一. 基本概念：
顾名思义，不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词，有to do(动词不定式) / -ing (现在分词 / 动名词) / -ed (过去分词) 三个形式。由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制，故也称为"非限定动词".(学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词)
二. 非谓语动词的时态和语态意义：
英语中动词有两大基本特征：时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词也是动词，当然也具备动词的这两大特征。
1. 时态概念：非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念，他与谓语动词时态的区别是：谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念，如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语".而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来"，即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时"，与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间(段)的称为"现在时"，而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时".这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。
2. 语态概念：与谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。
将非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念用表格归纳如下：
也就是要记住四句话：
(1) 表示将来时;
(2) 表示现在时;
(3) 表示过去时(一定是被动的)
(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时
非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态：
Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。将来 / 主动)
The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。将来 / 被动)
He is said to have studied hard and passed the examination. (据说他学习一直很用功并通过了考试。过去 / 主动)
Five persons are reported to have been killed in the big fire. (据报道，有5人已在这场大火中丧生。过去 / 被动)
Do you know the man sitting and reading a book there? (你认识坐在那里看书的那个人吗?现在 / 主动)
Who is the patient being operated on? (正在接受手术的那个病人是谁啊?现在 / 被动)
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. (当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。过去 / 被动)
有了上述基本概念，就可以进一步讨论下面的问题了：
三. 非谓语动词的句法功能：
一个典型的句子共有以下五个基本成分：
主语谓语宾语定语状语
这里要讨论的是当英语中的一个动词处在主语、宾语、定语和状语位置时怎么处理，即非谓语成分时怎么处理。
1.主语：
首先，"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名词性，"-ed "不具备名词性。也就是说，"to do" 和 "-ing"可以做主语，例如：
To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy thing to learn English.)
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.
问题是这两种表达方式有没有区别。语法上没有对或错的区别，因此不是语法考试的重点
一般讲，"to do"较具体的行为或状态，"-ing"表示较笼统的概念，如"学习外语对我来说并非易事"一般用"to do"来表达：To learn a foreign language. is not an easy thing for me. (或：It is not an easy thing for me to learn a foreign language.)
从应试角度讲，只要记住下面两个特殊句型就可以了：
It is no use (或good) + ing结构，例如：
It is no use quarreling with her. (和她争吵没有用。考试时不要选to quarrel with her)
There is no + ing 结构，例如：
There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in the world today.(不可否认，在当今世界上，妇女正发挥越来越重要的作用。)
There is no joking about this matter. (这事开不得玩笑。)
2.宾语
如上所述，非谓语动词"to do"或"-ing"当主语时，没有特别的语法要求。但是，当宾语时，就有一个用"to do"还是"-ing"的问题。大家还记得这个规定吗?如果忘了，请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第三句型".这是考试的一个重点。在以往的职称考试中，此项一般要占2-3道题目。
关于非谓语动词做宾语补足语的问题，请复习"第二讲"中"五个基本句型"的"第五句型".
3.定语
也就是做名词的修饰语。只要牢记本讲"非谓语动词的时态和语态意义"一节中的内容，就不难理解非谓语动词做定语的问题。非谓语动词做定语，本质上是"定语从句"，例如：
Where is the house built last year?
= Where is the house that(或which)was built last year (去年建造的那栋房子哪儿去了?)
Do you see the house being built there ?
= Do you see the house that (或which) is being built there?(看见那边那栋正在建造的房子了吗?)
The house to be built next month will be our dorm.
= The house that (或which) will be built (或that is to be built) next month will be our dorm.(下月要建造的那栋房子将是我们的宿舍。)
也就是说，只要把握好"时间状语"和"语态(先行词与动词的关系)"，非谓语动词做定语的考试选项比较容易，出题几率也比较低。
有人可能会问：
I have a letter to write 和I have a letter to be written两个句子中的黑体部分都是做"letter"的定语，为什么一个用主动，另一个用被动语态。一般来说，当动词(write)的行为者就是句子的主语(I)时，用主动语态。因此，这两个句子的内涵是有些区别的。但由于考试形式的局限性，一般不会考这种区别的。
4.状语
非谓语动词做状语是这一讲的重点，也是考试的重点。大家还记得"句子的连接"一讲中说过的"逗号不能连接两个句子"这句话和所举的例子吗?
错：He is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(逗号不能连接两个句子)
对：Because he is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(使用连接词)
对：Being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(使用非谓语动词形式)
如果：His child is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening. 该怎么改呢?
道理是一样的：
His child being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.
也就是说，非谓语动词也要有"行为的主体"，称为"主格";如果"非谓语动词的行为的主体"与句子的主语不一致，要保留其行为主体(如上句中的"his child")，这种结构称为"(分词)独立主格结构".
那么，什么情况用"to do" 、"-ing" 或 "-ed "呢?注意以下两点：
(1) 要符合下表的基本要求。
(2) 要注意以下基本用法和思路
前置(即放在句子的前面)：
显然，"to do"做状语形式和意义比较单一，难点是如何区分-ing 和-ed 形式。
下面每个例子说明一条规则，注意理解和记忆(重点不要去区分作什么状语，也不要刻意去翻译句子的意思，重点注意形式的转换和规律)：
1) When she heard the noise, she went out to see what was happening.
Hearing the noise, she went out to see what was happening.
规则：当句子的主语(she)与 (非谓语)动词构成主动语态时，只要将实义动词(heard)恢复原形 (hear)，后面加ing即可
2) When (或 If) the substance is heated to over 200℃, it will give off a poisonous gas.
Heated to 200 over 200℃, it (= the substance) will give off a poisonous gas.
规则：当句子的主语(it = the substance)与 (非谓语) 动词构成被动语态时，去掉be动词，只保留动词的-ed形式(heated)即可
3) As he did not want to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment.
Not wanting to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment
规则：非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前面(不是后面)加not构成;其他变化按照例1)或例2)规定
4) As she has lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.
Having lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.
As they had not finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.
Not having finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.
规则：当句子中出现1)"for + 时间"状语，或2)当一个行为必须在另一个行为结束后才能开始的情况下，应该用"完成式"，否定词 "not" 要放在"having"的前面，即"Not having…"
提示：当你在考试时分不清是否要用"完成式"时，应倾向于选择有"完成式"的选项。
5) If weather permits, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
Weather permitting, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
When all necessary data had been collected, they began the experiment.
All necessary data having been collected, they began the experiment.
(注：这个句子也可以写成：All necessary data collected, they began the experiment.考试时按例4)提示选题)
规则：当句子的主语与非谓语动词的主格不一致时，应使用"独立主格形式"，其他变化按上述各项规定处理
后置(即放在句子的后面)：
需要说明的是：
1. 所谓"前置"和"后置"是相对的，这里这样区分一是为了便于理解，二是根据职称考试中出题的习惯，便于判题;
2. 关于功能，这里只是讲了考试中较多出现的形式和结构，对于诸如如何区分"目的"和"结果"等内容，因与解题关系不大，这里就不作具体说明了。
下面把非谓语动词中其他几个重要问题用实例说明一下：
关于"不定式"作后置状语的举例(注意黑体字部分的表达形式)：
1) She was so angry as to be unable to speak. (她气得连话都说不出来了。)
2) I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.(我与她不太熟悉，不便请她帮忙。)
3) She was too angry to say anything.(她气得什么都说不出来了。)
4) I'm only too glad to help you.
注意与例3)的区别：only too与happy, pleased, glad 等词使用时，表示"非常"：我非常愿意帮助你(能帮助你真是太高兴了)。
5) We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. (only to…表示意想不到的结果：我们在雨中等了近3个小时，结果被告知约会取消了。)
6) To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.(公平地说，他最近工作一直非常努力。类似的表达方式还有：
to tell the truth(说实话), to be frank(老实说)，to go without saying (不用说/ 毫无疑问) 等。
关于分词做后置状语的举例 (注意括号中句子的演变过程)：
1) She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. (她收到她兄弟发来的一份电子邮件，(邮件上)说她母亲病得很厉害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which(= an E-mail)said that her mother was seriously ill)
2) Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. (有些病人会发生严重感染，导致死亡。(= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.)
3) The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. (客人在经理陪同下走进办公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.)
关于"动词不定式"的补充说明：
1) 前面讲到："动词不定式"的完成式表示过去时，它常在以下句型中出现：
(主语)+ be said / reported / believed / supposed to have (been) done
(主语)+ seem to have (been) done
(主语)+ be likely to have (been) done
当考试时看到这样的句型出现，首先要考虑是否是"动词不定式"的完成式
2) 注意"动词不定式" to与介词to的区别，即：是to + 动词，还是to + 名词或动名词(-ing)。"第二讲五个基本句型"中已经提到：object to / look forward to / be (get) accustomed (used) to / be subjected to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / agree to等中的to是介词。
当考试时看到这样的表达方式出现，首先要考虑选择-ing形式(一般不会给纯名词形式)
关于on + ing 形式和with (without) + 分词独立主格结构
1)on + ing 形式：一般将介词on + -ing形式理解为"分词"(要有行为主体)而不是"动名词"，意为 "当…时"，"一…就…"，相当于when 或as soon as，例如：
On hearing the news, she burst into tears. (一听到这个消息，她一下子哭了起来。)
错：On arriving in Beijing, it began to rain heavily. (一到北京，就开始下起大雨来了。)
由于句子的主语it并不是arriving的行为主体，该句语法不成立。可以改为：
No sooner had we arrived in Beijing than it began to rain heavily.
2) with (without) + 分词独立主格结构
She fell asleep with the lamp burning. (她开着灯谁着了。)
Almost every day the kids returned home with their hands and faces covered with mud and sweat.(孩子们几乎每天回家时手上脸上都是泥和汗。)
当这样的独立主格结构中的动词为 "be" 动词时，往往省略，例如：
Every day the old teacher entered the classroom, with a poor bag under his arm. (每天，这位老教师夹着个破包走进教室。= with a poor bag being under his arm)
关于-ing和-ed形容词
当一个动词后面加上-ing或-ed就可以是一个形容词，其基本概念还是-ing为主动语态，-ed为被动语态，例如：a sleeping child (一个正在睡觉的孩子)，a wounded soldier (一个受伤的战士) .
一些带有感情色彩的动词，由于人的感情是"被刺激"后产生的，故一般用-ed形式，而外界的刺激物则用-ing形式，例如：I was moved deeply; the film was really moving. (我深受感动;这部电影真是感人。)
the + 形容词(包括-ed形容词)→名词(可以是单数，也可以是复数), 例如：
the wounded (伤员)/ the disabled(残疾人)
关于现在分词和动名词
如前所述，现代语法并不强调现在分词和动名词的区别，建议学生"忘掉"动名词，特别是应试。但记住下面的规定：
She regrets ______ idle when (she was) young. (她后悔年轻时无所事事。)
A. to have been
B. her being
C. her having being
D. having been
解题思路：1)regret后一般接ing形式，除非regret to tell / say, 故A不能选;2)当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致时，不要再加逻辑主语了，故正确答案为D，比较：Tom insisted on my going with him. (Tom坚持要我和他一起去。)
非谓语动词讲了这么多内容，解题时始终不忘：
1) 分清过去、现在和将来;
2) 分清主动与被动;
3) 动词不定式的完成式表示过去时;
4) 见"for"要用完成式;
5) 否定式not要放在to / -ing / -ed的前面
只要记住以上要点，非谓语动词的解题就不会出大的问题。
人人都能用英语读书笔记 关键在于“用”，以“熟悉”代替“钻研”。开场白 1、大脑是可塑的，成年人是可以学习第二语言的理论基础。 Taub 教授CI 疗法的成功首先证明区域论是错误的（至少不是完全正确的）——大脑可以重新组织自己；其次证明大脑自始至终都是可塑的，甚至可以重组——即，用一个新的脑图完成原本由受损的脑图完成的功能；最后证明的也是最重要的：脑图之间存在着相互竞争——所以，为了治好受损的右臂，要先把未受损的左臂给限制住。如果不把未受损的左臂给限制住的话，那么左臂的脑图将永远处于优势，进而，使得大脑对已经受损的右臂产生“习得之弃用”（Learned Nonuse） 这最后一条可以用来清楚地解释原本用“关键期论”错误地解释的现象：为什么成年后学习第二语言显得更为困难？ 成年之后，第二语言学习显得更为困难的原因并不在于关键期论所说的“此后大脑不再可塑”，而实际上在于这是第二语言所使用的脑图要与已经形成强大势力的母语脑图竞争——当然越来越难。然而，恰恰是这样的认识给了人们希望。目前，有很多教育学家开始提倡“浸泡式学习”，有一定的依据，也有相当的效果。所谓“浸泡式学习”，就是在特定的时间、特 定的环境里，强迫学生只使用第二语言，禁止使用母语，进而刺激大脑加速构建新的脑图。风靡全球的罗赛塔石碑语言学习软体（Rosetta Stone9）就是基于这个原理开发出来的。 对于第二语言习得者来说，最直观、最有意义的好消息是：1) 什么时候开始学都不晚；2) 只要方法得当，并加以时日，一定能学好。在学习这件事儿是，相信自己一定能学好，并不一定保证真的能够学好；但是，反过来，如果相信自己不可能学好，那最终真的就不可能学好。所谓“自证预言”（Self-fulfilling prophecy10）就是这样，总是在负面起作用。事实上，“语言习得关键期”之说四十多年来在全球造成了难以估计的恶果，不计其数的人在不经意之间把“假说”当成了“定论”，相信自己不可能学好，进而成为“自证预言”注定的受害者。“我没天分”、“我就学不好”、“英语太难了”之类的话，甚至这类的念头，其实都是强大的诅咒。 2、短期内学好英语对一个正常的人来说是一个可行的目标。 我们衡量一个目标是否现实，有一个特别简单而又朴实的判断标准——“有没有人成功过？”如果答案为真，为了确定那不是小概率事件，还可以进一步问“是不是有很多人成功？”如果这次的答案还为真，那么这就是个现实可行的目标。习得第二语言就是这样一个现实而又可行的目标。 进而，习得第二语言本质上来看，相对于其他任何领域都更多依赖积累，更少依赖天分的学科。对大多数人来说，语言只是工具；学习语言几乎无需创意，因为它只是最终用来表达创意的东西而已。学一门外语理论上来讲应该比学计算机容易多了：计算机技术总是日新月异，每个领域都有更高更陡峭的学习曲线；而学外语则不同，它是越学越简单的东西，语法知识总有一天可以学完，单词总有一天不用再背，而不停地读书，实际上已经不是在学习英语了，而是在享用工具。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
一、选择题 1．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 2．—________is the boy using his mobile phone________? —________for information. A．Why; / ; Search B．Why; for; To search C．What; for; Searching D．What; for; To search 3．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 4．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 5．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 6．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 7．My mom wants________a new Jacket________me. A．to buy;to B．to buy: for C．buy; for 8．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 9．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 10．_____ the environment is important for human beings. A．Take care of B．Taking care of C．Took care of D．Take the care of 11．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 12．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 13．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay
考点15非谓语动词 高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 【命题预测】 预测2018年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中考查的份额很重。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本用法和含义； 2. 掌握非谓语动词的时态和语态； 3. 掌握非谓语动词的句法功能； 4. 掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语意下的运用。 非谓语动词的形式和意义
考向一非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 ?To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。 (2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 ?We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 (3)作原因状语 ①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。?We’re proud to be young people of China. 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。 ②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ?The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 1.(2017·北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
英语语法新思维 初级教程-走进语法 名词短语 名词与它的修饰语一起构成名词短语。 英文中的介词不能单独使用，其后面必须接宾语，所接的宾语也往往是名词短语。 名词短语的构造-“黄金公式”左二右六的定语规律 前置定语。其一是限定词，用来限定名词所指的围。these three a the my that 其二是形容词，是用来表示名词的性质和特征的。 限定词+形容词+中心名词+介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句 名词才有定语。 名词 名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：表示特定的人、物、机构或场所等的名词(首字母必须大写)。 普通名词：1.可数名词：个体名词(表示同类的人或物中的个体student tree hospital house piano) 集体名词(表示若干人或物的总称team committee police group family) 2.不可数名词：物质名词（表示物质和材料的总称paper water cotton air） 抽象名词：（表示动作、性质、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称birth evolution hope sport） 一，专有名词 1.人名及头衔 2.著作名称 3.月份 公历the solar calendar 阴历the lunar calendar 汉语阴历月份要用序数词来表达。 阴历二月：the second month on the lunar calendar或the second lunar month 七夕：the seventh of the seventh lunar month 中秋：the fifteenth of the eighth lunar month 春节：the first of the first lunar month 4.星期，四季winter summer spring autumn 5.节日:Christmas Easter New Year's Day Mother's Day Thanksgiving Day 6.地理名称 国家及的名称 地区，城市的名称 江，河，湖泊的名称 山脉，沙漠的名称 名词的数：可数与不可数 名词的可数性侧重于名词的意义，名词的单复数形式侧重于名词的构成形式。 不可数名词的规律： 1.对于一些无法分割的名词，我们将其看作一个整体，因而作为不可数名词，没有复数变化。主要是一些物质名词。气体液体固体 2.一些因其组成部分太小而不易数的名词。主也是一些物质名词。 3.表示总称的名词通常不可数。这些名词侧重于表示某类事物的总的概念，而不是具体的事物。如果要具体指出该总概念下的具体食物，则要用其他不同的名词。
一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.
一、选择题 1．We should do everything we can________the endangered birds. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected 2．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 3．When he saw the photo, he couldn’t stop ________ her stay in London. A．think of B．to think of C．thought of D．thinking of 4．Let’s go to that shop________some school things. A．buying B．to buy C．bought 5．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 6．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 7．Would you mind _________ in class? A．no talking B．not talking C．no talk D．not talk 8．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 9．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 10．I saw a little boy ________on the road. A．lie B．lying C．lied 11．—What about_____________? —That’s a good idea, A．go shopping B．going shop C．going shopping D．go to shop 12．—It’s too hot. Would you mind my________ the window? — ________, please do it now. A．to open; OK B．opening; Certainly not C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea 13．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 14．(2016·老河口期考)—What did the guard say to you just now? —He warned us_______any farther. There's danger ahead. A．didn't walk B．not to walk C．walk D．to walk 15．Thanks for ________ me with my English.
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
高级阅读教学课程 徐韶华 一、师生各自自我介绍 二、书籍介绍 口语书籍介绍 《美国口语4+1》20元主编：赵东坡 思维和文化的角度介绍美式英语的特点。 口语：accuracy fluency 语法书介绍 张满胜《英语语法新思维》初级、中级、高级世界出版社出版 英语是一种重视逻辑的语言。这本书的例句多来自心灵鸡汤、政治新闻、电影台词、高考题等等。 三、阅读讲解 技巧只能是锦上添花并不是雪中送炭，要教给学生真真实实的能力。 在阅读当中遇到难处的四大拦路虎： A语法：1长难句（三大从句）2省略句、分裂 3强调句4纷繁复杂的倒装5否定、 6比较7非谓语动词结构 B阅读和听力—积累单词 C文化、习惯用语 D母语基本功 1、先告诉学生长难句并不可怕，只是由多个简单句累积而成。再长再短的句子根本是抓住谓语，（五种基本简单句句型）找到主句的谓语动词再找分句的谓语。 所以，第一关告诉学生是找到动词。（这就需要将动词的各种形式讲清楚。） 第二关找连词；第三关 忠告：教师自己做加法，给学生做减法 （二级、三级翻译教程书） 死亡是具有戏剧性的，一生只有一次，然而衰老却是一天一天，一年一年的去面对…… 2、Of 的四种用法（微观语法） 四分之一的用法是：引导同位语 四分之三的用法是：所属关系 第四分之三的用法是：统一归类（人以群分） 另外四分之一的用法是：比喻（有如…..的） （有专门的语法书，每种词性一本书） 英语非常简单，所以她才普及啊！ 3讲阅读文章 一、可先读文章的首段，和每段的首句；让学生了解文章要讲的是什么，这样有利于分 配时间，有的学生可能会对本篇文章说的内容非常了解，他就可以有信心做这篇文章。 二、只读前三道题的题干就可以，但不能全读或只读一道题，因为5道题的顺序不一定 就是按照文章段落的顺序来的，第一题可能是概括题，第二三道是细节题。有引号的句子题干可能是细节题。Litter =offspring 三、盯住题目中的专有词 四、单词的引申含义；litter=offspring be nervous= beworry (euphemism—委婉) 如：raise the roof hit the ceiling
非谓语动词 1（湖南省湘潭市外国语学校2010届高三第二次月考）Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them ____ from colonial days. A. was dated B. is dated C. is dating D. dating 2（浙江省金华一中2010届高三9月月考）Do I have to take all this medicine? It _______ so terrible. A. tastes B. is tasting C. is tasted D. has tasted 3（重庆市合川太和中学2010届高三第二次月考）___________ in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was still young. A. Bringing up B. Being brought up C. Having brought up D. Brought up 4（广西柳州市第一中学2010届高三第一次模拟考试）A good knowledge of English is helpful if you are devoted to _______English literature. A．be studied B．study C．studied D．studying 5（江西省吉安一中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）April 12, 1846, was chosen as the day when all should be ready to start. We left _______with a group of 45 wagons. A. to travel B. travelled C. travelling D. travel 6（江西省师大附中2010届高三10月月考）This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ____. A. leaving untreated B. left untreated C. leaving to be untreated D. left untreating 7（山东省枣庄市第五中学2010届高三9月调研考试）——Would you like to help me clean my house now? ——Sorry, I can’t help _________ your house because I’m busy repairing mw bike? A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 8（河南省睢县高级中学2010届高三第一次月考）The comments the expert made ______ stock-market bothered him greatly, ______ him not fall asleep all night. A. be concerned, which made B. concerned, making C. concerning, making D. to be concerning, made 9（湖南省岳阳市一中2010届高三第二次月考）______as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A. Being published B. Publishing C. Published D. To be published 10（山东省郓城一中2010届高三第一次诊断检测）Even today I still remember the great fun we had _____ games on the beach in those happy days. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 11（四川省绵阳南山中学2010届高三10月月考）The man lay under a tree eating something, and seeing a dog running to him, ______ up in no time. A. to stand B. stood C. standing D. would stand 12（浙江省温州市十校联合体2010届高三上学期期初联考）The tall waterfalls and green mountains are a splendid sight when ______ from the valley bottom. A. viewing B. viewing them C. viewed D. view 13（安徽省安庆市示范高中2010届高三四校联考）I won’t go to his birthday without _______. A. inviting B. being inviting C. invited D. to be invited 14（江西省南昌二中2010届高三上学期第二次月考）Charlie stood on the top of the mountain,
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing