英语语法专题演练 非谓语动词3

非谓语动词三大形式非谓语动词是英语中一种特殊的动词形式，在句子中作不同的语法功能。

非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词。

在本文中，我们将介绍这三种形式的用法以及它们在句子中的不同作用。

一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由“to + 动词原形”构成。

在句子中，动词不定式可以作多种语法功能，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。

1. 作主语动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，常常用于表达一种观点、信念或建议。

例如：•To learn a new language takes time and effort.（学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。

）•To travel is to live.（旅行就是生活。

）2. 作宾语动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，常常用于表示目的、意图或动作的结果。

例如：•I want to visit Paris.（我想去巴黎。

）•She loves to read books.（她喜欢阅读书籍。

）3. 作表语动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语，常常用于描述主语的特征、性质或状态。

例如：•Her dream is to become a doctor.（她的梦想是成为一名医生。

）•The key to happiness is to live in the present.（快乐的钥匙是活在当下。

）4. 作宾补动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾补，常常用于补充说明及物动词的意义。

例如：•She made me laugh.（她让我笑了。

）•They consider him to be the best candidate.（他们认为他是最佳候选人。

）二、动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，以-ing结尾。

在句子中，动名词可以作多种语法功能，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。

1. 作主语动名词可以作为句子的主语，常常用于表示一种习惯、经验或普遍情况。

例如：•Running helps to keep me fit.（跑步有助于保持健康。

专题05非谓语动词年份卷别动词不定式三年（16考）过去分词三年（10考）现在分词与动名词三年（15考）命题趋势2024新高考I卷to give closed engineering动词不定式：1.考查不定式的句法功能（做目的状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。

2.不定式的固定搭配和句型。

过去分词：1.考查过去分词形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语）。

2.过去分词与现在分词辨析。

现在分词和动名词：1.考查动词-ing形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。

2.动词-ing的固定搭配和句型。

高考真题对非谓语的考查往往以较长句子出现，需要注重结构复杂化和情景化。

新高考II卷to find inspired recalling全国甲卷to catchshared→sharepacking→packed浙江卷1月to benefit designed2023新高考I卷to biteto be liftedrecognized wanting新高考II卷visiting全国甲卷to teach borrowing全国乙卷built recording;Havingvisited 北京卷to address facing浙江卷1月surrounded2022新高考I卷to increase Covering新高考II卷to see falling全国甲卷to talkto journeystaying(改错)planning全国乙卷to strengthen shared inviting;causing(改错)浙江卷1月to continue changing 北京卷supposed天津卷To keep allowing考点01动词不定式1.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）These sepals open on warm days________(give)the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.【答案】to give【解析】考查非谓语动词。

专题03 非谓语动词(期中重点语法)知识串讲作为动词考点中的一大走向，非谓语动词是每年高考的必考点与重难点。

作为英语所独有的一种语法现象，非谓语动词在看重语言能力素养的时代，更有着不可替代的重要位置。

例如高考写作的比例增加了，而优秀的叙述性写作少不了非谓语动词的应用。

因此，高考对非谓语动词的考查力度不会减弱，只会加强。

非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。

是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分高考考哪些？分析历年的高考真题，和近两年的真题的出题趋势，以及各省市的模拟试题，最后结合高考难度设定，可以得到下面这张图的范围。

如果你想拿高分，就记住张图。

如果你基础不好，就记住下面这张图。

一共5个，其中的to be done，being done，分别是to do 和doing 的被动形式。

用法基本没区别，只是在含义上多一层被动含义考点1不定式1.作主语(1)含义：表示某一次的具体动作或表示一般情况(2)谓语动词的数：动词不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式(3)位置：动词不定式作主语时，可位于句首，也可位于句末(it作形式主语)To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。

It is against my principles to do such a thing.做这样的事是违反我的原则的。

2.作宾语(1)常见的可接不定式作宾语的动词：afford，agree，arrange，ask，attempt，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail,，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，plan，pretend(假装)，promise，prove，refuse，resolve(解决)，want，wish等。

一、单句填空。

1.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by__________（eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.2. A few months later, this comer became a beautiful garden __________（surround) by colorful flowers and healthy trees.3.Helen and Lisa think there are many different ways __________（spend) their spare time.4.When __________（combine) properly,the five elements form a perfect system which almost works for every company.5.This was a surprising ending for my opponent and for the people __________（watch) this contest.6.In my opinion,giving someone a hug and holding their hands __________(comfort) them can only be done in person.7.Brian finds his smartphone functioning much faster,______（install)a new operating system.8.An elderly man, Jean Papich, eighty-four,sat in the driver's seat,__________g(tum) the key and hitting the gas skilfully.9.__________（use) the Internet to communicate with others may be easier, but it lacks many qualities that a face-to-face conversation possesses.10.You'd better get yourself __________（prepare) for the winter. It's cold here.11.They are required__________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for sew other bodily functions.12.Trust is a treasure; once __________（lose),it can lost never be won back.13.Books in Dale's room are arranged in order of English letters to make it easier for them__________( find).14.0n __________ ( approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hardto move the stone to the side of the road.15.__________（work) fog two days, Steve manages to finish his report on schedule.16.It's quite an interesting place to live and the best thing to do __________（do) here is go shopping.17.These cloth tigers, __________（sew) by hand with yellow cloth,are exaggerated(夸张）compared with the original shape of the tiger by shrinking its body and tail andsimplifying its legs.18.Failing__________(tum)in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course.19.__________（lead) by the local guide, the tourists got out of the forest easily.20. Today we have invited Fread Wocson,a driving instructor of over 20 years' experience to talk to us about __________（learn) to drive.21.The vice president of Starbucks UK said,"Starbucks is committed to__________(increase) recycling rates. "22.__________（build) in the 1950s, the art museum looks very old but it gives people a sense of art.23. My family wasn't very rich and __________(earn)some extra money,I had to takepart-time jobs in my spare time.24.The witnesses__________(question)by he police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.25.Most students object to __________ (charge) for parking on campus.26. The shop owner will get all these goods ordered _______(deliver) to the customers today.27.For those people __________(desire) some perfect shots and those who don't want to wait too long,getting up earlier can be very rewarding.28.The new technology, if ______（apply) to rice growing,will help increase the grain output.29.It is important for you __________（give) firm commands in dog training.30 ________( comment)on by famous people, the piece of work has become more valuable.二、语法填空。

非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语，但又具有动词特征的动词形式。

一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式：不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。

1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”（有时可省略to），例如“to study”、“to play”等。

它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。

To see is to believe.（作主语和表语）I want to learn English.（作宾语）2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing，和现在分词的形式一样，如“swimming”、“reading”等。

动名词在句中主要起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Swimming is my favorite sport.（作主语）I enjoy reading books.（作宾语）3.分词现在分词：也是动词原形加-ing，它既有动词特征，又有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。

The running boy is my brother.（作定语）Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.（作状语）过去分词：通常是动词原形加-ed（规则变化）或有其特殊的不规则变化形式，如“broken”、“written”等。

过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义，同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。

The broken cup is on the table.（作定语）Given more time, I can do it better.（作状语）二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为，常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构，It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。

非谓语动词的三种形式及用法讲解非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。

在英语语法中，非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词。

下面将分别介绍它们的用法和特点。

1. 动词不定式动词不定式是指动词原形加上“to”的形式，如“to do”、“to be”等。

在句子中，动词不定式常常用作主语、宾语、表语等。

例如:- I want to go to the movies.(我想去看电影。

)- She gave me a book to read.(她给了我一本书读。

)- To be honest, I don"t like this movie.(说实话，我不喜欢这部电影。

)动词不定式表示未发生的动作或目的，常用于表示意愿、打算、建议等。

另外，动词不定式还可以用作动词的定语，表示被修饰动词的目的或结果。

例如:- She has a lot of work to do.(她有很多工作要做。

)- I am looking forward to your visit.(我期待着你的访问。

)2. 动名词动名词是指动词加上“-ing”的形式，如“doing”、“being”等。

在句子中，动名词常常用作主语、宾语、表语等。

例如:- Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

) - She enjoys playing the piano.(她喜欢弹钢琴。

)- The company is famous for producing high-qualityproducts.(这家公司以生产高质量的产品而闻名。

)动名词表示正在进行的动作或状态，常用于表示爱好、兴趣、能力等。

另外，动名词还可以用作动词的定语，表示被修饰动词的方式或伴随状况。

例如:- I am feeling very tired.(我感觉很累。

)- She was excited about learning a new language.(她对学习一门新语言感到兴奋。

中考英语非谓语动词语法解析（三）考点6：考查不定式省略to的用法不定式省略to主要见于以下情况：1. 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，不定式不能带to。

如：I will have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。

Please let me know what happens. 请告诉我发生的事。

They made me repeat the whole story. 他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。

但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，要补上在主动语态中省略的to。

如：She must be made to comply with the rules. 必须让她遵守规则。

2. 当不定式用于感觉动词（如see, hear, watch, notice, feel等）后作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。

如：I heard him say so. 我听到他这样说。

I saw the train come into the station. 我看到火车进站了。

I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。

但是，当它们用于被动语态时，则其后的不定式必须带to。

如：The woman was seen to enter a bank. 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。

3. 当不定式用于动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to（当然也可以带to）。

如：They helped us (to) move it. 他们帮我们搬动它。

I can help (to) cook and wash up. 我可以帮忙做饭和洗碗。

【考例1】The woman made his son ________ finally after she told him some jokes. (吉林通化中考题)A. laughedB. to laughC. laughD. laughing 【分析】答案选C。

非谓语动词之巴公井开创作非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词.现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一年夜类叫作v + ing 形式.这些动词的形式不能在句中独自作谓语用,因而没有语法主语.但可以有逻辑主语.由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能暗示举措和状态,所以仍有暗示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式.由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有暗示主、主动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语).动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词.（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,如：to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如：to study hard, to play table tennis.1、动词不定式的形式变动：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变动.2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与暗示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up… 为表语,主语为plan,但plan其实不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式 to set up所暗示的举措不是主语plan发生的.）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学.（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所暗示的举措的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所暗示的举措是由we发生的）.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语,如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?（4）作宾语补足语,如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用需要的介词,如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式暗示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了）,但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将暗示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如：To master a foreignlanguage, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放.③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式,暗示“足能…”的结果,如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式.其中for自己无意义.for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 看成表语用的形容词暗示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成,如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所暗示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所暗示的举措是和谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生,但在大都情况下,是在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后发生,如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后）,They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所暗示的举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所暗示的举措正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生,如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的主动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所暗示的举措的接受者时,不定式一般就用主动语态形式,如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.非谓语动词（二）——动词-ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词.-ing 形式仍保管有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语.1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式.及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和主动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有主动语态.现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下：2、-ing形式的基本用法.（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见.Talking iseasier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置.如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语.She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语. Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③ do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing,暗示“做…事”之意,如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语.另外,-ing作定语用时,其举措和句子谓语动词所暗示的举措是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如：The girl who wrotea letter there yesterday can speak English very well.（5）作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等.（6）作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如：When crossing street, you must be careful.②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或陪伴状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的举措发生在句中谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用.句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,而且是它所暗示的举措的执行者,如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.4、主动语态-ing一般式的基本用法.主动语态-ing一般式所暗示的举措是一个正在进行中的主动举措,而且这个主动举措也是和句中谓语所暗示的举措同时发生的.它一般在句中作定语或状语用.如：The truck being repaired there is ours.5、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法.主动语态-ing完成式所暗示的举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之前,在句中一般作状语用.如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6、-ing形式的复合结构.在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构.其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语.这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词经常使用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格经常使用名词的普通格取代,如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.一般说来,暗示一个比力笼统或泛指的举措时多用-ing形式.暗示一个具体某一次的举措时,多用动词不定式,如：Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.-ing形式作定语用时,其举措一般与句中谓语动词所暗示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其举措一般发生在句中谓语动词所暗示的举措之后.如：The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.（1）不定式作宾补时,其举措一般发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后,如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.（2）在see, watch,hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,暗示其举措正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所暗示的举措是一个举措的过程,如：I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌. I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌.10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句作状语暗示时间、原因、方式或陪伴情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如：Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.非谓语动词（三）——过去分词( 三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所暗示的举措是一个主动的或是已完成的举措.过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成份.过去分词在句中作某种成份时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所暗示的举措的接受者,如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后.被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时,暗示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的. 注：过去分词作表语时,和动词的主动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义分歧,如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的.作表语用的过去分词在许多辞书中已列为形容词,如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等.（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常暗示该分词所暗示的举措是由他人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找他人）把我的自行车给修了.（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所暗示意义的逻辑宾语.为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as等连词,如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语.）自力主格：上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的自力的主语,这种自力的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成自力主格.自力主格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所暗示的举措和句中谓语动词所暗示的时间关系而定.至于自力主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所暗示的举措的主动主动关系而定,如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been fini shed, she sat down to have a rest. ①自力结构中的being 或having been常可省去,如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作陪伴状语的自力结构常可用with短语来取代,如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式与过去分词的区别：（1）语态分歧：-ing形式暗示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众.（2）时间关系分歧：现在分词所暗示的举措一般是正在进行中的举措,而过去分词所暗示的举措,往往是已经完成的举措,如：The changing world正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变动的世界.易错易混点1．疑问词＋动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.2．动词不定式的否定式：由not ＋动词不定式构成.3．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示笼统或泛指的举措.不定式：暗示具体某一次的举措.She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.4．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别.v．-ing形式：举措与谓语动词所暗示的举措同时发生.不定式：举措发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后.eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.I have three letters to write.5．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别.(1)不定式作宾补时,其举措一般发生在谓语动词所暗示的举措之后,如：I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用v.-ing形式作宾补,暗示其举措正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所暗示的举措是一个举措的过程,如：I hear her singing in the room. 我听见她正在屋里唱歌.I hear her sing in the room. 我听见她在屋里唱过歌.6．v.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.v．-ing形式：暗示时间、原因、方式或陪伴情况.不定式：作目的或结果状语.7．v.-ing形式与过去分词的区别：(1)语态分歧：v.-ing形式暗示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词暗示主动概念.an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说； the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众(2)时间关系分歧：现在分词所暗示的举措一般是正在进行中的举措,而过去分词所暗示的举措,往往是已经完成的举措,如：the changing world正在变动的世界 the changed world 已经变动了的世界8．自力主格结构：有时v.-ing和过去分词在句中也有自己的自力的主语,这种自力的主语一般为名词或代词,和v.-ing还有过去分词构成自力主格结构.该结构在句中一般只作状语. 自力主格中是使用v.-ing还是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所暗示的举措的主动或被动关系来定,如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.注意：①自力结构中的being或having been常可省去,如：The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room.②作陪伴状语的自力结构常可用with短语来取代, 如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.＝ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.非谓语的解题步伐或思路（1）先判断空格部份所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词.自力的句子, 从句或非谓语自力的句子加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个自力的句子.自力的句子,（逗号）有and,but, so 等词加自力的句子.（2）再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或主动；（3）接下来再判断时态,（4）如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面（5）一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果纷歧致的话,要把非谓语的自力主语加上.非谓语罕见的位置,或在句子中所担负的成份（1）非谓语动词短语, + 主句或者是主句, 非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如： influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下,首先,找出主句的主语,然后以主句的主语为动身点,来判断非谓语动词是主动还是主动,如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语纷歧致,还要考虑自力主格结构,也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去：例如： All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比力,看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后.（2）跟在介词,动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 供认 appreciate 感激 avoid 防止 put off 推迟 keep 坚持consider 考虑 delay/ postpone 担搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist 抵抗 mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 防止excuse 原谅practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过 imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁 involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受 understand 理解罕见的带介词to的短语： be used to 习惯 be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to 全神贯注于 give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任 devote oneself to 献身于lead to 招致 be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意（3）介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式；（4）跟在名词后面做定语时, 一般不用having done/ having been done 结构（5）放在句首做主语 , 一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语Generally speaking 一般来说Consi dering …. 考虑到,鉴于 Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如 Judging from/ by…根据…判断 Given sth 假如,如果；鉴于,考虑到Given that…假如,如果；鉴于,考虑到 including sth (sth included)包括某事非谓语动词基础练习1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into thepocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to putD. putting2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.A. haveB. havingC. and haveD. and having3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. having asked4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carryB. seen carryingC. saw to carryD. saw carrying9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting upC. have set upD. having set up10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.A. visitB. paying a visitC. walk inD. walking in12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.A. putB. puttingC. to putD. to be putting13. “Where is David?”“H e is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”A. to getB. gettingC. to be gettingD. having got14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?”“________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. to be getting15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. to have lost16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.A. to findB. to have foundC. to be foundD. being found17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hismother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked19. Finding her car stolen, _______.A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company a nd the customers?”“The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”A. to solving, makingB. to solving, madeC. to solve, makingD. to solve, made21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?”“_______ her new bike.”A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send himto university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invited25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.A. being sung, sangB. sang, singingC. sung, singD. to be sung, to sing非谓语动词提高练习1. The great hall was crowded with many people, __ many children __on their parents’ lapA. including; seatedB. including; seatingC. included; satD. included; sitting2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A. holdingB. to be heldC. heldD. to be holding3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rainB. There was no rainC. To be no rainD. There being no rain4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight.A. makingB. makesC. to makeD. made5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, manypeople in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____.A. to escape burningB. to escape being burnedC. escaping burnedD. escaping from burning6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good tohis health.A. continuedB. to continueC. continuesD. continuing7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do withsome things _____.A. remaining; remained to be settledB. remaining;remaining to be settledC. remained; remained to settleD. remained;remaining to settle8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well.A. ConsideringB. ConsideredC. ConsiderD. Having considered9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact,a war will break out soon.A. JudgedB. JudgingC. Having judgedD. To judge10. — Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? —Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys_____.A. to play; dancingB. playing; to danceC. to play; to danceD. playing; is to dance11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressedB. to have addressedC. to have been addressedD. being addressed12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texasas it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003,_____ all seven astronauts aboard.A. having killedB. killingC. being killedD. killed13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.A. needs repairingB. needing repairedC. needed repairingD. needing to be repaired14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sendingB. Tom’s delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to sendD. Tom delayed to send15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid_____ them.A. of talking back; to loseB. of talking back; of losingC. to talk back; to loseD. to talk back; of losing16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anythingbut _____ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoyB. enjoyingC. enjoyedD. to enjoy17. — Is Tom a good talker? — No, he never speaks tome other than _____ something?A. ask forB. to ask forC. asked forD. asking for18. I can’t get my car _____ on cold mornings, so I have totry _____ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fillB. running; fillingC. running;to fill D. ran; filling19. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sentthe bowls _____ in all directions before he was sent _____by his wife.A. flying; to sleepB. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleepingD. to fly; to sleep20. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _____but the door _____.A. being on; shutB. burning; shuttingC. burning;shut D. on; shutting21. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixedB. fixC. fixingD. to fix22. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.A. callingB. to callC. being calledD.to be called23. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, _____ just a minute. So he’s usuallythe teacher’s pet.A. thoughtB. having thoughtC. and to thinkD. thinking24. The policeman came up to the lonely house with the door____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to standB. opening; stoodC. open; stoodD. opened; standing25. _____ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour, andthen an old man suddenly started to cross the road in frontof me.A. DrivingB. I was drivingC. Having drivenD. When I was driving26. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had_____ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairingB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired27. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken28. —Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? — _____the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed29. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was __ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share30. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _____.A. playing withB. having played withC. with whom to play withD. with whom to play31. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree_____ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening32. The competitor never dreamed of _____ for him to win thefirst prize in the 100-meter race.A. there was a chanceB. there being a chanceC. it being a chanceD. it was a chance33. _____ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’tfeel quite so bad when it does.A. Having expectedB. ExpectC. To expectD. Expecting34. — You _____ part in the party on time. — Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to takeB. have supposed to takeC. were to have takenD. supposed to take 35. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared36. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself_____ at the party.A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticed37. The matter _____ your study surely requires _____ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to;dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to;having dealt with38. _____ made her parents worried a lot.A. Her not to come backB. Not her to come backC. Her not coming backD. Not her coming back39. Everything _____ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking40. He moved away from his parents and missed them _____ enjoythe exciting life in New York.A. much so as toB. very much toC. too much toD. enough to41. —What do you think of the plan? —It’s easier saidthan _____.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD.to carry out42. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛)because they knew what _____ from the forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting43. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone wouldlike _____ to themselves. A. to introduce B. tobe introduced C. introducing D. beingintroduced44. —Were you at home last Sunday? —Yeah! I devotedthe whole day to _____ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed45. Once _____ at the shop, you will be dismissed immediately.A. caught stealingB. caught to stealC. catching stealingD. to catch to steal46. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can belower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD.buying47. _____, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vacation being overB. The summer。

【英语】英语非谓语动词专题练习(及答案)含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．Today there are more airplanes____ more people than ever before in the skies.A．carry B．carryingC．carried D．to be carrying【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查现在分词作定语。

句意：现在比以前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。

此处airplane和carrying之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。

故选B。

考点：考查现在分词作定语【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语airplanes与动词carry构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.-ing形式作定语。

2．——Can I smoke here? ——Sorry. We don’t allow _______here.A．people smoking B．people smoke C．to smoke D．smoking【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：--我可以在这里吸烟吗？---对不起，我们不允许在这里吸烟。

allow sb to do 允许某人做某事；allow doing允许做某事。

根据句意故选D。

考点：考查冠词的用法。

3．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer.A．not finishing B．had not been finishedC．not having finished D．not finished【答案】D【解析】试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。