新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上）
听力原文
Lesson 1 Music
1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program W: I contacted联系 his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到 lunch until two.
Q: What does the woman mean
B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two
2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [triti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.
M: How about using the school radio station They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告
Q: What does the man suggest they do
c. Ask the school radio station for help
3. W: I don't understand why this self-study 自学book doesn't have answers to the questions.
M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.
Q: What does the man say about the
self-study book
d. the book does include the answer
4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.
W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.
Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager
B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked And do you have enough money
W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip.
Q: What's the woman going to do
D. spend some time travelling
6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music.
W: Didn't an instruction manual [mnjul] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it Q: What does the woman imply
B the man should refer to the instruction manual
7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet,
M: Oh, but I have.
Q: What does the man mean
A he has received his telephone bill.
8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.
W: He must think you don't have any other classes.
Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith
B he assigns too much work
9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight.
W: I have tickets to the theater.
Q: What plan does the man has that night
B he’ll go and watch the fireworks
10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up 熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.
W: Why do you always wait till the last minute Q: What can be inferred about the man
A he had bad study habits
11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue [bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.
Q: What does the woman imply
D Casual dress will be appropriate
12. W: I'm going to the snack [snk] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something
M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me
Q: What does the man mean
C he wants her to get him a newspaper
13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[klkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算.
W: Let me have a look, OK
Q: What does the woman mean
C she’ll try to see what method was used
14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us
M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do
B ask Carol to play tennis
15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet
M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.
Q: What does the man likely to do the following month
A he is likely to buy a new printer the following month.Passage II: American Music
One of America's most important exports出口 is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by the people of all ages in all countries.Although the lyrics ['liriks] 歌词are English, people not speaking English can enjoy it too. The reasons for its popularity普遍,流行; are its fast pace [peis步子；节奏and rhythmic [remk] 有韵律的, 有节奏的beat[bi:t]节拍, 拍子.
The music has many origins [ridin]起点; 来源in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural农村的，乡村的areas in the southern United States, is one source来源, 出处. Country music features以…为物色是…特征 simple themes 题目，主题，and melodies 曲调, 歌曲 describing day-to-day situations形势; 情况 and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate欣赏, 赏识, this music because of the emotions 情感，感情expressed by country music songs.
A second origin of American popular music is the blues[blu:z]布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲. It depicts描述 mostly sad feelings reflecting 表达; 反映 the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.
（Rock music）摇滚音乐is a newer form of music. This music style风格, featuring .以…为物色是…特征 fast and repetitious重复的;反复的rhythms节奏, was influenced by the blues布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock,and others. Many
performers of popular music are young musicians.
American popular music is marketed在市场上出售某物 to a demanding(顾客的)需求、需要audience观众, 听众; 读者. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original 起初的; 原来的English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal普遍的.
1. Which group of people enjoy American music
D All of the above
2. Why is American music so popular in all countries
D Because it has a fast pace and rhythmic beat
3. What can be learned from the passage
C The blues is usually played by black musicians
4. What do you know from the passage
C Rock music was influenced by the blues and country music
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
C The words of songs differ, and so does the enjoyment of American pop music
Passage III: Music in Different Cultures
In western culture music is regarded as good by birth在血统上,生来, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures文化-- for example, Islamic 伊斯兰的,伊斯兰教的culture -- it is of little value, associated (使)发生联系, (使)联合; 结交, 结伙with sin [sin]罪恶, 罪孽and evil罪恶. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical古典的, 经典的music, composed 组成, 构成 and performed by trained professionals具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士originally最初under the support of courts 宫廷, 宫室 and religious宗教的establishments
建立, 确立; second, folk music民间音乐, shared by the population at large and passed on传递; 传授orally口头上地,口述地, and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread (使)传播, (使)散布through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed消耗，耗尽by the mass public.
Music is a major component成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件in religious宗教的services, theater 剧场,戏院,, and entertainment娱乐, 文娱节目, 表演会of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious rituals仪式. In some tribal [trabl] 部落的societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural超自然的;鬼、神或幻术所引起的beings, and its prominent显着的; 突出的use in modern Christian基督教徒and Jewish犹太人的;犹太教徒的services may be the leftover of just such an original原始的purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence遵守;遵循；坚持. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol象征, 标志. Members of most societies share keen热衷的, 热心的, feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to". Indeed, some minorities少数, 小部分including, in the U. ., black Americans and Euro-American groups use music as a major symbol of group identity身份. Music also symbolizes象征;作为…的象征 military军事的,
军用的;, patriotic [ptritik]爱国的, 有爱国心的and funeral葬礼, 丧礼moods心情, 情绪 and events. In a more general普遍的, 全面的; sense, music may express the central最重要的, 主要的, 首要social values of a society. In western culture, the interrelationship相互关系of conductor and orchestra [:kistr]管弦乐队symbolizes the need for strong cooperation合作, 协作among various kinds of specialists 专家, 行家 in a modern industrial society.
1. In what culture is music regarded as good by birth
C In Western culture
2. Which of the following is performed by professionals
B Classical music and popular music
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
C Music is a special form of communication with supernatural being in Asia
4. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music
D Religious ritual 宗教仪式
5. Which of the following is NOT symbolized 象征 by music
D Friendship Lesson 2 Holidays
1. M: Do you still want to go to the graduate 研究生的school after you get out of college W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.
Q: What does the woman mean
B She ‘s not going to graduated school immediately after graduation.
2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by来串门, 来访to pick us up安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救.
W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving赶快；快些开始.
Q: What does the woman suggest they do
A Hurry
3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer. W: I'd invest in在…上投资, 在…投入(时间、精力等) a laser [leiz激光] printer. The print quality is much better.
Q: What does the woman mean
C The man should buy a high- quality printer.
4. W: I've got a coupon [ku:pn] 配给券；（购物）票证；（购物）优惠券for half-off五折dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use it when my cousin [kzn]堂[表]兄弟[姊妹] comes for a visit this weekend.
M: Where did you get it I wouldn't mind
（ trying that place out too）试验.
Q: What does the man want to know
C Where the woman got coupon
5. W: What's Laura doing here today I thought she was supposed 料想; 猜想; 以为 to be out of 离开了the office on Mondays.
W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.
Q: What can be inferred about Laura
A She has changed her schedule
6. M: I need to find a new roommate <英>室友,住在同室的人.
W: So John's going to California after all. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation
B the man’s current roommate is moving
7. M: My math assignment's工作, 任务due 到期的tomorrow morning and I haven't even started it yet.
W: I'll miss想念, 惦记you at the party tonight.
Q: What does the woman imply
D the man won’t be able to go to the party
8. W: Those packages包, 包裹, 包在一起的东西took forever长久地；（与动词进行时连用）老是，没完没了地to arrive.
M: But they did arrive, didn't they
Q: What does the man say about the packages
B They eventually arrived
9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment 一套房间, 一户this weekend.
W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum [vkjum]〈口〉真空吸尘器cleaner 净化器then. Q: What does the woman imply
D The man’s apartment is dirty
10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted
W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.
Q: What does Sarah say about the novel
D Doris purchased it for her
11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic [filɑ:mnik]交响乐团is supposed to be excellent and with our student discoun [diskaunt]数目, 折扣t the tickets will be really cheap. W: Uh -- uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse钱包.
Q: What does the woman imply 暗示, 暗指
C She won’t be able to get the student discount
12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.
W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook教科书, 课本for my eight o'clock class today.
Q: What does the woman mean
A She won’t be able to get the book before class
13. M: The storm暴风雨[雪] last night damaged some of the neighbor's roofs.
W: no wonder不足为奇.
Q: What is the woman reaction to the man says
C She isn’t surprised
14. M: You've certainly无疑地; 确定地；肯定
地been reading that one page for a long time now.
W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.
Q: What does the woman imply暗示
C she needs to read the page carefully
15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around town. You know, show them all the sights视野；风景of the area.
M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves.
I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour旅行, 观光
Q: What does the man suggest they do
B Send the new students on a bus tour of city PART B
Passage I:
People in the US get a two-week paid有报酬的;领取报酬的vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five
weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain抱怨, 诉苦; 投诉that two weeks is not enough especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on落到, 轮到a Monday giving people a long weekend.
What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon峡谷 or Yellowstone or other national parks or forests. Young people may go walking or camping 宿营, 露营in the mountains. Many people have small trailers拖车, 挂车 in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at motels汽车旅馆 on the journey
旅行; 行程;. Disneyland and Disney world are also popular and people can go skiing in the Rocky洛矶Mountains of Colorado科罗拉多州, Wyoming怀俄明州and Montana蒙大纳(美国州名). Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts技巧；技能；技艺. When Americans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic历史上着名（或重要）的interest.
In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Backpool, Scarborough斯卡波罗and Bournemouth伯恩茅斯, where there is plenty 充裕, 大量, 富庶to do even when it rains. People also like to go to the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake湖泊District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Ibiza伊比沙岛are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps阿尔卑斯山.
1. How long a paid vacation can Americans enjoy every year
A Two weeks
2. How many days are there about public holidays for Europeans in a year
C Eight days
3. Where do Americans usually go for fun in the sun
D Florida
4. Where do Americans usually spend their holidays for culture
C Europe
5. British people usually go to Spain for holidays. What for
B For skiing
Passage II:
Every country in the world celebrates New Year but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January 1. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar [lju:n] 月的, 月球的;按阴历的calendar[klind] 日历, 月历. The
Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana犹太新年, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.
In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil邪恶的, 坏的，恶毒的spirits神灵, 幽灵 from home.
Today ,many people do it with fire-works. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums 鼓, 鼓状物 and bamboo竹, 竹竿sticks棍, 棒. Young people in Denmark丹麦throw broken pieces of jars罐子, 广口瓶 or pots against the sides of friends' houses.
In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve前日, 前夕
to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring环状物, 圆圈bells钟, 铃, 电铃, blow 吹horns[h:n]号, 号角, blow whistle哨子, 汽
笛songs, and kiss each other.
In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church services, which is followed by paying calls on friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day.
New Year's Day is more joyful快乐的, 高兴的than Christmas圣诞节in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas is a religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gifts-giving, parties, and visits.
1. Who changed the date of the New Year from March 1 to January 17
A Roman ruler
2. When does the Jewish New Year begin D At the end of summer
3. Why did people make noise in ancient times when they celebrated the New Year
D To drive a way evil spirits from their home
4. According to the speaker, how do the children in Denmark celebrate the New Year A They throw broken piece of jars or pots against the sides of friends’ houses
5. In which country do children receive gifts of money on New Year's Day
B Italy
important festival of the year in France.
Lesson 3 Economy
1. W: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian department. M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office. Q: What do we learn from the conversation
2. W: During the last thunderstorm, I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess.
M: Maybe you have some broken tiles. I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price.
Q: What can we conclude from this conversation
roof of the woman’s house needs to be repaired.
3. W: How did you do on the math exam, John M: I barely made it. It was just a passing score but better than I had expected.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
did better than he thought he was able to.
4. M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days
W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised to take her abroad last year, but the company is again asking father to postpone his vacation.
Q: Why is their mother unhappy
father is unable to keep his promise.
5. W: Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful. Are you attending the seminar that day
M: Yes, but I haven't been able to get a ticket yet. Since the lecture is open to the public, I imagine the tickets may have already been sold out.
Q: Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar
thinks that there might not be an more tickets available.
6. M: Could you lend me your biology notes W: Do you think you'll be able to make out my handwriting
Q: What does the woman imply about the notes might be hard to read.
7. W: Did you pick up my books from Ron's house M: Sorry. It slipped my mind.
Q: What does the man mean
forgot to get the books.
8. W: Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight
M: To the movies Tonight is the biggest concert of the year.
Q: What does the man likely to do at that night
is likely to go to the concert.
9. M: Just one person in the whole class got an A on the test! YOU!
W: ALL RIGHT!!!
Q: What does the woman feel on hear what the man says
is very pleased.
10. W: We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to join us
M: That sounds like a lot of fun. But I'll need to check my calendar first.
Q: What does the man imply
may already have plans.
11. M: I've been running a mile every afternoon for the past month. But I still haven't been able to lose more than a pound or two. I wonder if it's worth it.
W: Oh, don't give up now. It always seems hard when you are just starting out.
Q: What does the man do according to the woman’s advice
his exercise program.
12. M: I'm going to the vegetable stand today. Can I pick up anything for you
W: No, thanks. I just came back from the market myself.
Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s offer has been to the market.
13. M: I don't understand why I received such
a low grade on my term paper.
W: You should make an appointment with the professor to discuss it.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do
his professor about the paper.
14. M: The sound of all that traffic is driving me out of my mind.
W: It is had. But the highway will reopen tomorrow, then we won't have all those cars passing by any more.
Q: What does the woman imply
traffic won’t detour after the following day.
15. W: I invited your mother to lunch yesterday. But she said she didn't have any free time. M: Yeah. She just got a new job.
Q: What does the man mean
mother’s new job keeps her busy.
Passage I: Established on January 1, 1995, World Trade Organization is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs（关税） and Trade (GATT). It exists to promote a free-market international trade system. The WTO promotes trade by:
1. reducing tariffs;
2. prohibiting import or export bans or quotas （定量）;
3. eliminating discrimination against foreign products and services;
4. eliminating other impediments to trade, commonly called "non-tariff trade barriers''. With China's successful entry into WTO in Nov 2001, it currently has 135 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. Over 30 others are negotiating membership. The WTO's top-level decision-making body is the ministerial conference which meets at least once every two years. Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing countries. Special provisions for these members are included in the WTO's agreements. GATT is now the WTO's principal rule-book.
Decisions are made by the entire membership by consensus or majority vote. The WTO's agreements have been ratified in all members' parliaments. If a trade barrier is found to be unfair, the WTO can authorize the imposition of trade sanctions to force a change in that country's law. The WTO exempts trade barriers which are designed to conserve natural resources or protect health.
Critics say the WTO credits agreements are skewed in favor of rich countries. The west may preach trade liberalization, but it has used
negotiations to prize third world market while keeping its own barriers intact.
was the World Trade Organization established January 1,1995.
2. What is the aim of establishing the WTO promote a free-market international trade system.
3. According to the passage, how many member countries does the WTO currently have
.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true
WTO’s top level decision-making body meets at least once each year.
5. What does the WTO do if a trade barrier is found to be unfair in a certain country
WTO authorizes the imposition of trade sanctions on the country.
, 90%, ministerial conference, natural resources, protect health, favor of rich countries.
Passage II
World financial circles affirm that this year has witnessed the most forceful economic growth over the past 13 years. The growth rate is expected to reach percent, much higher than the percent in 1998 and the percent in 1999. The average economic growth rate of developed countries may reach percent this year. The US economy continues to lead the tide of the world economic growth, with its economic growth rate getting close to percent. The European economic situation is also better than that in previous years, and the average growth rate of the 11 countries in the Euro zone is to reach percent. The Japanese economy has freed itself from a slump, and its growth rate this year may reach percent, higher than the average growth rate in the past 10 years.
The average economic growth rate of the developing countries this year can reach percent. The economic development in the Asian developing regions has attracted people's attention. Their growth rate this year may reach percent. The Russian economy has had an unexpected, strong recovery from the 1998 crisis, with the growth rate possibly reaching 6 percent.
Among the many factors that have boosted world economic growth, the growing information technological industry is playing an increasingly outstanding role. The information technological industry is becoming a leading industry in the national economy and a new economic growth point. According to experts' estimate, file current contribution rate of the information technological industry to the world economic growth is percent. Its ratio in the growth of the US economy is even higher, standing at one-third. The information technological industry is currently the world, economic sector experiencing rapid development and is creating ever-more wealth, The integration of the traditional economy and the web economy has become the present development trend of the world economy.
affirm that the year 2000 has witnessed the most forceful economic growth over the past 13 years.
information technological industry.
present development trend of the world economy is the integration of the traditional economy and the web economy.
1) %, 2) %, 3) %, 4) %, 5) %, 6) %, 7) 6% Passage III:
President Jiang Zemin said on November 16, 2000 that in the development of a "New Economy", it is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. He made this address at the eighth informal meeting of leaders of the APEC forum. He explained that the "New Economy" refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries. The advancement of technology, led by IT and biotechnology industries, is giving rise to a new industrial revolution, Jiang said.
Developing countries are faced with the difficult task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries, Jiang noted, adding that continued expansion of the 'digital divide" has widened the wealth gap between North and South and may trigger new imbalances in the world economy. "Against the background of accelerated economic globalization and the dynamic progress of science and technology, we must facilitate cooperation between developed and developing countries on exchanges of human resources, technology and infrastructure, and we must help countries develop independently to narrow the North-South gap.
"Today, the development, application and impact of science and technology far transcends national boundaries. For example, every major breakthrough made in the human genome project is a crystallization of cooperation between scientists from a number of countries. Only when applied in a global context can the achievements of science and technology benefit people", Jiang said. He also noted that economic globalization should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.
The protection of intellectual property rights should be guided by market rules in such away that the rules will be helpful to the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, so that all countries may benefit, he added.
November 16, 2000.
is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology.
refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries.
are faced with the task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries.
should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.
eighth informal meeting of leaders
industries, a new industrial revolution
widened the wealth gap, North and South, new imbalances in the world economy
and developing countries, human resources, technology
property rights, the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, all countries may benefit.
PART C
1) opportunity, 2) distinguished guests, 3) his family, 4) Washington, 5) campaign, 6) the very best, 7) differences, 8) involvement, 9) first lady, 10) vice president, 11) cooperation, 12)politics, 13) values, 14) Democrats, 15) unity, 16) foundation, 17) details, 18) consensus, 19) common ground, 20) one nation Lesson 4 Education
PART A
1. W: I am amazed使大为吃惊, 使惊奇 you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would have gotten rid of it years ago.
M: It runs well. And I've actually grown quite (attached to) (使)贴〔系, 粘〕在…上it.
Q: What does the man mean
D He is satisfied with it
2. W: Tom has tried so hard to win a race since he first joined the track team. But it's two years later, and he still hasn't.
M: I know. And it takes so much time from his class work. Maybe he should just forget about sports for now.
Q: What does the man mean
C Tom should consider quitting the track team
3. M: Don't you just love the hot mid-day sun W: I sure do, Unfortunately, it doesn't like my skin.
Q: What does the woman mean
D Her skin is sensitive to the sun
4. W: I'm not going swimming in the lake unless it warms up outside today.
M: Me, either. Unfortunately, I think it is supposed to stay this cold all day.
Q: What can be inferred about the speakers
B They won’t go swimming in the lake that day
5. M: That sweater毛衣，线衣is so unusual, and yet it looks familiar. Did I just see you wearing that yesterday
W: Well, not me. But it belongs to my roommate, Jane, and she is in your physics class.
Q: What does the woman imply
B The man saw Jane wearing the sweater
6. M: You know my car hasn't been the same since
I had bumped撞倒; 冲撞 into that telephone toll.
W: You'd better have that looked into before you drive to Florida.
Q: What does the woman mean
D The man should get his car checked
7. M: I notice that you don't buy your lunch in the cafeteria [kfitiri]自助餐厅或食堂any more.
W: When prices went up I decided to bring my own.
Q: Why doesn't the woman buy food in the cafeteria
C She thinks the cafeteria is too expensive
8. M: If I don't find my wallet钱夹, 皮夹pretty漂亮的, 可爱的, 精致的 soon, I'm going to have to report it stolen.
W: Hold on. Before you call campus (大学)校园security保卫部门；保安部门office, have you checked your car or your jacket pocket, everywhere
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do
A Keep looking for his wallet
9. W: I've been calling David for the past half hour, but I keep getting a busy signa信号, 暗号l.
W: Well, if you don't get him soon we'll just have to go to the movies without him.
Q: Why are the women trying to call David
C To invite him to go to a film
10. M: Are you ready to go jogging慢走; 慢跑 W: Almost. I have to warm up (使)作准备活动first.
Q: What does the woman mean
A She wants to exercise before she runs 11. M: You did an excellent job on that presentation报告.
W: Thanks. I put a lot of time into it.
Q: What does the woman mean
D She worked hard on her presentation
12. M: Got the time
W: It's a little after ten.
Q: What does the woman mean
A It’s just past ten o’clock
13. W: Excuse me, could you bring me a glass of water, please
M: Sorry, but I am not a waiter.
Q: What does the man mean
B He won’t do as the women asks
14. W: My cousin堂[表]兄弟[姊妹] Bob is getting married in California and I can't decide whether to go.
M: It's a long trip but I think you will have a good time.
Q: What does the man imply
B The woman should go to California to attend the wedding
15. W: Thanks a lot, this scarf [skɑ:f]围巾; 披肩; 领巾will be perfect with my blue jacket. M: Made a good choice, did I
Q: What does the man mean
C He thinks he selected a nice scarf
PART B Passage I:
More than one million students from all over the world have once studied in the United States since 1945. In a recent single year, there were more than 150 thousand foreign students who came to the United States' institutions of higher learning. They were welcomed and most were successful in their academic studies. Foreign students who study
in the United States benefit a lot from the educational system of the United States. Three developments in the United States higher education that the students are benefiting from today started more than a century ago following the Civil War. The first of these was the rapid growth of the technological and professional education to meet the urgent demands of a complex industrial and urban society. New schools of technology, engineering, architecture, law and medicine flourished. The second was the provision for graduate study, such as what had long existed in France and Germany. Harvard and John Hopkins Universities quickly took the lead in this field, but the state universities did not lag far behind. The third was the increased provision for the education of women. This included the establishment of new women's colleges, such as Vassar, Wellesley and Smith, and the adoption of co-education in all the new state universities outside the South as well as in many private institutions: These developments, the growth of the technological and professional education, the provision for graduate study, and the increased educational opportunities for women began over a century ago, well over thirteen decades since the end of the Civil War.
Exercises with Key
1. What does the speaker mainly talk about
B Post-Civil War developments in higher education in the USA
2. How many major educational changes does the speaker discuss
B Three 3. How many foreign students have studied in the United States since 19457
C Over one million
4. Which university took the lead in providing graduate study for the students
D Harvard and John Hopkins University
5. What can you infer about the education for women in the United States before the Civil War D It was not highly developed.
in France and Germany than in the United States.
Passage III:
Canada's per capita spending on education is among the world's highest. All provinces have compulsory education laws requiring that students attend school until the age of fifteen or sixteen. Elementary education includes kindergarten through the eighth grade. Canada's bilingual and bicultural heritage has had and continues to have a profound effect on the educational system. Since I985, the province of Ontario has maintained publicly funded Roman Catholic and French-language schools from kinder-garden through the twelfth grade in addition to the English-language schools. Saskatchewan and Alberta also support separate Roman Catholic schools. Quebec province maintains a dual school system -- Protestant and Catholic, each with its own school board.
Higher education in Canada is offered in a variety of forms. Entrance requirements vary from one province to another. The traditional universities offer three-year
general degree programs and four-year honors degree programs emphasizing a specialization.
Seven of the universities are French-speaking while the others are English. All the traditional universities are concerned about the relationship between their curricula and the economy and society. Graduates in recent years have faced considerable difficulty in finding employment.
The Canadian provinces maintain junior colleges, community colleges, and technical institutes. They provide a variety of courses, often short term, that cater to individual interests. These include subjects of current events and calligraphy. Adult education has become increasingly popular in Canada in recent years. Almost all institutions offer some adult education courses.
to the passage, what do the compulsory education laws require in Canada
B Students have to attend school until the age of fifteen or sixteen.
2. Which province in Canada maintains a dual school system
C Quebec
3. What institutions offer four-year honors degree
A Traditional universities
4. What are all the traditional universities concerned about
B The relationship between their curricula , the economy and society
5. What can you infer from the passage
D Education in Canada is unique because of its bilingual and bicultural heritage Lesson 5 Life on Campus
PART A
: I think I'll add that information to my paper. W: You really should cheek it out in your reference book.
Q: What does the woman imply
C .the information may be inaccurate
2. W: Do you know when Thomas was born
M: Don't ask me. I'm not good with dates. Q: What does the man mean
A. he has trouble remembering when things happen
3. M: The forecast预测 is for a severe winter.
Are you prepared
W: Hardly. I'm waiting for the next sale to
get a down jacket.
Q: What does the woman imply
D. she needs a warm jacket
4. M: How long has it been since you saw Becky W: I bumped into her at the market just last week.
Q: What does the woman mean
B. she saw Becky recently
5. M: Pam says she likes art museums.
W: But she doesn't often visit them, does she Q: What does the woman imply about Pam
B. she isn't really interested in art museums
6. M: Why did you come to the meeting late I
left a message with your roommate about the
time change.
W: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerves sometimes.
Q: Why was the woman late for the meeting C. her roommate forgot to give her the message
7. M: You know, every time I talk to Mary I get
the feeling she's been critical of me.
W: Don't you think you are overreacting a bit Q: What does the woman mean
C .the man is too sensitive
8. W: Would you like to come to Janet's surprise party tomorrow night
M: I'm going to a concert tomorrow, I wish I could be in two places at once.
Q: What does the man mean
D. he regrets that he can't go to the party
9. W: There is a great antique show at the grand auditorium. Let's go see it this evening. M: I have worked really hard all day long. Won't
it be there for a while
Q: What doesn’t the man want to go to the TV show
B he feel a little tired
10. M; Bill has only been on the job a week
and already he's acting like he is the boss. W: He's not going to last long with that attitude.
Q: What do you learn about Bill
D. Bill’s behavior could cause him to lose his
job
11. M: Did you pick up your letter at the post office
W: No. I got my roommate to do it.
Q: What happened to the letter
A. the woman's roommate went to get it
12. W: Debra says she is going to stay up all night studying for her exam tomorrow morning.
M: Wouldn't she be better off getting a good night sleep, so she'll feel fresh in the morning Q: Looking be Debra’s exam according to the
man
C. being well rested will help Debra in the exam
13. M: Your little nephew is growing by leaps
and bounds.
W: Yes. He must be at least three feet tall already.
Q: What do the speakers say about the woman's nephew
A. he's grow very quickly
14. W: That's a nice computer you have.
M: Now all I have to do is figure out how to
use it.
Q: What does the man imply
D. he doesn't know how to operate the computer
15. W: You know the noise in my dorm has really gotten out of control. My roommate and I can rarely get to sleep before midnight.
M: Why don't you take the problem up with the dorm supervisor
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do
A. discuss the situation with the person in charge of the dormitory
PART B
Passage 1: Homing Options in the United States Finding the right place to live in can help ensure a most rewarding experience in the
United States for international students. Depending on your situation, whether you are
here alone or with a family, the duration（持
续的时间） of your stay, the amount of privacy
you would like, anything from living on campus
in a residence hall to private accommodation
in a motel could suit your needs. As an ESL
student, your housing may or may not be included in the study program. The basic choice to make is whether to live on or off campus （校园）. There are advantages and disadvantages to both.
The advantages of living on campus are as follows: you will have a furnished room, easy access to campus facilities such as libraries, computer labs, sports facilities and cafeterias, access to social activities and peers, and maximum interaction with other students. Eating on campus is usually cheaper, and you don't have to worry about transportation to and from classes. There are also some disadvantages. You may be sharing a bedroom with other students, so you will not have much privacy. You must be flexible in living with others.
The advantages for living off campus are as follows: you will have privacy, more
real-world experiences, your own bathroom and kitchen facilities, and furnished rooms. It is possible to have visitors at any time and suitable for students with their families.
However, there are some disadvantages. The rooms are not always furnished. Unless you are living with a host family, there is a lack of spontaneous social activities with people. And transportation is inconvenient. You may waste some time in transit to and from classes. Exercises with Key
1. Whom does the speaker address
C. international students 国际学生
2. What does the speaker mainly talk about
d. the advantages and disadvantages of living on and off campus 3. Which place would an international student most likely choose if be wants to have easy access to campus facilities
A .a residence hall 学生宿舍
4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of living on campus
B. having much privacy
5. What is the disadvantage of living off campus
D. wasting time in transportation
Passage II Living on Campus
All students are require to live in the Residence Hall which provide students with good opportunities to make friends, meet each other and enjoy wonderful campus life. The student residence hall is situated on the campus within a short walking distance from the library, study rooms, computer science center and recreational facilities. Students will also have convenient access to the sea and other places of interests in the area. They will have a quite different life while walking along the soft beach, visiting places
off-campus and looking for fun.
At present, about 60 rooms are available and each accommodates three students. All rooms are fully furnished with bookshelves, cupboards, desks, one telephone, one TV and modem outlets. A shared washroom and bathroom are provided on each floor, and both have considerable facilities. There is a laundry （洗衣房）with several washing machines on the first floor. Bedding is provided and each week a clean linen change will be arranged.
A group of well-trained staff are responsible to see that all public areas are
clean at all times. Security guards arc always on watch on the first floor to answer questions and complaints and guarantee the safety of every resident.
The Dining Hall is on the second floor of the building. Both students and the college faculty are encouraged to have meals in the College Dining Hall. Breakfast, lunch and supper are all offered and a great variety of nutritious' and healthy Chinese foods are also available.
A small cafe is open everyday from 6:00 . to 10: 00 . on the third floor. Here you can find a very romantic and elegant place for sampling western food, drinking coffee or other beverages and talking to friends. Both food and service are standard.
1. Which of the following statements about the Residence Hall is NOT true
B. the residence hall is very far from the sea
2. What is NOT included in the rooms of the Residence Hall
D .a computer
3. On which floor is the laundry
A. on the first floor
4. According to the passage, who is responsible for the cleaning work
D. a group of well-trained staff 训练有素的员工
5. Which of the following statements about Dining Hall is NOT true
B. students are required to have meals in the Dining Hall 食堂Lesson 6 Animal
1. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight
A good comedy might cheer you up.
M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.
Q: What can be inferred about the man
A. he doesn't have time to go to a movie
2. W: Did you read the editorial 社论in the paper about the mayor's 市长speech
M: I sure did. But I think they twisted 扭曲
the meaning of what he said.
Q: What does the man say of the editorial
C. it didn't accurately 准确represent the mayor's speech
3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.
W: By then I'll be done too.
Q: What does the woman mean
4. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are.
I expected to receive the package several days ago.
M: Maybe you'd better check it with the company. They could be temporarily out of stock.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do 5. M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you
be able to work on it with me tonight
W: Unfortunately I have another commitment. Q: What does the woman imply
6. M: What a wonderful performance! The marching band has never sounded better.
W: Thanks. I guess all those hours of practice
are finally paying off.
Q:What does the woman think of the band
7. M: Have you heard that Professor Jones is retiring
W: Yes. The faculty won't find anyone to fill
her shoes.
Q: What does the woman imply about Professor Jones
8. W: Would you please tell me where I can find
a CD by the Beatles
M: Sure. It will be over there with all the CD's
and rock section. They are arranged alphabetically by group.
Q:In what kind of store does the conversation
take place
9. W: On my way up to your office, I found this briefcase （公文包） in the elevator. What do you think I should do
M: Take it to the receptionist. The lost-and-found box is there.
Q:What does the man suggest the woman do 10. M: What a morning! My train usually takes 45 minutes, but today it took me over an hour to get to campus.
M: I saw signs in the station that construction would be going on for the next 3 months. Q:What can be inferred in the conversation 11. M: I hear your older sister is on the Olympic team and on the honor's list. She must be quite a person.
M: She sure is. I've always looked up to her. Q: What about the man say about the sister 12. M: Joe took a taxi home alone 10 minutes ago.
W: I wonder why he didn't wait for me to go with him.
Q: What does the woman think about what Joe did 13. M: Hi. I see you are walking. Where is your bicycle today
W: Oh, I bent （弯） the wheel yesterday. So I had to take it to the shop.
Q: What has happen to the woman’s bicycle 14. W: I didn’t think we should have told Tom about the surprise party for Lucy. M: It’s all right. He promised not to tell her. Q: What does the man mean
15. W: I didn’t come yesterday because I had a temperature. Could you tell me your requirements for my term paper
M: The theme of your paper can be about business management or tourism industry in China and the length of your paper should be no less than 15 pages
Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers PART B the sound of birds
The sound of birds can be divided into three types including singing, crying and voice imitating （模仿）. Singing is normally a
continuous multi-syllable melody uttered by the birds and controlled by sex hormones. Some sorts of singing are quite melodious and pleasant. During the breeding cycle （繁殖周期）, the changing and pleasant cries of male birds are typical songs. Singing is an important way for a bird to defend its territory （领地）, to pronounce it has occupied a place and to warn other birds not to enter the area. The singing variety of birds’ songs are different and more complicated （复杂） than their common cries, which mainly happen in the breeding cycle in spring and summer. Cries are not controlled by sex hormones and can be uttered by both male and female birds. Usually bird cries are short and simple. But they can mean a lot. They are used to communicate with one another and to warn one another about dangers. The cries of birds can express calling, warning, surprise and threat （威胁）. Sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish （区分） crying from singing. Generally speaking, cries are not affected by the change of seasons and
can be made by all birds. Crying is an important way for birds to communicate with one another. Voice imitating birds imitate the crying or voice of other birds. The biological cause of voice imitating is not clear even now and it is highly probable that it will take a long time for people to discover the mystery.
1. According to the passage what is the main types of the sound of birds
2. Which of the following can NOT be used to describe the singing of birds
3. In the passage which is NOT mentioned the function of birds singing
4. What does the passage mainly talk about of the following is true according to the passage
Passage II: Fun Facts about Giant Pandas High in dense （密集的） bamboo forests in the misty （多雾的）, rainy mountains of southwestern China lives one of the world's rarest mammals: The giant panda, also called the panda. Only about 1,000 of these
black-and-white relatives of bears survive in the wild. Pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo shoots and leaves. Occasionally they eat other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts for 99 percent of their diets. Pandas eat fast, they eat a lot, and they spend about
12 hours a day doing it. The reason is very simple. They digest only about a fifth of what they eat. Moreover, bamboo is not very nutritious. The shoots and leaves are the most valuable parts of the plants, so that's what
a well-fed panda concentrates on eating. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot -- up to
15 percent of their body weight within 12 hours
-- so they eat fast. There are many species of bamboo. Only a few of these grow at the high altitudes where pandas live today. A panda should have at least two. bamboo species where
it lives, or it will starve. Giant pandas used
to be able to move quite easily from one mountaintop to another in search of food. Nowadays the valleys are mostly inhabited by people. Pandas are shy; they are afraid to go into areas where people live. This confines pandas to very limited areas. As people continue to farm, cut trees, and develop land higher and higher up the mountain slopes, the pandas' habitat continues to become smaller. And sometimes, when all the bamboo in their area dies off naturally, pandas starve because they're unable to move to new areas where other bamboo species thrive. Conservation organizations and Chinese government officials and scientists are continuing to work toward solving the pandas' isolation problems. Maintaining "bamboo corridors" -- strips of peaceful Rand through which pandas can travel from mountain to mountain freely -- are one of the many ideas that may help save the giant panda.
1. How many pandas are still living in the wild
A. about 1000
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. pandas eat slowly but a lot 3. Which of the following is the reason that pandas get starved
A. only a few species 种类of bamboo can grow in their habitat栖息地
4. How much does a panda eat per day
% of their body weigh
5. Which of the following has caused the shrinking 萎缩of pandas' habitat栖息地
D. all of above
新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上） 听力原文 Lesson 1 Music 1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program? W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two. Q: What does the woman mean? B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two 2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising. M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help 3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book. Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer 4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before. W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful. Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money? W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip. Q: What's the woman going to do? D. spend some time travelling 6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music. W: Didn't an instruction manual [?m?nju?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it? Q: What does the woman imply? B the man should refer to the instruction manual 7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet, M: Oh, but I have. Q: What does the man mean? A he has received his telephone bill. 8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read. W: He must think you don't have any other classes. Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith? B he assigns too much work 9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight. W: I have tickets to the theater. Q: What plan does the man has that night? B he’ll go and watch the fireworks 10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute? Q: What can be inferred about the man? A he had bad study habits 11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue [?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine. Q: What does the woman imply? D Casual dress will be appropriate 12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something? M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean? C he wants her to get him a newspaper 13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算. W: Let me have a look, OK? Q: What does the woman mean? C she’ll try to s ee what method was used 14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us? M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案 Unit One Planning Your Future Career Reading Focus Traits of the Key Players Text Exploration Task 2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B Vocabulary in Action Task 1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B Task 2 1. public (c) 2. discipline (b) 3. strength (a) 4. reference (a) 5. strength (d) 6. public (a) 7. demonstrated (b) 8. discipline (c) 9. reference (c) 10. personality (a) 11. disciplining (d) 12. demonstrates (a) 13. public (d) 14. reference (b) 15. personality (c) Task 3 1. employment 2. paid 3. adjust
4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China
第五册 1.The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directlycommu-nicate with others are itsgreatestbenefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information cantrave-l attre mendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet us-es hun dreds ofthousands ofcomputers allconnected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allowsindividuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people ca-n easily communicate with oneanother. 2.With the 21 st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiringround easyinformation. If a nation can mak-e effective use of all the information it will benefit In the fields of Scientificresearch, education, economic development, etc. What the nati on needs to do is to establish anation-wide"information network",so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network isset up, itwill promote the second information revolution in the cou-nt ry. 3.With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have beenmore andmore widely employed. The popula rity of varied and numerous promotional activities such asdiscounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is tha t they not only helpmanufacturers andbusinesses earn higher and quick er profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with theproducts involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promoteproducts of inferiorquality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that. 4.Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which peopledisplaytheir talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If youunderstand thisintr insic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it beco mes bearable if it helpsbuild up areputation, whether in the world at l arge or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the mostessential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and form ost people this comes chieflythrough their work.In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life --in individuals and in civilization s. 5.America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there areemployees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, thegovernment took no notice of t he changes in its economic base and their effect on employmentand lif estyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many expert came up with variousideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulateconsumption. 6.The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 millionvictims each year, greatly exceeding our earlie r estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminalssteal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbe~, credit card numbers, and other piece s ofan individual's information such as date of birth. They use this inf ormation to buy as many thingsas they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime.People wh ose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleani ng up the messthe thieves have made of their credit record. 7.Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mailan attachment called "Anna Kournikova.jpg.vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the documentto have a look at the Rus sian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated andwill copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express ", spreading the virus evenfarther. E-viruses, which flood the Intemet t hrough dubious e-mails with fancy bait, makeproduction of anti-virus p rograms a profitable business. 8.Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation anddivorce. In certain areas of the country these tr ends have resulted in a growing number ofsingleparentfamilies and rem arried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution ofm arriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four ont of five divorced cou ples eventually remarryother people. These shifts in family relationship s may be interpreted as a breakdown or as anadaptation of the Americ an family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes,accordi ng to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the fa mily structure, adisintegration of values, and a decline of morality. 第六册 1.While he shared his generation’s horror of war and was once called the “spiritual father”of appeasement. Keynes never, in fact, enterained the delusion that Hitler could be pacified. He hated the NAZI regime, never visited Germany after 1933.Instead,as Britain’s chief negotiator in contact with the Allies against Hitler. He pursued vigorously the com mon interest between London and Washington. 2.Some people wrongly believe that the United States is a land of opp ortunity, and that everbody enjoys equal opportunities. With various dr eams in mind,many well-trained professionals steadily mignate to the United States insearch of a good life.Some of them are even willing to live any life there. They would rather live in poverty there than en -joy a relativeprosperity at home. Therefore,lawers and doctors from C entral America may be found washing cars or waiting on tables in Mi ami. 3.Just as the 21st century requires a more diffused and safer balance Of interest in what needs to be an increasingly multilateral global villa ge, there is a risk of economic, institutional and political power being centralized in the European Community, and that a new bout of econ omic empire building may occur. 4.The path led straight through a wide stream.She could no longer risk disorientation by circling such obstacles.She took off her clothes and, with her belongings in ayion bag held above her head. She stepped into the chilling, neck-deep water. Minutes later she emerged. shaking uncontrollbably.But after warming herself by a small fire and re-dress ing, she set off with increased confidence.The limits of her physical capacity were expanding.
1“弗兰肯食品”能养活世界吗? 1、如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 2、事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 3、但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? 4、关于人口增长和饥饿的统计数字读来令人感到不安。去年，世界人口达到了60 亿。联合国预测，到2D0年，这个数字很可能将接近90亿，而增加的人口几乎都来自发展中国家。与此同时，世界人均耕地正在减少。国际农业生物工程应用技术采购管理局(ISAAA)称，自1960年以来，耕地面积一直持续下降，并将在今后50年减少一半。 5、联合国估计，世界上有近8 亿人口营养不良。它产生的效应是破坏性的。大约有4亿的育龄妇女体内缺铁，也就是说，她们的婴儿将可能有各种天生的缺陷。数量多达1亿的儿童缺乏维生素A，这是导致失明的主要原因。还有数千万的人患有因食物匮乏而导致的其他严重疾病和营养不良症。 6、生物技术对此能做些什么呢?生物技术专家已经培育出了含有β—胡萝卜素(身体可将之转化为维生素A)和更多铁元素的转基因水稻，目前正在研究培育其他一些增进营养成分的农作物。生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。 7、虫害带来的损失令人难以置信。例如，欧洲玉米螟每年毁掉4000 万吨玉米，占世界玉米总产量的7％。把抗虫害的基因植入种子可以帮助避免这一损失。在非洲进行的抗虫害棉花试验中，棉花的产量已大幅度提高。有人担心，抗虫害的转基因作物不仅将害虫杀死，而且有可能连益虫也一起杀死，但到目前为止，这种担心似乎没有根据。 8、病毒常常在发展中国家造成主要粮食作物的大面积歉收。两年前，花叶病毒使非洲损失了超过一半的木薯，而这种作物是当地人的主要食物。转基因的抗病毒作物可以减少这种损失，就像抗干旱种子在可耕地面积因缺水而受到限制的地区起到的作用一样。含铝过高的土壤会损伤作物的根系并使许多主要作物歉收，对于这种问题生物技术也能帮助解决。目前，研究人员已经识别出一种有助于中和水稻里铝的毒性的基因。 9、许多科学家认为，生物技术能够把发展中国家的农业总产量提高25％，并且帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失。 10、尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题。在发展中国家，作物歉收只是造成饥饿的一个原因。贫穷才是罪魁祸首。今天，全世界有超过10 亿人口每天靠不到1美元维持生计。如果农民没钱种植转基因作物或当地人买不起农民种出的粮食，培育转基因作物就无法减少饥饿。 11、此外，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题。从整体上看，世界生产的粮食足够养活所有人，但大部分粮食却不是在需要的地方。尤其在运输基础设施落后的国家，地理条件对食物供给的限制正如遗传学为食物供给带来的希望一样大。 12、生物技术也面临自身的“分配”问题。许多转基因作物方面的尖端研究都是富国的私
Unit One An Image or a Mirage C. 1. D 2.C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8.B 9. D 10.B V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good ima ge of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. Unit 2 Is Love An Art? C. 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C V. Translation A. 学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Party Politics Judith Martin 1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment. 2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered. 3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely. 5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long. 6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules. 7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise. 8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time. 9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client — a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。 They want to hire a “key player” from another company. 他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。 Every company also hires from ranks of newbies, 然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。 and what they're looking for is exactly the same. 他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。 “We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. “我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。 If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them.” 假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。” It's just a bit risker.只是这样有点儿冒险。 “It's an educated guess,”“这是一种有根据的猜测，” says my hiring manager client.我的人事经理客户说。 Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. 作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，