高中英语语法考点精讲精练
例：
1.If I were you, I should go and see the doctor at once.
2.If we had no electricity, what would our life be?
3.If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions.
4.If I had valued the true love when I got it, I wouldn?t have greatly regretted when I lost it.
5.If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we would have played tennis.
6.If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
7.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.
8.If God offered me another chance right now, I would utter the three words to the girl, “I love
you”.
【跟踪训练】
1. I didn?t see your sister at the meeting. If she ______ she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come
2. The rice ______ if you had been more careful.
A. would not be burning
B. would not burn
C. would not have burnt
D. would not burnt
3. If my lawyer ____ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
5. You didn?t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.
A. drove; didn?t get
B. drove; wouldn?t get
C. were driving; wouldn?t get
D. had driven; wouldn?t have got
7. — If he ______, he ______ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
8. If it ______ rain tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.
A. would
B. could
C. might
D. should
9. —John is really expert at fighting cybercrime!
—Yes, but he _____ his potential if it had not been for his desire to meet the new challenge.
A. never realized
B. would never realize
C. would never have realized
D. had never realized
10. Grace doesn?t want to move to New York because she thinks if she_____there, she wouldn?t be
able to see her parents very often.
A. lives
B. would live
C. having asked
D. were to live
【真题实战】
1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
2. If we _________ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn?t have been so successfu l. （2012山东）
A. haven?t made
B. wouldn?t make
C. didn?t make
D. hadn?t made
3. If my car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. （2012陕西）
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
4. We wo uldn?t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______us a ride home. （2012天津）
A. didn?t offer
B. wouldn?t offer
C. hasn?t offered
D. hadn?t offered
【跟踪训练】改写下列句子。
1.If I were you, I would try it again.
2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.
3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn?t go out.
5.______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
6.______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they have not 【真题实战】
1. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
（2010浙江）
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.(be)
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(know)
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.(go)
If you hadn't lent me some money, I couldn't have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.(lend)
【跟踪训练】
1. If the flower had been watered, it ______ now.
A. wouldn?t die
B. is dead
C. had been dead
D. will not die
2. If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he ______ TV now.
A. would watch
B. would have watched
C. would be watching
D. is watching
3. If he _______ that operation two years ago, he ______ in better health now.
A. had, is
B. had had, would be
C. had, were
D. had had, would have been
4. If I _____ you, I ______ to her birthday party last night.
A. am, will go
B. was, would go
C. were, would go
D. were, would have gone
【真题实战】
1. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (02 上海)
A. wouldn?t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
2.—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
（10年北京）
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
3. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.（11年北京）
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
例：
①省略了条件从句，多用于表示强烈的情感。
That would be fine.
②省略了主句的形式（常用以表示愿望）。
If only I had help you.
③有许多格言，名句是由条件句省略而来。
Waste not, want not= If you didn?t waste, you would not want. 不浪费，不愁缺。
④不定式短语代替if条件从句的虚拟语气形式。
To hear him from speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.
= If one were to hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.如果有人听他说英语，会把他当做是外国人。
⑤注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
Given more than two hours, we could have done the work better.
Not having finished the work, he couldn't have seen this film.
⑥介词短语代替if条件从句的虚拟语气形式。
But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.
Without the storm I would have arrived much earlier.
=If it had not been for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier.
She came here yesterday, otherwise /or I would not have met her.
=If she had not come here yesterday, I would not have met her.
I would have attended the meeting last night, but I was too busy.
= If I had not been too busy，I would have attended the meeting.
【跟踪训练】
1. Without electricity, human life ______ quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
2. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ______ something she would regret later.
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
【真题实战】
1.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ．（10年安徽）
A. was busy
B. is busy
C. had been busy D．will be busy
2. — Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
— I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (11年福建)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
3. I _____ through that bitter period without your generous help. (11年陕西)
A. c ouldn?t have gone
B. didn?t go
C. wouldn?t go
D. hadn?t gone
4. We John?s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.（11年江西）A．will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
5.We _______the difficulty together, but why didn…t you tell me? （12年北京）
A. should face
B. might face
C. could have faced
D. must have faced
【跟踪训练】
1.—Have you visited the Science Museum?
—No, but I really wish I _______.
A. had
B. did
C. have
D. will
2. I didn?t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. went
3. Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how.
A. teaches
B. will teach
C. has taught
D. would teach
4. I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.
A. didn?t do
B. hadn?t done
C. haven?t done
D. couldn?t do
5. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has
B. had
C. will have
D. had had
【考点6】虚拟语气（6）—宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
1. I?d rather that you ______ there yesterday and ______ again next weekend.
A. went; should come
B. should go; had come
C. had gone; came
D. go; come
2. — I blamed her yesterday.
— I would rather you ______ that.
A. didn?t do
B. hadn?t done
C. wouldn?t do
D. shouldn?t do
1. The teacher ordered that students_______.
A. mustn?t smoke
B. not smoke
C. smoked
D. had smoked
2. The teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o?clock.
A. finished
B. finish
C. should finish
D. be finished
3.The guard there insisted that everybody ______ the rules.
1. Mike insisted that he _______ never __________ (steal) anything.
2. Mike insisted that he ________________ (leave) for London now.
3. His pale face suggested that he _______ (be) ill.
4. He suggested that we _________________ (finish) it before dark.
5. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set
B. had done; should be set
C. do ; be set
D. does; would be set
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
It?s suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.
It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.
It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.
【跟踪训练】
1. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination?
A. takes
B. has to take
C. must take
D. take
2. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell
B. should tell
C. had told
D. has told
3. It was ordered that no smoking ____ in the library.
A. should allow
B. be allowed
C. will be allowed
D. is allowed
例：
My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
【跟踪训练】
1. His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
A. try
B. tries
C. must try
D. can try
2. He gave the advice that they ____ each other.
A. helped
B. must help
C. help
D. had helped
3. My suggestion is that a few more people ___ there to help me.
A. be sent
B. have sent
C. send
D. should send
1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
2. The two strangers talked as if they ____friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
3. The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _______rain.
A. is going to
B. will
C. was going to
D. would
例：
If my grandmother were with me!(be)
如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！(事实是：祖母已不在世)
If only she had not left!(not leave)
如果她没走就好了！(事实是：她已经走了)
If only I had taken her advice!(take)
如果我听从了她的建议就好了。(事实是：我没有听从)
【跟踪训练】
1. If only I _______ (know) his name now!
2. If only we ______________ (follow) your advice last time!
3. If only I ___________ (see) him again next year!
It?s time that we went to bed.
It?s time that we should go to bed.
=It?s time for us to go to bed.
我们该去睡觉了。
【跟踪训练】
1. It is time that you ______ the whole book.
A. must go over
B. can go over
C. went over
D. have gone over
2. — Excuse me, but it is time you your temperature .
— Ok.
A. have; taken
B. have; to take
C. had; taken
D. had; to take
May you be happy!祝你快乐！
May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就
May the friendship last forever!
May you succeed!
May the plan work!
【模拟演练】
1.If I had had enough time, I___ my work.
A. would finish
B. must have finished
C. would have finished
D. had finished
2.Ten minutes earlier, they ___ the plane.
A. will catch
B. would catch
C. would have caught
D. will have caught
3. Mr Green requires that the students ___ a composition every other week.
A. write
B. written
C. would write
D. will write
4.Had he studied hard, he___ the exam.
A. would pass
B. could pass
C. had passed
D. would have passed
5. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. (10四川)
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
6. It is important that you ___ sports every day.
A. have
B. would have
C. must have
D. will have
7.If there were no water in the world, everything ___.
A. will die
B. would die
C. would have died
D. would have been dead
8. ___ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known
B. If I know
C. If I knew
D. If had I known
9.He ordered that the work ___ right away.
A. should finish
B. finished
C. would be finished
D. be finished
10. —Isn?t it about the time you to do morning exercise?
—Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?
A. begin
B. have begun
C. began
D. had begun
11. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I?d rather he_____ more on its culture. （2010江苏卷）
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
12. Had they known what was coming next, they _______ second thoughts. （12浙江）
A. may have
B. could have
C. must have had
D. might have had
13. If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. （10年陕西）
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
16. The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he ___ a Chinese.
A. is
B. be
C. should be
D. were
20. This printer is of good quality. If it ____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
17. The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A wouldn?t
B couldn?t
C needn?t
D sho uldn?t
18. Look at the trouble we?re in. If only we our teacher?s advice!（南京11届高三一模）
A. took
B. would take
C. would have taken
D. had taken
19. If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. （10年湖南）
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow
20. I ______ sooner but I didn?t know that they were waiting for me.（2011天津）
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
21. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.（2011新课标）
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. should
22. —Where are the children? The dinner?s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they always late.(2011北京)
A. weren?t
B. hadn?t been
C. wouldn?t be
D. wouldn?t have been
31. ____ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet Games, I would be sitting in
a comfortable office now．
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted
32. Children deserve a sporting chance, so our suggestion is that physical education be listed as
a part of the gaokao.
A. shall
B. should
C. will
D. must
33. It?s too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I ______ that programme!
A. didn?t run
B. haven?t run
C. hadn?t run
D. wouldn?t run
34. —The food in the restaurant is horrible. If only we ______ to the students? canteen.
—But the food isn?t everything. Isn?t it nice just to get away from all the noise?
A.would go
B. have gone
C. had gone
D. will go
35. I would have come here earlier, but _____that they were waiting for me.
A. hadn?t known
B. didn?t know
C. would have known
D. haven?t known
36. —Peter was admitted to a second-class college．
—He___ a top university, but he was addicted to playing computer games．（苏北四市12期末调研）
A. had entered
B. would enter
C. must have entered
D. could have entered
37. I would have come here earlier, but _____that they were waiting for me.
A. hadn?t known
B. didn?t know
C. would have known
D. haven?t kno wn
38. —I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn?t you drive him there?
— I ________. But my car ________.（苏北四市10二调）
A.would; was fixed
B. would have; was fixed
C. would have; was being fixed
D. did; was being fixed
39.—I won?t be in for dinner tonight.
—Wel l, ______you?d told me earlier.
A. I hope
B. I wish
C. I forgot
D. I remember
40. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday.( 12福建)
A. visited
B. had visited
C. would visit
D. would have visited
41. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
42. Jack is a great talker. It?s high tim e that he something instead of just talking. （12辽宁）
A. will do
B. has done
C. do
D. did
43. Don?t handle the vase as if it made of steel.（2012北京）
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语虚拟语气知识 点及练习 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。 一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法： 1、a. If I were you, I would apply for the job. b. If I lived near my office, I would walk to the office. 与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were） 主句谓语：should / would / could / might+动词原形 2、a. If you had been more careful, You could have passed the exam. b. If you had turned off the gas, the house wouldn’t have caught fire. 与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + have done 3、a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. b. if it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. c. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go camping. 与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式 / should + v原形 / were + to do 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + do 二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如： a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. 从句叙述与过去事实相反（had + done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would + v）
【英语】中考考点_虚拟语气知识点汇总(全)经典 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that . A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’t C．am , won’t D．were , won’t 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should （would,could,might）+ 动词原形。故选D。 考点：虚拟条件句。 2．If I not so busy ,I with you . A．was , would go B．were , would go C．was , should go D．were , will go 【答案】B 【解析】句意“如果我不忙，我就跟你去”。本题考查对将来的虚拟语气。即“if+过去时，主语+should/would/could/might do”结构。故选B。 点睛： 3． If I you,I buy a bike for him. A．was,would B．was,could C．were,would D．were,could 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会给他买一辆自行车。buy sth for sb给某人买某物；本句用的是虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反，在虚拟语气中不能用was,而用were，因此选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars?
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
最新中考考点_虚拟语气知识点汇总(全) 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I ________ ten years younger, I _________ piano lessons and go to a music college. A．am; will take B．was; took C．were; will take D．were; would take 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：if虚拟语气中，对现在的情况进行虚拟，从句谓语动词均用一般过去时（be动词用were）,主句用would/should/could/might+do.句意：如果我再年轻十岁，我会参加钢琴课程并去上音乐大学。故选D. 考点：if条件状语从句的虚拟语气 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，中考中有所涉及，但不常见。用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去 事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 2．The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：空气污染越来越糟糕。政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。 考查谓语动词。A. go 去；B. goes 去；C. going 在去；D. to go 为了去。这是一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（should）do结构，should可省略。故选A。 3．If I ______ you, I ______invite him to go to see a movie. A．am;would B．were;will C．were;would D．was;will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会邀请他去看电影。go to see a movie去看电影；invite sb to do邀请某人做某事；在表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，Be用were,主句用
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
虚拟语气的基本容 【开头引入】 If 如果(如果有两种可能,有可能发生的，不可能发生的。) ①有可能发生If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park. ②不可能发生虚拟语气，例如，如果我是明，。。。 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所以，凡表示与事实不符的假设，想象，愿望时，需用虚拟语气表达。 一、If 引导的虚拟 （一）If 引导的虚拟语气,可用下表表示。 例如： ①与现在事实相反：If I had wings, I would fly over the sea. ②If she were rich, she would buy a bigger house. If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk on the earth. ②与过去事实相反： If You had gone to the party, You would have seen YaoMing. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. ③与将来事实相反： If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting. If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together. If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go skating. （二）if虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。 如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had, should,可把if 省略，把were, had, should 提到主语前面，成为倒装结构。 ①If I were you, I would accept the challenges. ----Were I you, I would accept the challenges ②If you had informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. ----Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract. ③If she should be my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. ----Should she be my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.
虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。 1 （1be动词的过去式用were”。如： ?. If I were a boy, I would join the army. ? （2 则用过去分词” ? （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： ?. If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) ?. Were I a boy, I would join the army. ?. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. ?. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （ ①。表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”； 表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： ?. I wish it were spring all the year round. ?. I wish I had known the answer. ? suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist, request, should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：?. She suggested we (should) leave here at once. ? （2 作表示建议、 等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如： ?. His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. ? （3 “should + 动词原形”
高中英语语法主语从句 第一节主语从句 1．考点解析。 1．主语从句一般分为三类：由what等代词引导的主语从句；由连词that 引导主语从句，多数情况下由it作形式主语，that从句放到句子后面去；由连接代词或连接副词（或whether）引导的主语从句。 What they are after is beauty. It is not your fault that we can’t arrive on time. When they will arrive has not been decided. 2. 由关系代词what引导的主语从句，也可由whatever（“所…的一切”）或 whoever（“一切…的人”）引导。 Whatever he wants is your support. Whoever comes will be welcome. 3. 大多数主语从句都可用it代替，作形式主语，把主语从句放在句尾。要注意it代替主语从句和it引导的强调句的区别。强调句的结构是it is/was….+that…，强调人是可把that 换做who，whom，whose。如强调的是状语时，也只能用that,而不能用when, where, how, why等。 It was in Paris that they fell in love with each other. It is the lady who was my English teacher. It was last semester that he won the first prize. 2. 试题详解。 1．______ he needs is more experience. A. Who B. That C. What D. How 2.It was because of the heavy snow ______ the train was late. A. why B. that C. so D. thus 3．It doesn’t matter ______ he likes or not. A. whether B. what C. when D. that 4______ he has won the Noble Prize has been proved to be true. A. What B. How C. It D. That 5．What he wants _______ to sleep more. A. are B. have been C. is D. were 6．______ we can begin this investigation is still a question. A. When B. Why C. What D. That 7．It is ______ that the highway will be open to traffic nest year. A. report B. reported C. reporting D. by report 8．______ fails to see this will make a big mistake. A. Whatever B. what C. wherever D. Whoever 9．It is a mystery _____ the prisoner escaped. A. why B. how C. what D. that 10．It was last summer _____ he graduated from the college. A. that B. when C. / D. where 3. 实战演练。 1. We didn’t know ______ she didn’t come. A. why B. that C. when D. it 2. It is still doubtful _______ she would play the part.
高中英语虚拟语气知识点 1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表： 句型条件从句主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 祈使句 情态动词一般现在时 例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. （错）If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. （对）If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will）+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 16.2 非真实条件句 1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等+动词原形 例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 含义：They are not here, they can’t help you. b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 过去完成时should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词 例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that . A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’t C．am , won’t D．were , won’t 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should （would,could,might）+ 动词原形。故选D。 考点：虚拟条件句。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ______ you, I _____the job. A．was; will take B．was; would take C．were; would take D．were; will take 【答案】 C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我就要这份工作。If引导的句子是愿望时，用过去式表示，而且系动词用were,主句用would加原形。故选C。 考点: 考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．If I ______ you, I ______invite him to go to see a movie. A．am;would B．were;will C．were;would D．was;will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会邀请他去看电影。go to see a movie去看电影；invite sb to do邀请某人做某事；在表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，Be用were,主句用would。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 5．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars? — I would give it to charity.
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 （4）I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 （5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.