1.什么是非谓语动词？谓语的形式？
非谓语动词，简单理解就是动词改变形式以后，不做谓语，而是去做除了谓语以外的其他句子成分。
（时态语态形式的动词全都是谓语，而非谓语和时态语态比较像，注意不要混淆）
简单来说，非谓语动词有三种基本形式，记住三种基本形式以后我们去记变形的形式。
2.什么时候使用非谓语动词？
非谓语动词，在同一个句子中有了谓语动词时，我们还需要用到动词，这时我们有三个解决办法：（1）插入从句；（2）并列句；（3）用非谓语。
下边这三句话我们判断，哪一个需要用非谓语形式？
（1）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which _____(use) it differently.
（2）He had plenty of money and he __________(spend) it freely.
（3）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ____(use) the sun and the stars.
是第（3）句需要用非谓语形式。第一句是从句，第二句是并列句，这两句都需要用谓语动词。
(注意与时态语态区分) To be honest, no speech _______so far has had the same effect on me as this one.
A. has been made
B. being made
C. made
D. to be made
答案：C. 这道题我们先要判断用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：由于句中有谓语动词，而且不存在从句和并列句，因此选择非谓语动词。那究竟怎么选择非谓语动词的形式呢，它们又有哪些形式，我们往下看。
3.非谓语动词的基本形式与使用规则
做题总依据：to do表目的、表将来，doing表主动、表正在进行，done表被动、表完成。
例题1. –Why are they pulling down the houses? --______ a new parking lot.
A. Build
B.To build
C. Building
D. Built
答案：C. to do表示目的：为了建造停车场。
例题2.______ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised
B.Raising
C.Raised
D. To raise
答案：C. 被动和完成的含义：他过去被抚养在格拉斯哥最穷的地区。
例题3. Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing
B.to write
C. written
D. being written 答案：C. 被动和完成的含义：书已经被写完了。
练习题（1）. When the clerk saw a kind face in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground,______ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering
B.wonder
C. to wonder
D. wondered
练习题（2）. There are still many problems______before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving
B.solved
C. being solved
D. to be solved
4.逻辑主语的重要性以及怎么找到逻辑主语？
逻辑主语就是非谓语动词的动作的主语是谁？为什么说找到逻辑主语很重要，我们回顾刚才的例题3.
Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing
B.to write
C. written
D. being written 这道题逻辑主语是书，但是如果把逻辑主语看成人，那么选就应该选A，而不是正确答案C. 很多同学都错在找不到逻辑主语上了。
逻辑主语寻找方法：在非谓语所在句中先往前寻找主语，如果有名词/代词，那么非谓语动词前边的名词/代词就是逻辑主语，此时注意往前找的时候需要是同一句里的名词或者代词，名词/代词与非谓语之间不允许有逗号隔开，否则就不是逻辑主语了。
如果往前没有名词或者代词，那么主句主句就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
5.三种非谓语基本形式的变形：
简单来记：
be被动变形： to be done表示：为了被……;将要被……
being done表示：正在被……; 只表示被动。注意和done区别开
(注意：to be doing 表示动作主动正在进行： They pretend to be working when the boss came in.)
have完成变形（多表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作，或强调完成）：
having done表示之前主动做完某事having been done 之前被……
to have done表示之前主动做，不能单独出现，一般需要出现在谓语动词后边。
to have been done表示之前被……,也不能单独出现，一般出现在谓语动词后边。
为了记住这些变形，我们看几个例句。
e.g. Not having got far in the contest, we are so disappointed.
(非谓语动词的否定形式：在前边+not)
Professor John is said to have made some significant advances in his research. Having been denied by many potential customers , the salesman had to gather his courage and sell the product in different ways.
例题： --Did you have a good time last night?
--Yes, thank you. I appreciated______to the concert.
A. to be invited
B. being invited
C. to have been invited
D. having been invited
详解：由于appreciate后接doing形式，那么从B或D中选择，因为是昨晚的邀请，过去了，用D.表示完成。
练习题（3）_____for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work
B.Worked
C. To be working
D. Having worked 练习题（4）______nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. A.Having spent B.To spend C.spent D. To have spent 练习题（5）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it______ live is quite another.
A. perform
B.performing
C.to perform
D.being performed 练习题（6）The engine just won’t start. Something seems____ wrong with it.
A. to go
B.to have gone
C.going
D. having gone
6.注意固定搭配--注意词组，注意固定句式。
有时候，当动词是使动词时，大家就容易做错题，关于使动词，我们这里不做过多赘述，做这类题想提高正确率，最简单的方法，就是背住常考词组。
比如：
例题：______to her own work, she spent little time with her family.
A.Devoted
B. To be devoted
C.Devoting
D. Having devoted
这道题正确答案是A. 如果不知道devote是使动词，或者不知道be devoted to doing 这个词组，按照主观意愿，就会选为C. 同学们会认为主动投入工作，就应该选C.所以要积累以下
词组：
常考：be located in; be devoted to(sth/doing sth); be absorbed in; be known as; be intended to do/for sth;be determined to do; be expected to do……
练习题（7）
______(locate) in the center of the town , the shopping mall is crowded with customers every day.
固定句式：It remains to be seen, s th is believed to do(人们认为……)—作文万能句子
整体非谓语动词的规则我们清楚了之后，大概可以做对一半的非谓语动词题目。另一半题目，
需要积累。我们一起看一下，这些非谓语动词的细节知识点。
8.更多to do 不定式用法
8.1作主语
—To read this book is the best thing that you can do now. （了解即可--与doing作
主语的区别：就是to do 的动作为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）
经常用It 作形式主语。常考的句型--It is adj for /of sb+to do sth.
翻译句子：对你来说学好英语很重要。
你嘲笑残疾人是不对的。
8.2作宾语
下列动词后边再接动词只能接不定式：
Decide determine, learn, want, expect, hope,
wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help, seem to do……
还有跟在疑问词后边的不定式：疑问词 + to do作宾语
E.g. I do not know how to fix the equipment.
在谓语（动词）后，表达带有疑问的内容，直接在to do 前加相应疑问词。
练习：翻译“我不知道什么时候去”
I don’t know when to go.）
8.3作表语
(了解即可)His job is to paint the walls. （与doing作表语的区别：就是to do 的动作
为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）
8.4作补语
e.g The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
类似的常接补语的谓语动词还有：
advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, remind, wish, want, warn, tell， permit， forbid， persuade等接sb时，接
to do (注意没有hope sb to do sth)
(allow, forbid,permit，advise如果后边没有其他人做宾语，直接接非谓语的话要接doing.
很多学生在这里也比较猛=懵，注意区分：We don’t allow smoking here= We don’t allow anyone to smoke here.)
8.5作定语
She is a nice girl to get along with.
被序数词、最高级或all, no, any修饰的中心词，后接不定式作定语。
He was the first one to come.
8.6作状语
表目的：
表结果：常考—only to do出乎意料的结果in order to, so as to. We took an umbrella so as to not to get wet.
表原因：常考—I was so happy to see her yesterday. 形容词作表语时，后接不定式。（be adj +to do）
或者直接当成固定句式来记忆—主语+be+adj+to do.例句—The task is easy to finish.（注
意to do用主动）
Blame (主动表被动 be to blame)
9. doing （动名词、现在分词）
9.1作主语
常见句型—It be no use/no good/worth+doing
注意： doing可以做主语，但是having done和having been done不可以。
练习题（8） --What made Bill so angry?
--______. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she has not come yet.
A.Having kept waiting
B.Being kept waiting
C.To be keeping wait
D.Being kept waited
9.2作宾语
后边再接动词，只能接doing形式的词或词组：
consider, admit, put off, avoid, tolerate, miss, keep, practice, forbid, advise, imagine, mind, can’t help, feel like, spend time(in), give up， have fun,
look forward to， make contributions to, devote oneself to, be devoted to; be absorbed in; lead to; pay attention to; refer to; stick to………
9.3作表语
(了解即可)His job is painting walls. （与to do作表语的区别：就是to do 的动作为一
次性的，动名词为经常性的）
9.4作状语
常考—Considering your health, you’d better have a rest. 类似的还有 Generally speaking, Judging from……
10. done (过去分词)
常考—表被动表完成。
e.g They cut the money used in experiments.
常考的词组：be located in; be devoted to; be known as;be connected with; be absorbed in……
11.易混点&特例：
1.有些表示感觉的动词，现在分词表示”令人…”,修饰物，过去分词形式的修饰人。
The trip is really exciting. She is very excited.
2.有些词组既可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式。
forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
remember to do 记得去做 remember doing记得做过
regret to do 遗憾去做 regret doing后悔做过
stop to do停下来手里的事，去做另一件事 stop doing停止做某事
try to do 尽力做某事 try doing尝试做某事
mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing意味着
can’t help (to) do不能帮助做can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。
Please remember this letter for me.请记住帮我寄信。( to send）
I remember the letter for you.我记得帮你寄了那封信。（sending）
3.感官动词、使役动词分析
有些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，但是不定式要省略；
表宾语主动做了某事时：一感（feel）,二听（hear, listen）, 三让（let, make, have）,
四看（look at,see, watch,notice）
练习题（9）He lost his key. It made him____in the cold to wait for his wife’s return. A. to stay B.stayed C. stays D.stay
但是变为被动语态必须加上to.
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
使役动词get后接符合宾语其他形式：
get+…+to do使……做 get+……+doing 使…开始做 get+…+done 使被……
练习题（10）She often makes a schedule to get herself______of what she is to do in the day.
A.remind
B.reminded
C.reminding
D. to remind
--感官动词后接宾补其他形式：
see +…+doing sth表示看见宾语正在做；
see+…+do sth 表示看见宾语主动做完了，看见了全程；
see+…+being done 表示看见宾语正在被……；
see +……+ done看见被做，做完了。
hear,listen, look at, watch, notice等与上述see的用法一样，看宾语的时态语态，根据意思推断使用何种形式的非谓语。记住主动做了to省略，被动还原to.
I heard her ________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
注意：其他省略to的不定式：
cannot but; cannot choose but; can not help but翻译为“不得不”，后接省略to的不定式
在连词but之前如果有动词do,其后的不定式不用to,即do nothing but+动词原形
He does nothing but complain.如果but前面的动词不是do,那么一般要带to.
4. find 后的情况： sb doing sth发现某人正在做；sth/sb done sth表完成状态。
5.catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在…… pretend to be doing 假装正在做某事
6.固定句式：be said to do—He is said to have gone abroad(联想主语从句—It is said that he has gone abroad).
be considered to do, be supposed to do……
7.When it comes to sth/doing sth英语作文万能句子—当说起…时，要论…..
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
8.短语积累
be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done=be worth doing=be worthwhile to do/doing
(物做主语)require/deserve/need to be done=need doing
参考答案：
练习题（1）-（6）：ADDAD B
练习题（7）:Located
练习题（8）、(9):BD
课后练习题：
1 ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A．To throw B．Thrown C．Being thrown D．Throwing
2. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A．being given B．having given
C．to be given D．having been given
3. ____ the right decision _____ the future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our lives．
A．Making; concerned B．Make; concerning
C．To make; concerned D．Making; concerning
4. The Diaoyu islands have been part of China’s territory since ancient times, ______ as important fishing grounds of Taiwan.
A．served B．to serve C．serving D．having served
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice _____ him.
A. calling
B. called
C. being called
D. to call
6. The house price keep rising，________ many people to give up the intention of buying houses
A.forcing
B. to force
C. forced
D. having forced
7. It rained heavily in the south ,_____serious flooding in several provinces.
A.caused
B.having caused
C.causing
D.to cause
8. _________ the temperature might drop,coal was prepared for warming.
A．To consider B．Considered C．Considering D．To be considered
9. The witnesses ______ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
10. Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A．to be accompanied B．to accompany
C．accompanying D．Accompanied
11. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues________ with her stories.
A. amused
B. amusing
C. to amuse
D. to be amused
12. _________by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their mind.
A.Being encouraged
B.Encouraging
C.Encouraged
D.Having encouraged
13. This winter, one of the largest ______ snowstorms hit many areas.
A. recording
B. recorded
C. being recorded
D. to record
14. Whenever I’m seated alone in the living room.I find myself _________ to the picture on the wall.
A attracting
B attracted
C attracted
D being attracted
15. The police warned that anyone ______guilty of taking drugs in that country would be put in prison.
A. to find
B. found
C. finding
D. having found
16. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written
17. With a lot of problems______here, the newly-elected director will have a hard time.
A.to solve
B.solve
C.solved
D.solving
18. With five minutes ______before the last train left, we arrived at the station.
A.go
B.to go
C.going
D.gone
19. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ______.
A．not to do B．not do C．not to D．do not
20.–Did the book give the information you needed?
–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A．to find B．find C．to finding D．Finding
21. ____to a university in the UK , international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.
A.Having been admitted
B.To be admitted
C.Being admitted
D.Admitted
22. This is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．reduce
23.—The last one __________________ pays the meal. —Agreed!
A. arrived
B. arrives
C. to arrive
D. arriving
24.______(locate) in the center of the town , the shopping mall is crowded with customers every day.
A.Located
B.Locating
C.Being located
D. Having located
25． The old black woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, her grandchildren ________ around and ________ attentively.
A seating ; listening
B seated; listened
C seating; listened
D seated; listening
1.
【答案】D
【解析】整个句子的主语只有一个就是the fans,那么前面的分句扔这个动作显然是由 the fans 发出的,所以是用现在分词,表示主动。
2.
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。being given指正在进行的演讲；to be given将要发表的演讲。having been given 则强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词follow的动作之前。句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。故D正确。
3.
【答案】D
【解析】第一空为动名词非谓语做主语，关键在于动词concern和它的逻辑主语之间的关系。原句的构成：考虑到未来的正确决定，主动，所以答案为D。
4.
【答案】C
【解析】钓鱼岛自古以来就是中国领土的一部分,是台湾重要的渔区（即捕鱼的地方）。
钓鱼岛与serve as是主动关系。
5.
【答案】A
【解析】V-ing作宾语补足语的用法。解析：V-ing常接在感官动词如hear, see, catch, find, smell, feel和某些表“致使”意义的动词keep, have, leave等后作宾语补足语。由题干中的hear可知，空格内应填calling。
6.
【答案】A
【解析】doing表示结果状语。持续增长的房价挨，使得放弃买房子的打算。
7.
【答案】C
【解析】南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily 的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。选C。
8.
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意，该空须填一个连词。considering为连词，“就……而论；照……来看”。故选C。
9.
【答案】A
【解析】questioned 过去分词表示被动态，被警方质询的目击者。注意witness 是名词，目击者，目睹者。
10.
【答案】D
【解析】当状语从句的主谓和从句的主谓一致，且谓语是be动词时，状语从句主谓可省略。所以When they are accompanied by……变为，when accompanied by……
11.
【答案】A
【解析】这里考查非谓语动词做宾补。其中amuse与宾语colleagues之间是动宾关系，也就是英语上所说的被动，选择过去分词amused 表示被动。且done修饰人。
12.
【答案】C
【解析】这个属于分词作状语,看它和句子主语的关系,主动用v-ing,被动用v-ed,many farmers应该是被鼓励的。
13.
【答案】B
【解析】本句中的主语应该是one snowstorm，它与record之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语，故选B．
14.
【答案】C
【解析】.每当我独自坐在客厅时,我发现自己总会被挂在墙上的她
的照片吸引著。(由於"我"是'被吸引',因此不用attracting(吸引他人),而用
attracted.而因为照片是'被人挂在墙上',因为用被动式。
15.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：警察警告说在那个国家任何被发现吸毒的人都会被关进监狱。此处是非谓语短语做后置定语，find和被修饰词anyone之间是被动关系，用过去分词，选B。
16.
【答案】C
【解析】这本书写得既清楚又完整，该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。clearly and thoroughly 是副词，writing是动词的-ing形式，表示与主语book是主动关系；to write是动词不定式，表将来和目的；written是动词的过去分词形式，表示与主语book 是被动的关系。根据语境可知，选C。
17.
【答案】A
【解析】（to + 动词）有这样的一个作用，表示未完成的事物，待完成的事物，比如：I have
a lot of work to do. 另外，一般不定式做后置定语的时候不用它们的被动式。
18.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。With five minutes to go before the last train left,是介词短语作状语，意思是“在最后一班火车出发前五分钟”,with five minutes to go是还剩下五分钟。
19.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词不定式符号to的保留、不定式符号to后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意：那个司机想把他的小汽车停在路边，但是警察让他不要把车停在路边。通过分析题干，再结合句意可知，动词不定式符号to后面省略了“park his car near the roadside”，全句补充完整是“The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.”。在此种用法中可以只在句中保留
不定式符号to，从而把与前面重复的内容省略；动词不定式的否定形式是直接在不定式符号to的前面加上否定副词not/never，故答案选A项。
20.
【答案】A
【解析】表示目的要用动词不定式。
21.
【答案】B
【解析】不定式表示目的,同时它也表示这个动作还没有发生,有将来时的味道.
“为了能进入美国的一个大学读书国际上的学生必须展现出自己在英语口语和写作上的超强能力”。
22.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这是我们能想到的唯一降低学生浴室用水过多的方法。the only way to do sth.做.的唯一方法，这里we can imagine 应该是定语从句。
23.
【答案】C
【解析】最后一个到的人为这顿饭付账/买单.--同意。此题考查动词不定式非谓语做后置定语。
24.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。 be located in ...
15.
【答案】A
【解析】be seated ”是固定的形式,意思是坐下,位于,就坐,等等.在口语中“be seated!”就是非常有礼貌的“请坐”的表达方式.比“sit down”更有礼貌。而第二个空格,孩子们与听listening是主动的关系。
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2012届高考英语总复习练习题112012届高考英语总复习练习 题 11 Ⅰ.单项填空 1．(2011·厦门质量检测)TheUNofficialssayitcouldbemanyweeksandevenmonths________adealisreached. A．before B．after C．when D．as 2．I’msurethebeautyof________naturetherewill make________excellentimpressio nonyou. A．the；the B．the；an C．/；an D．/；/ 3．________tocomputergames，theboyhaslostallinterestinhislessons. A．Addicted B．Havingaddicted C．Addicting D．Addict 4．(2011·株州模拟)I’dappreciate________ifyoucouldcomeandhelpmeoncemoreandIalwa ysappreciate___ _____mewithmyEnglishinthepast. A．this；youtohelp B．that；youhelping C．it；youtohelp D．it；yourhelping 5．(2011·安庆高三调研)Thegirls________intothecompanyrecentlyhavetoreceivestricttrainingbeforetheys tarttowork. A．accepted B．accepting C．admitted D．admitting 6．(山东高考)Woulditbe________foryoutopickmeupatfouro’clockandtakemetotheairport? A．free B．vacant C．handy D．convenient 7．(浙江高考)Thereareplentyofjobs________inthewesternpartofthecountry. A．present B．available C．precious D．convenient 8．Itwasbymakinggreatefforts________shecaughtupwithotherstudents. A．how B．when C．what D．that 9．________herselfwithroutineofficetasks，shehadnotimetoattendtoherchildren. A．Occupying B．Occupied C．Beingoccupied D．Tobeoccupied 10．Shereadplentyofbooksonhistorybeforegoingtouniversityandofcourseshe_____ ___alotfromit. A．received B．profited C．derived D．benefited 11．—Look，Peter’sclothesarethelatestfashion. —________？Fineclothingdoesn’tmakehimrespectable. A．Forwhat B．Howcome C．Why D．Sowhat 12．Hetolduswhether________Frenchhelptosolvetheseproblemswasstillunderdiscu
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
英语非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ★1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) 注意：不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ①常用不定式做主语的句型有： 常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. (常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.) It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth. (常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.) ②常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.★2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
高考英语总复习-首字母填空攻略 首字母填空，学名“ 限制性完形填空” ，艺名“ 高分拦路虎” ，是比我们传统的选择性完形填空更加高大上的存在，也是历来考试的失分点，可谓是引无数小英雄竞折腰。该题型的考查范围极广，不仅包括对词汇和语法的掌握，还考查我们的阅读分析能力、逻辑推理能力，以及情景语感，可谓是即锻炼智商又锻炼情商的好题型啊…… 作为在江湖中威名远播的BOSS 级题型，想要从这一题里拿到高分并不是太容易，相反失分率倒是挺高。据多方消息来报，首填已成为学生们共同的敌人。兵法有云知己知彼，要想拿下这个敌人，我们就先要对它有足够的了解。 那么就从大家最关心的方面为什么会失分作为导引，来一探首填题型的全貌吧！ 首字母填空题失分的主要原因： 一. 词汇量出了问题 二. 词义理解出了问题 三. 词性判断出了问题 四. 词形变化出了问题 五. 没有仔细检查 下面我们就结合中考英语真题来逐一分析上述问题： 一. 词汇量 词汇功在平时，它所依靠的不是突击，而是日常的持续积累。词汇量是内功，非一朝一夕可成，但朝朝夕夕必成。 二. 词义理解 词义判断是要建立在对文章意思的理解基础之上，在语境之下做出正确的判断。应对的方法是：文章通读，首句细读，生词暂不纠结，把握文章大意。它的关键在于五字真言“ 上下文照应”。 词义判断的类型有： ①语言知识型：考查结合语境，单词的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配、特定 意义，句型、句式等。 例：2009中考 The touchstone was a small pebble(卵石) that could t__74__ any common metal into pure gold. 2011年中考 Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something b__77__their understanding.
Unit 1 Art 1．abstract(adj.) 抽象的；深奥的 (n.) 摘要 2．aim(n.) 目标；目的 (vi.& vt.) 瞄准；(向某方向)努力 3．adopt(vt.) 采用；采纳；收养 4．attempt(n.) 努力；尝试；企图 (vt.) 尝试；企图 5．specific(adj.) 确切的；特定的 6．exhibition(n.) 展览；陈列；展览会 7．appeal(vi.) 有感染力；呼吁；求助 (vt.) 将……上诉 (n.) 呼吁；恳求 8．reputation(n.) 名声；名誉 9．faith(n.)信任；信心；信念→faithful(adj.)忠实的，守信的→faithfully(adv.)忠实地 10．typical(adj.)典型的；有代表性的→type(n.)类型；典型 11．possess(vt.)拥有；具有；支配→possession(n.)(尤作复数)所有；财产 12．coincidence(n.)巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident(adj.)同时发生的；同一时间发生的 13．predict(vt.)预言；预告；预测→prediction(n.)预言→predictor(n.)预言者14．preference(n.)喜爱；偏爱→prefer(v.)喜爱；偏爱 15．civilization(n.)文明；文化；文明社会→civilize(v.)使文明；使开化 16．visual(adj.)视觉的；看得见的→vision(n.)视力；视野 1．concentrate...on 集中……于 2．a_great_deal 大量 3．on_the_other_hand 另一方面 4．in_the_flesh 活着的；本人
高考英语复习训练题 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·日照检测)Along with the standard pigments(颜料) and paintbrushes，artist Sean Yoro(known as Hula)，requires an unconventional piece of equipment for his particular brand of mural(壁画) making：a paddleboard. The Hawaiian muralist，balanced on the top of the floating platform，describes women from various sites across the world，whose homelands are often threatened by the effects of global warming. For his most recent project，titled“What If You Fly”，Hula traveled to Baffin Island，off the coast of Nunavut，Canada，to paint a portrait of local Inuit woman Jesse Mike，who lives there with her daughter. In a short film telling of the artist's process，Mike explains her frustrating previous experiences working with filmmakers who reported on the terrible circumstances troubling her endangered landscape.“For most people，it's about the polar bears，it's not about the people，”she said.“Well，let's make it about the people.” Hula and his team spent 14 hours searching for the perfect iceberg canvas(油画布)，knowing all the while that the ice itself，and any image created on the top of it，would soon melt away into nothing. “It's a little ambitious t o do this larger-than-life ice mural in the Arctic，and somehow，at the same time，make a connection to the human culture，”climber and filmmaker Renan Ozturk said of the project. When Hula found his proper ice，he painted a portrait of Jesse he took earlier on his camera.Working against the power of time and Mother Nature，the artist aimed to finish as much of Jesse's portrait as he could before the iceberg disappeared. The massive image，Hula's most remote and technically challenging piece yet，communicates a memorable reality—the consequences of climate change，first and foremost，affect people. 【语篇解读】本文主要叙述了壁画大师Hula去往Baffin Island，通过在冰上画一位因纽特女性的肖像来提醒人们气候变化的后果正在影响人类这一现实。 1．What is“What If You Fly”？ A．A film about the muralist.
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：
2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)D A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 4）作宾语补足语 It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. 这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。 We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。 I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。 注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。” 能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。 【透视高考题】 1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) B A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making 2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) A A .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown 3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) A A. to do B. to be doing C done D doing 5）作定语 Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？ 注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。例如：Give me a pen to write with. 给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词＋which＋不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house. 这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱，用来买房子。 不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live in . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
非谓语动词使用精华讲义 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。 the violi n over there will go on the stage next week. 考点二、不定式和动名词作主语，宾语和表语的比较 1表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的 动作用动名词。2、动名词的复合结构：在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。 3、不定式及 动名词短语作主语时可转换成 it 作形式主语.常用句型It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。 5、表心理状态的ving 分词作表语时，表示 令人……的； 女口： exciting;过去分词作表语时表示主观 感到 ..... ”如：excited 等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain 等系动词后都可跟 done ,表示被动或主语的状态。 女0 remain seated 等。 【即境活用】 (1) __________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disaPPear) made them worried. (2) It 'm porta nt _______________ . (对于我们来说学英语很重要) ⑶It 'kind _____________________ .(帮助我你真是太好了) (4) ______ (ex po se)to sun light for too much time will do harm to one ’ s skin. (5) rve worked with childre n before, so I know what ____ (ex pect)i n my new job. (6) Travelli ng is ___________________ . (累但有趣) (7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ____ they will enjoy it. 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较 )作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生 )介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语，如： admit, dislike, app reciate, avoid, enjoy )动词 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作宾语，又跟 to do 作宾语。 )need, require, want, deserve + doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于 to be done )有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，常用的有： 【即境活用】The childre n (p lay) (see) whether
高考核心单词----动词精讲（高考动力站）1. abandon vt. = give up = throw 1.离开，遗弃 2.放弃，停止做（某事） 3.放纵，放任 派生abandoned a. -ed结尾：动词/形容词 I abandon myself in wasting time. 我让我自己放纵于浪费时间。 2. abolish vt. 废除，废止（+ certain system某些系统/ certain practice某些行动） PK cancel vt. 取消 abuse 滥用 abnormal 不正常的 ab-开头表示否定 3. absorb vt. “吮” 1.吸收（某事物），吸进 2.将（某物）合并，并吞 3.完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣 派生be absorbed in sth. 沉浸于sth. I am absorbed in the party, so I forget anything. 4. ac commod ate vt. 来自com mod ity n. 日用品 -ity -ment -hood -ness –on名词 mode模式model模型module模块 -mod-样子 = put up sb. 1.供给某人住宿或房间 2.适应，迁就，迎合 派生accommodation n. 旅馆 5. ac company vt. company n. 公司；朋友=friend I accompany him. = I keep company with him 我伴随着他。 1.伴随或跟随（某人），陪伴 2.与某事物同时存在或发生 派生accompany A by/ with B 用B来伴随A I accompany him with swim.（错） I accompany him with swimming. 我让他天天游泳。 3.给某人伴奏 派生accompany sb. at / on sth. 在sth.给sb.伴奏 I accompany him at the party. 6. accuse vt. 指责某人有错；犯罪或犯法；指控；控告；谴责 派生accuse sb. of sth. 因为sth.谴责sb. 7. accustom vt. 使……习惯于custom n. 习俗 派生accustom A to B 使A习惯B I accustom myself to wearing glasses . 我已经习惯戴眼镜了。 = I am accustomed to wearing glasses. 派生accustomed a. 习惯的 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做sth. be devoted to doing sth. 投身于sth. 8. achieve vt. 1.完成，达成 2.凭努力获得或达到 achieve + fame 名声 +goal 目标 +knowledge 知识 +success 成功 PK acquire 实现（被动） Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症 finish 结束（不是实现） conclude 下结论（只能加句子） 9. acknowledge vt. 1.承认= admit = confess acknowledge A as B 承认A就是B 2.公认为，认为 3.感谢 10. accept vt. = take 1.主动接受 PK receive 被动接收（receipt收据）2.承认，认可 11. adapt vt. 来自apt adj. 有……倾向性的 1.使适应 adapt A to B 使A适应B 2.改编 12. adjust vt. 来自just adj. 正义的 1.调节，使适应 2.调整，校准 3.整理，核算 派生adjust A to B 13. admire vt. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 I admire you. 我羡慕你。
(附参考答案) 单词识记： adventure ancient awkward caution civilized concern custom particular remind remove silent tradition typical fascinate cooperation anniversary restrict religion casual expand 短语扫描： add to增添 as a whole总体来说 be of great value很有价值 come into being形成；产生；出现 end up with 以……告终 in memory of为了纪念 pass down from generation to generation一代一代传下来 date back to/date from 追溯到 follow a custom 遵循习俗 crowd into涌入 [跟踪训练] 在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式 1．Keep your office space looking good，(particular) your desk. 2．(typical)，she couldn’t find her keys. 3．We were very (concern) to keep the staff informed about what we were doing. 4．Madagascar is the most (fascinate) place I have ever been to. 5．As soon as he got home，he (remove) the mud from his shoes. 6．The population a whole is in favour of the reform. 7．Many kinds of flavor substances come being in milk when heated，which changed the flavor of milk. 8．Altogether,90 percent of all college graduates end up a decent job in Japan，he added.
高考英语非谓语动词 定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等 一、非谓语动词基本形式 1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do 2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing 现在分词：doing not doing 1. 分词 过去分词：done not done 二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化 1.
* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的句法功能 （1）二者作主语的差别： 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。EG. Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体的动作） （2）下列句型常用动名词作主语 no use/good not any use/good It is/was + of little use/good + doing sth worth EG. It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 （3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语 It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ?+ for sb. to do sth. ④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ?+ of sb. to do sth.
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义 学员编号：年级：高三课时数：3 学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：余英 授课类型C专题—翻译常用句型C专题—成语翻译T能力—综合翻译训练授课日期及时段 教学内容 一.专题知识梳理 知识点1：翻译常用句型 1. As is known ( to us all ), … = It is known (to us all) that … 2. It seems that sb./sth.… =sb./sth. seems to… It appears (to sb) that …=sb./sth. appears to… 3. It (so)happened that sb./sth.…=sb./sth. happened to… 4. There is/are…. There seems to be… There happened to be… There must have been… T here is going to/will be… 5. Sth occurred to sb It (suddenly) occurred to sb that … It never occurred to sb that… = It didn’t occur to sb that… 6. It is said / reported that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is said / reported to do… It is believed that sb./sth.… = sb / sth is believed to do…… 7. It is no good / use doing … 1 / 15
第一步默写达标 分层单词 ?写作词汇 1.experience vt. & n.经历,体验 2.earn vt.获得;赚,挣得 3.select vt.选择,挑选 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b3089113.html,rm vt.通知,告知 5.donate vt.捐赠 6.exchange n. & vt.交换;交流 7.struggle n.难事;斗争;努力vi.奋斗,努力;挣扎 8.devote vt.致力于;献身 9.host n.主持人;主人,东道主 10.average adj.一般的,普通的;平均的 ?阅读词汇 1.academic adj. 学业的,学术的 2.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 3.splendid adj. 极佳的,非常好的 4.generation n. 一代,一代人 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b3089113.html,position n. 作品;成分 6.creativity n. 创造性 7.instruction n. 指导,教导 8.assignment n. 作业 9.enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的;令人愉快的 10.somehow adv. 不知为什么,不知怎么地
?拓展词汇 1.experience n.& vt.经历,体验→experienced adj.有经验的→inexperienced adj.(反义词)没有经验的 2.satisfaction n.满意→satisfy vt.使满意;满足→satisfying adj.令人满意的,令人满足的→satisfied adj.感到满意的,感到满足的 3.graduate vi.毕业n.毕业生→graduation n.毕业 4.donate vt.捐赠→donation n.捐赠(物) 5.independent adj.独立的→independence n.独立→dependent adj.依靠的,依赖的→depend vi.依赖,依靠,取决于 6.approve vt. & vi.批准,通过;赞成→approval n.赞成,同意;批准,认可→disapprove v.(反义词)不同意 7.preparation n.准备,筹备→prepare vt.& vi.准备→prepared adj.准备好的 8.devote vt.致力于,献身→devoted adj.忠实的,挚爱的→devotion n.奉献,忠诚,挚爱 9.select vt.选择,挑选→selection n.可选之物,所选之物;选择,挑选 10.respect n. & vt.尊敬,敬重→respectful adj.尊重人的;表示敬意的→respective adj.各自的,各个的→respectable adj.值得尊敬的,可敬重的 高频短语 1.be fond of喜爱,喜欢 2.for free免费 3.make use of利用 4.look back (on)回忆,回顾 5.more than超过,不仅仅 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b3089113.html,e up with提出,想出 7.in charge of负责,掌管 8.look up to尊敬 9.devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事
单词识记： across base exist through apart aside board brown central circle disappear golden opposite surface upper wooden float locate surround fade 短语扫描： ahead of 在……前面 as far as远至…… at the other end of在……的另一端 face to face 面对面地 get close to靠近；接近 in front of 在……前面；在……面前 out of/beyond sb.’s reach(某人)够不到的地方 be located in 坐落于；位于 on board在(船/火车/飞机等)上；上(船/火车/飞机等) in the distance在远处 [跟踪训练] 在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式 1．The film (base) on a novel by D．H. Lawrence. 2．The Greeks got into the city by hiding in a (wood) horse. 3．The new library was built in the (central) of the campus. 4．Little of the (exist) housing is of good enough quality. 5．When spring comes，the snow and ice (disappear)．6．The election was held six months ahead schedule. 7．We should seize every opportunity to get close the masses. 8．We went board Athens yesterday morning. 9．The teacher stands in front the students. 10．She catches a glimpse of a car the distance.
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.