 3.Do you prefer to watch movies at home or at the cinema? Why? 4.How many types of movies do you know? What types of movies do you like? Why? 5.What do you know about wedding ceremonies in the United States? 6.What do you think are the standards for looking for a girlfriend or a boyfriend?
7.What are the negative social effects of advertisements? 8.What do you think are the advantages of advertisements? 9.Why do people keep pets? 10.What benefits can pets bring people? 11.What problems can pet ownership cause? 12.Are you for or against following fashion trends? Situations: 1.Suppose you are a big fan of Zeng Yike and you are crazy about her song Leo （狮子座）, so you are listening to it again and again in the dorm. However, your
Key 1 Tips 1: What can YOU do to make a child who is afraid of a new environment feel happy? 在我看来，孩子之所以会畏惧陌生环境的主要原因就是她们会觉得自己是孤单的，因为在这样的一个环境里他们没有熟悉的事物。我想我会通过以下的方法去帮助他们适应新环境。首先，我会尝试去陪他们玩，让他们先熟悉一下周围的环境。 其次，如果有跟他们同龄的孩子，我会介绍他们一起玩耍，当两个孩子有共同话题了，他会很快的忘记自己其实身处在一个陌生的地方。 如果这些都不管用，我想我会给他一些好吃的，哄哄他，孩子们总是禁不住食物的诱惑，有吃的他们就会开心了。 From my perspective, a child will afraid of a new environment mainly because they feel lonely in this kind of atmosphere. I think i will help them get rid of this feeling quickly by follows. Firstly, i will tend to play with the child, it is a good way to relax them in a short time. Besides, if there are some neighbor’s children, introducing the child to the neighbor’s children is also a smart idea to cope with this embarrassing situation. If these methods still can’t settle down the child’s unhappiness. Maybe you should buy some sweets to this guy, you know, children can’t resist the temptation of candies. Every child is a foodie. They will be happy immediately. You can’t imagine the power of candies will be. But if this guy still unhappy, then i am out of ideas. Tips 2: way to happiness From my perspective, we often feel unhappy mainly because we are tired of doing something or someone is troubled us. If i am unsatisfied with something, i will try to find some fun to cheer myself up. Firstly, taking some physical exercise is a effective way to alleviate this negative feeling. Every time i was unpleasant, i’d rather run around the track at least ten times wearing my lovely running shoes. Running can make me calm and help me consider these bothersome problems from a different angle so that i will be more happy than before. Besides, maybe there will be few man getting some problems of their opinion about this world. I suggested that this kinds of person should stay with some happy people, these positive attitudes will infect them. If these guy still feel unsatisfied with the live, i strongly think that they should go to visit a doctor to solve the problems. But the most important way to happiness i think is do the things you wanted to do. There is no better way to do things you like. It’s terrific. tips 3:Do you like leisure activities (such as fishing) or adventurous activities (such as bungee jumping and F1 car racing)? Explain your choice. key 2 Tips 1: Talk about the pros and cons of following the fashion trends. Well, following the fashion trends is beneficial in a variety of ways. Firstly, it can show one’s new and up-to-date ideas. You know, there are lots of superstars will follow the fashion trends. Meanwhile, some of them are the representative of fashion.