新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说
（上）
听力原文
LESSON1
Music
1.B.she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two
2.c.Ask the school radio station for help
3.d.the book does include the answer
4.B.He probably has a poor memory
5.D.spend some time travelling
6.B the man should refer to the instruction manual
7.A he has received his telephone bill.
8.B he assigns too much work
9.B he’ll go and watch the fireworks
10.A he had bad study habits
11.D Casual dress will be appropriate
12.C he wants her to get him a newspaper
13.C she’ll try to see what method was used
14.B ask Carol to play tennis
15.A he is likely to buy a new printer the Passage II:American Music
1.D All of the above
2.D Because it has a fast pace and rhythmic beat
3.C The blues is usually played by black musicians
4.C Rock music was influenced by the blues and country music
5.C The words of songs differ,and so does the enjoyment of American pop music
Passage III:Music in Different Cultures
1.C In Western culture
2.B Classical music and popular music
3.C Music is a special form of communication with supernatural being in Asia
4.D Religious ritual宗教仪式
5.D Friendship
LESSON2
1.B She‘s not going to graduated school immediately after graduation.
2.A Hurry
3.C The man should buy a high-quality printer.
4.C Where the woman got coupon
5.A She has changed her schedule
6.B the man’s current roommate is moving
7.D the man won’t be able to go to the party
8.B They eventually arrived
9.D The man’s apartment is dirty
10.D Doris purchased it for her
11.C She won’t be able to get the student discount
12.A She won’t be able to get the book before class
13.C She isn’t surprised
14.C she needs to read the page carefully
15.B Send the new students on a bus tour of city
PART B
Passage I:
1.A Two weeks
2.C Eight days
3.D Florida
4.C Europe
5.B For skiing
Passage II:
1.A Roman ruler
2.D At the end of summer
3.D To drive a way evil spirits from their home
4.A They throw broken piece of jars or pots against the sides of friends’houses
5.B Italy
LESSON3
见B5
LESSON4
Education
PART A
1.D He is satisfied with it
2.C Tom should consider quitting the track team
3.D Her skin is sensitive to the sun
4.B They won’t go swimming in the lake that day
5.B The man saw Jane wearing the sweater
6.D The man should get his car checked
7.C She thinks the cafeteria is too expensive
8.A Keep looking for his wallet
9.C To invite him to go to a film
10.A She wants to exercise before she runs
11.D She worked hard on her presentation
12.A It’s just past ten o’clock
13.B He won’t do as the women asks
14.B The woman should go to California to attend the wedding 15.C He thinks he selected a nice scarf PART B Passage I:
1.B Post-Civil War developments in higher education in the USA
2.B Three
3.C Over one million
4.D Harvard and John Hopkins University
5.D It was not highly developed. Passage III:
1.B Students have to attend school until the age of fifteen or sixteen.
2.C Quebec
3.A Traditional universities
4.B The relationship between their curricula,the economy and society
5.D Education in Canada is unique because of its bilingual and bicultural heritage LESSON5
Life on Campus PART A
1.C.the information may be inaccurate
2.A.he has trouble remembering when things happen
3.D.she needs a warm jacket
4.B.she saw Becky recently
5.B.she isn't really interested in art museums
6.C.her roommate forgot to give her the message
7.C.the man is too sensitive
8.D.he regrets that he can't go to the party9.B he feel a little tired
10.D.bills behavior could cause him to lose his job
11.A.the woman's roommate went to get it
12.C.being well rested will help Debra in the exam
13. A.he's grow very quickly
14.D.he doesn't know how to operate the computer
15.A.discuss the situation with the person in charge of the dormitory PART B Passage1:Homing Options in the United States
1.C.international students国际学生
2. d.the advantages and disadvantages of living on and off campus
3. A.a residence hall学生宿舍
4. B.having much privacy
5.D.wasting time in transportation
1.B.the residence hall is very far from the sea
2.D.a computer
3.A.on the first floor
4.D.a group of well-trained staff训练有素的员工
5.B.students are required to have meals in the dining hall食堂
LESSON6
见B5
LESSON7
LESSON SEVEN Health
1.B.reference books are not allowed to be checked out签出
2.D.the man should give up watching the movie
3.C.the man met a friend by chance 偶然
4.C.at a newspaper office
5.A.they are equally competent胜任for the job
6.C.ask to have the package delivered 送来to his home
7.B.try to find another place to study
8.C.her sweater is not warm enough
9.D.he's too busy to clean the house
10. B.visit her relatives.
11.D.Fred probably borrowed someone else's sleeping bag.
12.B.two new-comers.
13.C.professor Johnson's lectures were boring
14.D.Watch the game at home
15.C.taking public transportation saves time Passage I:art in hospitals 1. A.the importance of the quality of the environment in hospitals
2.B.the artists are helping hospitals to transform the environment because they enjoy the job very much
3.C.An artist
4.B.5000
5.B.they would need less pain killers.止痛药
Passage I I:medicine in britain and america
1.B.in Britain,everyone goes to GP 全科to receive treatment接受治疗
2.D.the patients may have to wait a long time before they can see a specialist专家.
3.A.See a GP first
4.C.the cost of medical insurance is high to some people医疗保险成本很高
5.A.go to see a GP or an internist l.内科
LESSON9
Foods
PART A
1.B Go to the concert
2.C The woman should find out if she can reserve a table
3.A The plants may need more light
4.D Buy the woman some magazines
5.C The machine isn’t work right now
6.C She is a fast reader
7.D The time on her bus schedule may no longer be correct
8.D the car is in front of something interesting
9.B he can recommend many things to do
10.B give the woman her keys at her class
11.C the man can’t address the problem right then
12.A Find out if a place opens up in the course later
13.C Take a shower at the gym
14.D his cold will go away by itself
15.C It’s hasn’t been graded等级PART B
Passage I:English Food
1.B it’s not nourishing.不滋补
2.D Because English food often prepared rapidly迅速in large quantities where foreigners often eat.
3.C When eaten with fish,coarse oatmeal porridge燕麦粥is tasty and nourishing
4.A Veal小牛肉
5.D Puddings布丁
Passage II:
l.B Hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza
2.C Thanksgiving turkey
3.D Egg rolls
4.A Potato chips
5.D America is a land of immigrants.移民
LESSON10
Introducing Foreign Universities
Part A
1.D She doesn’t want anything to eat at that moment
2.A An electrician
3.A he doesn’t mind speaking English with an accent
4.C the man should get his money back
5.C his racket is not usable
6.C The man’s apartment
7.C he should choose a proper color
8.C go to work
9.B take the woman’s book with him
10.B Record himself practicing the presentation
11.D he forgot to return the notes to Pam
12.B he can’t schedule an appointment for the woman 13.B she wants to watch her sister play
14.C she doesn’t plan to move out of her apartment
15.A he isn’t very hungry right then
1.C Cambridge University is the place for student with discipline problems.纪律问题
2.A the student himself or herself
3.C At least AAB grades at GCE A-level or the equivalent
4.D The founding资金of the university.
5.C they go into a very wide range of occupations
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上） 听力原文 Lesson 1 Music 1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program? W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two. Q: What does the woman mean? B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two 2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising. M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help 3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book. Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer 4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before. W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful. Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money? W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip. Q: What's the woman going to do? D. spend some time travelling 6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music. W: Didn't an instruction manual [?m?nju?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it? Q: What does the woman imply? B the man should refer to the instruction manual 7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet, M: Oh, but I have. Q: What does the man mean? A he has received his telephone bill. 8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read. W: He must think you don't have any other classes. Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith? B he assigns too much work 9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight. W: I have tickets to the theater. Q: What plan does the man has that night? B he’ll go and watch the fireworks 10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute? Q: What can be inferred about the man? A he had bad study habits 11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue [?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine. Q: What does the woman imply? D Casual dress will be appropriate 12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something? M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean? C he wants her to get him a newspaper 13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算. W: Let me have a look, OK? Q: What does the woman mean? C she’ll try to s ee what method was used 14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us? M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案 Unit One Planning Your Future Career Reading Focus Traits of the Key Players Text Exploration Task 2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B Vocabulary in Action Task 1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B Task 2 1. public (c) 2. discipline (b) 3. strength (a) 4. reference (a) 5. strength (d) 6. public (a) 7. demonstrated (b) 8. discipline (c) 9. reference (c) 10. personality (a) 11. disciplining (d) 12. demonstrates (a) 13. public (d) 14. reference (b) 15. personality (c) Task 3 1. employment 2. paid 3. adjust
4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China
第五册 1.The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directlycommu-nicate with others are itsgreatestbenefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information cantrave-l attre mendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet us-es hun dreds ofthousands ofcomputers allconnected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allowsindividuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people ca-n easily communicate with oneanother. 2.With the 21 st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiringround easyinformation. If a nation can mak-e effective use of all the information it will benefit In the fields of Scientificresearch, education, economic development, etc. What the nati on needs to do is to establish anation-wide"information network",so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network isset up, itwill promote the second information revolution in the cou-nt ry. 3.With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have beenmore andmore widely employed. The popula rity of varied and numerous promotional activities such asdiscounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is tha t they not only helpmanufacturers andbusinesses earn higher and quick er profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with theproducts involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promoteproducts of inferiorquality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that. 4.Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which peopledisplaytheir talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If youunderstand thisintr insic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it beco mes bearable if it helpsbuild up areputation, whether in the world at l arge or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the mostessential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and form ost people this comes chieflythrough their work.In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life --in individuals and in civilization s. 5.America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there areemployees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, thegovernment took no notice of t he changes in its economic base and their effect on employmentand lif estyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many expert came up with variousideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulateconsumption. 6.The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 millionvictims each year, greatly exceeding our earlie r estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminalssteal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbe~, credit card numbers, and other piece s ofan individual's information such as date of birth. They use this inf ormation to buy as many thingsas they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime.People wh ose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleani ng up the messthe thieves have made of their credit record. 7.Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mailan attachment called "Anna Kournikova.jpg.vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the documentto have a look at the Rus sian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated andwill copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express ", spreading the virus evenfarther. E-viruses, which flood the Intemet t hrough dubious e-mails with fancy bait, makeproduction of anti-virus p rograms a profitable business. 8.Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation anddivorce. In certain areas of the country these tr ends have resulted in a growing number ofsingleparentfamilies and rem arried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution ofm arriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four ont of five divorced cou ples eventually remarryother people. These shifts in family relationship s may be interpreted as a breakdown or as anadaptation of the Americ an family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes,accordi ng to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the fa mily structure, adisintegration of values, and a decline of morality. 第六册 1.While he shared his generation’s horror of war and was once called the “spiritual father”of appeasement. Keynes never, in fact, enterained the delusion that Hitler could be pacified. He hated the NAZI regime, never visited Germany after 1933.Instead,as Britain’s chief negotiator in contact with the Allies against Hitler. He pursued vigorously the com mon interest between London and Washington. 2.Some people wrongly believe that the United States is a land of opp ortunity, and that everbody enjoys equal opportunities. With various dr eams in mind,many well-trained professionals steadily mignate to the United States insearch of a good life.Some of them are even willing to live any life there. They would rather live in poverty there than en -joy a relativeprosperity at home. Therefore,lawers and doctors from C entral America may be found washing cars or waiting on tables in Mi ami. 3.Just as the 21st century requires a more diffused and safer balance Of interest in what needs to be an increasingly multilateral global villa ge, there is a risk of economic, institutional and political power being centralized in the European Community, and that a new bout of econ omic empire building may occur. 4.The path led straight through a wide stream.She could no longer risk disorientation by circling such obstacles.She took off her clothes and, with her belongings in ayion bag held above her head. She stepped into the chilling, neck-deep water. Minutes later she emerged. shaking uncontrollbably.But after warming herself by a small fire and re-dress ing, she set off with increased confidence.The limits of her physical capacity were expanding.
1“弗兰肯食品”能养活世界吗? 1、如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 2、事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 3、但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? 4、关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了60 亿。联合国预测，到2D0年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物工程应用技术采购管理局(ISAAA)称，自1960年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降，并将在今后50年减少一半。 5、联合国估计，世界上有近8 亿人口营养不良。它产生的效应是破坏性的。大约有4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁，也就是说，她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷。数量多达1亿的儿童缺乏维生素A，这是导致失明的主要原因。还有数千万的人患有因食物匮乏而导致的其他严重疾病和营养不良症。 6、生物技术对此能做些什么呢?生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β—胡萝卜素(身体可将之转化为维生素A)和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。 7、虫害带来的损失令人难以置信。例如，欧洲玉米螟每年毁掉4000 万吨玉米，占世界玉米总产量的7％。把抗虫害的基因植入种子可以帮助避免这一损失。在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中，棉花的产量已大幅度提高。有人担心，抗虫害的转基因作物不仅将害虫杀死，而且有可能连益虫也一起杀死，但到目前为止，这种担心似乎没有根据。 8、病毒常常在发展中国家造成主要粮食作物的大面积歉收。两年前，花叶病毒使非洲损失了超过一半的木薯，而这种作物是当地人的主要食物。转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。含铝过高的土壤会损伤作物的根系并使许多主要作物歉收，对于这种问题生物技术也能帮助解决。目前，研究人员已经识别出一种有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因。 9、许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％，并且帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失。 10、尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题。在发展中国家，作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因。贫穷才是罪魁祸首。今天，全世界有超过10 亿人口每天靠不到1美元维持生计。如果农民没钱种植转基因作物或当地人买不起农民种出的粮食，培育转基因作物就无法减少饥饿。 11、此外，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题。从整体上看，世界生产的粮食足够养活所有人，但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方。尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。 12、生物技术也面临自身的“分配”问题。许多转基因作物方面的尖端研究都是富国的私
Unit One An Image or a Mirage C. 1. D 2.C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8.B 9. D 10.B V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good ima ge of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. Unit 2 Is Love An Art? C. 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C V. Translation A. 学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Party Politics Judith Martin 1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment. 2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered. 3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely. 5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long. 6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules. 7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise. 8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time. 9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。 They want to hire a “key player” from another company. 他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。 Every company also hires from ranks of newbies, 然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。 and what they're looking for is exactly the same. 他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。 “We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. “我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。 If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them.” 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。” It's just a bit risker.只是这样有点儿冒险。 “It's an educated guess,”“这是一种有根据的猜测，” says my hiring manager client.我的人事经理客户说。 Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. 作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，