当前位置:文档之家› 《刘邦论得天下之道》阅读答案翻译译文中考语文试题解析理解

《刘邦论得天下之道》阅读答案翻译译文中考语文试题解析理解

《刘邦论得天下之道》阅读答案翻译译文中考语文试题解析理解
《刘邦论得天下之道》阅读答案翻译译文中考语文试题解析理解

《刘邦论得天下之道》阅读答案翻译译文

中考语文试题解析理解

刘邦论得天下之道

帝置酒洛阳南宫。上曰:“列侯、诸将毋敢隐朕①,皆言其情:我所以有天下者何?项氏之所以失天下者何?”高起、王陵对曰:“陛下使人攻城略地,因以与之②,与天下同其利;项羽不然,有功者害之,贤者疑之,此其所以失天下也。”上曰:“公知其一,未知其二。夫③运筹帷幄之中,决胜千里之外;吾不如子房④;镇国家,抚百姓,给饷馈,不绝粮道,吾不如萧何;连百万之众,战必胜,攻必取,吾不如韩信。三者皆人杰,吾能用之,此吾所以取天下者也。项羽有一范增⑤而不用,此所以为我所禽也。”群臣说服。

导读:刘邦在楚汉之争中最终大获全胜,他之所以能据有天下,“善于用人”是取胜的重要法宝。

注释:①列侯;汉代制度,王子封为侯的,叫诸侯;不姓刘的大臣因功封侯的,叫列侯。朕:皇帝的自称。②因:就。以与之:即“以之与之”,把它(城镇、土地)赐给他们。③夫(f ):句首语气助词,表示引起下文议论。④子房:张良,子房,刘邦的谋士。本是战国韩国人,他家曾五世相韩,秦灭韩后,张良用全部家财访求刺客,要给韩国报仇。后来请个力士,袭击秦始皇于博浪沙(在今河南省原阳县东南),没击中秦始皇本人。张良改名换姓逃避于下邳(在今江苏省邳县

东南),跟黄石公学了兵法,辅佐刘邦灭了项羽,封留侯。⑤范增:项羽的谋士。年七十,辅佐项羽起兵成霸业。项羽尊他为“亚父”。灭秦后,项羽约刘邦在鸿门(今陕西省临潼县东北的项王营)会见,范增劝项羽借机会杀刘邦,项羽不听。后来刘邦进行离间,项羽果然怀疑范增,夺其权。他愤怒辞去,到彭城,背上生疮而死。

精练:

一、解释加点的词

1.列侯、诸将毋敢隐朕()2.陛下使人攻城略地()

3.有功者害之()3.给饷馈( )

5.群臣说服()6.此所以为我所禽也()

二、翻译

1.我所以有天下者何?项氏之所以失天下者何?

2.三者皆人杰,吾能用之,此吾所以取天下者也。

三、“项羽有一范增而不用”,试举项羽拒不听从范增劝说的例子。

【参考译文和答案】

98.刘邦论得天下之道

汉高帝刘邦在洛阳南宫摆下酒宴。皇上说:“列侯、诸将不要隐瞒我,都说出你们的想法:我得天下的原因是什么?项羽失掉天下的原因是什么?”高起、王陵回答说:“陛下派人攻打城池,夺取土地,就分封给他们,和天下人同享好处。项羽不是这样,有功劳的就嫉妒人家,有才能的就怀疑人家,这就是他失掉天下的原因。”皇上说:“你们只知道问题的一个方面,不知道另一面。在军帐中运筹谋略,

能决定胜利于千里之外,我比不上张良;镇守国家,安抚百姓,供给军饷,不断粮道,我比不上萧何;联合百万军兵,战必胜,攻必取,我比不上韩信。这三位都是杰出的人才,我能任用他们,这就是我夺取天下的原因。项羽有一个范增却不能任用,这就是他被我擒获的原因啊。”群臣听了,心悦诚服。

一、1.隐瞒2.夺取3.嫉妒4.供给、供应5.同“悦”6.同“擒”,擒获

二、1.我得天下的原因是什么?项羽失掉天下的原因是什么?

2.这三位都是杰出的人才,我能任用他们,这就是我夺取天下的原因。

三、鸿门宴中范增数次递眼色给项羽(数目项王),让他杀刘邦,他都不听从。

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