桂林旅游高等专科学校教案
第十六讲从句翻译
Lecture 16 Clauses
一、名词从句的译法(Noun Clause)
（一）主语从句(Subject Clause)
（引导词that, what, whether, who, when, where, why, how, which, whose, whatever…）
（先译主句还是先译从句？whatever等引导的，先译从句；it作形式主语的，视情况而定）
1.It is strange that we should meet here.
我们能在这里见面，这真是想不到。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）
2. It is essential that every child should have the same opportunity to have education.
每个儿童都应当有同样的受教育的机会，这一点是非常重要的。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）
3. It is a common misconception that English is extraordinarily difficult for foreigners to learn.
英语对外国人来说特别难学，这是一种普遍的误解。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）
4. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）
5. It's really a mystery why all our attempts have been unsuccessful．
为什么我们的一切尝试都失败了，这真是个谜。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）
6．It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. (An abstract from Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen)
a)凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条公认的真理。（王科一）
b)有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。（孙致礼）
c)饶有家资的单身汉必定想要娶妻室，这是举世公认的真情实理。（张玲、张扬）
d)举世公认，一个拥有一大笔财产的单身男人，必定想娶一个女子做太太，这已经成为一条真理。
（义海）
e)有钱的单身汉必定想娶亲，这条真理无人不知。（张经浩）
f)富有的单身男士一定想娶位太太，这是举世公认的真理。（张隆胜）
g)谁都知道，单身汉有了钱，第一件事儿就是要娶个媳妇。（张小余）
7 It remains our belief that the conflict must be resolved peacefully.
我们仍然认为，这场冲突必须和平解决。（顺译法：先译主句，后译从句）
8．It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.
不言而喻，氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。（顺译法：先译主句，后译从句）
9. That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon.物质热胀冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）
11. It is certain that man will eventually solve the riddle of UFO
人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之迷。这一点是可以肯定的。（逆译法）
10）It so happens that I have been collecting similar examples for years.
很偶然，我多年来一直在收集类似的样本。
12．It seems of no important to us where and how the boss has got the news.
老板从哪里，又是怎样得知这个消息的，在我们看来都不重要。）
13．It is necessary that everyone present should have a copy of the new book.
有必要让在场的人都有一本新书。（合译，并将形容词necessary转译为名词）
(引导词that, what, whether, if, who, when, where, why, how, which, whose, whatever… )
1．A simple experiment will show whether or not air does have weight.
空气是否确有重量，做个简单的试验就可以证明。
2. Many stories in the history of science show that chance plays a definite part in scientific discovery.科学史上有许多故事表明：机遇在科学发现中的确在起作用。
3. The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total
amount of energy in the universe is constant.
能量守恒和转换定律说明：能量是不灭的，宇宙间能量的总量和是不变的。
4. A man spending twelve days on the moon would find, on returning to the earth, that a year had passed by already .
一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天，回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。
5．Coal and iron have made England what she is.
由于有煤和铁,英国才有今天。/煤和铁造就了今天的英国.
6．She gave me what little money he had.她把仅有的钱都给了我。
7. That factory is different from what it used to be.那家工厂与以前大不相同了。
8. Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speaks.
人与兽的区别，就在于人有思维而且会说话。
9. I took it for granted t hat they had accomplished the task ahead of time.
我以为他们提前完成了任务。
（三）表语从句(Predicative Clause)
(引导词that, wh at, whether, if, as if, who, when, where, why, how, which, because…)
（一般多用顺译法，有时也可用逆译法）
1．My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. 我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。（顺译法）
2.The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽机发
明的结果是机械力代替了人力。（顺译法）
3．The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cause less friction.
滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。
4. China is no longer what it used to be.中国已不是过去的中国了。
5．This is what we have discussed in this article.这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。
6.Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed. 该地区的人们最需要的是水和食品。（逆
译法）
7．This is how we defeated them.我们就这样把他们击败了。（顺译法）
8. This is where they hid the treasures.这就是他们的藏宝之地。
9. That is why heat can melt ice，vaporize water and cause bodies to expand.
这就是为什么热能使冰融化，使水蒸发，使物体膨胀的原因
（四）同位语从句(Appositive Clause) (引导词that, whether, when, where, why, how)
1．Many scientists accept the theory that the universe is growing larger.
许多科学家接受了这样的观点：宇宙正在扩大。/ 许多科学家接受了关于宇宙正在扩大的观点。/ 宇宙正在扩大，这个观点已为许多科学家所接受。
2．The fact that the prisoner was guilty was plain to everyone.
这个囚犯有罪的事实，大家都知道。
3．We are all familiar with the fact that a body expands when heated.
我们都知道物体受热膨胀的道理。
初，科学家们认识到，原子不可分割的概念是错误的。（译成定语从句）
6．A petrol-engine has the advantage that it is light in weight and can easily be controlled.
汽油发电机的优点是质量轻，操作简便。（译成表语从句）
8．Words can]me that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
有消息说,拿破伦本人要来检阅他们。
10.Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false.
你认为我会和你同住一套公寓，那就错了. （顺译法）
11．I have no idea where she lives.我不知道她住在何处。
二、状语从句的译法(Adverbial Clauses)
（一）时间状语从句（引导词when当。。。时, while当。。。时，在。。。的同时, as当。。。时，随着, whenever 每当, before, after, , since自从, till直到=until, as soon as一。。。就=immediately = the minute-=no…sooner than=hardly…when, the moment当。。。时, once一旦，every time每次，除表示时间外，有时也可表示其它）
1. No sooner had we arrived than it began to rain．我们刚到就下雨了。
2. Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.=We had hardly begun…
我们刚开始就被叫停。
3．Mary had scarcely heard the news when she wept aloud.
玛丽一听到这个消息就放声大哭。
3. I can’t tell you anything when you won’t listen.既然你不愿听，我就不说了。（表示原因）
4．Why was he late when he knew the meeting began at eight sharp?
既然他知道八点整开会，为什么他还迟到呢？（表示原因）
5．Please call me when you have a problem.如果有问题，请给我打电话。（表示条件）
6. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器发生故障，就把电们关上。
6．All the problems can be solved when we use our brain.
只要我们开动脑筋，这些问题都可以解决。
6．I lent him 10 dollars when I disliked him.
虽然我不喜欢他，我还是借给他10 元钱。（表示让步）
9．While she was washing, she heard the door bell. 她洗澡时听到了门铃响。
10．I’ll not go after the accident has happened.因发生事故，我不去了。（表示原因）
11. I would shoot myself before I apologized to her!我宁死也不向她道歉！（before=rather than）
（二）原因状语从句（英语结果在前，原因在后，而汉语刚好相反；引导词because, since, as, now that, in that）1．Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.(98.6)
2．Now that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. (97.6)
3. Because the young man frequently came to the lady’s house, he was regarded as the mistress’s lover.这小伙子经常来太太家。因此，别人都以为他是女主人的情人。（顺译）
4．He was denied a promotion and pay raise last year because he hadn’t published a sufficient number of research papers.由于未能发表足够数量的科研论文，去年没有给他提职、提薪。(逆译/倒译)
（三）条件状语从句（引导词有：if如果, unless除非, suppose/supposing that假设, as (so) long as只要,provided 只要, if only只要）
1．If we do a thing, we should do it well.做一件事情就要把它做好。（融合法）
2．If heroin is so harmful, why do so many people use the drug?
既然海洛因非常有害，为什么吸食这种毒品的人是如此这多呢？（表示原因）3．So long as enough fuel is put in the rocket, it will carry the satellite up into space.
只要给火箭加上足够的燃料，它就能把卫星送入太空。
5. We’ll visit Europe next year provided we have enough money. (99.1)
6. We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.
欲求完美无缺的朋友必然成为孤家寡人。
（四）让步状语从句（引导词有：though, although, as, even if (though), whatever=no matter what等）1．Although energy can be change from one form into another, it can neither be created nor destroyed. 虽然能可以由一种形式转为另一种形式，但它不能创造，也不能消灭。
2．Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert even if it means standing in a queue all night. (01.6) 即使要排上整个晚上的队，罗德也决心买张票去参加音乐会。
3. Whatever difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them. (01.1)无论遇到什
么困难，我们都要互相帮助，尽力克服。
4. Much as he likes her, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
虽很爱她，有时对她也感到很厌烦。
（五）目的状语从句（引导词so that, in order that, for fear that , in case以免、免得、以防, lest以免、以防,）
1. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. (01.6)
处罚他以免他以后犯类似的错误。
2. He ran away lest he should be seem.他跑了，以免被人看见。
3. Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.拿伞去，防止下雨。
4. I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment. (99.1)
5. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they should be attacked by wild animals.
穿越山区时，所以的男人都拿着枪，以防受到野兽的袭击。
（六）结果状语从句（引导词so that, s o…that, such…that）
1. Kunta was so worn out, slumped in his rocking chair, staring vacantly at the fire, that he didn’t even noticed
Lucy feeling his forehead and taking off his shoes. 昆塔累极了，他颓然倒在摇篮中，凝视着火光发呆。
他甚至没有感到露丝用手摸了摸他的前额，并替他脱了鞋子。
（七）比较状语从句
I. 两个主语在某一方面的比较
1．as…as 结构
1）I’m twice as old as you. 我的年纪比你大一倍。
2）He doesn’t drive so (as) carefully as you.
3）There are twice as many pupils as (there are) desks.学生数比课桌数多一倍。
4）The electron weighs 1/1850 as much as atom of hydrogen.
电子的重量约为氢原子的1/1850。
5) A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。
2．than 结构
1) I’m twice older than you. 我的年纪比你大一倍。
2) John drives much more carefully than Tom does.
3) Peter wears his hair longer than Jack.
4) The eye is bigger than the belly.贪多嚼不烂。
5）Gorbachev may have more celebrity than influence.
戈尔巴乔夫可能仍会有声望，但已无影响。
6) She eats less than a bird.
7) I spent less money on clothes than my sister.
8) On the moon you can lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight you can lift on the
earth. 一个人在月球上所能举起的重物要比他在地球上所能举起的最重物体重5倍。
II. 一个主语在两个方面的比较
1) She is as gifted as she is diligent.她不但有天赋，而且勤奋。
2）Your sister is as clever as beautiful 你妹妹既聪明又漂亮。
3）He was as covetous as cruel.此人不但残酷无情而且十分贪婪。
4) This slogan is as easy to remember as it is hard to forget.这个口号好记而难忘.
5) The film is as interesting as (it is) instructive. 这电影既有趣又有意义。
6）This swimming is as long as (it is) wide.这游泳池长宽相等。
7）He is not so wise as he is witty.他为人风趣，但欠机智。
8）She plays the violin as skillfully as she plays the piano.
9) So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow.因此，在安
全和效率允许的条件下，飞机的结构应尽量地小和轻。
2．than 结构(不管多少音节，均加more, than后用省略句；如用-er形式，得用完整句)
1) She is more kind than wise.= She is kinder than she is wise.她善良有余，智慧不足。
2）Her typing is more neat than accurate.＝Her typing is neater than it is accurate.
她打字整洁但不准确。
3）I am more diligent than intelligent.= I am less intelligent than diligent.
我并非聪明，而是勤奋。
4) They are more brave than wise. =They are less wise than brave. 他们有勇无谋。
5）He was more frightened than hurt.= He was less hurt than frightened.
他没受什么伤，倒是受惊不小。
6）The little girl is more shy than timid.
这女孩是害羞而不是胆怯。（与其说这女孩胆怯，不如说她害羞）
7）The boy is more careless than stupid.
那男孩与其说他笨，不如说他粗心。（是粗心而不是笨）
8）This window is wider than it is high.这窗子宽度大于高度。
9）She is more (of a) mother than (of a) wife.
她是贤妻，更是良母。（说她是贤妻，勿宁说她像良母。）
10）The swimming pool is more like a river bend than a bath.
这游泳池与其说是个池子，不如说是个河湾。
11）John is less daring than quick-witted.与其说约翰胆大，不如说他脑子灵活。
12) George was less intelligent than aggressive.
与其说乔治聪颖过人，不如说他言行放肆。
13）He was less hurt than frightened. =He was more frightened than hurt.
与其说他受伤，不如说他受惊吓。
14）The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是经济危机不如说是政治危机。
比较: The present crisis is less a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是政治危机不如说是经济危机。
III. 两个主语在两个方面的比较
1．as…as 结构
1）She is as kind as her sister is honest. 她和蔼而她妹妹诚实。
2）这对夫妇真是郎才女貌。The husband is as talent as his wife is beautiful.
3) He is as experienced as his brother is green. 他经历丰富，而他弟弟乳臭未干。
4）He is as cunning as you are clever.他的狡猾如同你的聪明。
5）He runs the 200-meter dash as fast as you run the 100-meter dash.
6）Life here is as cheap as taxi are expensive. 这里生活费用低廉，但坐出租车却贵得很。
1) I have more English books than you have Chinese books.
我的英语书比你的汉语书还多。
2）I have had more salt t han you have had rice.我吃的盐比你吃的饭还多。
3）我过的桥比你走的路还多。
I have traveled much more on bridge than you’ve traveled on land.
IV. 比较句中的固定句型
1. no more than、no more 。。。than、n ot… more than、no less…than、not less…than
A. no more than--- = only 不过、仅仅（后接数词和名词）
1）His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 仅有一年
2) I have no more than two yuan in my pocket.我口袋里真眼只有两块钱。
3）The gun was no longer than 18 inches.那支枪只有18英寸长。（强调短）
4) I have taken no more than six courses this semester. 本学期我只选了六门课。
5）You are no more than a child.你不过还是个小孩。
B. no more … than = not…any more than = as little as，“与…一样不”，表示两边程度都低，或否定双方
（more 是much 和many的比较级，单音节词加-er）
①no more +形/副+ than
1) She is no more beautiful than her sister.= She is not beautiful any more than her sister.
她的容貌跟她姐姐相差无几（一样丑）。
比较：She is not more beautiful t han her sister.她没有她姐姐漂亮。
She is not less beautiful t han her sister.她比她姐姐漂亮。
She is no less beautiful than her sister.她的容貌跟她姐姐相差无几（一样漂亮）。
2) This dictionary is no more useful than that one. 用处都不大
3）She is no more fond of swimming than I am.她和我一样不喜欢游泳。
比较：She is no less fond of swimming than I am.她和我一样喜欢游泳。
4) I am no more mad than you are. 我和你都没疯。
5）He is no more fit to be a minister than a school boy would be.
他与小学生一样不适合当部长。
6) You are no more capable of speaking Greek than I am.你我都不会说希腊语。
7）The Emperor could see no more than the officials.
皇帝与那些大臣一样，什么也没看到。
8）At than time I earned no more than a worker.当时我挣的钱与一个工人差不多。
1) He is no clevere r than his brother.他和他兄弟一样笨。
比较：He is no less clever than his brother.他和他兄弟一样聪明。
He is not clevere r than his brother.他没有他兄弟聪明。
2) This street is no wider than that one.这条街和那条街一样窄。
3）He is no better than a fool.他是个蠢物。
4）He throws stone no farther than you. 他扔石头与你一样不远。
5）Some bamboos grow no higher than your ankles. 有些竹子长得只有脚踝那么高。
6）The car goes no faster than 50 miles per hour.这车每小时行速不过50英里。
7）He runs no faster than a child. 他跑得跟小孩一样慢。
②no more +名+ than
1）He is no more a god than we are. 他和我们一样不是神。
2）A whale is no more a fish than a horse.鲸同马一样都不是鱼。
比较：A whale is no less a mammal than a horse.鲸同马一样都是哺乳动物。
3）The bat is no more a bird than the cat/rat is.蝙蝠不是鸟，正如猫/老鼠不是鸟一样。
正像没有灵魂的身体不称其为人一样，没有爱情的家庭也不能称其为家庭。
5) Tom is no more a doctor than a teacher.汤姆既不是医生，也不是教师。
比较：Tom is not more a doctor than a teacher.与期说汤姆是医生，不如说他是教师。
③no more +动+ than
1) I can no more play the piano than you can. = I can not play the piano any more than you can.
我与你一样不会弹钢琴。
2）You can no more swim than I can fly.你不会游泳正如我不会飞一样。
3）I can no more solve the problem than I can fly to the moon.我不能解决这个问题正如你不能飞到月球上一样。
（要我解决这个问题比登天还难。）
4）One can not learn a foreign language overnight any more than he can eat a meal in one mouthful.
一个人不可能在一个晚上学会一门外语，正如一个人不能一口吃完一餐饭一样。
C.not more + than(这是比较句的否定形式，前边程度低于后边，more是形容词或副词的比较级，单
音节词加-er)
1)L am not taller than you.
2)He doesn’t speak English better than you.
3)She is not more beautiful than her sister.
D. no less…than = as much（many）as 不少于，不亚于，与…一样多（高），与…一样(肯定双方，双
方程度都高)
1）We walked no less than 10 miles.我们走了十英里。
2）She is no less active than she used to be. 她和从前一样活跃。
3）The lion is no less cruel than the tiger.狮子与老虎一样残忍。
4）She is no less fond of swimming than I am.她和我一样喜欢游泳。
5）She is no less beautiful than her sister.她的容貌跟她姐姐相差无几（一样漂亮）。
比较：She is not less beautiful t han her sister.她比她姐姐漂亮。
6）A whale is no less a mammal than a horse.鲸同马一样都是哺乳动物。
7）A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。
8）Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition of body.
日光和新鲜空气对人的健康同样是必要的。
9) He is no less guilty than his wife.他与妻子同样有罪。
10) She is not less charming than her daughter.她的迷人不亚于女儿。
E. not less…than (前边程度高于后边)
1) She is not less beautiful t han her sister.她比她姐姐漂亮。
2)
2．more than、more…than、less than、less…than
A. more than超出、不仅仅(后接名词、数词、动名词、不定式、形容词、副词、从句等)
1）Mr Lin is more than our teacher. He treats us like a father.
2) My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是观光.
3）It is more than problem that he will fail.他十有八九会失败。
4) He is more than happy about it.
5）I was more than pleased with her performance.我对她的演奏感到十二分满意。
6）Her performance was more than good; it was perfect.
7) The consequence was much more than he imagined.结果远超出他的想象。
8）More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.
我还没有完全意识到，正是父亲使我正直坚定。
10) Colleges and universities across the country have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student
cheating.全国各地的大专院校已作出决定，对学生考试作弊现象不仅仅是说说而已。
11）A cup of iced tea will absolutely be more than welcome to me now.
对我来说，现在最美的事绝对是来一杯冰茶。
B. more… than (前边程度高于后边)
1) The girl is more shy than timid.
这女孩是害羞而不是胆怯（着女孩与其说胆怯不如说害羞）。
2）John is more modest than he is prudent.与其说约翰谨慎，不如说他谦虚。
3）He is more of a scholar than his brother.他比他弟弟更有学者风度。
4）She is more (of a) mother than (of a) wife.她是贤妻，更是良母。
5）It will do you more harm than good.它对你害多益少。
6）He is more (a) scholar than (a) teacher. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是个学者。
7）She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.
当她儿子再次说谎时，她的伤心甚于生气。
C. less than与less… than (less是little 的比较级)
1)You eat less than I.
2)He works less than he used to.
3)Jane is less beautiful than Susan.
4）Your house is less near than I thought.你的房子不如我原先想的那么近。
5) He is less of a fool than I thought he was.他不是如我原先所想的那样笨。
3. “the more…, the more…”结构
1）The greater the height, the less air there is and the lower the temperature (is).
海拔越高，空气越少，压力越大。
2）The higher the tree, the stronger the wind.树大招风。
3）The greater the mass of a body (is), the greater is its inertia.
物质质量越大，其惯性就越大。
4）T he more he flatters me, the less I like him.他愈奉承我，我就越不喜欢他。
5）The more a man learns, the more he sees his ignorance. 知识越广博，越感已无知
The more riches a fool hath, the greater fool he is. 傻瓜越富越蠢
The more you have, the more you want. 越有钱，越贪心
The neare r the church, the farther from God. 离教堂越近，离上帝越远
6) 你真是越老越糊涂.The older you are, the more foolish you become.
7) 他年纪越大, 头发就越少. The older he is, the less hair he has.
8) The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.
一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。
9）The less you pay, the less you get. 一分钱一分货。
10）The faster you run, the higher the kite flows into the sky.
你跑得越快，风筝上升得越高。
4. more and more 结构:
1) After Winter Solstice the days get longer and longer.冬至后白天越来越长.
2) The boy ran faster and faster.
3) She became more and more excited.
4) They walked more and more slowly.
5 “A is to B what/as C is to D”结构（“A对于B，如同C对于D”）
如将主句放后，则用“what C is to D, that A is to B”或“As C is to D, so A is to B”结构
2）One hundred is to ten what ten is to one.一百比十等于十比一。
3）Air is to us what water is to fish =Air is to us as water is to fish.
空气对于我们，犹如水对鱼一样。
= What water is to fish, that air is to us. = As water is to fish, so air is to us. 4）Fertilizers are to the plant what food is to men.
肥料对植物来说如同食物对人一样（重要）。
5) Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
发动机对机器的关系犹如心脏对动物之关系。
6) 军民关系犹如鱼水关系。The army is to the people what fish is to the water.
7) 读书对精神的教化就如同食物对于身体发育一样重要。
Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
8) Shakespeare is to literature what Beethoven is to music.
莎士比亚对于文学的贡献如同贝多芬对音乐的贡献。
9) 十二比六等于二比一。As two is to one , so is twelve to six.
10) 室之于人，犹巢之于鸟，穴之与兽。
As the house is to the man, so is the nest to the bird and the cave to the animal.
11) As the earth moves round the sun, so does the moon moves round the earth.
就像地球绕太阳运行一样，月球绕地球运行。
12) 烈火可炼真金，同样，逆境可考验人的美德。
As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue.
第十一章宾语从句 历届试题 1．越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware) (Ss00) 2．学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize) (Ss01) 3．这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。(realize) (Ss02) 4．应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(apply) (S02) 5．你应该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。．(apologize) (S04) 6．我希望尽快收到你的照片。(hope) (S05) 7．我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。(believe) (S06) 8．物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (Ss06) I. “that” 1．我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(wash up) 2．她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付出高价。(pay) 3．我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(stay) 4．我的朋友说他总是遵守交通规则的。(obey) 5．我们在火车上相遇时，她假装不认识我。(pretend) 6．我们很高兴开运动会时天气很好。(glad) 7．从她的声音我认出她就是我们在找的老妇人。(recognize) 8．我希望你能保守秘密。(keep the secret) 9．我猜想你大概是从不休息一刻。(suppose) 10．我肯定他能克服他所遇到的一切困难。(overcome) 11．他向我抱怨，他放在办公室抽屉里的三份中国日报不见了。(complain) 12．大家都知道抽烟有害人体健康。(damage) 13．他说他会不断把他的学校生活告诉我们。(inform) 14．你的文章很令人满意，我肯定你的老师会对它满意的。(satisfy) 15．我很高兴听说他的爷爷决定戒烟了。(stop smoking) 16．医生说这个病人必须立刻隔离。(isolate) 17．她打电话提醒我，由于天气不好，运动会将不举行了。(remind) 18．他们的经验告诉我们戒烟并不难。(stop smoking) 19．她没有料到她的梦想能实现。(come true) 20．她突然发现记不起她父亲对她说的话了。(remember) 21．我肯定这个年青人不久就会苏醒的。(come to life) 22．我们知道他们的工作正在进行。(in progress) 23．研究表明他们已经找到了酸雨的答案。(indicate) 24．他说他要写完那些圣诞卡才离开。(not…until) 25．他向我保证他会把所有书都还给我的。(assure) 26．实验结果显示鸡蛋里含有人体所需要的各种营养成分。(result，contain) 27．你说他今晚要来，可是这完全不可能。(quite) 28．他答应他一定做到不让事故发生。(see to it) 29．他向我保证不再拖拉交作业。(assure) 30．我认为不付出艰苦的劳动就不能成功。(not … without) 31．你必须记住判决不会对我们有利。(mind) 32．没人会料到这一连串的案件与那个沉默寡言的人有关。(have something to do with)
英语状语从句的汉译 [导读]英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。 【摘要】英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活，有前有后。在英语状语从句的汉译中，我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异，在译文中适当调整语序，相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。 【关键词】英语；状语；从句；汉译；探讨 英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活，有前有后。此外，英语中各类状语从句都有明显的反映其逻辑关系的连接词。汉语的状语从句与英语的状语从句最大区别就在于状语从句的位置和连接词。一般说来，英语中表示方式、比较和结果等关系的状语从句位于主句之后，其它状语从句的位置比较灵活，可前可后。汉语中多数状语从句是放在主句之前，只有比较和结果状语从句位于主句之后，方式状语从句则可前可后。因此，在翻译状语从句时，无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异，在译文中适当调整语序，相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。其次，应注意连接词，分清主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，尤其是在汉译英时，因为汉语造句多用意合法，一些连接词往往省略。英译汉时，还应注意尽量避免机械地照搬连接词的汉语对应词或译义，在准确理解主句和从句间的逻辑关系后，进行相应的句型转换，如将英语的时间状语从句译为汉语的并列句或条件句，地点状语从句译为汉语的条件句等。汉译英时我们还应注意主语的使用。 一、状语从句前置 英语中的时间、地点、条件、原因等状语从句可前可后，而汉语中的这类状语从句一般前置；英语中表示条件的状语从句一般位于句首，尤其是虚拟条件句，这类条件句常常采用顺译法，将从句置于句首；英语中的让步状语从句前后均可，而汉语则前置为多。Culture shock does not seem like a very helpful experience, when you are going through
汉译英 宾语从句 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a213153205.html,ernment use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. 2.Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing. https://www.doczj.com/doc/a213153205.html,ndsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. 4.The two sets of pictures , viewed together, show how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. 5.This helps scientists learn hww people affect(影响) geography. 6.After a few months, you will find that you can easily remember the material. 7.From the passage, we can infer that satellite pictures can give more detailed information. 8.I believe everyone will be able to travel to the moon, to other planets and perhaps even to other galaxies for a holiday. 9.Even now I guess my parents are still angry with me. 10.I still believe what I did was right for me. 11.At first what the writer did showed that he was hopeful in music. 12.It is touching to see how they tried to get a high school education at their age. 13.As time passed, he realized that helping needy students was his true calling. 14.Pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chance to think over what you’ve said. 15. A parent says she does n’t quite understand why they are so mad about the childish games. 16.He had won some candies in a prize machine in the local supermarket, so I asked him if he would like to share his candies with others. 17.I went to the father and asked if my son could give his daughter some candies that he had won. 18.I explained that I was teaching my son about the power of kindness. 19.And I suddenly remembered I had seen the little girl before in my son’s school. 20.When we left the supermarket, I explained to my son that people in the world today were not so open to kindness, and I told him not to be embarrassed. 21.I didn’t know what they were going to do. I was so scared. 22.They asked me what happened and said they might be able to get the car running again.
定语从句的翻译 英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。 英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。 从结构上分析，常见的定语从句翻译方法： 一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。 二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。 英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理： （一）重复先行词 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。 China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996. 中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议，而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系发展的主要障碍。 We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged. 在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。 You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect. 你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。 Although he is a green hand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field. 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。（二）省略先行词
宾语从句翻译 1. 用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。 I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down。 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。 Can you hear what I say? 你听得到我所讲的吗？ I don’t know that he s wam across the river。 我不知道他游过了那条河。 I don’t know how he swam across the river。 我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。 He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal。 他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。 有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。 Smith replied that he was sorry。 斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。 He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others。 他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。 2、用it作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it有时候可以不用翻译。 I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning。 我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。(it没有翻译) I heard it said that he had gone abroad。
考研英语从句的翻译方法 主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时间状语从句条件状语从句 原因状语从句让步状语从句目的状语从句 主语从句 一、关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分 它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词what, which, how, why, where, who, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever及从属连词that, whether, if. 如： What we now will describe is how the magnetic nature of iron oxide can uniquely be exploited as a separation process utilizing a magnetic filtration system. 参考译文：现在我们所要介绍的是如何奇特地利用氧化铁的磁性而提出一种使用磁力过滤系统的分离法。 分析：其中关联词可译为：…所。 二、it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句 如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译“这”。如： It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards. 参考译文：可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。
名词性从句翻译练习 1. 问题是我们怎样才能搞到那么多的钱。 2. 谁是我们的敌人，谁是我们的朋友，是革命的首要问题。 3. 他想要的东西就是一辆汽车。 4. 他是否会拒绝我，不清楚。 5. 他明天通过考试没有问题。 6. 我不知道那个从英国来的老师喜欢谁的妹妹。 7. 昨天是谁的狗咬了你，不清楚。 8. 明天他是否会参加那个舞会，没人知道。 9. 这房子正是他最需要的东西。 10. 我很高兴地得知他去年挣了一百万。 11. 我很遗憾地听说你丢了一百万。 12. 你知道你们班长为什么要杀我吗？ 13. 你相信你们班的那个漂亮的女孩昨天尿炕了? 14. 她昨天告诉我，自从他去年见到她父亲，就再也没有见过了。 定语从句翻译练习 1. 去年我们在医院照顾的老太太死了. 2.你想娶的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。 3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。 4.你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。 5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人今天又被你家狗咬了 6.你知道他打算娶你的原因吗？
7.我讨厌我住过的那个旅馆。 8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。 9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁人了。 10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。 11.有什么事我能帮你吗？ 12.昨天死的那个老太太留下了100万美圆。 13.昨天那个医生告诉我他为我爹什么也做不了了。 14.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页. 15.正像老师昨天说的那样，他没有通过考试。 16.正像我们刚才讨论的那样，学习英语很容易。 17.正像我妈昨天告诉我的那样，我的女朋友根本不爱我。 18.正像你知道的那样钱是非常重要的。 19. 我们现在学的商务英语非常有用。 20.你知道你们家狗要死的原因吗？ 21. 她就是那个到明年年底，会攒一万美圆的那个女孩。 22. 你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？ 23. 昨天他告诉我，是谁吃了我的苹果，那个苹果是我妈妈给我买的。 24. 你知道你们班长喜欢的那个是贼的女孩吗？ 状语从句翻译练习 1. 尽管天气变冷了，他们还是像以前一样努力工作。 2. 即使你会失败，你也应该尽你的努力去完成工作。 3. 我们必须带雨衣，以防天下雨。
英语多从句，汉语多分句： 就句子类型而言，英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，因此，英译汉时需要将各种英语从句进行处理，可以译成一个汉语单句，也可译成多个汉语分句。并按照汉语的表达习惯对英语复合句的关联部分（从句引导词）加以逻辑梳理，既分而叙之，又上关下联，承接转换，犹如整容。 一名词性从句的译法 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。下面我们便逐一论述这些名词性从句的翻译方法。 1. 主语从句 1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句汉译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。 例如： What he said is true. 译文：他说的一切都是真的。 Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized. 译文：谁违犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。 2) 由it作形式主语引导的主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。例如： It doesn't make much difference whether you come yourself or send a substitute. 译文：你是自己来还是派代理人来，都无关紧要。（提前） It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 译文：驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着，这看来是不可想象的。（提前） It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
中英句子翻译-定语从句的翻译 中英句子翻译-定语从句的翻译 定语从句的翻译 1.将下列含有限制性定语从句的复合句译成汉语： 1). Everything that is around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质 2). He is the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们 中唯一懂法语的人。 3). I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他来迟的原因。 4). Certain ideas, principles, and laws often form the foundation on which other ideas, principles and laws of a science are constructed. 一些思想、原则和法律往往会成为其他思想、原则和法律赖以形成的基础。 5). Stainless steels must contain a minimum of 10% chromium. This is the reason why they are stainless. 不锈钢至少要含有10%的铬，这就是不锈钢不生锈的原因。 6). Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy. 供照明的电能可以转化为光能。 7). An electric field is a space where an electric force exists. 电场就是电力存在的空间。 8). The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.
宾语从句 第一部分：宾语梗要 宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句；英语的及物动词后必须有宾语；除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语；某些形容词如 worth,careful等后也可有宾语；宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。 一不同词类作宾语 1. 名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now. 2. 代词作宾语 We all like him. She doesn't know me. 3. 数词作宾语 Give me four. 4. the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作宾语。 1) The young should respect the old . 2) They went to help the dying and the wounded. 3) They are searching for the lost . 二．非谓语类作宾语 1．不定式作宾语 We all like to go to school. 注意: I don’t know what to do next. 2．动名词作宾语 The boss hates workers’complaining. 三．从句类作宾语 I think he is right. Do you understand what I mean? I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street. Give him whatever he needs. We can rely on whomever we can trust. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 四．两种特殊带宾语的结构 1．一些形容词可有宾语 常用的情感形容词有：sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry The book is worth reading. 2．介宾结构 Are they listening to the professor? Are they satisfied with us? He passed the exam by cheating. 五．it用作形式宾语（基本用法） I think it no need talking about it with them. He makes it a rule never to borrow money. Did you make it clear why she didn't come? I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. She won’t like it if you arrive late. 六．双宾语 有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语），即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。 1. 常用句型为主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 Give me a cup of tea, please. You don’t need to show him how to do it. He has told me where they lives. 2. 下面几种情况，通常要用介词to或for引起的短语： 1). 当直接宾语是人称代词（it／them）时。如： The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him.。 2). 当强调间接宾语时。如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 3). 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：
最新中考英语宾语从句试题经典 一、初中英语宾语从句 1．---Could you describe_____? ---Yes. I was calling and didn’t notice the light turned red. A．why did the accident happen B．when did the accident happen C．how the accident happened D．where the accident happened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：--你能描述一下事故是如何发生的吗？--可以，我正在打电话，没注意到交通灯变红了。本题主要考查宾语从句语序及疑问词辨析。宾语从句中语序用陈述句语序，故排除A 和B。根据下文可知，此处询问事故是怎么样发生的。故选C。 2．—Excuse me, could you tell me ______? —Sorry, sir. I wasn’t there at that time. A．how did the accident happen B．how the accident happened C．how does the accident happen D．how the accident happens 【答案】B 【解析】 宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除A、C，看语境可知，发生在过去，用过去时态，选择B。 3．—I wonder ______. —She always cares much about others. A．how does Jane get on so well with her classmates B．why Jane is generally liked by all the other classmates C．if Jane is popular with her classmates 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——我想知道为什么其他同学都喜欢简。——她总是非常关心其他人。Ahow does Jane get on so well with her classmates简怎么和她的同学相处得这么好，宾语从句应使用陈述语序，可排除A；Bwhy Jane is generally liked by all the other classmates为什么其他同学都喜欢简；Cif Jane is popular with her classmates简是否受同学的欢迎。根据She always cares much about others.可知此处询问她为什么被其他同学喜欢，可排除C。故选B。 4．----I’d like to visit Kate tomorrow. Do you know______ ? ---- Sorry, I don’t know her address, either. A．why she lives there B．who she lives with C．where she lives D．how she lives
英语从句翻译方法 英语多从句，汉语多分句： 就句子类型而言，英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，因此，英译汉时需要将各种英语从句进行处理，可以译成一个汉语单句，也可译成多个汉语分句。并按照汉语的表达习惯对英语复合句的关联部分（从句引导词）加以逻辑梳理，既分而叙之，又上关下联，承接转换，犹如整容。 一名词性从句的译法 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。下面我们便逐一论述这些名词性从句的翻译方法。 1. 主语从句 1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句汉译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。 例如： What he said is true. 译文：他说的一切都是真的。 Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized. 译文：谁违犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。 2) 由it作形式主语引导的主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。例如： It doesn't make much difference whether you come yourself or send a substitute. 译文：你是自己来还是派代理人来，都无关紧要。（提前） It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 译文：驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着，这看来是不可想象的。（提前） It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 译文：这奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（不提前） It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship. 译文：据报道，我们国家又发射了一艘宇宙飞船。（不提前） 反之，汉语分句可以译成英语主语从句，例如： 真奇怪（可惜），竟无人喜欢这本书。 译文：It's strange (a pity) that no one should like this book. 据说，他爱世间的所有生命，就如同一个父亲爱他自己的孩子那样。 译文：It is said that he loves all beings just like a father loves his young children. 2. 宾语从句 1) 由that, what, how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要提前，可按原文顺序翻译。 例如： He would remind people again and again that it was decided not only by
宾语从句可以分为两种：一种是动词引导的宾语从句；另一种是介词引导的宾语从句。 一、动词引导的宾语从句 翻译时，顺序一般不变。如： Manure supplies what is deficient in the soil. 参考译文：肥料供给土壤所缺乏的成分。 二、介词引导的宾语从句 介词宾语从句前面的介词可能和动词、形容词或副词有关。翻译时，顺序一般不变。如： Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speaks. 分析：in之后如果跟有宾语从句，常常可译成原因状语从句，用因为…，在于…，是因为…等词译出。 参考译文：人与兽的区别，就在于人有思维而且会说话。 The lift component is not vertical except when the relative wind is horizontal. 分析：英语中的介词except, but, besides等之后如果跟有宾语从句，常常可译为并列句的分句，用除…之外，除了…，此外…，只是…，但…等词译出。 参考译文：除了相对风是水平的情况之外，升力不是垂直的。 三、直接引语作宾语 从句翻译时引号保留，把逗号一律改为冒号。如： The student asked the teacher，how many one cubic foot of air weighs under normal conditions？ 参考译文：这个学生问老师：一立方英尺空气有多重？ The law of conservation and transformation of energy states that energy is indestructible and the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. 分析：以that引导的宾语从句为普遍真理及一般规律时，或是某一规律及定义所阐述的内容时，有时也可以在句首加冒号译出。 参考译文：能量守恒和转换定律说明：能量是不灭的，宇宙间能量的总量和是不变的。
1)定语从句翻译法： A)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。如: Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。 B)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。如: The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。（翻译成原因状语从句） A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。（翻译为时间状语结构） The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。（翻译为并列分句） 2)主语从句翻译法 A)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。如: Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。（主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出） B)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。如: Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。（真题示范） C)分译法:把原来的状语从句从整体结构中分离出来,译成另一个相对独立得单句。如: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。（It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的宾语） 3)宾语从句翻译法:由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译,即顺译法。如: Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than
精品文档 从句 一．名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。这类从句在句中可担任主语、表语、宾语和同位语，名词从句可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1.主语从句 在句子中担当主语的是一个句子，这个从句就叫作主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。 连词：that, whether 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever 等 连接副词：when, where, how, why (1)由连词that, whether引导的主语从句 连词that, whether在从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由that, whether引导的主语从句，多用it多形式主语 e.g That the earth is round is true.=It is true that the earth is round.地球是圆的，是一个事实。 Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided.= It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. (2)由连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词who, which和连接副词when, where, how, why都可以引导主语从句，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略，翻译时，不能把它们译为疑问句，由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语it引导 e.g Who let out the news remained unknown. =It remained unknown who let out the news.谁泄漏了那个消息仍旧无人知道。 When we'll start is not clear. =It is not clear when we'll start.我们何时出发还不清楚。 (3)以关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it 引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序。 e.g What he said at the meeting is important.他在会上所说的事情是重要的。 Whoever leaves the office should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。 (4)用it作形式主语的主语从句结构 a. It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that…事实是…… It is good news that ………是好消息 It is a question that ………是个问题 It is common knowledge that ………是常识 精品文档． 精品文档 类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing；no wonder；surprise等。 例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。
二、翻译技巧从句的译法 1、名词从句 2、定语从句 3、状语从句 1、名词从句英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词从句的连接词有： *从属连词： that : 无词义 if 和 whether：是否 *连接代词： what, which, who, whom, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever 等，它们既起连接作用，本身有词义又在从句中起代词的作用。 *连接副词： when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身有词义又在从句中起副词的作用。 1）主语从句的译法英语主语从句有两种形式： a. 从属连词、连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句，从句在主语谓语之前方法：一般可以按原语序译出 Whether the materials could stand the test is still a question. 这些材料能否实验合格，还是个问题。 EX. Who will preside at the seminar has not yet been decided. 由谁来主持这次研讨会还没有决定。我们的计划如有任何改变，将另行通知。 Whatever changes we make in our plan will be announced later. b. 以it作形式主语引出的主语从句方法1：it 不译出来，顺译为无人称句。 It is reported that a new-type computer is coming to the market very soon. 据报道，一种新型计算机将很快进入市场。方法2：it如表示强调可译出，否则不必译出。如： It doesn’t seem likely that he will be here. 他来的可能性似乎不太大。 It is a fact that the United States always interferes in the internal affairs of other countries.