下面我们将引言部分的写作，引言释意为introduction。
2.1引言是学术论文写作的起始部分，是论文的导语，也是对全文结构内容的总体规划。一个好的引言能够引人入胜，激起同行甚至一些非专业人士对文章的阅读兴趣，因而，引言是学术写作中的一个重要部分，也是最难写的部分之一。所以如果想要写好引言，首先要开门见山，不绕圈子。第二要言简意赅，第三回顾历史要有重点，第四尊重科学实事求是。第五就是前言的内容部应该与摘要相同。
The introduction is the initial of academic paper writing is the lead .But also on the content and structure of the overall outline. If you want to write the preface, the first thing is to clarify the goals and tasks of this part of writing. Simple and clear explanation of the author of the study. The purpose of the work scope the theoretical basis research methods. experimental design. expect results meaning and so on. Now pay attention to the following five points. First, come to the point ,do not beat around the bush. Second concise and comprehensive Third, review the history and the focus of attention, Forth respect for science, seek truth from facts, Fifth the content should not be the same with the summary.
2.2引言部分的功能室引导读者对作者所研究的领域从概括性了解深入到具体问题，引言的导航作用体现在要让读者理解作者的写作目的，以及论文将要涉及的范围，理解当前研究的课题的意义和价值。
The study of the authors guide the reader function room introduction part of the field from a general understanding of deep into the concrete problems, navigation function introduction embodied in to let readers understand the author's purpose, scope and the thesis will involve, significance and the price of the understanding of the current research topic value.
具体步骤按11页讲就可以了.
第十二、十三页课文
我们之前说过了，Swales讲引言的写作分为三个部分，即确立研究领域、建立研究空间以及填补研究空间，那么下面我们结合一个具体实例来对Swales的所提出的步骤进行感知与认识。
首先请同学们看一下文章每段的首尾句。我们知道，英文写作中都会有总结性的话语，所以，我们通过首尾句可以对文章整体结构以及内容有一个初步的了解。
（看完之后开始说明）
因为第一段较短且只有四句话，所以我们可以对这段进行通读，同时可以对整个文章的展开理解有个初步的构思。（根据Swales提出的理论以及我们的阅读），我们可以确定第一段主要讲的是“确立研究领域”这个部分，第1句首先提出一个现象，那么我们可以知道文章所要提出的“议题”与“stall”（这个词的意义我们目前还看不出，可以通过深入的阅读来确定）。第2句进一步对“stall”这个词所表示的现象做了解释说明。第3句讲述了这个现象的危害，第4句说明了由于这种现象的出现对于飞行员有什么要求。通过这四句的分析我们可以知道第一段主要是要介绍研究背景。
对于第二段与第三段的首句，两段开头都同Stewart的设计有关。通过第二段的首末句我们可以看出，本段主要是要介绍由于第一段所介绍的问题而产生的解决方案。所以，第二段是属于“回顾已取得的研究成果”这个步骤。第三段首句则是进一步介绍了Stewart的设计，然而通过最后一局我们发现，作者改进了Stewart的发明（同时也说明说明了作者研究基础）。于是我们可以说这段的内容前后所说的东西具有“前进性”或是“发展性”的。我们通过对于第21句的分析，可以做出如下推理，作者之所以对前人的设计进行Developed，原因可以是：前人研究有缺陷。于是我们可以通过进一步的阅读来证实我们的推理。（发现，15到18句是说先前研究成果的缺点，19句-20句则是介绍了前人的解决方案。最后22句提出作者的想法）。于是第三段兼有“确立研究领域”和“建立研究空间”的内容。
第四段．首句总说了作者的设计的作用，并在接下来进行了举例。（in real-time interaction、a generic controller、in some industrial applications、in aerospace applications、a superior control performance compared to the no-information control），之后在28句中出现了however，可以得知这之后与之前所说的东西出现了不同，通过对28、29、30句的阅读，我们可以得知其所介绍的是作者的设计的目的。
通过对第五段首句，我们可以很容易的得知本段主要介绍的是作者文章的结构。
背景现象——前人解决方法——发现问题——提出问题——概述目的——介绍结构
于是，我们可以对这个实例Swales的理论进行了一个实际感知。
14页、15页练习
排序
3引言开篇用前人的观点引出,引起读者注意
5、2、6.提出问题，创业者和创业企业面临境遇
1.、4概述自己的观点和方法，指出创业者应该怎样做
填空
句1-3提供背景信息，回顾前期相关文献
第一句说传统的野生动物和生物多样性保护的着眼点一直集中在共同资源上。第二句说，最近，一些个人、组织和企业也加入到了保护的队伍中来。第三句说，这些企业尤其注重生物多样性的保护，然而，很多时候，他们只是为了寻求经济利益。
句4-6通报目前研究现状
第四句说，Laikipia这个保护区私人野生动物的保护已经取得了显著成功。第五句说，Laikipia这个保护区比非洲S和K保护区接受更高等的大型哺乳动物，S和K保护区都是非洲有名的大型保护区。第六句说，Laikipia也接受第二高等的野生动物。
句7-8指出当前研究存在的问题
第七句说，但是Laikipia只有2%的大陆专门用作野生动物的保护。第八句说，很多地区，野生动物和家畜共同占有一块土地。
句9-10陈述研究课题的目的
第九句说，社会、政府及Laikipia的一些生态组织都给野生动物的保护提出了一些挑战和机遇。第十句说，这里我们以这个地区为例来讨论一下生物多样性地区私人陆地保护的成与败。
句11-13介绍科研论文的结构
第十一句说，我们开始简单总结一下这个地区土地利用和生态环境的历史。第十二句说，然后我们来讨论一下导致野生动物数量下降的因素以及现在乃至将来野生保护面临的挑战。第十三句说，最后，我们来总结一下通过这个地区野生动物的保护能给我们哪些启示。
引言部分的句型特征
引言部分是学术论文正文的起始之处，是对全文的简单介绍和总体认知，所以它有两大点要求，即简洁和准确。因此它的语言必须也是简洁和准确的。简洁指的就是语言要直截了当，词语要朴实无华；准确指的是逻辑上要严密和清楚。
这两大点要求表现在句型上，总体可概括为陈述句为主，祈使、疑问等句型为辅，即少用或不用；同样的，表现在用词上，是要用准确的但易理解的词语，除非必要不必过多使用高难度的专业词汇；而表现在时态上，是应多使用主动语态，使读者知道是这是出自作者自己的论据和研究。
下面来详细讲解一下引言部分的句型使用.
按引文内容大致可分为5种句型：
1.本领域学术研究综述，意在让读者知道论文产生的背景。
...has because ...one of the most important/serious/bad cases/problems in resent years/nowadays.
For a long time,...has been one of the most important/serious/bad cases/problems that...
2.叙述前人所进行的有关研究内容,即著作与文献的回顾。
There have been a lot of/many studies in/about...
A lot of/many studies/researches have been conducted on/about...
3.阐明进一步深入研究的必要性。
The vital/necessary/significant reason to conduct the study/research is that...
The study/research is so vital/necessary/significant that...
4.本项研究的具体目标和所要达到的目的。
The main aim/purpose is to...
In this paper, we propose a new experiment for...
5.对本项研究的评价：有何意义，将产生何种影响以及与其他学科的关系。
The result of our study/research/project has a meaningful/useful/ significant influence on...
Our study/research/project make a meaningful/useful/significant contribution on...
19页练习
第二部分答案：
1.我们的目的是要揭示有效团队教学合作的某些基本元素，讨论团队教学是否影响教师的发展模式。
2.本文考察了股票价格对公司公告的反应，其公告用于公示该公司提高供应链效率和加强客户服务的工具、技术和过程。
3.本文展示了模拟存在论和认知论在代理装置寻路系统的路径。
4.然而，对这种疾病化疗的有效几率情况不详。
5.尽管已有大量关于领导行为及其影响力的研究，但下列几个原因说明在项目团队中如何发挥领导才能仍然需要进行研究。
2.3.2 引言部分的常用表达方式
1.确立研究重要性的常用表达。常常用于文章的首句中，见书P20
2.概述文献综述中的常用表达。这一部分通常使用动词的过去时，用以陈述已完成的研
究，下表为常用动词。见书P22
3.用于表达已有研究的空白以及对已有研究的质疑和批评的常用方式。
这一部分主要是在论文的写作中，在表示已有的研究的空白时，即表示已有的研究不够充分、问题未能解决时以及对已有的研究的质疑和批评时，即用于表达早期研究所具有的缺陷时要用到的表达方式，通常会使用一些具有转折意义的词汇来进行前后衔接，如：however，but，although，while，nevertheless等。当然还可以采用其他的表示不确定的词来表示对有研究的质疑与批评，这里就不一一举例了。下面结合一个例句给大家分析一下这种表达方式Eg：It has been argued that the piloerector effect does not involve sympathetic nerves, but some other unknown nervous elements.
在这个句子中出现了两处表示对已有研究的质疑与批评的地方，分别是It has been argued that和unknown，表示对这项研究有质疑。
4.用于表达当前研究课题的目的、意义的常用方式。
这一部分主要是指在论文的写作中，在表示论文研究课题的目的和意义所是有的表达方式，主要包括论文的研究目的、策略以及论文的设计。常见的用于表达研究课题目的和意义的词汇主要有：intention，purpose，reveal等。下面结合一个例句给大家分析一下这种表达Eg：The purpose of the experiment will determine sample size and design.
在这个例句中使用了The purpose of来表示研究课题的目的。
2.3.3 引言部分的时态和语态
2.3.3.1引言部分的时态
A.在学术论文写作中，通常用一般现在时来陈述普遍接受的事实或真理。
例如：little is known about sth.
需要注意的是，有时作者认为的某个研究发现是事实，便可以用一般现在时来表述，并注明一定的文献。
a.如果作者需要用paper，report，theses 或dissertation，表示论文提供资料的行为，重点在于介绍新的技术和方法、分析某个问题或提出某个论据，论文所提供资料的行为不受时间的影响，它们不受时间的影响，所以通常用一般现在时，如：In this paper,we employ automata to formalize the behavior of web services.
b.如果作者采用study，research，investigation或experiment 等来介绍研究活动，重点
在于提出某个调查或实验结果，因居中所涉及的是已发生的动作行为，因而多使用一般过去时。
如：The purpose of the experiment reported here was to investigate the effects of oxymatrine on human hepatoma cells...
需要注意的是：如果作者描述的是特定研究领域中最近的某种趋势，或强调某些最近发生的事件对现在的影响，常采用现在完成时，如：few studies have been done on sth.
C.作者在引言中还比较谦虚或试探性态度来指出自己的研究价值，其中常用助动词may , should, could 等。
B：在最后一部分，简单描述论文的结构时，可以使用一般现在时，或一般将来时。
例如：P28页例子。
2.3.3.2 引言部分的语态
引言中会涉及We 和I 的问题，用We时来提及作者的研究团队但不可泛指人类群体。如果需要，最好用被动结构的句子。It is known /thought that ....尤其是中心的报告部分（We conducted, was designed等）
因为英语中的I具有主观性比较强，因此要慎用。可以用here和in this paper 这样的方式表达。另外为了避免歧义，还可以用This article/the present paper 用来代替I 和We.
例如：This article /paper describes and discusses some of the insurance activities of exempt organizations.
最后处理一下练习题第一题。
前沿学术英语论文题目参考 学术英语即专家学者、教授学生在学术论文研究与写作中使用的英语，学术英语具有科学严谨性，用词考究，论文写作中应避免英语口语化。接下来跟着小编一起来看看学术英语论文题目有哪些。 1、浅议系统功能语言学理论指导下的英语专业学术论文摘要的翻译 2、“教学学术”视角下开放大学英语教师专业发展的思考 3、课程生态需求分析模式下的“学术英语”课程定位 4、CBI理论视域下学术英语读写教学研究 5、基于微课的通用学术英语写作课翻转课堂教学模式设计与实践 6、基于课堂读写任务的学术英语写作引用特征研究 7、基于语类的英语学术论文写作教学路径研究--以“文献综述”写作教学为例 8、基于需求分析学术英语教学模式 9、学术英语阅读能力的界定与培养 10、学术英语的词块教学法研究 11、英语专业本科毕业论文学术失范现象的成因与对策 12、浅析批判性思维下大学学术英语课程模块的构建
13、关于中文学术期刊使用英语的规范性问题 14、医学学术英语口语课程构建的探索 15、学术英语写作中词汇衔接探究 16、学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究 17、浅探理工院校学术英语改革实践 18、学术论文写作中的英语负迁移现象研究 19、学术英语写作教学体系的构建与实践 20、学术英语口头报告对批判性思维的影响探究 21、“学术读写素养”范式与学术英语写作课程设计 22、中国高校学术英语存在理论依据探索 23、学术英语教育对大学生就业的影响研究 24、学术道德教育和学术英语能力一体化培养 25、非英语专业研究生学术英语交际能力现状与对策研究--以延安大学为例 26、关于研究生学术英语教学定位研究 27、理工科学术英语视野下的批判性思维能力培植 28、面向学术英语的实验平台建构与探索 29、学术英语有效教学 30、学术英语写作课程环境下的写前计划效应探究 31、元话语视角下英语学术论文中的转述动词与语类结构研究 32、基于自建语料库的学术英语中语块结构的研究 33、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型问题的对策研究
Unit 2 Initiating Research Objectives - Understand what a research is - Become aware of two language features of academic writing - Initiate your research Contents - Reading and discussion: What is a research? - Language focus: personal pronoun and nominalization - Writing practice: topic selection; focus formulating; a working title; outlining - Research practice: start the research 1.Reading Activity This unit aims to describe what a research is, bring you an awareness of two language features of academic writing, and finally help you initiate a research of your own. 1.1 Pre-reading Task Before you learn the detailed steps to initiate a research, please discuss the following questions: What is the purpose of initiating a research? How do you select the topic? What kind of topic can be studied?
专业英语写作考点总结 Part ?Academic English Writing （专业英语写作）Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing 1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose and strategy ,organization, style, flow and presentation. （学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。 2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分 (1)description of a situation （描述情况） (2)Identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3)Description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4)Evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法） 3、Formal Grammar Style：（正规的语法风格） (1) Generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词） 例：won’t改为will not (2)Use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定 形式） 例：not...any改为no not...much改为little not...many改为few (3)Limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限制使用 多个词连用的表达法） 例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。(4)Avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a textbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”） 例：You can see the results in Table 1. 改为：The results can be seen in Table 1. (5)Be careful about using direct questions. In some fields they are common, while in others they are not.（使用直接引语时需谨慎） 例：What can be done to lower costs? 改为：It is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered. 或者We now need to consider how costs may be lowered. (6)Place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内） 例：This model was developed by Krugman originally. 改为：This model was originally developed by Krugman.
专业英语写作考点总结 part ? academic english writing （专业英语写作）chapter 1 six considerations in academic writing 1、academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose, organization, style, flow and presentation. （学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。 2、organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部 分 (1) description of a situation （描述情况） (2) identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3) description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4) evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法） 3、formal grammar style：（正规的语法风格） (1) generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词） 例：won’t改为will not (2) use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定 形式） 例：not...any改为nonot...much改为little not...many改为few (3) limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限 制使用多个词连用的表达法） 例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。 (4) avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a textbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”）例：you can see the results in table 1. 改为：the results can be seen in table 1. 改为： it is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered. 或者 we now need to consider how costs may be lowered. (6) place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内）例：this model was developed by krugman originally. 改为：this model was originally developed by krugman. (7) consider whether you should split infinitives.（考虑是否该使用割裂不定式）例：we need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program. (8) aim for an efficient use of words. （目的是为了有效地使用词汇）例：there are some inorganic materials that can be used by bioengineers in the process of tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising. 改为：some inorganic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great promise. 习题： （1）you can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. 错误：使用了you。 改为：this model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. （2）ok, what are the reasons that coffee prices have fallen? there’re a lot of possibilities. 错误：使用了口语ok；直接引语的使用；使用了缩略词there’re。
Unit 1 Understanding Academic English Objectives: - Learn the purpose of this course - Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English - Build your learning ability via the Internet - Meet your teacher and new classmates Contents - Teacher’s introduction - Reading and discussion: How’s your voice? - Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity - Writing practice: understanding different styles - Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills - Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English
1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer. Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in. 1.2 Reading Passage HOW’S YOUR VOICE? Casual Voice Hey, dude, no way you can sit here! Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks! Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?! www, we gotta cancel the Consultative Voice You’re not allowed to sit in this area, because it’s a safety concern. I’m so glad for our team, the great Fighting Aardvarks, and now together we celebrate this victory. I’d prefer not to have this particular vegetable again, if it’s possible. Does anyone really enjoy this combination of mushrooms and broccoli? It’s possible that our party might have to be postponed or canceled because of the Academic Voice This area must be kept clear for foot traffic. The Fighting Aardvarks claimed victory over the Blue Vampires in the final round tonight. Both teams competed well and the fans are enthusiastic. Very few people enjoy this broccoli and mushroom dish. Therefore, it will not be served again within this calendar year, or the servers will be killed. Due to the inclement weather, the Annual Tattoo Party will not
more and more用表示上升趋势的词代替如：a growing/increasing number of.. inevitable不可避免 physically beneficial副词+形容词的表达方式←比较好看的一种方式 议论文开头方法一： Background→Controversy (2 different/opposite ideas)、As/Being a controversial issue，。。。。。作为有争议的问题。。。。Now days， the issue on。。。is highly debatable，and ideas vary from person to person。不同的人有不同的观点。（不要用different people 。。。。）Some would claim 。。。。，while some others may suggest。。。一些人认为。。另一些人认为。。 Some would claim。。。，while the idea。。。is still held by some others。Idea倒装，句子更好看。不能用some。。the other。。这样只有两种可能性，太绝对。。 5个常用单词的替代 Think →claim / suggest / believe / advocate / maintain / suppose Good → beneficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent / positive Bad→ harmful / detrimental / hazardous / negative Advantage→merit / virtue / benefit / profit / pro Disadvantage →demerit / drawback / flaw / shortcoming / con / cost 赞成某个观点。。 As for me，I side with the fomer/latter 中立观点。。 As far as I am concerned， I believe both views have their own merits and con coexit like a double-edged sword 双刃剑 。。。。can be neither absolutely perfect nor purely harmful 末段（总结） All in all/to conclude/in conclusion/in general/to sum up When all the above-mentioned factors are taken into consideration, a conclusion could be drawn that … (主要用来凑字数) 讨论用结构On one hand，。。。。contribute greatly to。。。 On the other hand/On the contrary/ in contrast，the demerits of。。。。can not be ignored. To begin with/firstly/first and foremost/首先 Besides/in a addition/moreover/其次 Thirdly/furthermore/last but not least/最后 alters=change 用alter代替change A result in B 因A果B C result from D 因D果C 介词 with/like/because of +名词（组）连词 as/because +句子 Boost related industry 推动相关产业Deplete fuel resources worldwide 耗尽石油资源 Air pollution 空气污染Help the spread of epidemics传播传染病（飞机） Traffic jam/accident 交通拥挤/事故（汽车） It is ..... that makes ......倒装 Overseas traveling widens horizon and visualizes what is learnt in books.扩大视野 Sweeten your life.甜蜜你的生活！ 85°C Besides, overseas shopping enables one to buy fashionable dresses and jewelries at a lower price.购物。。tourism/tourist industry 旅游业
Unit 5 Reporting Results Objectives: -Understand the function and the major elements of the results section; -Learn the major steps to deal with the results section; -Use the tips for describing graphic information; -Grasp the tips for making comparison and contrast; -Learn the skills for choosing appropriate graphs and making graphs. Contents: - Teacher’s introduction; - Reading and discussion: Types of Language for Thinking and Lexical Collocational Errors; - Language focus: graphic description; comparison and contrast; -Writing practice: using graphs and describing graphs (tables and charts); - Rewriting practice: grasping the major moves for outlining the results section; - Classroom extension: descriptions of data and graphs when reporting results. 1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to report the results of your research? The standard approach to the results section of a research paper is to present the results with the statistical
Unit 6 Keys for 1.3.1 Keys for 1.3.2 2.1.1 Cause: iron Effect: carcinogenesis 2.1.3 1. Firstly; 2.Furthermore; 3. because of; 4. can lead to; 5. causing; 6. cause; 7. due to 2.1.4Notes into a Causal Paragraph
There are several factors to be taken into account when studying why some plants become weak or die. One reason is lack of water. Dryness in the soil causes the leaves to wilt, and may give rise to the death of the plant. On the other hand, too much water may result in the leaves drooping, or becoming yellow. While sunshine is necessary for plants, if it is too strong, the soil may be baked and the roots killed. However, if there is no light, the leaves will become pale and the stems thin. Consequently the plant may die. Keys for 2.2.1 Examples of strengthening a claim: We observed borderline statistically significant elevated risks for … It lends strong support to … We observed a stronger positive association for … We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver,… In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study. Examples of weakening a claim: Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk,… It is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. We observed a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. This could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer. Although breast cancer risk related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in our study, we had very few premenopausal cases (n = 94) and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress. An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participants. Ideally, the number of participant would have been more evenly distributed across gender/year in population. A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results. A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites. Keys for 2.3 In our study, zinc supplementation did not result in a significant reduction in overall mortality in children aged 1–48 months in a population with high malaria transmission. However, there was a suggestion that the effect varied by age, with no effect on mortality in infants, and a marginally significant 18% reduction of mortality in children 12–48 months of age (p=0·045). This effect was
Keys to Task Extensions Unit1 Task6:Extensions 6.1(for reference only) Introduction The purpose of this project is to find out the real situation in which the students in a particular college spend their time surfing Internet.It includes how much time they spend doing so,for what reason they work with Internet,and what impact it has on students’learning. To find out the facts about Internet,a survey will be conducted among the students,teachers,and administrative staff.The main proposed problems related to Internet at most colleges can be the overuse of it and overspending of time on it.The serious impact resulted from overdoing Internet needs to be discovered in this project. At most colleges in China,one policy is that freshmen are not allowed to possess a computer,and there are some limitations for them to surf online,which is regarded as one kind of protection to them.In this way,they will not be easily exposed to unhealthy films,pictures,or essays.Also,they can spend not so much time on it and their study will not be affected.In the information society, it is necessary to get information quickly.One of the main sources is Internet.Therefore,it would be wiser to let college students make use of Internet and offer them some guidance. Main body For senior college students,overuse of Internet has become a serious problem.Some students stay up very late surfing the lnternet.Some play video games,some do a lot of chatting,and some spend more time watching films.One student said that on average he spent five hours a day surfing the lnternet.Due to the large number of hours spent on Internet,some students have,to some extent,ruined their academic study and their health. At present,the policy is flexible to the senior students at some colleges.To reserve Internet use, it would be wise for the college to set up an appropriate policy on the one hand and carry out education on the other.It will be important to let students know the passive effect the overuse of Internet might bring to them.At the same time,some rules should be set up.For example,there could be a limit on the use of Internet:after11p.m.no students are expected to surf online. Conclusion To sum up,it is imperative for college students to obtain information they need for their academic learning through Internet,and it is also necessary to let the students know the bad impact the overuse of Internet would cause on their study and health. 6.2(for reference only) Introduction The purpose of this project is to find out the main reasons why some families like to send their teenagers to study abroad,and what problems might be brought about to these families and the children.Several articles in various newspapers reported that it had become a social phenomenon for parents to send their children abroad to study.This phenomenon has drawn much public attention.For some families,it has become a big financial burden,and some teenagers could not manage to study and live independently in a foreign country.The project is trying to expose a real picture about it and see how serious problems it might bring about.The project will also try to search for a better policy to help solve this problem.
Comparison of the Flood Myth between China & the West 2010583 行政100班 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC STUDY COURSE Department of Political Science Southwest University of Science and Technology
Abstract Flood myth is a common theme of all ethnic groups in the world．F or the past，the research on the western myth of the flood was particularly in the comparison study of the basic structure and the story contrast. The important significance of studying the lies in rehabilitation history and tapping—its deep cultural connotations by using the way of primitive people．In this paper, from the Angle of cultural function of myth, Chinese and western the flood myth rooted by the culture differences. Overall，the creation-made the sin．correctional impunity of the flood—creation again，as the more common myths flood program．Flood myth of Chinese and in the west can be embodied in the story of the god of punishment as the cause of floods，reflecting the original people’S awareness of the early relationship between mankind and nature．After the floods，the recycling world reflected the awareness of the relationship of the original people．They expressed the aspirations of civilization. However，the flood myths of Chinese and in the west have a marked difference．The theme of western flood myth is asylum，which did not reflect the spirits of protest．On the contrary，Chinese flood myths take the”harnessing water”as a theme，which mainly reflected the use and control of flood．The people who are in harnessing water, the west flood myth Was God-centered and embodied a strong sense of religion while the Chinese flood myths is people—oriented．Yu and his son became the representatives of the floods and beco me heroes of the Chinese nation． Key Words：flood；myths；compare；difference References [1] (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary)7th Edition [2] Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary